Affinage

HNRNPM

Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein M · UniProt P52272

Length
730 aa
Mass
77.5 kDa
Annotated
2026-06-10
46 papers in source corpus 26 papers cited in narrative 26 extracted findings
Cross-family judge vs UniProt: Affinage preferred faithfulness: 6/6 claims corpus-supported (100%)

Mechanistic narrative

Synthesis pass · prose summary of the discoveries below

HNRNPM is a nuclear RNA-binding protein and core hnRNP complex component that functions principally as a pre-mRNA splicing regulator, recognizing GU-rich intronic cis-elements to direct splice site choice across development, cancer, and gametogenesis (PMID:8692693, PMID:24840202, PMID:34075878). It executes splicing decisions by physically engaging spliceosome and accessory splicing factors—CDC5L/PLRG1 through a central interaction domain required for modulating 5′ and 3′ splice site selection (PMID:20467437), PTBP1 during spermatogenesis (PMID:39780247), and BCAS2 during oocyte maturation (PMID:41680151)—and by binding GU-rich elements through its RRM domains, including RRM2-mediated recognition of specific pre-mRNA exons (PMID:41109930). A central activity is suppression of cryptic and aberrant splicing: HNRNPM binds GU-rich elements in long flanking introns and at intronic LINE elements to repress pseudo splice sites, prevent backsplicing, and block cryptic exon inclusion, thereby safeguarding transcriptome integrity; its loss generates cryptic exons that form long dsRNAs and trigger an interferon response (PMID:34075878, PMID:38815579). In cancer it drives the mesenchymal CD44s splicing program during EMT by competing with the epithelial regulator ESRP1 for shared GU-rich elements, promoting metastasis (PMID:24840202, PMID:30042172, PMID:30093560). Beyond splicing, HNRNPM acts post-transcriptionally to stabilize or degrade target mRNAs (PMID:33727124, PMID:40784984), and under stress it translocates to the cytoplasm to promote IRES-dependent translation and to modulate innate antiviral signaling through RIG-I/MDA5/TBK1 pathway components (PMID:30852162, PMID:31433824, PMID:39707025). SUMOylation at K17, reversed by SENP1, redirects HNRNPM to interact with PFKFB3 and suppress glycolysis, defining a non-splicing metabolic role (PMID:39983892).

Mechanistic history

Synthesis pass · year-by-year structured walk · 12 steps
  1. 1996 High

    Established that HNRNPM is not merely a structural hnRNP component but is functionally required for pre-mRNA splicing, linking it to the core splicing machinery.

    Evidence Monoclonal antibody inhibition of in vitro splicing and heat-shock nuclear extract fractionation

    PMID:8692693

    Open questions at the time
    • Did not define RNA sequence specificity or which splicing steps HNRNPM acts on
    • No domain mapping of the splicing-relevant activity
  2. 2010 High

    Identified the molecular basis by which HNRNPM influences splice site choice—direct interaction with spliceosome proteins CDC5L/PLRG1 via a central domain whose deletion abolishes splicing modulation.

    Evidence Reciprocal Co-IP, domain deletion mutagenesis, and adeno-E1A minigene alternative splicing assay

    PMID:20467437

    Open questions at the time
    • Did not map the RNA-binding determinants of splice site selection
    • Stress-induced loss of interaction not linked to specific transcripts
  3. 2014 High

    Defined a physiological splicing program for HNRNPM in cancer—driving the CD44v-to-CD44s switch during EMT by competing with ESRP1 for GU-rich elements, establishing it as a metastasis driver.

    Evidence Genome-wide RNA-seq, knockdown/overexpression, CD44s epistasis rescue, and mouse metastasis models

    PMID:24840202

    Open questions at the time
    • Mechanism of mesenchymal-specific activity not fully resolved
    • Did not establish nucleotide-resolution binding sites
  4. 2015 Medium

    Revealed a non-splicing cytoplasmic function—HNRNPM cooperates with NONO on the FGF1 IRES to activate IRES-dependent translation during myoblast differentiation.

    Evidence RIP, Co-IP, promoter deletion, and mRNA transfection assays

    PMID:26332123

    Open questions at the time
    • Mechanism of promoter-dependent IRES activation unclear
    • Did not address how nuclear HNRNPM accesses cytoplasmic IRESs
  5. 2017 Medium

    Placed HNRNPM-dependent splicing downstream of PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling, connecting an oncogenic pathway to its alternative splicing output.

    Evidence Splicing-sensitive arrays, motif enrichment, and shRNA knockdown with clonogenicity assays in Ewing sarcoma

    PMID:29036465

    Open questions at the time
    • How mTOR signaling regulates HNRNPM activity is unknown
    • Direct binding to regulated exons inferred from motifs, not measured
  6. 2018 Medium

    Consolidated the ESRP1-antagonism model genome-wide and identified MORC2 as a partner whose cancer mutation enhances HNRNPM-driven CD44 switching.

    Evidence Genome-wide RNA-seq comparison with motif analysis (idx 5); Co-IP, splicing/migration assays, and lung metastasis model (idx 6)

    PMID:30042172 PMID:30093560

    Open questions at the time
    • Competition with ESRP1 supported computationally rather than by direct biochemical assay
    • How MORC2 mutation enhances HNRNPM recruitment to pre-mRNA not structurally defined
  7. 2019 Medium

    Demonstrated stress-induced nuclear-to-cytoplasmic relocalization as a switch between functions—promoting IRES translation under hypoxia and suppressing RIG-I/MDA5 antiviral signaling during infection.

    Evidence Subcellular fractionation, omics, Co-IP with RIG-I/MDA5, and viral RNA-binding competition assays

    PMID:30852162 PMID:31433824

    Open questions at the time
    • Trigger and machinery controlling translocation undefined
    • Antiviral role here is negative, in tension with later positive regulation
  8. 2020 Medium

    Linked HNRNPM to neurodegeneration biology through an RNA-dependent interaction with MATR3 and modification of mutant MATR3 toxicity in vivo.

    Evidence RNA-dependent Co-IP in mammalian cells, Drosophila genetic modifier screen, and eCLIP analysis

    PMID:32811564

    Open questions at the time
    • Shared target processing not mechanistically dissected
    • RNA-dependent nature leaves direct vs bridged interaction open
  9. 2021 High

    Defined HNRNPM as a transcriptome guardian—binding GU-rich elements in long flanking introns to prevent aberrant exon inclusion and circRNA backsplicing—and extended its roles to mRNA stability and circRNA binding.

    Evidence eCLIP-seq, in vivo shRNA screen, splice-switching oligos (idx 10); RIP/3'UTR binding in hippocampus (idx 12); circRNA RIP (idx 11, 13)

    PMID:33727124 PMID:33837664 PMID:34075878 PMID:34385309

    Open questions at the time
    • How HNRNPM discriminates productive from aberrant splice sites unresolved
    • mRNA stabilization mechanism (3'UTR binding to half-life) not biochemically defined
  10. 2022 Medium

    Showed HNRNPM intronic binding generates functionally opposing splice isoforms (MBD2a/b) that control Wnt signaling and tumor immune evasion.

    Evidence RIP-seq, RNA-seq, ChIP, antisense oligos, and CD8+ T cell co-culture in HCC

    PMID:35158098

    Open questions at the time
    • Determinants of isoform-specific outcome not generalized
    • Direct vs indirect control of FZD3/Wnt axis incompletely resolved
  11. 2024 High

    Provided the most mechanistic view of cryptic exon suppression—HNRNPM represses LINE-embedded pseudo splice sites; its loss generates dsRNA-forming cryptic exons that trigger interferon—and revealed positive antiviral and ferroptosis-regulating splicing roles plus PARP4 as a partner.

    Evidence eCLIP-seq and dsRNA/IFN analysis (idx 15); MS interactome, KO, and IRF3 phosphorylation (idx 16); FMRP Co-IP and SLC7A11 splicing (idx 17); MS interactomics with PARP4 (idx 18)

    PMID:38815579 PMID:39034402 PMID:39388855 PMID:39707025

    Open questions at the time
    • Positive (idx 16) versus negative (idx 8) regulation of innate immunity not reconciled
    • How HNRNPM selectively targets LINE-proximal GU elements unknown
  12. 2025 High

    Established essential physiological splicing roles in gametogenesis via PTBP1 and BCAS2 partnerships, and uncovered a SUMOylation-controlled metabolic function and additional mRNA-fate partnerships (AURKB, KHSRP).

    Evidence Conditional KO with Co-IP/MS for PTBP1 (idx 20) and BCAS2 with LACE-seq (idx 23); SUMO proteomics, K17 mutagenesis, and PFKFB3 Co-IP (idx 19); Co-IP/PLA/RIP for AURKB-PSAT1 (idx 21); CLIP/minigene for PLEKHB2 (idx 22)

    PMID:39780247 PMID:39983892 PMID:40068468 PMID:40784984 PMID:41109930 PMID:41176204 PMID:41680151

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether SUMOylation reciprocally gates splicing vs metabolic functions unknown
    • Coordination among the many partner-specific roles in a single cell unresolved

Open questions

Synthesis pass · forward-looking unresolved questions
  • It remains unknown how a single GU-rich RNA-binding protein partitions among its splicing, mRNA-stability, translational, antiviral, and metabolic roles, and what cellular signals select among its many distinct protein partners.
  • No unifying model linking SUMOylation, localization, and partner choice
  • Opposing antiviral roles across studies unreconciled
  • No high-resolution structure of HNRNPM bound to RNA or to spliceosome partners

Mechanism profile

Synthesis pass · controlled-vocabulary classification · explore literature graph →
Molecular activity
GO:0003723 RNA binding 6 GO:0140098 catalytic activity, acting on RNA 4 GO:0098772 molecular function regulator activity 3 GO:0045182 translation regulator activity 2
Localization
GO:0005634 nucleus 3 GO:0005829 cytosol 3
Pathway
R-HSA-8953854 Metabolism of RNA 5 R-HSA-1643685 Disease 3 R-HSA-168256 Immune System 3 R-HSA-74160 Gene expression (Transcription) 3
Partners
BCAS2CDC5LESRP1MATR3NONOPFKFB3PLRG1PTBP1
Complex memberships
hnRNP complexspliceosome

Evidence

Reading pass · 26 per-paper findings extracted from the source corpus
Year Finding Method Journal Conf PMIDs
1996 hnRNPM proteins (72.5–74 kDa doublet) are components of hnRNP complexes and associate with the nuclear matrix during heat shock; monoclonal antibodies against synthetic hnRNPM peptides directly inhibit in vitro splicing, and heat-shocked nuclear extracts lacking hnRNPM lose splicing capacity, indicating hnRNPM is required for pre-mRNA splicing. Monoclonal antibody inhibition of in vitro splicing; heat-shock nuclear extract fractionation; cDNA cloning and sequencing; in situ hybridization (gene mapped to chromosome 19) Nucleic acids research High 8692693
2010 hnRNP-M directly interacts with spliceosome proteins CDC5L and PLRG1 in vivo; a central region of hnRNP-M is required for this interaction. This interaction is inhibited during heat-shock stress. An hnRNP-M mutant lacking the CDC5L/PLRG1 interaction domain cannot modulate alternative 5′ and 3′ splice site choices of an adeno-E1A mini-gene substrate. Co-immunoprecipitation (in vivo); domain deletion mutagenesis; mini-gene alternative splicing assay EMBO reports High 20467437
2014 hnRNPM promotes breast cancer metastasis by activating an alternative splicing switch during EMT, including switching CD44 from the epithelial (CD44v) to mesenchymal (CD44s) isoform. hnRNPM acts in a mesenchymal-specific manner by competing with the epithelial splicing regulator ESRP1 for the same GU-rich cis-regulatory RNA elements. Enforced CD44s expression overrides hnRNPM loss and restores EMT and metastasis. Genome-wide RNA-seq; shRNA knockdown and overexpression in cell lines and mouse metastasis models; epistasis (CD44s rescue experiment); ESRP1 competition assay Genes & development High 24840202
2015 hnRNPM and p54nrb/NONO cooperate as components of protein complexes bound to both the FGF1 promoter and the FGF1 mRNA IRES to activate IRES-dependent translation during myoblast differentiation in a promoter-dependent manner. Knockdown of either protein blocks FGF1 induction and myotube formation. RNA immunoprecipitation; co-immunoprecipitation; knockdown/overexpression; mRNA transfection; promoter deletion assays PloS one Medium 26332123
2017 hnRNPM regulates an alternative splicing program in Ewing sarcoma cells downstream of PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway inhibition; hnRNPM binding motifs are enriched in introns flanking BEZ235-regulated exons, and knockdown of hnRNPM abolishes a subset of BEZ235-induced splicing changes and enhances cytotoxicity. Splicing-sensitive arrays; bioinformatics motif enrichment; shRNA knockdown; clonogenicity assays Nucleic acids research Medium 29036465
2018 hnRNPM and ESRP1 coregulate overlapping sets of cassette exon alternative splicing events in a largely discordant (antagonistic) manner; GU-rich motifs downstream of hnRNPM-repressed/ESRP1-enhanced exons support a model of competitive binding to these cis-elements during EMT. Genome-wide RNA-seq comparison of hnRNPM and ESRP1 splicing targets; motif enrichment analysis near coregulated exons RNA (New York, N.Y.) Medium 30042172
2018 A cancer-associated MORC2 M276I mutation enhances binding of MORC2 to hnRNPM; this interaction promotes an hnRNPM-mediated CD44 splicing switch from CD44v to CD44s, driving EMT and lung metastasis. Knockdown of hnRNPM reduces mutant MORC2 binding to CD44 pre-mRNA and reverses the splicing switch. Co-immunoprecipitation; shRNA knockdown; splicing assays; cell migration/invasion assays; mouse lung metastasis model Cancer research Medium 30093560
2019 Under hypoxia, hnRNPM translocates from nucleus to cytoplasm where it binds target mRNA IRESs and promotes IRES-dependent translation initiation of a distinct set of genes involved in metabolic processes and cancer neoplasia. Proteomic/bioinformatic identification of hnRNPM as IRES-interacting factor; subcellular fractionation showing cytosolic translocation under hypoxia; transcriptomic and translatomic analyses; mouse carcinogenesis model EBioMedicine Medium 30852162
2019 hnRNPM is a negative regulator of RLR-mediated innate antiviral signaling; viral infection causes translocation of hnRNPM from the nucleus to the cytoplasm, where it interacts with RIG-I and MDA5 and impairs their binding to viral RNA, thereby inhibiting innate antiviral responses. Overexpression and knockdown experiments; viral infection assays; Co-immunoprecipitation of hnRNPM with RIG-I and MDA5; RNA-binding competition assay; subcellular fractionation PLoS pathogens Medium 31433824
2020 hnRNPM physically and functionally interacts with Matrin-3 (MATR3) in an RNA-dependent manner in mammalian cells; in Drosophila, rump (the hnRNPM homolog) modifies mutant MATR3 toxicity in vivo, and common RNA targets converge on biological processes important for neuronal health. Co-immunoprecipitation (RNA-dependent, mammalian cells); Drosophila genetic modifier screen; eCLIP dataset analysis Acta neuropathologica communications Medium 32811564
2021 HNRNPM binds to GU-rich elements in long flanking proximal introns of key homeostatic gene transcripts to prevent aberrant exon inclusion and backsplicing events (circular RNA formation), thereby maintaining transcriptome integrity and supporting prostate cancer cell growth. Pooled shRNA screens (in vitro and in vivo); eCLIP-seq; RNA-seq; splice-switching antisense oligonucleotides eLife High 34075878
2021 hnRNPM directly interacts with CDR1as circular RNA in periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) and regulates its expression, thereby influencing PDLSC stemness through the CDR1as/miR-7/KLF4 axis. RNA immunoprecipitation; knockdown and overexpression experiments; stemness and differentiation assays Journal of cellular and molecular medicine Low 33837664
2021 Knockdown of hnRNPM in the mouse CA1 hippocampal region impairs learning and memory, reduces pre- and post-synaptic protein levels (synaptophysin and PSD95), impairs dendritic spine morphology, and hnRNPM directly binds to the 3′UTR of synaptophysin and PSD95 mRNAs to stabilize them. In vivo shRNA knockdown in mouse CA1; behavioral memory tests; immunofluorescence/western blot; RNA immunoprecipitation (3′UTR binding) Neuroscience letters Medium 33727124
2021 circURI1 directly interacts with hnRNPM to modulate alternative splicing of genes involved in cell migration, thereby suppressing gastric cancer metastasis. RNA pulldown; RNA immunoprecipitation; alternative splicing analysis (RNA-seq); in vitro migration/invasion assays; in vivo metastasis model Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America Medium 34385309
2022 HNRNPM regulates alternative splicing of MBD2 pre-mRNA by binding to its flanking introns, generating isoforms with opposing roles; MBD2a promotes FZD3 expression and activates Wnt/β-catenin signaling, driving cancer stemness and immune evasion in hepatocellular carcinoma. RIP-seq; RNA-seq; chromatin immunoprecipitation; knockdown/antisense oligonucleotides; CD8+ T cell co-culture assays Cellular and molecular gastroenterology and hepatology Medium 35158098
2024 hnRNPM preferentially binds to GU-rich elements at intronic LINE transposable elements in deep introns to repress pseudo splice site usage and suppress cryptic exon inclusion; loss of hnRNPM leads to cryptic exons that generate long dsRNAs (via base-pairing of inverted ALU elements among LINEs), triggering an interferon response. eCLIP-seq; RNA-seq; loss-of-function experiments; dsRNA detection; interferon pathway analysis; immune cell infiltration analysis in hnRNPM-deficient tumors Molecular cell High 38815579
2024 hnRNPM is a positive regulator of IRF3 phosphorylation and type-I IFN induction downstream of both cGAS/STING and RIG-I/MAVS pathways; hnRNPM interacts with ELAVL1/HuR, TBK1, IKKε, IKKβ, and NF-κB p65, and confocal microscopy shows cytosolic/perinuclear co-localization of hnRNPM, ELAVL1, and TBK1. Interactome analysis by mass spectrometry; genome editing (knockouts); confocal microscopy; viral infection assays (HSV-1, Sendai virus); IRF3 phosphorylation assays The EMBO journal Medium 39707025
2024 FMRP interacts with hnRNPM to recognize splice sites and modulate exon-skipping splicing of SLC7A11 pre-mRNA, generating a specific SLC7A11-S splice variant that promotes ferroptosis resistance in breast cancer cells. Co-immunoprecipitation of FMRP and hnRNPM; splicing assays; overexpression/knockdown experiments; ferroptosis assays Redox biology Medium 39388855
2024 PARP4 interacts with hnRNPM as a novel binding partner (identified by quantitative mass spectrometry interactomics); loss of PARP4 or hnRNPM results in overlapping intronic splicing perturbations and promotes lung adenocarcinoma tumorigenicity. Quantitative mass spectrometry interactomics; transcriptomic splicing analysis; in vitro and in vivo tumorigenicity assays Genome medicine Medium 39034402
2025 hnRNPM is SUMOylated at lysine 17; SENP1 is the de-SUMOylation enzyme (eraser). SUMOylated hnRNPM interacts with PFKFB3 and inhibits its phosphorylation and nuclear localization, thereby suppressing glycolysis. SUMO-deficient hnRNPM promotes colorectal cancer cell proliferation and tumorigenesis in mice. Global SUMOylated proteomic screening; site-specific mutagenesis (K17); Co-immunoprecipitation; SUMO-deficient mutant in vivo mouse model; lactate production and PFKFB3 phosphorylation assays Cancer letters Medium 39983892
2025 hnRNPM interacts with PTBP1 to co-regulate alternative splicing during spermatogenesis; conditional knockout of hnRNPM in germ cells causes male infertility, sperm morphology defects, and 1617 alternative splicing changes including abnormal exon skipping in Cep152, Cyld, Inpp4b, and Cd59b. Conditional knockout mouse model; co-immunoprecipitation and mass spectrometry (identifying PTBP1 interaction); RNA-seq (alternative splicing analysis) Reproductive biology and endocrinology Medium 39780247
2025 AURKB binds to HNRNPM and interferes with HNRNPM's interaction with PSAT1 mRNA, thereby suppressing HNRNPM-mediated PSAT1 mRNA degradation and increasing PSAT1 protein levels; this represents a kinase-independent oncogenic function of AURKB in colorectal cancer. Co-immunoprecipitation; proximity ligation assay; RNA immunoprecipitation-qPCR; mRNA stability assays; mass spectrometry Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research Medium 40784984
2025 hnRNPM directly binds via its RRM2 domain to constitutive exon 9 of PLEKHB2 pre-mRNA, facilitating skipping of alternative exon 8 and generating the PLEKHB2-S isoform that promotes colorectal cancer cell proliferation. In vivo CLIP assay; minigene reporter splicing assay; RNA-seq; knockdown experiments in vitro and in vivo Oncogene Medium 41109930
2025 hnRNPM interacts with BCAS2 (a known splicing factor) in oocytes and modulates BCAS2 binding to pre-mRNA loci to control alternative splicing; conditional ablation of hnRNPM in oocytes causes cytoplasmic defects, meiotic arrest, and complete female infertility, with widespread alternative splicing disruption identified by SCAN-seq and LACE-seq. Genetic ablation (conditional knockout); SCAN-seq (novel isoform discovery); LACE-seq (single-nucleotide resolution binding sites); Co-immunoprecipitation of hnRNPM with BCAS2 Nature communications High 41680151
2025 hnRNPM promotes apoptosis in pseudorabies virus (PRV)-infected cells by upregulating cleaved caspase-3, -6, -7, and Bax while downregulating Bcl-2; PRV infection induces nuclear translocation of hnRNPM, and hnRNPM co-localizes with caspase-6. Overexpression and knockdown in PK15/3D4/21 cells; viral replication assays; western blot for apoptosis markers; subcellular fractionation; co-localization (immunofluorescence) Veterinary microbiology Low 40068468
2025 KHSRP interacts with hnRNPM, which directly binds to GPX4 mRNA; hnRNPM overexpression rescues the decrease in GPX4 expression and ferroptosis induced by KHSRP knockdown, indicating that the KHSRP-hnRNPM complex regulates GPX4 mRNA stability post-transcriptionally. Co-immunoprecipitation; RNA immunoprecipitation; knockdown/overexpression rescue experiments; ferroptosis assays (lipid peroxidation, MDA, GSH) Experimental cell research Low 41176204

Source papers

Stage 0 corpus · 46 papers · ranked by NIH iCite citations
Year Title Journal Citations PMID
2014 Cell type-restricted activity of hnRNPM promotes breast cancer metastasis via regulating alternative splicing. Genes & development 199 24840202
2021 CircURI1 interacts with hnRNPM to inhibit metastasis by modulating alternative splicing in gastric cancer. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 145 34385309
1999 DAR, a new RhD variant involving exons 4, 5, and 7, often in linkage with ceAR, a new Rhce variant frequently found in African blacks. Blood 97 10590079
2018 Cancer-Associated MORC2-Mutant M276I Regulates an hnRNPM-Mediated CD44 Splicing Switch to Promote Invasion and Metastasis in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. Cancer research 85 30093560
2018 Coregulation of alternative splicing by hnRNPM and ESRP1 during EMT. RNA (New York, N.Y.) 63 30042172
1996 The human hnRNP-M proteins: structure and relation with early heat shock-induced splicing arrest and chromosome mapping. Nucleic acids research 63 8692693
2017 hnRNPM guides an alternative splicing program in response to inhibition of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway in Ewing sarcoma cells. Nucleic acids research 60 29036465
2010 Direct interaction between hnRNP-M and CDC5L/PLRG1 proteins affects alternative splice site choice. EMBO reports 59 20467437
2021 HNRNPM controls circRNA biogenesis and splicing fidelity to sustain cancer cell fitness. eLife 51 34075878
2020 RNA-recognition motif in Matrin-3 mediates neurodegeneration through interaction with hnRNPM. Acta neuropathologica communications 43 32811564
2022 Targeting HNRNPM Inhibits Cancer Stemness and Enhances Antitumor Immunity in Wnt-activated Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Cellular and molecular gastroenterology and hepatology 38 35158098
2019 hnRNPM induces translation switch under hypoxia to promote colon cancer development. EBioMedicine 37 30852162
2019 The heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein hnRNPM inhibits RNA virus-triggered innate immunity by antagonizing RNA sensing of RIG-I-like receptors. PLoS pathogens 28 31433824
2021 CDR1as regulated by hnRNPM maintains stemness of periodontal ligament stem cells via miR-7/KLF4. Journal of cellular and molecular medicine 26 33837664
2019 hnRNPM, a potential mediator of YY1 in promoting the epithelial-mesenchymal transition of prostate cancer cells. The Prostate 22 31251827
2024 hnRNPM protects against the dsRNA-mediated interferon response by repressing LINE-associated cryptic splicing. Molecular cell 21 38815579
2015 In vitro identification of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease-related protein hnRNPM. World journal of gastroenterology 18 25684943
2024 FMRP protects breast cancer cells from ferroptosis by promoting SLC7A11 alternative splicing through interacting with hnRNPM. Redox biology 17 39388855
2015 Promoter-Dependent Translation Controlled by p54nrb and hnRNPM during Myoblast Differentiation. PloS one 17 26332123
2024 PARP4 interacts with hnRNPM to regulate splicing during lung cancer progression. Genome medicine 14 39034402
1994 Molecular cloning, cDNA analysis, and localization of a monomer of the N-acetylglucosamine-specific receptor of the thyroid, NAGR1, to chromosome 19p13.3-13.2. Genomics 13 8088785
2023 circPTPN12 promotes the progression and sunitinib resistance of renal cancer via hnRNPM/IL-6/STAT3 pathway. Cell death & disease 12 37002206
2022 A short report of novel RARG-HNRNPM fusion gene in resembling acute promyelocytic leukemia. Hematology (Amsterdam, Netherlands) 12 35544458
2021 hnRNPM deficiency leads to cognitive deficits via disrupting synaptic plasticity. Neuroscience letters 11 33727124
2009 Alloanti-c/ce in a c+ceAR/Ce patient suggests that the rare RHCE ceAR allele (ceAR) encodes a partial c antigen. Transfusion 10 19624489
2025 Histone lactylation-boosted AURKB facilitates colorectal cancer progression by inhibiting HNRNPM-mediated PSAT1 mRNA degradation. Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research : CR 8 40784984
2022 Downregulation of HNRNPM inhibits cell proliferation and migration of hepatocellular carcinoma through MAPK/AKT signaling pathway. Translational cancer research 8 35966311
2017 C. elegans SUP-46, an HNRNPM family RNA-binding protein that prevents paternally-mediated epigenetic sterility. BMC biology 8 28716093
2025 SUMOylated hnRNPM suppresses PFKFB3 phosphorylation to regulate glycolysis and tumorigenesis. Cancer letters 7 39983892
2024 RNA-binding proteins hnRNPM and ELAVL1 promote type-I interferon induction downstream of the nucleic acid sensors cGAS and RIG-I. The EMBO journal 7 39707025
2010 RHCE*ceAR encodes a partial c (RH4) antigen. Immunohematology 7 20932075
2023 Circular RNA-circLRP6 protects cardiomyocyte from hypoxia-induced apoptosis by facilitating hnRNPM-mediated expression of FGF-9. The FEBS journal 6 38105623
2025 HnRNPM modulates alternative splicing in germ cells by recruiting PTBP1. Reproductive biology and endocrinology : RB&E 5 39780247
2023 The bovine leukemia virus-derived long non-coding RNA AS1-S binds to bovine hnRNPM and alters the interaction between hnRNPM and host mRNAs. Microbiology spectrum 5 37671887
2025 hnRNPM regulates influenza A virus replication through distinct mechanisms in human and avian cells: implications for cross-species transmission. Journal of virology 4 40434105
2023 Novel HNRNPM::LEUTX fusion resulting from chromothripsis of chromosome 19 in a pediatric undifferentiated small round cell neoplasm. Genes, chromosomes & cancer 4 37366242
2023 hnRNPM suppressed IRF7-mediated IFN signaling in the antiviral innate immunity in triploid hybrid fish. Developmental and comparative immunology 4 37586670
2023 Knockdown of HNRNPM inhibits the progression of glioma through inducing ferroptosis. Cell cycle (Georgetown, Tex.) 3 38016815
2024 Oncogenic LINC00698 suppresses apoptosis of melanoma stem cells to promote tumorigenesis via LINC00698-miR-3132-TCF7/hnRNPM axis. Cancer cell international 2 39068483
2000 [Clinical characteristics of familial rheumatoid arthritis in Spain. A study of 73 families. Spanish Consortium for Rheumatoid Arthritis (CEAR) and European Consortium for Familial Rheumatoid Arthritis (ECRAF)]. Medicina clinica 2 10782452
2025 circ_0004662 contributes to colorectal cancer progression by interacting with hnRNPM. International journal of oncology 1 39821691
2025 HnRNPM inhibits pseudorabies virus replication by inducing apoptosis in infected cells. Veterinary microbiology 1 40068468
2025 CYMP-AS1 Promotes Ovarian Cancer Progression by Enhancing the Intracellular Translocation of hnRNPM and Reducing the Stability of AXIN2 mRNA. Oncology research 1 40746892
2025 Emerging roles of RNA-binding protein hnRNPM in alternative splicing regulation and UTMD mediated sh-hnRNPM/CMBs suppress the proliferation of colorectal cancer. Oncogene 1 41109930
2026 hnRNPM cooperates with BCAS2 to modulate alternative splicing during oocyte development. Nature communications 0 41680151
2025 KHSRP protects colorectal cancer cells against ferroptosis by regulating GPX4 expression through interaction with hnRNPM. Experimental cell research 0 41176204

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