| 2002 |
C. elegans ZYX-1 (zyxin ortholog), a LIM domain protein, physically associates with the germline RNA helicases GLH-1 and GLH-4 at P granules, as established by yeast two-hybrid screening and confirmed by GST pull-down assays. Unlike loss of CSN-5 or KGB-1, RNAi depletion or deletion of zyx-1 produced no obvious oogenesis or P granule phenotype. |
Yeast two-hybrid screening of C. elegans cDNA library; GST pull-down assay |
Developmental biology |
Medium |
12435362
|
| 2004 |
Human zyxin (ZYX) was identified as a 14-3-3-binding phosphoprotein: it was captured by 14-3-3 affinity chromatography from proliferating HeLa cell extracts and did not bind after dephosphorylation with PP2A, establishing that the interaction requires phosphorylation of ZYX. |
14-3-3 affinity chromatography followed by mass spectrometric identification; dephosphorylation control with PP2A |
The Biochemical journal |
Low |
14744259
|
| 2007 |
C. elegans DYC-1 (a dystrophin-associated protein) interacts with ZYX-1 (zyxin ortholog) at dense bodies in striated muscle. A conserved 19 amino acid sequence in DYC-1 mediates the interaction with ZYX-1 and is sufficient for DYC-1 targeting to the dense body. ZYX-1 localizes at dense bodies, M-lines, and the nucleus, and its localization suggests a role in dense body function and muscle adhesion structure stability. |
Yeast two-hybrid assay; deletion mapping of DYC-1 interaction domain; immunofluorescence localization in C. elegans muscles |
Molecular biology of the cell |
Medium |
18094057
|
| 2013 |
C. elegans ZYX-1 localizes at dense bodies/Z-discs and M-lines, as well as in the nucleus of body-wall muscle. ZYX-1 interacts with DEB-1 (vinculin) and ATN-1 (α-actinin) via yeast two-hybrid. Its localization and dynamics at dense bodies depend on ATN-1. FRAP experiments revealed high mobility of ZYX-1 at dense bodies and M-lines, indicating a peripheral and dynamic association. Two isoforms (ZYX-1a and ZYX-1b) play different roles in dystrophin-dependent muscle degeneration in a C. elegans DMD model. A portion of ZYX-1 shuttles from cytoplasm to nucleus, suggesting a signal transduction role. |
Yeast two-hybrid; immunofluorescence; FRAP (fluorescence recovery after photobleaching); isoform-specific RNAi and deletion analysis in C. elegans DMD model |
Molecular biology of the cell |
High |
23427270
|
| 2014 |
C. elegans ZYX-1 (zyxin ortholog) is required for synapse maintenance in PLM mechanosensory neurons. Most PLM synapses form during development but are subsequently lost in zyx-1 mutants. The synapse-stabilizing activity resides in the C-terminal LIM domain-containing short isoform. Disrupting locomotion suppresses the synaptogenesis phenotype, indicating ZYX-1 protects synapses from locomotion-induced mechanical forces. This activity is independent of α-actinin and ENA/VASP, which bind the N-terminal domain of zyxin, demonstrating autonomous LIM domain function in mechanosensing. |
Genetic loss-of-function analysis in C. elegans; isoform-specific transgene rescue; suppression by locomotion disruption (epistasis); immunofluorescence |
Development (Cambridge, England) |
High |
25252943
|
| 2020 |
Human ZYX promotes glioblastoma cell invasion through positive regulation of stathmin 1 (STMN1) at both mRNA and protein levels. STMN1 knockdown phenocopies ZYX loss in reducing invasion, and STMN1 overexpression rescues the invasion defect caused by ZYX loss, establishing a ZYX–STMN1 functional axis. |
RNA-seq and mass spectrometry after ZYX knockdown; siRNA loss-of-function; rescue experiments with STMN1 overexpression; in vitro invasion assays; in vivo xenograft |
Laboratory investigation |
Medium |
31949244
|
| 2020 |
A peptide derived from human ZYX (ZYX36-58, residues 36–58) inhibits invasion and migration and promotes apoptosis of ovarian cancer cells. Mechanistically, ZYX36-58 binds to and increases protein levels of thrombospondin-1 (TSP1), a tumor suppressor with antiangiogenic activity. |
Peptide pull-down assay; CCK8, transwell, wound healing, and flow cytometry assays; high-throughput RNA sequencing |
Annals of translational medicine |
Low |
32953725
|
| 2022 |
C. elegans ZYX-1/Zyxin (and TES-1/Tes) are recruited to apical junctions during embryonic elongation in a tension-dependent manner. Junctional ZYX-1 recruitment requires active elongation and is severely reduced when elongation fails. zyx-1 mutants display junctional F-actin defects, and zyx-1 loss strongly enhances morphogenetic defects in hypomorphic cadherin/catenin complex (CCC) mutants. The LCR (LIM-containing repeat) domains of ZYX-1 are recruited to stress fiber strain sites (SFSSs) in cultured vertebrate cells, establishing ZYX-1 as part of a tension-sensitive system that stabilizes junctional actin during embryonic morphogenesis. |
Genetic analysis in C. elegans (mutants, hypomorphic combinatorial genetics); live fluorescence imaging; SFSS recruitment assay in cultured vertebrate cells |
Current biology : CB |
High |
36384139
|
| 2024 |
Human ZYX is required for ITGB1-mediated FAK/AKT signaling and HCC cell proliferation and invasion. ZYX knockdown suppresses FAK/AKT signaling downstream of ITGB1; ZYX overexpression rescues ITGB1-overexpression-driven growth; and ZYX knockdown abolishes the promoting effect of ITGB1 overexpression. ZYX knockdown does not affect ITGB1 levels, placing ZYX downstream of ITGB1 and upstream of FAK/AKT in the ITGB1/ZYX/FAK/AKT pathway. |
siRNA knockdown; overexpression; immunoblotting for FAK/AKT pathway components; in vitro viability/apoptosis assays; in vivo xenograft (orthotopic and subcutaneous) |
Cancer cell international |
Medium |
39143566
|
| 2025 |
ZYX regulates the TGF-β/SMAD signaling pathway in pancreatic acinar cells to control ferroptosis. Coumestrol (CMS) binds directly to ZYX (molecular docking), downregulates ZYX expression, and reduces TGF-β/SMAD pathway activity. ZYX overexpression counteracts CMS-mediated inhibition of TGF-β/Smad signaling and ferroptosis, placing ZYX as a positive regulator of this pathway and of acinar cell ferroptosis. |
Molecular docking; caerulein-induced acute pancreatitis mouse models; ZYX overexpression rescue experiments; immunoblotting for TGF-β/SMAD components; cell biology ferroptosis assays |
International immunopharmacology |
Low |
40414075
|
| 2025 |
In prostate cancer cells, the lncRNA RAD51-AS1 recruits HNRNPC in the nucleus to bind pre-RARA mRNA and positively modulate RARA expression. RARA then activates ZYX transcription to enhance ZYX expression, and increased ZYX suppresses PCa cell migration and invasion. This RAD51-AS1/HNRNPC/RARA/ZYX axis was established by rescue experiments showing that ZYX knockdown reverses the anti-migratory effect of RAD51-AS1. |
RT-qPCR; RIP assay; chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) for RARA at ZYX promoter; rescue knockdown experiments; transwell migration/invasion assays |
Discover oncology |
Medium |
41134509
|
| 2024 |
Human zyxin acts as a mechanosensor in endothelial cells that promotes oscillatory shear stress (OSS)-induced inflammation and atherosclerosis. Mechanistically, under OSS, zyxin binds to 14-3-3β and inhibits 14-3-3β-mediated phosphorylation of YAP at Serine 127, thereby enhancing YAP nuclear translocation and endothelial inflammatory gene expression. Endothelial-specific zyxin deletion (Zyxin iECKO ApoE−/−) reverses OSS-driven endothelial activation and reduces atherosclerosis in vivo. |
Endothelial-specific conditional knockout mouse model (Zyxin iECKO ApoE−/−); disturbed flow in vitro (Ibidi system); co-immunoprecipitation of zyxin with 14-3-3β; YAP phosphorylation (Ser127) immunoblotting; qPCR for inflammatory markers |
bioRxiv (preprint)preprint |
Medium |
|
| 2024 |
Human zyxin detects force-induced ruptures in actin-myosin stress fibers and coordinates repair by forming force-dependent assemblies via its LIM domains that bridge broken filament fragments. These assemblies engage repair factors through multi-valent interactions: zyxin coordinates nucleation of new F-actin by VASP and crosslinking into aligned bundles by α-actinin. Stress fiber repair initiates within the cores of micron-scale damage sites, explaining rapid restoration of F-actin-depleted regions. |
In vitro reconstitution with purified proteins; single-molecule force assays; live-cell imaging of stress fiber repair; loss-of-function analysis |
bioRxiv (preprint)preprint |
High |
|
| 2025 |
Human zyxin broadly restricts viral fusion and entry across multiple enveloped virus families. Zyxin-knockout RPE cells show enhanced cell-cell fusion activity with HSV-1, pseudorabies virus (PRV), paramyxovirus, and rhabdovirus fusion proteins, and larger plaques following infection with each viral family. Bulk RNA sequencing of zyxin-KO vs. wild-type cells identified 18 differentially expressed genes enriched in ontology groups including extracellular matrix organization, cell-cell adhesion, and MAPK cascade regulation, suggesting that zyxin modulates membrane properties or cytoskeletal organization to restrict viral membrane fusion. |
CRISPR/Cas9 zyxin knockout; quantitative cell-cell fusion assay; plaque size analysis for HSV-1, PRV, paramyxovirus, rhabdovirus; bulk RNA sequencing |
bioRxiv (preprint)preprint |
Medium |
|
| 2025 |
Human zyxin and VASP cooperate to organize focal adhesion (FA)-associated actin filaments. CRISPR/Cas9 knockout of VASP and/or zyxin impairs adhesion dynamics and alters FA morphology. Cryo-electron tomography revealed that loss of VASP and zyxin disrupts the assembly of dense, aligned actin bundles with uniform barbed-end polarity toward the cell edge; a tropomyosin-decorated dorsal actin layer remains unaffected. This establishes zyxin's specific role in maintaining the polarity and organization of the adhesion-associated actin network. |
CRISPR/Cas9 knockout of VASP and zyxin; cryo-electron tomography (cryo-ET) with filament polarity analysis; FA dynamics imaging |
bioRxiv (preprint)preprint |
High |
|
| 2025 |
In brain endothelial cells, zyxin expression inversely correlates with claudin-5 levels during blood-brain barrier (BBB) maturation, and this inverse relationship is recapitulated in mice and in human temporal lobe epilepsy patients with BBB dysfunction. Mechanistically, increasing mechanical loads shift from cell-matrix adhesions to cell-cell junctions during BBB maturation, with zyxin and vinculin being markers of the cell-matrix adhesion force-bearing system that is inversely regulated relative to tight junction strength. |
Super-resolution imaging; biophysical tension measurements in human stem cell-derived endothelial cells; immunofluorescence in mouse and human tissue; BBB permeability assays |
bioRxiv (preprint)preprint |
Low |
|