Affinage

VIRMA

Protein virilizer homolog · UniProt Q69YN4

Length
1812 aa
Mass
202.0 kDa
Annotated
2026-04-28
100 papers in source corpus 45 papers cited in narrative 46 extracted findings

Mechanistic narrative

Synthesis pass · prose summary of the discoveries below

VIRMA (KIAA1429) is a scaffold subunit of the m6A methyltransferase complex that directs region-selective N6-methyladenosine deposition preferentially at mRNA 3'UTRs and near stop codons, thereby regulating mRNA stability, alternative polyadenylation, alternative splicing, and miRNA processing across diverse cell types (PMID:29507755, PMID:32094512, PMID:34490238, PMID:36505780). Within the complex, VIRMA recruits the catalytic core (METTL3/METTL14/WTAP) and associates with polyadenylation factors CPSF5/CPSF6 to couple m6A installation with 3'UTR length control; downstream, distinct m6A readers—including YTHDF1/2, YTHDC1, IGF2BP2/3, HuR, and HNRNPC—interpret VIRMA-installed marks to modulate transcript fate in a target-specific manner (PMID:29507755, PMID:37705505, PMID:37391589, PMID:37528369). VIRMA also functions as a direct RNA-binding protein capable of stabilizing select transcripts independently of m6A catalysis (PMID:31285549, PMID:34976433). Post-translational modifications—BRAF-mediated phosphorylation driving cytoplasmic relocalization, TIP60-mediated acetylation, and AARS2-mediated lactylation at K1713—further tune VIRMA subcellular distribution, substrate specificity, and methyltransferase output (PMID:40611274, PMID:40301310, PMID:41017455).

Mechanistic history

Synthesis pass · year-by-year structured walk · 9 steps
  1. 2018 High

    The foundational question of how m6A is preferentially deposited at 3'UTRs/stop codons was answered: VIRMA serves as a scaffold that recruits the METTL3/METTL14/WTAP catalytic core and associates with CPSF5/CPSF6 to guide region-selective methylation and regulate alternative polyadenylation.

    Evidence Biochemical purification of the m6A writer complex, RIP-seq, meRIP-seq, and knockdown RNA-seq in human cells

    PMID:29507755

    Open questions at the time
    • Structural basis of VIRMA-mediated recruitment of the catalytic core remains undefined
    • Whether VIRMA-CPSF5/CPSF6 interaction is direct or RNA-bridged was not fully resolved
    • Contribution of individual VIRMA domains to region selectivity not mapped
  2. 2019 High

    VIRMA was shown to operate through distinct m6A-dependent and m6A-independent modes of RNA regulation, establishing it as a multifunctional RNA-binding protein beyond its writer complex role.

    Evidence m6A-dependent GATA3 pre-mRNA degradation via HuR displacement in HCC (MeRIP-seq, RIP-seq); m6A-independent regulation of CDK1 in breast cancer (RIP-seq, rescue experiments)

    PMID:31285549 PMID:31856849

    Open questions at the time
    • The RNA-binding domain mediating m6A-independent interactions was not identified at this stage
    • Whether m6A-independent targets represent off-complex VIRMA activity is unclear
  3. 2020 High

    In vivo essentiality of VIRMA-mediated m6A was established: conditional knockout in mouse oocytes impaired meiosis resumption and revealed a predominant role in alternative splicing regulation during oogenesis.

    Evidence Oocyte-specific Kiaa1429 conditional knockout mouse with RNA-seq, m6A quantification, and splice analysis

    PMID:32094512

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether the splicing phenotype is direct (m6A on splice sites) or indirect was not resolved
    • Contribution of VIRMA versus other writer subunits to oocyte-specific m6A targets unknown
  4. 2021 High

    The downstream reader logic was elaborated: VIRMA-installed m6A marks on specific transcripts are decoded by reader-specific pathways (YTHDF2 for mRNA decay, DGCR8 for pri-miRNA processing), showing that VIRMA feeds into multiple post-transcriptional fates depending on context.

    Evidence YTHDF2-dependent CHST11 degradation in DLBCL (CRISPR KO, MeRIP-seq, RIP); DGCR8-dependent pri-miR-143-3p maturation in vascular cells (gain/loss-of-function, DGCR8 interaction assay); m6A-independent SMC1A stabilization in breast cancer (RIP, in vivo models)

    PMID:34490238 PMID:34976433 PMID:37076815

    Open questions at the time
    • Rules governing which reader is recruited to a given VIRMA-methylated transcript are unknown
    • Whether VIRMA directly interfaces with readers or only marks RNA for passive reader recognition is unresolved
  5. 2022 Medium

    VIRMA's protein-level regulation was uncovered: USP29-mediated deubiquitination stabilizes VIRMA protein, and VIRMA was shown to regulate alternative splicing transcriptome-wide in hepatocellular carcinoma, broadening the scope of its functional output.

    Evidence Co-IP confirming USP29-KIAA1429 interaction in CRC (with m6A-SOX8 downstream axis); RIP-seq integrated with RNA-seq for splicing analysis in HCC

    PMID:36373629 PMID:36505780

    Open questions at the time
    • The ubiquitination site(s) on VIRMA are not mapped
    • Whether USP29 regulation of VIRMA is tissue-specific is unknown
    • Causal link between VIRMA binding and specific splice-site decisions not mechanistically defined
  6. 2023 High

    Isoform-level and subcellular-localization-dependent function was dissected: full-length nuclear VIRMA drives m6A-dependent tumorigenesis, while cytoplasmic VIRMA (or an N-terminal isoform) interacts with m6A readers like IGF2BP3 in the cytoplasm to stabilize transcripts such as HAS2, revealing compartment-specific activities.

    Evidence Isoform-specific overexpression with m6A profiling and subcellular fractionation in breast cancer; reciprocal Co-IP/pulldown of VIRMA-IGF2BP3 with functional validation

    PMID:37208522 PMID:37705505

    Open questions at the time
    • Signals governing VIRMA nuclear export/retention are not fully characterized
    • Whether cytoplasmic VIRMA retains methyltransferase activity or acts solely as an RNA-binding adaptor is unresolved
  7. 2023 High

    The diversity of m6A readers downstream of VIRMA was expanded to include HuR and HNRNPC, establishing that VIRMA-installed m6A marks engage canonical (YTHDF/YTHDC) and non-canonical (HuR, HNRNPC) readers in a target-dependent manner.

    Evidence SLAM-seq, MeRIP-seq, and RIP identifying HuR as reader for TMED2/PARD3B in ICC; PAR-CLIP/RIP confirming HNRNPC recognition of VIRMA-methylated TFAP2A in breast cancer

    PMID:37391589 PMID:37528369

    Open questions at the time
    • Structural or sequence determinants that specify which reader engages a VIRMA-methylated site remain unknown
    • Whether non-canonical readers compete with YTHDF proteins at the same site is untested
  8. 2024 High

    Post-translational modification of VIRMA was shown to control its activity and localization: BRAF phosphorylation drives cytoplasmic accumulation and Wnt pathway activation; TIP60 acetylation modulates m6A-YTHDF1-dependent gene expression; and lactylation at K1713 (recruited by AARS2) enhances m6A output on specific targets.

    Evidence IP-MS identifying BRAF-VIRMA phosphorylation with IF/RIP in BRAF-mutant CRC; Co-IP plus in vivo validation for TIP60-KIAA1429 acetylation in HCC; mass spectrometry for K1713 lactylation with MeRIP in CRC liver metastasis PDX

    PMID:40301310 PMID:40611274 PMID:41017455

    Open questions at the time
    • Specific phosphorylation sites on VIRMA are not mapped
    • Acetylation site identity and stoichiometry not reported
    • Crosstalk between phosphorylation, acetylation, and lactylation is unexplored
  9. 2025 High

    VIRMA was linked to a fundamental housekeeping process: in neural progenitor cells, VIRMA depletion destabilizes the entire writer complex, impairs ribosome biogenesis by inhibiting mRNA decay of ribosomal gene transcripts, triggers p53-dependent stress, and compromises global translation during forebrain development.

    Evidence Conditional KO in developing mouse forebrain with ribosome profiling, RNA stability assays, and proteomics

    PMID:40577453

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether VIRMA's role in ribosome biogenesis extends to non-neural tissues is untested
    • The specific ribosomal protein or rRNA transcripts whose decay depends on VIRMA-mediated m6A are not fully catalogued
    • How VIRMA depletion destabilizes the entire writer complex at a structural level is unknown

Open questions

Synthesis pass · forward-looking unresolved questions
  • Key unresolved questions include the high-resolution structure of VIRMA within the writer complex, the rules governing reader selection at VIRMA-methylated sites, the functional distinction between nuclear and cytoplasmic VIRMA pools, and the integration of multiple PTMs in controlling VIRMA activity.
  • No atomic-resolution structure of VIRMA alone or in complex
  • Deterministic rules for reader specificity at individual m6A sites unknown
  • In vivo physiological roles beyond oogenesis and brain development largely unexplored in non-cancer settings

Mechanism profile

Synthesis pass · controlled-vocabulary classification · explore literature graph →
Molecular activity
GO:0016740 transferase activity 13 GO:0003723 RNA binding 7 GO:0060090 molecular adaptor activity 3
Localization
GO:0005634 nucleus 3 GO:0005829 cytosol 3
Pathway
R-HSA-8953854 Metabolism of RNA 5 R-HSA-74160 Gene expression (Transcription) 3 R-HSA-1266738 Developmental Biology 2 R-HSA-392499 Metabolism of proteins 2
Partners
BRAFCPSF5IGF2BP3METTL14METTL3PTPRGUSP29WTAP
Complex memberships
m6A methyltransferase complex (METTL3/METTL14/WTAP/VIRMA/HAKAI/ZC3H13)

Evidence

Reading pass · 46 per-paper findings extracted from the source corpus
Year Finding Method Journal Conf PMIDs
2018 VIRMA (KIAA1429) is a component of the m6A methyltransferase complex (METTL3/METTL14/WTAP/VIRMA/HAKAI/ZC3H13) and mediates preferential m6A mRNA methylation in 3'UTR and near stop codon by recruiting the catalytic core components METTL3/METTL14/WTAP to guide region-selective methylations. VIRMA also associates with polyadenylation cleavage factors CPSF5 and CPSF6 in an RNA-dependent manner, and its depletion induces 3'UTR lengthening of several hundred mRNAs overlapping with METTL3 targets. Biochemical purification of m6A methyltransferase complex, RIP-seq, meRIP-seq, knockdown with RNA-seq, Co-IP Cell discovery High 29507755
2018 VIRMA depletion and METTL3 depletion both induce 3'UTR lengthening of overlapping mRNA targets (>50% in common), linking VIRMA-guided m6A deposition to alternative polyadenylation control. siRNA knockdown, RNA-seq, 3'UTR length analysis Cell discovery High 29507755
2019 KIAA1429 induces m6A methylation on the 3'UTR of GATA3 pre-mRNA, leading to displacement of the RNA-binding protein HuR and degradation of GATA3 pre-mRNA in hepatocellular carcinoma cells. A lncRNA GATA3-AS acts as a cis-acting element facilitating preferential KIAA1429 interaction with GATA3 pre-mRNA. MeRIP-seq, RIP-seq, RNA-seq, siRNA knockdown, mRNA stability assay Molecular cancer High 31856849
2019 KIAA1429 regulates CDK1 expression in breast cancer in an m6A-independent manner, as identified by RNA immunoprecipitation sequencing and functional rescue experiments. RIP-seq, siRNA knockdown, rescue experiment, in vivo xenograft Oncogene Medium 31285549
2019 KIAA1429 upregulates m6A modification of ID2 mRNA, inhibiting ID2 expression and thereby facilitating hepatocellular carcinoma migration and invasion. MeRIP-PCR, siRNA knockdown, transwell assays OncoTargets and therapy Low 31118692
2020 Oocyte-specific deletion of Kiaa1429 in mice decreases m6A levels in oocytes, impairs germinal vesicle breakdown and meiosis resumption, alters RNA metabolism, and primarily affects alternative splicing of genes associated with oogenesis, demonstrating an in vivo role for VIRMA-mediated m6A in folliculogenesis. Conditional knockout mouse, RNA-seq, m6A quantification, splice analysis Cell death and differentiation High 32094512
2020 VIRMA knockdown in prostate cancer cells decreases global m6A levels, attenuates malignant phenotype, and reduces stability and abundance of oncogenic lncRNAs CCAT1 and CCAT2, as shown by actinomycin D RNA stability assays and m6A/RNA co-immunoprecipitation. siRNA knockdown, ELISA for m6A, actinomycin D stability assay, RNA co-IP Cancers Medium 32218194
2020 KIAA1429 regulates c-Jun mRNA stability in gastric cancer in an m6A-independent manner, as shown by RIP assay and luciferase reporter, with c-Jun overexpression rescuing KIAA1429 knockdown-induced proliferation inhibition. RNA-seq, RIP assay, luciferase assay, rescue experiment Journal of cellular physiology Medium 32052427
2021 KIAA1429-mediated m6A modification of CHST11 mRNA recruits YTHDF2 to reduce CHST11 stability and expression, leading to inactivation of Hippo-YAP signaling in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. CRISPR/Cas9 KO, RNA-seq, MeRIP-seq, RIP assay, luciferase assay, RNA stability assay, Co-IP Cellular & molecular biology letters High 37076815
2021 VIRMA-mediated m6A modifications promote NSCLC progression via YTHDF2/3-dependent degradation of DAPK3 mRNA. Inhibition of DAPK3 rescued the tumor-suppressive phenotypes caused by VIRMA deficiency. siRNA knockdown, MeRIP-seq, RIP, rescue experiments, in vivo xenograft Cancer letters Medium 34520821
2021 KIAA1429 promotes breast cancer metastasis by directly binding to the 3'UTR of SMC1A mRNA and enhancing its stability (m6A-independent), and SMC1A then promotes SNAIL transcription to drive EMT. siRNA knockdown, RIP assay, m6A-independent mechanism validation, in vivo nude mouse model Molecular therapy. Nucleic acids Medium 34976433
2021 KIAA1429 and ALKBH5 oppositely regulate maturation of pri-miR-143-3p through m6A modification, with KIAA1429-mediated m6A enhancing pri-miR-143-3p processing by interaction with the microprocessor protein DGCR8, thereby regulating downstream target DDX6 and aortic dissection progression. Gain/loss-of-function, m6A sequencing, DGCR8 interaction assay, in vivo AngII model Frontiers in cell and developmental biology Medium 34490238
2021 CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knockdown of VIRMA in germ cell tumor cells disrupts the remaining methyltransferase complex and decreases global m6A abundance, increases sensitivity to cisplatin through enhanced DNA damage (higher γH2AX and GADD45B levels) and downregulation of DNA repair factors XLF and MRE11. CRISPR/Cas9 KD, m6A quantification, western blot for DNA damage markers, chorioallantoic membrane in vivo assay Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research : CR High 34446080
2021 m6A transferase KIAA1429 catalyzes m6A modification on LINC00958 loci, and LINC00958 then interacts with GLUT1 mRNA in an m6A-dependent manner to enhance GLUT1 mRNA stability and promote aerobic glycolysis in gastric cancer. MeRIP-seq, RIP assay, RNA stability assay, siRNA knockdown IUBMB life Medium 34409730
2022 KIAA1429 regulates BTG2 expression in an m6A-YTHDF2-dependent manner in lung adenocarcinoma: KIAA1429 knockdown decreases m6A levels of BTG2 mRNA, leading to enhanced YTHDF2-dependent BTG2 mRNA stability and increased BTG2 expression, suppressing tumorigenesis. MeRIP-seq, RNA-seq, m6A dot blot, RIP, RNA stability assay Cancer communications High 35730068
2022 KIAA1429 activates the JNK/MAPK pathway in lung adenocarcinoma by positively regulating MAP3K2 expression in an m6A methylation-dependent manner, promoting tumorigenesis and gefitinib resistance. siRNA knockdown, MeRIP, RNA-seq, in vivo xenograft, JNK/MAPK inhibitor assays Drug resistance updates Medium 36493511
2022 KIAA1429 promotes gastric cancer cisplatin resistance by stabilizing FOXM1 mRNA through YTHDF1-mediated m6A modification at the 3'UTR of FOXM1. p65 (NF-κB) was shown by ChIP to bind the KIAA1429 promoter and regulate its expression. shRNA knockdown, ChIP assay, RIP, m6A quantification, RNA stability assay, in vivo xenograft Cancers Medium 36291811
2022 KIAA1429 increases SIRT1 expression via regulating its mRNA stability in an m6A-dependent manner in colorectal cancer, promoting tumor growth and motility. shRNA knockdown, RNA stability assay, in vivo xenograft Cell death discovery Low 35217651
2022 KIAA1429 increases HK2 mRNA stability in colorectal cancer by binding the m6A site of HK2 mRNA in an m6A-independent manner, promoting aerobic glycolysis and carcinogenesis. siRNA knockdown, RIP, RNA stability assay Bioengineered Low 35546050
2022 KIAA1429 regulates alternative splicing profiles in hepatocellular carcinoma cells, with KIAA1429-bound transcripts (from RIP-seq) highly overlapping with regulated alternative splicing genes enriched in cell cycle and apoptosis pathways. RNA-seq, RIP-seq, multi-omics integration, clinical specimen validation Frontiers in oncology Medium 36505780
2022 USP29 mediates deubiquitination to stabilize KIAA1429 protein levels, and KIAA1429 in turn promotes SOX8 mRNA stability through m6A modification in colorectal cancer, as confirmed by Co-IP. Co-IP, siRNA knockdown, CCK-8, colony formation, EdU, in vivo xenograft Biomolecules & biomedicine Medium 36373629
2023 KIAA1429/VIRMA is mislocalized to the cytosol in breast cancer tissues and cell lines. The nuclear-enriched full-length VIRMA isoform (but not cytoplasmic N-terminal VIRMA) promotes m6A-dependent breast tumorigenesis. VIRMA overexpression upregulates m6A-modified NEAT1 lncRNA and enriches m6A on transcripts regulating the unfolded protein response (UPR), making cells more susceptible to death under stress. Isoform-specific overexpression, in vitro and in vivo tumorigenic assays, m6A profiling, subcellular fractionation Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS High 37208522
2023 KIAA1429/VIRMA binds to the m6A-dependent RNA-binding protein IGF2BP3, leading to recruitment and stabilization of m6A-modified HAS2 mRNA in breast cancer, promoting cancer growth. KIAA1429/VIRMA is mislocalized to the cytosol in breast cancer. shRNA knockdown, RIP, RNA stability assay, Co-IP/pulldown for VIRMA-IGF2BP3 interaction, subcellular fractionation EMBO reports High 37705505
2023 VIRMA mediates m6A methylation of E2F7 3'UTR, then IGF2BP2 binds and maintains E2F7 mRNA stability in nasopharyngeal carcinoma, driving E2F7-mediated transcription of ITGA2, ITGA5, and NTRK1 via cooperation with CBFB-RUNX1. Comprehensive m6A sequencing, RIP, RNA stability assay, high-throughput sequencing, in vitro and in vivo models The Journal of biological chemistry High 37028765
2023 KIAA1429 negatively regulates tumor suppressor RND3 by decreasing its mRNA stability in coordination with the m6A reader YTHDC1, facilitating HCC metastasis. KIAA1429 regulates RND3 m6A modification via its RNA binding domain. RNA-seq, MeRIP-seq, RIP, MeRIP-qPCR, luciferase assay, RNA stability assay Cancer letters Medium 38224863
2023 KIAA1429 promotes gastric cancer progression by destabilizing RASD1 mRNA in an m6A-YTHDF2-dependent manner; knockdown decreases m6A levels of RASD1 mRNA, enhancing YTHDF2-dependent RASD1 mRNA stability paradoxically (i.e., YTHDF2 here mediates degradation when KIAA1429 is active, shown by MeRIP-seq, RIP, and RNA stability assays). MeRIP-seq, RNA-seq, MeRIP-qPCR, dual luciferase assay, RNA stability assay, RIP, RNA pull-down Journal of translational medicine High 38902717
2023 VIRMA stabilizes TMED2 and PARD3B mRNA in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma via m6A modification recognized by the m6A reader HuR (not YTHDF proteins), promoting ICC proliferation and metastasis through Akt/GSK/β-catenin and MEK/ERK/Slug signaling pathways. High VIRMA expression in ICC is driven by demethylation of H3K27me3 at the VIRMA promoter. RNA-seq, MeRIP-seq, SLAM-seq, RIP, luciferase reporter, ChIP assay, in vitro/in vivo ICC models Journal of gastroenterology High 37391589
2023 HNRNPC recognizes VIRMA-installed m6A modification on TFAP2A mRNA, promoting TFAP2A expression and thereby DDR1 transcription in breast cancer, enhancing collagen fiber alignment and immune evasion. PAR-CLIP confirmed VIRMA binding to TFAP2A mRNA and RIP confirmed HNRNPC recognition. PAR-CLIP, RIP, Me-RIP, ChIP, dual-luciferase, in vivo mouse model Molecular medicine Medium 37528369
2023 KIAA1429 stabilizes RAB27B mRNA through the m6A/YTHDF1 axis in CML cells, promoting proliferation and drug efflux (imatinib resistance). Rucaparib was found to suppress KIAA1429 expression. siRNA knockdown, RIP, m6A quantification, RNA stability assay, in vivo xenograft Genes & diseases Medium 37692484
2023 KIAA1429 mediates m6A modification of PTGS2 mRNA, enhancing PTGS2 mRNA stability in nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells. MeRIP, mRNA stability assay, siRNA/overexpression, rescue experiment Critical reviews in immunology Low 37830191
2023 KIAA1429 promotes HCC cell ferroptosis resistance through m6A-dependent post-transcriptional modification of SLC7A11 (cystine/glutamate antiporter), as confirmed by RNA immunoprecipitation of KIAA1429 binding to m6A on SLC7A11 transcript and rescue with SLC7A11 overexpression. RIP, m6A inhibitor (cycloleucine), subcutaneous xenograft, ferroptosis markers Journal of cellular and molecular medicine Medium 37830241
2023 KIAA1429 mediates m6A modification of HOXA1 mRNA at its 3'UTR, enhancing HOXA1 mRNA stability and promoting gefitinib resistance in NSCLC. shRNA knockdown, in vivo xenograft, RNA stability assay targeting 3'-UTR Cell death discovery Low 34001850
2024 PTPRG physically interacts with VIRMA in mouse brains and upregulates VIRMA m6A methyltransferase activity, which inhibits translation of PRKN mRNA, suppressing mitophagy and leading to neuronal death in Alzheimer's disease models. Single-cell RNA-seq, spatial transcriptomics, Co-IP of PTPRG-VIRMA in mouse brain, 5×FAD mouse validation Pharmacological research Medium 38325728
2024 BRAF-mediated phosphorylation of KIAA1429 promotes its accumulation in the cytoplasm, where cytoplasmic KIAA1429 promotes Wnt pathway activation by binding and stabilizing FZD7, enhancing cancer stemness and oxaliplatin resistance in BRAF-mutated CRC. Nuclear-cytoplasmic distribution of KIAA1429 is regulated by BRAF phosphorylation. IP-MS, Co-IP, immunofluorescence, RIP, RNA-seq, in vitro/in vivo OXA-resistance models Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research : CR High 40611274
2024 TIP60 acetylates KIAA1429 at a specific site, promoting KDM5B expression in an m6A-YTHDF1-dependent manner, which then suppresses FoxO1 transcription and facilitates HCC immune evasion via PD-L1 upregulation. RNA pulldown, RIP, ChIP, and Co-IP validated these interactions. RNA pulldown, RIP, ChIP, Co-IP, m6A dot blot, MeRIP-qPCR, flow cytometry, in vivo NOD/SCID model Cell death discovery Medium 40301310
2024 CAF-derived EV-packaged circTAX1BP1 binds to VIRMA and promotes its lactylation at lysine residue 1713 by recruiting AARS2, thereby enhancing m6A-based modification and stability of SP1 mRNA and promoting colorectal liver metastasis. Co-IP, mass spectrometry, site-specific lactylation identification, MeRIP, RNA stability assay, in vivo PDX model Advanced science High 41017455
2024 KIAA1429 promotes osteoclast differentiation inhibition and protects against osteoporosis by mediating m6A modification of Lrp4 mRNA; YTHDC1 reads the m6A mark to increase Lrp4 stability and expression, with LRP4 then recruiting TNFAIP3 to inactivate NF-κB signaling. scRNA-seq, RNA-seq, MeRIP-qPCR, RIP, in vitro osteoclast assays, OVX mouse model Cellular & molecular biology letters Medium 41146006
2024 KIAA1429 cooperates with the m6A reader HuR to enhance HK1 mRNA stability in liver cancer, promoting the Warburg effect; KIAA1429 directly binds HK1 mRNA via m6A modification sites as shown by MeRIP-seq and RIP-seq. RNA-seq, MeRIP-seq, RIP, RNA stability assay, in vivo xenograft Biochemical pharmacology Medium 38996929
2024 EET-induced N6-methyladenosine methylation of the transcription factor MAF via the DNA-CCDC25-VIRMA pathway enhances MAF mRNA stability and promotes Tfh cell differentiation in bullous pemphigoid. RNA sequencing, MeRIP, RNA stability assay, Co-IP, neutralizing antibody experiments, in vivo BP mouse model The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology Medium 39490750
2024 VIRMA promotes glycolysis and tumor progression in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma by m6A-dependent upregulation of STRA6 mRNA via 3'UTR targeting; IGF2BP2 critically contributes to STRA6 mRNA stability, and the STRA6/STAT3 axis increases HIF-1α levels. RNA-seq, m6A-seq, RIP, RNA stability assay, in vivo and in vitro functional assays Cancer letters Medium 38604311
2025 VIRMA-mediated m6A modification is essential for ribosome biogenesis in neural progenitor/stem cells during forebrain development. VIRMA depletion destabilizes the entire writer complex, reduces m6A levels, impairs ribosome biogenesis by inhibiting mRNA decay, triggers p53-dependent stress response, and compromises global protein synthesis, causing forebrain developmental defects. Conditional KO, ribosome profiling, RNA stability assay, proteomic analysis, in vivo brain development phenotype Science advances High 40577453
2025 FEZF1-AS1 lncRNA binds to IGF2BP3, which enhances KIAA1429 mRNA stability and expression; KIAA1429 then facilitates m6A modification on OTUB1 mRNA, promoting OTUB1 expression through YTHDF1; OTUB1 stabilizes SLC7A11 by deubiquitination, suppressing ferroptosis in multiple myeloma. RNA pulldown, RIP, Co-IP, ubiquitination assay, m6A quantification, MeRIP, RNA stability assay Human cell Medium 41085851
2025 IL-6 activates KIAA1429 expression through the JAK1/STAT3 pathway in endometrial cancer; KIAA1429 then installs m6A modification on DDIT3 mRNA, promoting its degradation and inhibiting ferroptosis, as validated by RIP, m6A stability assay, and FISH. RIP, RNA stability assay, FISH, dot blot, MeRIP, in vivo xenograft Cellular signalling Medium 40436288
2025 Alcohol increases C/EBPβ expression, which binds to VIRMA's promoter and enhances its transcription; VIRMA then facilitates SLC43A2 mRNA degradation through an m6A-YTHDF2 pathway, reducing phenylalanine absorption and oxidative stress to drive PDAC progression. ChIP, MeRIP, RNA stability assay, RIP, in vitro/in vivo functional assays Oncogene Medium 39900725
2026 VIRMA-mediated m6A modification and IGF2BP3-dependent interaction collectively maintain ANLN mRNA stability in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma; ANLN activates RhoA signaling, which inhibits the Hippo pathway, forming a YAP1-TEAD1-ANLN positive feedback loop promoting ICC growth. MeRIP, RIP, RNA stability assay, bioinformatic analysis, in vitro/in vivo ICC models, clinical cohort validation Cell death & disease Medium 41513610
2025 KIAA1429 directly binds the 3'UTR of MYC mRNA and catalyzes site-specific m6A methylation, enhancing MYC mRNA stability and protein expression in clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Functional assays, in vivo xenograft, RIP, m6A site mapping at 3'UTR iScience Medium 41907423

Source papers

Stage 0 corpus · 100 papers · ranked by NIH iCite citations
Year Title Journal Citations PMID
2018 VIRMA mediates preferential m6A mRNA methylation in 3'UTR and near stop codon and associates with alternative polyadenylation. Cell discovery 822 29507755
2019 KIAA1429 contributes to liver cancer progression through N6-methyladenosine-dependent post-transcriptional modification of GATA3. Molecular cancer 364 31856849
2019 KIAA1429 acts as an oncogenic factor in breast cancer by regulating CDK1 in an N6-methyladenosine-independent manner. Oncogene 170 31285549
2019 KIAA1429 regulates the migration and invasion of hepatocellular carcinoma by altering m6A modification of ID2 mRNA. OncoTargets and therapy 131 31118692
2020 Oocyte competence is maintained by m6A methyltransferase KIAA1429-mediated RNA metabolism during mouse follicular development. Cell death and differentiation 100 32094512
2020 circ_KIAA1429 accelerates hepatocellular carcinoma advancement through the mechanism of m6A-YTHDF3-Zeb1. Life sciences 96 32653519
2020 KIAA1429 regulates cell proliferation by targeting c-Jun messenger RNA directly in gastric cancer. Journal of cellular physiology 89 32052427
2022 KIAA1429 promotes tumorigenesis and gefitinib resistance in lung adenocarcinoma by activating the JNK/ MAPK pathway in an m6A-dependent manner. Drug resistance updates : reviews and commentaries in antimicrobial and anticancer chemotherapy 76 36493511
2020 VIRMA-Dependent N6-Methyladenosine Modifications Regulate the Expression of Long Non-Coding RNAs CCAT1 and CCAT2 in Prostate Cancer. Cancers 71 32218194
2021 Role of m6A methyltransferase component VIRMA in multiple human cancers (Review). Cancer cell international 65 33731118
2022 Gene amplification-driven RNA methyltransferase KIAA1429 promotes tumorigenesis by regulating BTG2 via m6A-YTHDF2-dependent in lung adenocarcinoma. Cancer communications (London, England) 61 35730068
2021 m6 A transferase KIAA1429-stabilized LINC00958 accelerates gastric cancer aerobic glycolysis through targeting GLUT1. IUBMB life 61 34409730
2019 m6A RNA modification and its writer/reader VIRMA/YTHDF3 in testicular germ cell tumors: a role in seminoma phenotype maintenance. Journal of translational medicine 51 30866959
2021 VIRMA contributes to non-small cell lung cancer progression via N6-methyladenosine-dependent DAPK3 post-transcriptional modification. Cancer letters 50 34520821
2021 SMC1A regulated by KIAA1429 in m6A-independent manner promotes EMT progress in breast cancer. Molecular therapy. Nucleic acids 45 34976433
2021 The component of the m6A writer complex VIRMA is implicated in aggressive tumor phenotype, DNA damage response and cisplatin resistance in germ cell tumors. Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research : CR 41 34446080
2022 The biological function of m6A methyltransferase KIAA1429 and its role in human disease. PeerJ 39 36389416
2023 KIAA1429-mediated m6A modification of CHST11 promotes progression of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma by regulating Hippo-YAP pathway. Cellular & molecular biology letters 36 37076815
2022 N6-methyladenosine methyltransferase KIAA1429 elevates colorectal cancer aerobic glycolysis via HK2-dependent manner. Bioengineered 31 35546050
2022 m6A Methyltransferase KIAA1429 Regulates the Cisplatin Sensitivity of Gastric Cancer Cells via Stabilizing FOXM1 mRNA. Cancers 31 36291811
2021 N6-methyladenosine (m6A) methyltransferase KIAA1429 accelerates the gefitinib resistance of non-small-cell lung cancer. Cell death discovery 31 34001850
2023 HNRNPC promotes collagen fiber alignment and immune evasion in breast cancer via activation of the VIRMA-mediated TFAP2A/DDR1 axis. Molecular medicine (Cambridge, Mass.) 29 37528369
2022 m6A methyltransferase KIAA1429 acts as an oncogenic factor in colorectal cancer by regulating SIRT1 in an m6A-dependent manner. Cell death discovery 27 35217651
2022 N6-methyladenine- induced LINC00667 promoted breast cancer progression through m6A/KIAA1429 positive feedback loop. Bioengineered 25 36700472
2024 KIAA1429 facilitates metastasis via m6A-YTHDC1-dependent RND3 down-regulation in hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Cancer letters 24 38224863
2020 KIAA1429 promotes the progression of lung adenocarcinoma by regulating the m6A level of MUC3A. Pathology, research and practice 24 33249400
2023 KIAA1429/VIRMA promotes breast cancer progression by m6 A-dependent cytosolic HAS2 stabilization. EMBO reports 23 37705505
2023 CCL3 secreted by hepatocytes promotes the metastasis of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma by VIRMA-mediated N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification. Journal of translational medicine 22 36691046
2024 Single-cell and spatial transcriptomics reveals that PTPRG activates the m6A methyltransferase VIRMA to block mitophagy-mediated neuronal death in Alzheimer's disease. Pharmacological research 21 38325728
2023 VIRMA promotes nasopharyngeal carcinoma, tumorigenesis, and metastasis by upregulation of E2F7 in an m6A-dependent manner. The Journal of biological chemistry 21 37028765
2023 m6A methyltransferase KIAA1429 accelerates oral squamous cell carcinoma via regulating glycolysis and ferroptosis. Translational oncology 21 37517144
2023 N6-methyladenosine methyltransferase KIAA1429 promoted ovarian cancer aerobic glycolysis and progression through enhancing ENO1 expression. Biology direct 21 37807062
2024 KIAA1429 promotes gastric cancer progression by destabilizing RASD1 mRNA in an m6A-YTHDF2-dependent manner. Journal of translational medicine 20 38902717
2021 KIAA1429 and ALKBH5 Oppositely Influence Aortic Dissection Progression via Regulating the Maturation of Pri-miR-143-3p in an m6A-Dependent Manner. Frontiers in cell and developmental biology 19 34490238
2020 KIAA1429 promotes osteosarcoma progression by promoting stem cell properties and is regulated by miR-143-3p. Cell cycle (Georgetown, Tex.) 19 32286148
2023 Promotive role of USP29-mediated deubiquitination in malignant proliferation of colorectal cancer cells via the KIAA1429/SOX8 axis. Biomolecules & biomedicine 17 36373629
2023 Silencing of m6A methyltransferase KIAA1429 suppresses the progression of non-small cell lung cancer by promoting the p53 signaling pathway and ferroptosis. American journal of cancer research 16 38058803
2022 N6-methyladenosine (m6A) writer KIAA1429 accelerates gastric cancer oxaliplatin chemoresistance by targeting FOXM1. Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology 16 36326914
2022 KIAA1429 mediates epithelial mesenchymal transition in sorafenib-resistant hepatocellular carcinoma through m6A methylation modification. Cancer medicine 16 36420693
2024 Glycolysis and tumor progression promoted by the m6A writer VIRMA via m6A-dependent upregulation of STRA6 in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Cancer letters 15 38604311
2024 KIAA1429 increases FOXM1 expression through YTHDF1-mediated m6A modification to promote aerobic glycolysis and tumorigenesis in multiple myeloma. Cell biology and toxicology 15 39060874
2023 KIAA1429 protects hepatocellular carcinoma cells from ferroptotic cell death with a m6 A-dependent posttranscriptional modification of SLC7A11. Journal of cellular and molecular medicine 15 37830241
2022 Melatonin enhances spermatogonia activity through promoting KIAA1429-mediated m6A deposition to activate the PI3K/AKT signaling. Reproductive biology 13 35987159
2024 Small HBV surface antigen drives regorafenib resistance in HCC via KIAA1429-dependent m6A modification of CCR9. Journal of medical virology 12 39206838
2024 N6-Methyladenosine Methyltransferase Component KIAA1429 Is a Potential Target of Cancer Therapy. Biomolecules 12 39456252
2023 Overexpression of VIRMA confers vulnerability to breast cancers via the m6A-dependent regulation of unfolded protein response. Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS 12 37208522
2023 The role and mechanism of JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway regulated by m6A methyltransferase KIAA1429 in osteosarcoma. Journal of bone oncology 11 36915895
2023 The m6A regulator KIAA1429 stabilizes RAB27B mRNA and promotes the progression of chronic myeloid leukemia and resistance to targeted therapy. Genes & diseases 11 37692484
2023 VIRMA Facilitates Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Progression via Increasing m6A-Dependent KIF15 Expression. Discovery medicine 11 37811616
2023 Circular RNA circ_KIAA1429 accelerates hepatocellular carcinoma progression via the miR-133a-3p/high mobility group AT-hook 2 (HMGA2) axis in an m6A-dependent manner. Human cell 10 37368192
2024 VIRMA promotes the progression of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma by regulating UBR5 mRNA and m6A levels. Biomolecules & biomedicine 9 38577917
2023 KIAA1429 promotes infantile hemangioma regression by facilitating the stemness of hemangioma endothelial cells. Cancer science 9 36572002
2023 CRISPR-Cas9 knockout screening identifies KIAA1429 as an essential gene in Ewing sarcoma. Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research : CR 9 37759224
2023 lncRNA POU6F2-AS1 Regulated by KIAA1429 Contributes to Colorectal Cancer Progression in an m6A Modification Manner. Molecular biotechnology 9 38103097
2022 Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) VIRMA as an N6-Methyladenosine RNA Methylation Regulator Participates in Controlling Chloroplast-Dependent and Independent Leaf Development. International journal of molecular sciences 9 36077287
2022 KIAA1429 regulates alternative splicing events of cancer-related genes in hepatocellular carcinoma. Frontiers in oncology 9 36505780
2024 The m6 RNA methylation regulator KIAA1429 is associated with autophagy-mediated drug resistance in lung cancer. FASEB bioAdvances 8 38585432
2024 KIAA1429 regulates lung adenocarcinoma proliferation and metastasis through the PI3K/AKT pathway by modulating ARHGAP30 expression. Thoracic cancer 8 38717936
2024 Role and mechanism of KIAA1429 in regulating cellular ferroptosis and radioresistance in colorectal cancer. Biomolecules & biomedicine 8 38843497
2024 KIAA1429 Induces m6A Modification of LINC01106 to Enhance the Malignancy of Lung Adenocarcinoma Cells via the JAK/STAT3 Pathway. Critical reviews in immunology 8 38848293
2024 Clinical Significance and Potential Mechanisms of the RNA Methyltransferase KIAA1429 in Osteosarcoma. Journal of Cancer 7 38164289
2024 Inhibition of KIAA1429/HK1 axis enhances the sensitivity of liver cancer cells to sorafenib by regulating the Warburg effect. Biochemical pharmacology 7 38996929
2023 VIRMA facilitates intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma progression through epigenetic augmentation of TMED2 and PARD3B mRNA stabilization. Journal of gastroenterology 7 37391589
2023 VIRMA promotes neuron apoptosis via inducing m6A methylation of STK10 in spinal cord injury animal models. CNS neuroscience & therapeutics 7 37721438
2023 KIAA1429 Promotes Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Progression by Mediating m6A Modification of PTGS2. Critical reviews in immunology 7 37830191
2024 The three YTHDF paralogs and VIRMA are strong cross-histotype tumor driver candidates among m6A core genes. NAR cancer 6 39411658
2022 m6A 'writer' KIAA1429 regulates the proliferation and migration of endothelial cells in atherosclerosis. Molecular biotechnology 6 36463391
2025 Alcohol-induced C/EBP β-driven VIRMA decreases oxidative stress and promotes pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma growth and metastasis via the m6A/YTHDF2/SLC43A2 pathway. Oncogene 5 39900725
2025 Extracellular Vesicle-Packaged circTAX1BP1 from Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts Regulates RNA m6A Modification through Lactylation of VIRMA in Colorectal Cancer Cells. Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) 5 41017455
2024 KIAA1429-mediated RXFP1 attenuates non-small cell lung cancer tumorigenesis via N6-methyladenosine modification. Cancer biomarkers : section A of Disease markers 5 38427468
2024 Inhibin A contributes to the tumorigenesis of oral squamous cell carcinoma by KIAA1429-mediated m6A modification. Journal of oral pathology & medicine : official publication of the International Association of Oral Pathologists and the American Academy of Oral Pathology 5 38531807
2024 Silencing of KIAA1429, a N6-methyladenine methyltransferase, inhibits the progression of colon adenocarcinoma via blocking the hypoxia-inducible factor 1 signalling pathway. Journal of biochemical and molecular toxicology 5 39215765
2024 The m6A writer KIAA1429 regulates photoaging progression via MFAP4-dependent collagen synthesis. BMC biology 5 39256796
2025 m6A transferase KIAA1429 mediates the upregulation of LncRNA LINC00968 promoting the progression of gastric cancer cells. Hereditas 4 40069867
2025 Phosphorylation of KIAA1429 promotes oxaliplatin resistance through activating the FZD7-Wnt signaling in BRAFV600E-mutated colorectal cancer. Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research : CR 4 40611274
2024 KIAA1429 promotes the malignancy of oral squamous cell carcinoma by regulating CA9 m6A methylation. Cytotechnology 4 39188646
2024 Eosinophil extracellular traps drive T follicular helper cell differentiation via VIRMA-dependent MAF stabilization in bullous pemphigoid. The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology 4 39490750
2025 KIAA1429 Promotes Keloid Formation Through the TGF-Β1/Smad Pathway. Current molecular medicine 3 39513311
2025 The regulatory role of KIAA1429 in epithelial-mesenchymal transition in cervical cancer via mediating m6A modification of BTG2. Cytotechnology 3 39760059
2025 IL-6/KIAA1429 promotes ferroptosis resistance in endometrial cancer through m6A modification of DDIT3. Cellular signalling 3 40436288
2024 Mechanism of the KIAA1429/KLF1/PD-L1 Axis in Regulating Immune Escape in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer. Cell biochemistry and biophysics 3 39499390
2023 KIAA1429 facilitates progression of hepatocellular carcinoma by modulating m6A levels in HPN. Heliyon 3 38058614
2025 Acetylated KIAA1429 by TIP60 facilitates metastasis and immune evasion of hepatocellular carcinoma via N6-methyladenosine-KDM5B-mediated regulation of FoxO1. Cell death discovery 2 40301310
2025 VIRMA-mediated m6A modification regulates forebrain formation through modulating ribosome biogenesis. Science advances 2 40577453
2025 The Multifaceted Role of VIRMA, a Core Component of the Methyltransferase Complex, in Cancer and Cancer Therapy. Biomolecules 2 40723784
2025 Long non-coding RNA FEZF1-AS1 suppresses ferroptosis in multiple myeloma cells through KIAA1429-mediated m6A modification. Human cell 2 41085851
2024 Hepatitis B Virus X Protein Contributes to Hepatocellular Carcinoma via Upregulation of KIAA1429 Methyltransferase and mRNA m6A Hypermethylation of HSPG2/Perlecan. Molecular carcinogenesis 2 39412412
2024 The methyltransferase KIAA1429 potentiates cervical cancer tumorigenesis via modulating LARP1 mRNA m6A modification and stability. Histology and histopathology 2 39558874
2025 VIRMA-Mediated the m6A Methylation of SCD Facilitates Wilms' Tumor Progression via AMPK Pathway. DNA and cell biology 1 40040483
2025 VIRMA Accelerates the Tumorigenesis of Prostate Cancer via Regulating the m6A Modification of NSMCE2 to Eliminate the Generation of Reactive Oxygen Species. International journal of urology : official journal of the Japanese Urological Association 1 40459180
2025 KIAA1429 promotes non-small-cell lung cancer cell proliferation through the TRERNA1/HOXA6 axis. Scientific reports 1 40640307
2025 KIAA1429 Silencing ameliorates osteosarcoma progression through promoting ferroptosis via Nrf2/NQO1 axis. Inflammation research : official journal of the European Histamine Research Society ... [et al.] 1 40844619
2025 KIAA1429-mediated M6A methylation inhibits osteoclast differentiation via stabilizing Lrp4 mRNA and protects against osteoporosis. Cellular & molecular biology letters 1 41146006
2024 Hirschsprung's disease: m6A methylase VIRMA suppresses cell migration and proliferation by regulating GSK3β. Pediatric research 1 38658662
2026 VIRMA/IGF2BP3-mediated ANLN upregulation promotes intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma growth by forming a positive feedback loop with RhoA/YAP1/TEAD1 signaling pathway. Cell death & disease 0 41513610
2026 KIAA1429 promotes clear cell renal cell carcinoma progression by regulating MYC mRNA stability. iScience 0 41907423
2025 VIRMA promotes NSCLC progression by modifying ADAR m6A and increasing the activity of the TGF-β signaling pathway. Scientific reports 0 40254620
2025 The Role and Mechanism of KIAA1429-Mediated m6A Modification in Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma. Molecular carcinogenesis 0 40705960
2025 KIAA1429 Induces the Tumorigenesis of Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma via Regulating the N6-Methyladenosine Modification of Thymosin Beta-10. DNA and cell biology 0 40982309
2025 KIAA1429 in non-small cell lung cancer: bridging m6A epigenetics to therapeutic innovation. Frontiers in surgery 0 41190085