Affinage

RNF40

E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase BRE1B · UniProt O75150

Length
1001 aa
Mass
113.7 kDa
Annotated
2026-04-28
40 papers in source corpus 24 papers cited in narrative 24 extracted findings

Mechanistic narrative

Synthesis pass · prose summary of the discoveries below

RNF40 is an E3 ubiquitin ligase that heterodimerizes with RNF20 to catalyze monoubiquitination of histone H2B at lysine 120 (H2Bub1), a modification central to transcriptional elongation, chromatin remodeling, and DNA double-strand break repair. Cryo-EM and crystal structures show that the RNF20/RNF40 RING heterodimer engages the E2 enzyme RAD6A (UBE2B) and directly contacts nucleosomal DNA, positioning the E2 above the target lysine through an uncanonical RING–E2 interface; the cofactor WAC is integral to complex activity (PMID:37633270, PMID:27569044, PMID:41533567). Loss of RNF40 causes aberrant R-loop accumulation and replication-associated DNA breaks, impairs homologous recombination and class-switch recombination via reduced FACT recruitment, and dysregulates trans-histone crosstalk with H3K4me3 at genes controlling differentiation, apoptosis, NF-κB signaling, and peroxisomal biogenesis (PMID:22354749, PMID:22031019, PMID:30692271, PMID:33070155, PMID:30321325). Beyond histones, RNF40 polyubiquitinates non-histone substrates including LIMA1 (proteasomal degradation, lipid metabolism), Parkin (K48-linked, inhibiting mitophagy), and KDM6A (K6/K11-linked, autophagic degradation regulating viral receptor expression) (PMID:38909032, PMID:39777866, PMID:41691482).

Mechanistic history

Synthesis pass · year-by-year structured walk · 11 steps
  1. 2011 High

    Establishing that RNF20 and RNF40 form a stable heterodimeric E3 ligase for H2B K120 monoubiquitination, with the tumor suppressor CDC73 required for maintaining H2Bub1 levels, defined the core enzymatic identity of the complex.

    Evidence Yeast two-hybrid, co-IP, knockdown, and western blot in human cells

    PMID:22021426

    Open questions at the time
    • Structural basis of heterodimer assembly not yet resolved
    • Catalytic contribution of each RING domain unknown
    • Mechanism by which CDC73 promotes H2Bub1 unclear
  2. 2011 High

    Demonstrating that RNF40 depletion impairs FACT recruitment, H3K56 acetylation, and DNA end resection after DSBs established a direct role for H2Bub1 in the DNA damage response beyond transcription.

    Evidence siRNA knockdown with γH2AX immunofluorescence, chromatin fractionation, and end resection assays

    PMID:22031019

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether RNF40 is recruited to damage sites or acts globally was unresolved
    • Relative contributions of HR vs NHEJ pathways not separated
  3. 2012 High

    Linking RNF20/RNF40 deficiency to aberrant R-loop formation and replication-associated DSBs revealed that H2Bub1 maintains genomic stability by suppressing co-transcriptional R-loops.

    Evidence Loss-of-function cells with R-loop detection, DSB assays, and genomic rearrangement analysis

    PMID:22354749

    Open questions at the time
    • Mechanism by which H2Bub1 suppresses R-loops not determined
    • Whether R-loop suppression requires FACT or other downstream effectors unknown
  4. 2016 High

    Solving the crystal structure of the RNF20 RING domain and demonstrating that the RNF20/RNF40 RING heterodimer is catalytically active with UBE2B provided the first atomic-level view of the E3 architecture.

    Evidence X-ray crystallography with mutagenesis and in vitro ubiquitination assays

    PMID:27569044

    Open questions at the time
    • Structure of the full heterodimer on a nucleosome substrate not yet available
    • Role of WAC in E3 activity not structurally characterized
  5. 2019 High

    Genetic knockout of RNF20/RNF40 in mouse B cells confirmed their requirement for both HR and class-switch recombination (NHEJ), and showed that DSB-induced global H2Bub1 increase is regulated by ATM/ATR independently of γH2AX.

    Evidence Conditional KO in mouse B cells with CSR, HR assays, and kinase inhibitor treatment

    PMID:30692271

    Open questions at the time
    • Identity of RNF20/RNF40 phosphorylation sites regulated by ATM/ATR unknown
    • Whether this pathway operates identically in non-lymphoid cells untested
  6. 2019 Medium

    Demonstrating that RNF40 loss reduces NF-κB nuclear translocation and that intestinal Rnf40 deletion protects against colitis connected H2Bub1 to inflammatory signaling in vivo.

    Evidence siRNA knockdown with NF-κB immunofluorescence, mRNA-seq, and colon-specific Rnf40 KO colitis model

    PMID:30321325

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct vs indirect mechanism linking H2Bub1 to NF-κB nuclear import unresolved
    • Contribution of non-histone RNF40 substrates to the colitis phenotype not examined
  7. 2020 Medium

    Multiple tissue-specific knockout studies established that RNF40-mediated H2Bub1 drives trans-histone crosstalk with H3K4me3 to control lineage-specific gene programs in osteoblasts, mammary epithelium, and during iPSC reprogramming.

    Evidence Conditional KO mice (osteoblast, mammary) and knockdown in reprogramming with ChIP-seq for H2Bub1/H3K4me3/H3K27me3 and transcriptomics

    PMID:32341358 PMID:32901120 PMID:33070155

    Open questions at the time
    • How H2Bub1 mechanistically promotes H3K4 methylation (direct recruitment of COMPASS vs chromatin opening) remains unresolved
    • Whether all H2Bub1-dependent genes require the same downstream methyltransferase complex unknown
  8. 2023 High

    The cryo-EM structure of the RNF20/RNF40–RAD6A–Ub–nucleosome complex revealed that RNF40 directly contacts nucleosomal DNA and identified an uncanonical RING–E2 interface that positions RAD6A above H2B K120, providing the definitive structural mechanism for substrate targeting.

    Evidence Chemical trapping strategy with cryo-EM at near-atomic resolution and mutagenesis validation

    PMID:37633270

    Open questions at the time
    • How WAC binding modulates the nucleosome-engaged conformation not structurally resolved
    • Dynamics of the catalytic cycle (product release, processivity) not captured
  9. 2024 Medium

    Identification of LIMA1 as a non-histone RNF40 substrate targeted for proteasomal degradation expanded RNF40 function beyond chromatin to regulation of cholesterol absorption and lipid metabolism.

    Evidence Co-IP, domain mapping, ubiquitination assay, proteasome inhibitor rescue, and lipid content measurement

    PMID:38909032

    Open questions at the time
    • Ubiquitin chain type on LIMA1 not determined
    • In vivo relevance for lipid metabolism not tested in animal models
    • Whether RNF20 is required as co-E3 for LIMA1 ubiquitination unknown
  10. 2025 Medium

    Discovery that RNF40 catalyzes K6/K11-linked polyubiquitination of KDM6A for autophagic degradation and K48-linked polyubiquitination of Parkin for proteasomal degradation revealed substrate-specific ubiquitin chain-type selectivity in its non-histone functions.

    Evidence Ubiquitin linkage analysis, co-IP, autophagy/mitophagy assays, and in vivo Rnf40 knockdown in hypertensive rats

    PMID:39777866 PMID:41691482

    Open questions at the time
    • How RNF40 switches between monoubiquitination (H2B) and polyubiquitination (non-histone substrates) is mechanistically unexplained
    • Whether different E2 enzymes direct chain-type specificity for non-histone substrates unknown
    • Each non-histone substrate identified by a single lab; independent replication pending
  11. 2026 High

    Structural characterization of H2B S112 GlcNAcylation's allosteric enhancement of H2Bub1 and the WAC–RNF20/RNF40 interaction interface refined the catalytic mechanism by revealing crosstalk between histone modifications and cofactor-mediated complex assembly.

    Evidence Cryo-EM of GlcNAc-modified nucleosome complex with kinetics; crystal structure of Bre1-Lge1 with AlphaFold modeling of RNF20/RNF40-WAC and in vitro/in vivo validation

    PMID:41495224 PMID:41533567

    Open questions at the time
    • Physiological regulation of H2B S112 GlcNAcylation in vivo not established
    • Full-length RNF20/RNF40-WAC complex structure on nucleosome not yet solved experimentally

Open questions

Synthesis pass · forward-looking unresolved questions
  • The mechanism by which RNF40 switches between monoubiquitination of histones and polyubiquitination of non-histone substrates with different chain types, and the identity of the full repertoire of non-histone substrates, remain open questions.
  • E2 enzyme(s) used for non-histone substrate polyubiquitination not identified
  • No systematic unbiased substrate screen for RNF40 published
  • Structural basis for non-histone substrate recognition unknown

Mechanism profile

Synthesis pass · controlled-vocabulary classification · explore literature graph →
Molecular activity
GO:0140096 catalytic activity, acting on a protein 9 GO:0016874 ligase activity 3 GO:0003677 DNA binding 1
Localization
GO:0005634 nucleus 4 GO:0005694 chromosome 3
Pathway
R-HSA-4839726 Chromatin organization 6 R-HSA-74160 Gene expression (Transcription) 5 R-HSA-73894 DNA Repair 4 R-HSA-168256 Immune System 3 R-HSA-392499 Metabolism of proteins 3 R-HSA-5357801 Programmed Cell Death 2
Partners
CDC73KDM6ALIMA1PRKNRNF20RTF1UBE2BWAC
Complex memberships
RNF20/RNF40 (BRE1) E3 ligase complexRNF20/RNF40/WAC complex

Evidence

Reading pass · 24 per-paper findings extracted from the source corpus
Year Finding Method Journal Conf PMIDs
2023 Cryo-EM structure of the RNF20/RNF40-hRAD6A-Ub-nucleosome complex (captured via chemical trapping) revealed that RNF40 directly binds nucleosomal DNA and exhibits a conserved E3/E2/nucleosome interaction pattern for H2B monoubiquitylation at K120; an uncanonical non-hydrophobic contact in the RING-E2 interface positions RAD6A directly above the target H2B lysine residue. Chemical trapping strategy + cryo-EM structure determination + mutagenesis Molecular cell High 37633270
2016 Crystal structure of the RNF20 RING domain shows it forms a homodimer that specifically interacts with the Ube2B~Ub conjugate; the RING domains of RNF20 and RNF40 can form a stable heterodimer that is catalytically active; key contacts at the E3-E2 and E3-ubiquitin interfaces were identified by mutagenesis. X-ray crystallography + mutagenesis of E3-E2 and E3-ubiquitin interfaces + in vitro ubiquitination assay Journal of molecular biology High 27569044
2026 Cryo-EM structure of RNF20/RNF40-RAD6A-Ub-H2BS112GlcNAc nucleosome complex showed that H2B S112 GlcNAcylation interacts with the E2 enzyme RAD6A (not the E3 RNF20/RNF40), allosterically enhancing the nucleophilicity of H2B K120 to stimulate ubiquitin transfer; structure-activity relationship identified the C2 N-acetyl group and β-configuration of C1 as essential. Chemical synthesis of modified nucleosomes + cryo-EM + mutagenesis + kinetics assays Nature chemical biology High 41495224
2026 Crystal structure of the Bre1-Lge1 complex and AlphaFold model of RNF20/RNF40-WAC revealed extensive interaction interfaces; in vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrated that RNF20/RNF40-WAC interactions are critical for H2B monoubiquitination, with different electrostatic contacts encoding binding specificity compared to yeast Bre1-Lge1. X-ray crystallography (Bre1-Lge1) + AlphaFold modeling (RNF20/RNF40-WAC) + in vitro ubiquitination assay + in vivo functional experiments Nucleic acids research High 41533567
2012 RNF20/RNF40 (mammalian Bre1 complex) functions as the E3 ubiquitin ligase for histone H2B monoubiquitination; deficiency leads to aberrant R-loop formation causing replication-associated double-strand breaks, combined with a defect in homologous recombination, resulting in chromosomal instability. Loss-of-function (Bre1-deficient cells) + detection of R-loops, DSBs, and genomic rearrangements Cancer research High 22354749
2011 RNF20 and RNF40 form a heterodimeric E3 ubiquitin ligase complex that monoubiquitinates histone H2B at lysine 120; the tumor suppressor CDC73 interacts with both RNF20 and RNF40 at discrete but closely located residues and is required for maintenance of H2Bub1 levels. Yeast two-hybrid + co-immunoprecipitation + knockdown of CDC73 + western blot for H2Bub1 Human molecular genetics High 22021426
2011 RNF40 depletion results in sustained γH2AX phosphorylation, decreased rapid cell cycle checkpoint activation, decreased H3K56ac, and decreased recruitment of the FACT complex (specifically SUPT16H) to chromatin following DNA DSBs; RNF40 and SUPT16H cooperate to promote DNA end resection and timely DNA repair. siRNA knockdown + immunofluorescence for γH2AX + western blot for H3K56ac + chromatin fractionation + DNA end resection assay Cell cycle High 22031019
2014 Arsenite directly binds to the RING finger domains of RNF20 and RNF40 via cysteine residues in vitro and in cells, inhibiting H2B ubiquitination and impairing recruitment of BRCA1 and RAD51 to DNA DSB sites, thereby compromising DNA DSB repair. In vitro binding assay + cellular arsenite treatment + ChIP for BRCA1/RAD51 recruitment + comet assay/western blot for DSB repair Journal of the American Chemical Society High 25170678
2019 RNF20 and RNF40 are required for DSB repair via both homologous recombination and class switch recombination (NHEJ) in mouse B cells; DSBs induce a global increase in H2Bub1 regulated jointly by ATM and ATR kinases, independently of H2AX phosphorylation. RNF20/RNF40 knockout in mouse B cells + class switch recombination assay + HR assay + western blot + ATM/ATR inhibitor treatment Molecular and cellular biology High 30692271
2011 RNF20 and RNF40 physically and functionally interact with the androgen receptor (AR) and modulate its transcriptional activity; androgen induction of FKBP51 and PSA is accompanied by dynamic increases in H2Bub1 within transcribed regions of these loci. Co-immunoprecipitation + reporter assay + ChIP for H2Bub1 at AR target loci Molecular and cellular endocrinology Medium 22155569
2017 RNF20, RNF40, and WAC form an E3 ligase complex that mediates H2B ubiquitination; knockdown of WAC phenocopies loss of H2B ubiquitination and causes cell death in MLL-rearranged ALL cells. siRNA knockdown + western blot for H2Bub1 + cell viability assay Leukemia Medium 28690313
2019 RNF40 loss decreases nuclear localization of NF-κB following TNF-α treatment in colorectal cancer cells, reducing induction of NF-κB-associated cytokines; colon-specific Rnf40 deletion exerts a protective effect in a murine model of acute colitis. siRNA knockdown + immunofluorescence for NF-κB nuclear localization + mRNA-seq + in vivo colitis model with colon-specific Rnf40 knockout Journal of Crohn's & colitis Medium 30321325
2019 RNF40 depletion in colorectal cancer cells increases apoptosis via elevated caspase 3/7 activity, associated with reduced anti-apoptotic and elevated pro-apoptotic BCL2 family member expression; H2Bub1 directly occupies transcribed regions of anti-apoptotic genes. siRNA knockdown + flow cytometry (cell cycle) + caspase 3/7 assay + Annexin V + ChIP-seq for H2Bub1 + mRNA-seq + caspase inhibitor rescue Clinical epigenetics Medium 31266541
2020 RNF40-driven H2B monoubiquitination is essential for transcriptional activation of RHO/ROCK/LIMK pathway components and proper actin-cytoskeleton dynamics through trans-histone crosstalk with H3K4me3 in HER2+ breast cancer. Tissue-specific Rnf40 deletion (mouse mammary carcinoma model) + ChIP for H2Bub1 and H3K4me3 + transcriptome analysis + actin dynamics assays Cell death & disease Medium 33070155
2020 RNF40 loss impairs early gene activation during somatic cell reprogramming to iPSCs; mechanistically, RNF40 controls expression of the PRC2 component EZH2 and promotes resolution of H3K4me3/H3K27me3 bivalency on H2Bub1-occupied pluripotency genes. RNF40 knockdown + iPSC reprogramming assay + ChIP-seq for H3K4me3, H3K27me3, H2Bub1 + mRNA-seq Cell death & disease Medium 32341358
2020 Osteoblast-specific RNF40 deletion in mice impairs early lineage specification, decreases osteoclast number and function via reduced RANKL (Tnfsf11) expression in osteoblasts; H2B monoubiquitination directly occupies the Tnfsf11 locus. Conditional osteoblast-specific Rnf40 knockout mouse + bone phenotype analysis + ChIP for H2Bub1 at Tnfsf11 + RANKL expression analysis Cell death and differentiation Medium 32901120
2021 Intestine-specific deletion of Rnf20 or Rnf40 in mice causes spontaneous colorectal inflammation; mechanistically, RNF20/RNF40-mediated H2Bub1 controls H3K4me3 occupancy and transcription of the Vitamin D Receptor (Vdr) gene and its target genes in intestinal epithelial cells. Conditional intestinal Rnf20/Rnf40 knockout + mRNA-seq + ChIP-seq for H2Bub1 and H3K4me3 + in vivo colitis monitoring Cell death and differentiation Medium 34088983
2024 RNF40 mediates ubiquitination and proteasome-dependent degradation of LIMA1 (an actin-binding protein involved in cholesterol absorption) as a non-histone substrate; the 1-166aa fragment of LIMA1 is required for interaction with RNF40, and RNF40 overexpression reduces cellular lipid content in a LIMA1-dependent manner. Co-immunoprecipitation + domain mapping + ubiquitination assay + proteasome inhibitor treatment + lipid content measurement + rescue by LIMA1 overexpression Cell death discovery Medium 38909032
2025 RNF40 catalyzes K6- and K11-linked polyubiquitination of KDM6A, targeting it for autophagic degradation via TAX1BP1 recognition; this contrasts with USP7-mediated deubiquitination (K48-linked) that prevents KDM6A proteasomal degradation, forming an antagonistic ubiquitin-switching circuit regulating KDM6A stability and coronavirus receptor expression. Genetic and pharmacological inhibition + ubiquitination linkage analysis + co-immunoprecipitation + autophagic degradation assay + viral infection functional assay Advanced science Medium 41691482
2025 RNF40 promotes K48-linked polyubiquitination and proteasomal degradation of Parkin in cerebrovascular endothelial cells, thereby inhibiting mitophagy; Rnf40 knockdown in spontaneously hypertensive rats restored mitophagy, improved tight junction proteins, and protected the blood-brain barrier. In vivo Rnf40 knockdown (pAAV-shRnf40 in SHRs) + ubiquitination assay (K48 linkage) + mitophagy assay + tight junction protein western blot + cerebral blood flow measurement CNS neuroscience & therapeutics Medium 39777866
2023 The RNF40/H2Bub1 axis positively regulates peroxisome-related gene expression (PRDX5, PEX6, PMVK); loss of RNF20/RNF40 impairs peroxisomal biogenesis and ROS metabolism, leading to increased lipid peroxidation and ferroptotic cell death in cervical cancer cells. RNF20/RNF40 knockdown + ChIP-qPCR for H2Bub1 + transcriptome analysis + lipid peroxidation assay + flow cytometry for ferroptosis markers + in vivo CAM assay Cell communication and signaling Medium 40597205
2023 The RNF40/H2Bub1 axis promotes cancer stem cell properties and glycolytic program in triple-negative breast cancer by supporting YAP1 signaling. RNF40 knockdown/overexpression + sphere formation assay + ChIP-seq for H2Bub1 + transcriptome analysis + YAP1 pathway analysis Cell death & disease Medium 37770435
2025 PAF1C-driven transcription restart after DNA damage is independent of RNF20/RNF40-mediated H2B-K120 ubiquitination; H2Bub1 levels do not correlate with transcription restoration following DNA lesions, and RTF1-stimulated H2Bub1 does not contribute to restart. RNF20/RNF40 depletion + transcription restart assay after DNA damage + H2Bub1 ChIP bioRxivpreprint Low bio_10.1101_2025.07.23.666359
2024 RNF40 physically interacts with RTF1 and is required for histone H2B monoubiquitination that supports Th17 cell differentiation; RNF40-deficient cells phenocopy RTF1-deficient cells in impaired Th17 differentiation. RNF40 knockout in T cells + Th17 differentiation assay + H2Bub1 ChIP-seq + genetic epistasis with RTF1 bioRxivpreprint Low bio_10.1101_2024.11.08.622668

Source papers

Stage 0 corpus · 40 papers · ranked by NIH iCite citations
Year Title Journal Citations PMID
2012 Deficiency in mammalian histone H2B ubiquitin ligase Bre1 (Rnf20/Rnf40) leads to replication stress and chromosomal instability. Cancer research 105 22354749
2002 Staring, a novel E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that targets syntaxin 1 for degradation. The Journal of biological chemistry 104 12121982
2011 The tumor suppressor CDC73 interacts with the ring finger proteins RNF20 and RNF40 and is required for the maintenance of histone 2B monoubiquitination. Human molecular genetics 71 22021426
2011 The H2B ubiquitin ligase RNF40 cooperates with SUPT16H to induce dynamic changes in chromatin structure during DNA double-strand break repair. Cell cycle (Georgetown, Tex.) 64 22031019
2019 E3 Ubiquitin Ligases RNF20 and RNF40 Are Required for Double-Stranded Break (DSB) Repair: Evidence for Monoubiquitination of Histone H2B Lysine 120 as a Novel Axis of DSB Signaling and Repair. Molecular and cellular biology 58 30692271
2017 The HDAC inhibitor panobinostat (LBH589) exerts in vivo anti-leukaemic activity against MLL-rearranged acute lymphoblastic leukaemia and involves the RNF20/RNF40/WAC-H2B ubiquitination axis. Leukemia 48 28690313
2014 Arsenite binds to the RING finger domains of RNF20-RNF40 histone E3 ubiquitin ligase and inhibits DNA double-strand break repair. Journal of the American Chemical Society 47 25170678
2011 Histone H2B ubiquitin ligases RNF20 and RNF40 in androgen signaling and prostate cancer cell growth. Molecular and cellular endocrinology 44 22155569
2013 Staring at the cold sun: blue light regulation is distributed within the genus Acinetobacter. PloS one 34 23358859
2020 Epigenetic modification and a role for the E3 ligase RNF40 in cancer development and metastasis. Oncogene 31 33199825
2019 Staring at protein-surfactant interactions: Fundamental approaches and comparative evaluation of their combinations - A review. Analytica chimica acta 30 30967183
2016 The RING finger domain E3 ubiquitin ligases BRCA1 and the RNF20/RNF40 complex in global loss of the chromatin mark histone H2B monoubiquitination (H2Bub1) in cell line models and primary high-grade serous ovarian cancer. Human molecular genetics 30 27798111
2019 Loss of RNF40 Decreases NF-κB Activity in Colorectal Cancer Cells and Reduces Colitis Burden in Mice. Journal of Crohn's & colitis 29 30321325
2023 Mechanistic insights into nucleosomal H2B monoubiquitylation mediated by yeast Bre1-Rad6 and its human homolog RNF20/RNF40-hRAD6A. Molecular cell 27 37633270
2019 The E3 ubiquitin ligase RNF40 suppresses apoptosis in colorectal cancer cells. Clinical epigenetics 26 31266541
2016 Structure and Function of the RING Domains of RNF20 and RNF40, Dimeric E3 Ligases that Monoubiquitylate Histone H2B. Journal of molecular biology 26 27569044
2020 RNF40 exerts stage-dependent functions in differentiating osteoblasts and is essential for bone cell crosstalk. Cell death and differentiation 18 32901120
2021 RNF20 and RNF40 regulate vitamin D receptor-dependent signaling in inflammatory bowel disease. Cell death and differentiation 17 34088983
2020 The histone H2B ubiquitin ligase RNF40 is required for HER2-driven mammary tumorigenesis. Cell death & disease 17 33070155
2020 The H2B ubiquitin-protein ligase RNF40 is required for somatic cell reprogramming. Cell death & disease 16 32341358
2014 Trait dominance promotes reflexive staring at masked angry body postures. PloS one 15 25549321
2023 RNF40 epigenetically modulates glycolysis to support the aggressiveness of basal-like breast cancer. Cell death & disease 12 37770435
2022 Rbp95 binds to 25S rRNA helix H95 and cooperates with the Npa1 complex during early pre-60S particle maturation. Nucleic acids research 8 36018804
2000 RBP95, a novel leucine zipper protein, binds to the retinoblastoma protein. Biochemical and biophysical research communications 5 10944455
2023 Staring at the onco-exaptation: the two-faced medley of an ancient retrovirus, HERVH. The Journal of clinical investigation 4 37463444
2021 Staring at the Naked Goddess: Unraveling the Structure and Reactivity of Artemis Endonuclease Interacting with a DNA Double Strand. Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) 4 34210101
2025 RNF20/RNF40 supports the aggressive behavior in cervical cancer by regulating a peroxisome-based anti-ferroptotic mechanism. Cell communication and signaling : CCS 3 40597205
2021 [How to perform leukapheresis for procurement of the staring material used for commercial CAR T-cell manufacturing: A consensus from experts convened by the SFGM-TC]. Bulletin du cancer 3 33610284
2021 The Exosomes: Staring Biomarkers and Novel Therapeutic Strategies. Current pharmaceutical design 3 34126887
2024 LIMA1 links the E3 ubiquitin ligase RNF40 to lipid metabolism. Cell death discovery 2 38909032
2026 Allosteric activation of RNF20/RNF40-RAD6A-mediated H2BK120 monoubiquitylation by H2BS112 GlcNAcylation. Nature chemical biology 1 41495224
2025 Rnf40 Exacerbates Hypertension-Induced Cerebrovascular Endothelial Barrier Dysfunction by Ubiquitination and Degradation of Parkin. CNS neuroscience & therapeutics 1 39777866
2023 RNF20/RNF40 ameliorates streptozotocin-induced type 1 diabetes by activating vitamin D receptors in vivo. Allergologia et immunopathologia 1 37422774
2022 Clinical Reasoning: A 12-Month-Old Male Child With Staring Episodes, Ataxia, and Right-sided Weakness. Neurology 1 36028321
2017 A Generalized Chirp-Scaling Algorithm for Geosynchronous Orbit SAR Staring Observations. Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) 1 28481272
2017 Staring at the Clock Face in Drosophila. Neuron 1 28641103
2026 Structural insights into the Bre1-Lge1 and RNF20/RNF40-WAC interactions critical for H2B ubiquitination. Nucleic acids research 0 41533567
2026 Antagonistic Ubiquitin Switching by USP7 and RNF40 Orchestrates KDM6A Homeostasis to License Coronavirus Susceptibility. Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) 0 41691482
2026 Case Report: Atypical anti-KLHL11 antibody encephalitis: recurrent staring spells, serial negative MRI findings, and a tripartite diagnostic journey. Frontiers in immunology 0 42039192
2025 Twist1 silencing suppresses triple-negative breast cancer progression by reducing RNF40 transcription. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 0 40679592