Affinage

STX12

Syntaxin-12 · UniProt Q86Y82

Round 2 corrected
Length
276 aa
Mass
31.6 kDa
Annotated
2026-04-28
74 papers in source corpus 21 papers cited in narrative 21 extracted findings

Mechanistic narrative

Synthesis pass · prose summary of the discoveries below

STX12 (syntaxin 12, also termed syntaxin 13) is an endosomal Qa-SNARE that mediates membrane fusion at recycling and sorting endosomes, functioning in diverse trafficking pathways including plasma membrane protein recycling, melanosome biogenesis, platelet α-granule formation, acrosome assembly, phagophore-to-autophagosome maturation, and unconventional secretion (PMID:9817754, PMID:26208634, PMID:34905616, PMID:40737321, PMID:24095276, PMID:40335523). STX12 forms context-specific SNARE complexes—partnering with VAMP2/3 and SNAP-25/SNAP-23 for recycling and secretion, and with VAMP7 for melanosomal cargo delivery—and its fusogenic activity is positively regulated by SGK3-mediated phosphorylation at Ser139, which promotes interaction with the VAMP4/VTI1A/STX6 complex and plasma membrane targeting (PMID:9817754, PMID:26208634, PMID:31665227). STX12 associates with the VPS16B/VPS33B complex during α-granule biogenesis and with the tethering factor ELAPOR1 during acrosome formation, and its loss in mice causes mitochondrial membrane depolarization, mtDNA release with cGAS-STING pathway activation, cardiac malformations, and perinatal lethality (PMID:34905616, PMID:40737321, PMID:40200300, PMID:40568929). Intracellular pathogens exploit STX12-positive vesicles: Chlamydia IncE recruits STX12-containing vesicles to inclusions via an R-SNARE-mimicking motif, and suppression of STX12 by F. nucleatum-induced miR-31 impairs autophagic flux to promote bacterial persistence (PMID:39154341, PMID:37216106).

Mechanistic history

Synthesis pass · year-by-year structured walk · 12 steps
  1. 1998 High

    Identification of STX12 as a recycling-endosomal Qa-SNARE resolved how transferrin receptor trafficking depends on a specific SNARE complex—establishing the foundational molecular identity and functional context for this protein.

    Evidence Confocal/EM localization to tubular recycling endosomes, antibody inhibition of transferrin recycling, and co-IP of SNARE complexes with βSNAP/VAMP2/3/SNAP-25 in PC12 cells

    PMID:9553086 PMID:9817754

    Open questions at the time
    • Precise stoichiometry of the endosomal SNARE complex not determined
    • No loss-of-function genetic model at this stage
  2. 1999 High

    Demonstration that EEA1 directly engages STX12 to coordinate tethering with fusion explained how Rab5-dependent membrane recognition is coupled to SNARE activation at early endosomes.

    Evidence Co-IP of EEA1–STX12, in vitro endosome fusion assay inhibited by dominant-negative EEA1 and FYVE peptides

    PMID:10458612

    Open questions at the time
    • Structural basis of EEA1–STX12 interaction unknown
    • Whether EEA1 activates STX12 directly or indirectly via NSF priming not resolved
  3. 1999 High

    Discovery that pallidin, the protein defective in pallid mice with platelet storage pool deficiency, binds STX12 connected endosomal SNARE function to lysosome-related organelle biogenesis and Hermansky-Pudlak-like phenotypes.

    Evidence Yeast two-hybrid screen and reciprocal co-IP; overlapping subcellular localization

    PMID:10610180

    Open questions at the time
    • Functional consequence of pallidin–STX12 interaction on SNARE activity not tested
    • Whether pallidin acts as a SNARE chaperone or regulatory factor unclear
  4. 2013 High

    Genetic interaction with ESCRT-III component CHMP2B and accumulation of LC3/Atg5-positive phagophores upon STX12 depletion revealed that STX12 participates in autophagosome closure/maturation, extending its role beyond recycling to autophagy.

    Evidence Drosophila genetic modifier screen for CHMP2B, siRNA knockdown with autophagic flux assays in mammalian cells

    PMID:24095276

    Open questions at the time
    • Identity of the SNARE complex mediating phagophore closure not defined
    • Whether STX12 delivers membrane to the phagophore or acts at the sealing step not distinguished
  5. 2014 High

    STX12 and SNAP23 were shown to deliver Src and EGFR to invadopodia, linking endosomal SNARE trafficking to tumor cell invasion and revealing β1-integrin-dependent regulation of the STX12–SNAP23 interaction.

    Evidence Co-IP, dominant-negative/antibody SNARE inhibition, matrix degradation and invasion assays

    PMID:24496451

    Open questions at the time
    • Cargo selectivity of STX12-mediated invadopodia delivery not fully defined
    • In vivo metastasis relevance not tested
  6. 2015 High

    STX12 was established as the Qa-SNARE that delivers melanin-synthesizing enzymes from recycling endosomes to melanosomes in partnership with R-SNARE VAMP7, with its N-terminal domain acting as an autoinhibitory switch.

    Evidence siRNA depletion rerouting cargo to lysosomes, N-terminal deletion increasing activity and pigmentation, mutual dependency with VAMP7 by dual KD

    PMID:26208634

    Open questions at the time
    • Crystal structure of the autoinhibited vs. open STX12 conformations lacking
    • Upstream signals that relieve N-terminal autoinhibition not identified
  7. 2019 High

    Identification of SGK3-mediated phosphorylation at Ser139 as a positive regulator of STX12 provided the first signaling input controlling STX12 SNARE complex choice, shifting it toward the VAMP4/VTI1A/STX6 complex and plasma membrane.

    Evidence Phosphoproteomics, in vitro kinase assay, SGK3-KO cells, Phos-tag gels, SNARE complex co-IP

    PMID:31665227

    Open questions at the time
    • Physiological consequence of Ser139 phosphorylation on specific cargo trafficking not shown
    • Whether other kinases also phosphorylate STX12 under different stimuli unknown
  8. 2021 Medium

    The finding that tSNARE1, a schizophrenia-risk protein, competes with STX12 for SNARE complex incorporation in neurons established that endosomal SNARE complex composition is dynamically regulated by competing Qa-SNAREs with psychiatric disease relevance.

    Evidence Biochemical competition assay for SNARE complex incorporation, live-cell cargo trafficking in cortical neurons

    PMID:34642214

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct structural basis for tSNARE1–STX12 competition not resolved
    • Whether tSNARE1 displaces STX12 in vivo during disease-relevant neuronal activity unknown
  9. 2022 High

    Physical association of STX12 with VPS16B/VPS33B and its requirement for α-granule biogenesis in megakaryocytes identified STX12 as the SNARE providing fusogenic activity in the platelet granule pathway, with CCDC22 competing for VPS33B binding to coordinate endosomal entry and exit.

    Evidence Reciprocal co-IP, STX12 KD with reduced α-granule numbers by EM, competition assay with CCDC22

    PMID:34905616

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether STX12 loss phenocopies bleeding disorders in vivo not tested
    • Full SNARE complex (Qb, Qc, R partners) for α-granule fusion not identified
  10. 2024 High

    Demonstration that Chlamydia IncE hijacks STX12-containing vesicles via a SNARE-mimicking short linear motif revealed a pathogen strategy for co-opting host endosomal trafficking through direct molecular mimicry of R-SNARE interactions.

    Evidence Co-IP of IncE with STX12/STX7, SLiM mutagenesis abolishing interaction, vesicle recruitment imaging

    PMID:39154341

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether IncE–STX12 interaction benefits bacterial replication or immune evasion specifically not resolved
    • Whether other pathogens use similar SNARE mimicry unknown
  11. 2025 Medium

    Multiple studies converged to show that STX12 loss causes mitochondrial depolarization, mtDNA release activating cGAS-STING, cardiac defects, and perinatal lethality—unexpectedly linking endosomal SNARE function to mitochondrial membrane integrity and innate immune activation.

    Evidence Stx12 KO mice and zebrafish with JC-1 assay, mitochondrial complex immunoblots, mtDNA quantification, cGAS-STING activation, cardiac EM and functional rescue by rapamycin

    PMID:40200300 PMID:40568929

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct molecular mechanism by which endosomal STX12 maintains mitochondrial membrane integrity is unknown
    • Whether mitochondrial phenotypes are secondary to disrupted endosomal iron/lipid delivery not tested
    • Rapamycin rescue mechanism via TFEB-PGC1α is correlative
  12. 2025 High

    STX12 was identified as the SNARE downstream of the tethering factor ELAPOR1 in proacrosomal vesicle fusion, and separately as the Qa-SNARE in the STX12–SNAP23–VAMP3 complex mediating ATG9A vesicle fusion with the plasma membrane for unconventional galectin-9 secretion.

    Evidence ELAPOR1–STX12 co-IP with conditional germ-cell KO phenocopying tethering factor KO; SNARE KD with secretion assay and co-IP of STX12–SNAP23–VAMP3

    PMID:40335523 PMID:40737321

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether STX12 is the sole Qa-SNARE for acrosome fusion or acts redundantly with other syntaxins not determined
    • Regulatory inputs controlling STX12 choice between recycling, secretion, and organelle biogenesis pathways remain unclear

Open questions

Synthesis pass · forward-looking unresolved questions
  • The proximal mechanism by which an endosomal SNARE maintains mitochondrial membrane integrity, the structural basis of STX12 autoinhibition and its relief by phosphorylation, and the rules governing STX12 SNARE complex partner selection across its many trafficking pathways remain unresolved.
  • No crystal or cryo-EM structure of STX12 or its SNARE complexes
  • Mechanism linking endosomal STX12 to mitochondrial integrity not established at the molecular level
  • How a single Qa-SNARE achieves pathway selectivity across recycling, melanosome, granule, acrosome, and autophagy routes is not understood

Mechanism profile

Synthesis pass · controlled-vocabulary classification · explore literature graph →
Molecular activity
GO:0005198 structural molecule activity 6
Localization
GO:0005768 endosome 8 GO:0031410 cytoplasmic vesicle 4 GO:0005886 plasma membrane 2
Pathway
R-HSA-5653656 Vesicle-mediated transport 9 R-HSA-1852241 Organelle biogenesis and maintenance 3 R-HSA-9612973 Autophagy 2 R-HSA-109582 Hemostasis 1 R-HSA-168256 Immune System 1
Partners
EEA1ELAPOR1PALLDSGK3SNAP23VAMP3VAMP7VPS33B
Complex memberships
STX12-SNAP23-VAMP3 SNARE complexSTX12-SNAP25-VAMP2/3 SNARE complexVPS16B/VPS33B complex

Evidence

Reading pass · 21 per-paper findings extracted from the source corpus
Year Finding Method Journal Conf PMIDs
1998 Syntaxin 13 (STX12) was identified as a novel SNARE protein localized to tubular early and recycling endosomes, colocalizing with transferrin receptor. Anti-syntaxin 13 antibody inhibited transferrin receptor recycling in permeabilized PC12 cells. Immunoprecipitation revealed STX12 forms a complex with βSNAP, VAMP2/3, and SNAP-25 that binds αSNAP and NSF and dissociates in the presence of ATP, establishing its role in endosomal membrane fusion during plasma membrane protein recycling. Confocal immunofluorescence, electron microscopy, immunoprecipitation, permeabilized-cell recycling assay The Journal of cell biology High 9817754
1998 Syntaxin 13 (STX12) was characterized as one of seven novel mammalian SNARE proteins; it localizes to distinct endosomal membrane compartments and is enriched in brain, supporting a role in vesicular trafficking specificity through combinatorial SNARE complex formation. Subcellular fractionation, immunofluorescence colocalization with organelle markers, northern blot for tissue distribution The Journal of biological chemistry Medium 9553086
1999 Syntaxin 13 (STX12) interacts directly with EEA1, a Rab5 effector present in high-molecular-weight oligomers that also contain NSF. This interaction is required to drive endosome fusion; dominant-negative EEA1 and synthetic FYVE-finger peptides that block EEA1–syntaxin 13 interaction inhibit fusion, suggesting that oligomeric EEA1/NSF complexes mediate local activation of syntaxin 13 upon membrane tethering to coordinate fusion pore assembly. Co-immunoprecipitation, in vitro endosome fusion assay, dominant-negative inhibition, synthetic peptide competition Cell High 10458612
1999 Pallidin, the protein defective in pallid (platelet storage pool deficiency) mice, was identified as a direct binding partner of syntaxin 13 (STX12) via yeast two-hybrid screen and confirmed by co-immunoprecipitation. Pallidin and syntaxin 13 show overlapping subcellular distribution, placing STX12 in a vesicle-docking/fusion step required for organelle (lysosome-related organelle) biogenesis. Yeast two-hybrid, co-immunoprecipitation, immunofluorescence colocalization, positional cloning Nature genetics High 10610180
2013 Drosophila syntaxin 13 (syx13) was identified as a strong genetic modifier of mutant CHMP2B (an ESCRT-III component causing frontotemporal dementia). In mammalian cells, knockdown of STX13 (STX12) or its binding partner Vti1a caused accumulation of LC3-positive phagophore puncta and blocked autophagic flux. STX13 was present on LC3-positive phagophores and on multilamellar structures induced by dysfunctional ESCRT-III, and its loss caused accumulation of Atg5-positive puncta, indicating STX12 participates in the maturation of phagophores into closed autophagosomes. Drosophila genetic modifier screen, siRNA knockdown in mammalian cells, LC3/Atg5 puncta assay, autophagic flux measurement, fluorescence microscopy Molecular cell High 24095276
2014 STX12 (syntaxin 13) and SNAP23 mediate membrane trafficking required for invadopodia formation and tumor cell invasion. Inhibition of SNARE function impaired delivery of Src and EGFR to developing invadopodia, blocked β1-integrin-dependent Src activation and EGFR Tyr845 phosphorylation, and reduced matrix degradation. β1 integrin interaction with SNAP23 increased upon integrin inhibition, whereas the STX12–SNAP23 interaction was reduced, revealing β1-integrin regulation of STX12-dependent trafficking. Co-immunoprecipitation, SNARE inhibition (dominant-negative/antibody), invadopodia matrix degradation assay, cell invasion assay, phospho-immunoblot Journal of cell science High 24496451
2015 STX13 (STX12), a recycling endosomal Qa-SNARE, is required for delivery of melanin-synthesizing enzymes TYR and TYRP1 from tubular recycling endosomes to maturing melanosomes. Depletion of STX13 reroutes melanosomal cargo to lysosomes. Deletion of its N-terminal regulatory domain increases SNARE activity in vivo and enhances melanosome cargo transport and pigmentation. STX13-dependent cargo transport requires the melanosomal R-SNARE VAMP7, and mutual dependency between STX13 and VAMP7 in regulating each other's localization was demonstrated. siRNA depletion, live-cell imaging, electron microscopy, domain-deletion mutagenesis, pigmentation assay, co-localization studies Journal of cell science High 26208634
2019 STX12 (Ser139) is a specific substrate of SGK3 kinase at endosomes, identified by phosphoproteomic screens. SGK3 phosphorylation of STX12 at Ser139 was confirmed by in vitro kinase assay and shown to be poorly replicated by Akt due to an unfavorable n+1 residue. IGF1-stimulated SGK3 activation in HEK293 cells promoted phosphorylation of a significant fraction of endogenous STX12 in a manner blocked by SGK3 knockout or SGK inhibitor. SGK3 phosphorylation of STX12 enhanced interaction with the VAMP4/VTI1A/STX6-containing SNARE complex and promoted plasma membrane localization of STX12. Phosphoproteomic screen (genetic and pharmacological), in vitro kinase assay, Phos-tag gel, SGK3 knockout cells, SNARE complex co-immunoprecipitation, subcellular localization imaging The Biochemical journal High 31665227
2020 STX12 was identified as a downstream transcriptional target of NFE2L1 in the ROS/STAT3/NFE2L1 retrograde mitochondrial signaling axis in hepatoma cells. Overexpression and depletion experiments showed STX12 acts as a key downstream effector of NFE2L1 in modulating hepatoma cell invasiveness, and co-expression of NFE2L1 and STX12 correlated with enrichment of EMT-related genes. cDNA microarray after NFE2L1 overexpression/depletion, ROS scavenger experiments, STAT3 inhibition, siRNA knockdown of STX12, invasion assay Cancers Medium 32942643
2021 tSNARE1, a schizophrenia-risk protein, competes with STX12 for incorporation into an endosomal SNARE complex, suggesting STX12 is part of an early-endosomal SNARE complex that can be displaced by tSNARE1 acting as an inhibitory SNARE. This competition was demonstrated biochemically, and expression of tSNARE1 isoforms delayed trafficking of the dendritic endosomal cargo Nsg1 into late endosomal/lysosomal compartments, placing STX12 in early-to-late endosomal trafficking in neurons. Biochemical competition assay for SNARE complex incorporation, live-cell imaging of cargo trafficking in cortical neurons, subcellular localization The Journal of neuroscience Medium 34642214
2022 STX12 (Stx12) physically associates with the VPS16B/VPS33B complex in megakaryocytes. Stx12-deficient megakaryocytes display reduced α-granule numbers and reduced overall levels of α-granule proteins, establishing Stx12 as a component of the platelet α-granule biogenesis machinery. CCDC22 (CCC complex) competes with Stx12 for binding to VPS16B/VPS33B, suggesting a hand-off mechanism coupling endosomal entry (Stx12-mediated fusion) with endosomal exit (CCC-mediated retrieval). Co-immunoprecipitation, siRNA/shRNA depletion, electron microscopy of α-granules, immunofluorescence quantification of granule cargo Blood High 34905616
2023 F. nucleatum infection induces miR-31, which inhibits autophagic flux by targeting STX12, reducing STX12 protein levels in colorectal cancer cells. Reduced STX12 was associated with increased intracellular survival of F. nucleatum, establishing STX12 as a regulator of autophagic flux whose suppression promotes bacterial persistence. miR-31 overexpression/knockout, STX12 knockdown, autophagic flux assay, intracellular bacterial survival assay, luciferase reporter for miRNA targeting iScience Medium 37216106
2024 IncE, a Chlamydia trachomatis inclusion membrane effector, binds STX12 (and STX7)-containing vesicles via a short linear motif (SLiM) that mimics an R-SNARE motif, recruiting these vesicles to the bacterial inclusion. This establishes STX12 as a host SNARE whose vesicles are hijacked by a bacterial effector through direct SLiM–SNARE interaction. Co-immunoprecipitation of IncE with STX7/STX12, vesicle recruitment imaging, SLiM mutagenesis, bacterial inclusion development assay Cell reports High 39154341
2025 STX12 deficiency in mice causes depolarization of mitochondrial membrane potential, decreases mitochondrial complex subunit levels, and leads to mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) release into the cytosol. In Stx12−/− mouse lungs, released mtDNA activates the cGAS-STING pathway and Type I interferon pathway, causing cytokine storm and neutrophil infiltration, contributing to perinatal lethality. This establishes a role for STX12 in maintaining mitochondrial membrane integrity and mtDNA stability. Stx12 knockout mouse model, zebrafish morpholino knockdown, mitochondrial membrane potential assay (JC-1), mitochondrial complex subunit immunoblot, mtDNA quantification, cGAS-STING pathway activation assays (immunoblot, cytokine ELISA), immunohistochemistry Cell communication and signaling Medium 40200300
2025 Loss of STX12 in zebrafish and mice causes pericardial edema, cardiac malformations, and heart failure. Stx12-deficient cardiomyocytes show disrupted mitochondrial morphology, reduced iron and zinc levels, impaired ATP production, and prolonged repolarization due to decreased SERCA activity. Rapamycin rescues mitochondrial protein expression and SERCA activity via the TFEB-PGC1α and CAMKII-phospholamban pathways respectively, establishing STX12 as important for energy metabolism and metal homeostasis in cardiomyocytes. Zebrafish KO/KD, mouse cardiac-specific KO, mitochondrial morphology (EM), metal quantification (ICP-MS), ATP assay, calcium transient/SERCA activity assay, rapamycin rescue experiments, TFEB/PGC1α/phospholamban immunoblot Advanced science Medium 40568929
2025 ELAPOR1, a tethering factor for proacrosomal vesicle (PAV) fusion during acrosome biogenesis, physically interacts with STX12. Conditional knockout of Stx12 in germ cells results in defective acrosome biogenesis similar to Elapor1-deficient mice, establishing STX12 as the SNARE fusion factor acting downstream of ELAPOR1 tethering during acrosome formation. Co-immunoprecipitation of ELAPOR1 and STX12, conditional germ-cell Stx12 KO, cryo-EM of ELAPOR1, acrosome morphology by electron microscopy, sperm fertility assays Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America High 40737321
2025 ATG9A vesicles fuse with the plasma membrane via the STX13 (STX12)–SNAP23–VAMP3 SNARE complex to mediate unconventional secretion of galectin-9 and related cargo. This is independent of classical autophagy. SNARE knockdown, co-immunoprecipitation, VAMP3/SNAP23/STX13 interaction assays, galectin secretion assay, vesicle fusion imaging Nature communications High 40335523
2025 STX12 is identified as an interactor of ELAPOR1 and was confirmed as a substrate of UBE3B E3 ubiquitin ligase in neural stem cells; UBE3B interaction with STX12 was confirmed biochemically, suggesting STX12 protein levels at synapses may be regulated by ubiquitin-mediated degradation. Quantitative proteomics (ubiquitome), co-immunoprecipitation validation of UBE3B–STX12 interaction Autism research Low 41844341
2025 siRNA-mediated knockdown of STX12 reduces MR1 antigen presentation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis-derived ligands to MAIT cells. STX12 blockade increases MR1 surface stabilization and total MR1 expression, indicating that STX12-dependent endosomal trafficking facilitates MR1 internalization and loading in the sorting endosome compartment. siRNA knockdown, MR1 antigen presentation assay (MAIT cell activation), MR1 surface flow cytometry, RFP-tagged construct colocalization bioRxivpreprint Medium 41573916
2026 SF3A1 (Splicing Factor 3A1) promotes colorectal cancer cell survival by stabilizing STX12 mRNA. Knockdown of SF3A1 reduces STX12 mRNA levels; STX12 knockdown independently induces apoptosis in CRC cells but not in non-cancerous cells. RNA-immunoprecipitation confirmed SF3A1 binds STX12 mRNA, placing STX12 downstream of SF3A1-mediated RNA stabilization as an anti-apoptotic effector. SF3A1 siRNA KD, STX12 siRNA KD, RNA-immunoprecipitation (RIP), TUNEL/caspase-3/7/PARP apoptosis assays, xenograft model, transcriptome analysis International journal of molecular sciences Medium 41683622
2026 GRIPAP1, a new α-granule biogenesis factor in megakaryocytes, localizes to endosome subdomains decorated by Rab4a and STX12. Fibrinogen and PF4 traffic through GRIPAP1-labeled compartments en route to α-granules, with GRIPAP1 binding GTP-loaded Rab4a for membrane recruitment, further defining STX12 as a marker and functional component of the Rab4a-positive endosomal subdomain involved in α-granule biogenesis. GRIPAP1 KO megakaryocytes, live-cell trafficking of fluorescent fibrinogen/PF4, co-localization with Rab4a and STX12, Rab4a-GTP pulldown, artificial mitochondria-targeting mislocalization assay The Journal of cell biology Medium 41632639

Source papers

Stage 0 corpus · 74 papers · ranked by NIH iCite citations
Year Title Journal Citations PMID
2006 Global, in vivo, and site-specific phosphorylation dynamics in signaling networks. Cell 2861 17081983
2012 Insights into RNA biology from an atlas of mammalian mRNA-binding proteins. Cell 1718 22658674
2002 Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 1479 12477932
2010 Network organization of the human autophagy system. Nature 1286 20562859
2015 The BioPlex Network: A Systematic Exploration of the Human Interactome. Cell 1118 26186194
2017 Architecture of the human interactome defines protein communities and disease networks. Nature 1085 28514442
2015 A human interactome in three quantitative dimensions organized by stoichiometries and abundances. Cell 1015 26496610
2014 A proteome-scale map of the human interactome network. Cell 977 25416956
2020 A reference map of the human binary protein interactome. Nature 849 32296183
2003 Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs. Nature genetics 754 14702039
2021 Dual proteome-scale networks reveal cell-specific remodeling of the human interactome. Cell 705 33961781
2012 A census of human soluble protein complexes. Cell 689 22939629
2015 Gene essentiality and synthetic lethality in haploid human cells. Science (New York, N.Y.) 657 26472760
2011 Phylogenetic-based propagation of functional annotations within the Gene Ontology consortium. Briefings in bioinformatics 656 21873635
2021 Multilevel proteomics reveals host perturbations by SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV. Nature 532 33845483
2004 The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome research 438 15489334
2015 A Dynamic Protein Interaction Landscape of the Human Centrosome-Cilium Interface. Cell 433 26638075
2022 OpenCell: Endogenous tagging for the cartography of human cellular organization. Science (New York, N.Y.) 432 35271311
2015 Panorama of ancient metazoan macromolecular complexes. Nature 407 26344197
1999 Oligomeric complexes link Rab5 effectors with NSF and drive membrane fusion via interactions between EEA1 and syntaxin 13. Cell 403 10458612
2021 A proximity-dependent biotinylation map of a human cell. Nature 339 34079125
2022 Tau interactome maps synaptic and mitochondrial processes associated with neurodegeneration. Cell 256 35063084
1998 Syntaxin 13 mediates cycling of plasma membrane proteins via tubulovesicular recycling endosomes. The Journal of cell biology 247 9817754
2007 hORFeome v3.1: a resource of human open reading frames representing over 10,000 human genes. Genomics 222 17207965
1998 Seven novel mammalian SNARE proteins localize to distinct membrane compartments. The Journal of biological chemistry 213 9553086
2018 An AP-MS- and BioID-compatible MAC-tag enables comprehensive mapping of protein interactions and subcellular localizations. Nature communications 201 29568061
1998 Three novel proteins of the syntaxin/SNAP-25 family. The Journal of biological chemistry 165 9852078
2019 A protein-interaction network of interferon-stimulated genes extends the innate immune system landscape. Nature immunology 159 30833792
1999 The pallid gene encodes a novel, syntaxin 13-interacting protein involved in platelet storage pool deficiency. Nature genetics 155 10610180
2020 AMPK, a Regulator of Metabolism and Autophagy, Is Activated by Lysosomal Damage via a Novel Galectin-Directed Ubiquitin Signal Transduction System. Molecular cell 152 31995728
2001 Virulence-associated genes in avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) isolated from internal organs of poultry having died from colibacillosis. International journal of medical microbiology : IJMM 118 11727821
2015 Multiple antibiotic resistances among Shiga toxin producing Escherichia coli O157 in feces of dairy cattle farms in Eastern Cape of South Africa. BMC microbiology 71 26475706
2013 Syntaxin 13, a genetic modifier of mutant CHMP2B in frontotemporal dementia, is required for autophagosome maturation. Molecular cell 60 24095276
2014 SNARE-dependent interaction of Src, EGFR and β1 integrin regulates invadopodia formation and tumor cell invasion. Journal of cell science 59 24496451
2019 Predictors of Enteric Pathogens in the Domestic Environment from Human and Animal Sources in Rural Bangladesh. Environmental science & technology 58 31356066
2008 A comparison of molecular alterations in environmental and genetic rat models of ADHD: a pilot study. American journal of medical genetics. Part B, Neuropsychiatric genetics : the official publication of the International Society of Psychiatric Genetics 54 18937310
2015 STX13 regulates cargo delivery from recycling endosomes during melanosome biogenesis. Journal of cell science 45 26208634
2017 A review on strategies for decreasing E. coli O157:H7 risk in animals. Microbial pathogenesis 42 28062285
2020 The ZIP Code of Vesicle Trafficking in Apicomplexa: SEC1/Munc18 and SNARE Proteins. mBio 30 33082261
2014 New high-affinity monoclonal antibodies against Shiga toxin 1 facilitate the detection of hybrid Stx1/Stx2 in vivo. PloS one 30 24914553
2023 MicroRNA-31 induced by Fusobacterium nucleatum infection promotes colorectal cancer tumorigenesis. iScience 28 37216106
2014 Evaluation of real time PCR assays for the detection and enumeration of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli directly from cattle feces. Journal of microbiological methods 27 25064761
2019 Transcriptional and Translational Inhibitors Block SOS Response and Shiga Toxin Expression in Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli. Scientific reports 26 31827185
2020 Mitochondrial Respiratory Defect Enhances Hepatoma Cell Invasiveness via STAT3/NFE2L1/STX12 Axis. Cancers 25 32942643
2022 Syntaxin 12 and COMMD3 are new factors that function with VPS33B in the biogenesis of platelet α-granules. Blood 20 34905616
2021 Schizophrenia-Linked Protein tSNARE1 Regulates Endosomal Trafficking in Cortical Neurons. The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience 16 34642214
2019 Phosphoproteomics reveals that the hVPS34 regulated SGK3 kinase specifically phosphorylates endosomal proteins including Syntaxin-7, Syntaxin-12, RFIP4 and WDR44. The Biochemical journal 15 31665227
2018 Syntaxin clusters at secretory granules in a munc18-bound conformation. Molecular biology of the cell 14 30156474
2022 Long read sequencing and expression studies of AHDC1 deletions in Xia-Gibbs syndrome reveal a novel genetic regulatory mechanism. Human mutation 13 36054313
2006 Integrative strategies to identify candidate genes in rodent models of human alcoholism. Genome 12 16462896
2023 Identification and validation of the reference genes in the echiuran worm Urechis unicinctus based on transcriptome data. BMC genomics 11 37165306
2017 STX12 lncRNA/miR-148a/SMAD5 participate in the regulation of pancreatic stellate cell activation through a mechanism involving competing endogenous RNA. Pancreatology : official journal of the International Association of Pancreatology (IAP) ... [et al.] 11 28202235
2013 Detection and isolation of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) O104 from sprouts. International journal of food microbiology 10 24413585
2024 Age-dependent functional development pattern in neonatal brain: An fMRI-based brain entropy study. NeuroImage 9 38852805
2019 Risk of acquisition of human diarrhoeagenic Escherichia coli virulence genes in intercontinental travellers: A prospective, multi-centre study. Travel medicine and infectious disease 9 30609386
2024 The Chlamydia effector IncE employs two short linear motifs to reprogram host vesicle trafficking. Cell reports 7 39154341
2023 Syntaxin 3 SPI-2 dependent crosstalk facilitates the division of Salmonella containing vacuole. Traffic (Copenhagen, Denmark) 7 37114883
2022 Transgenic Sweet Orange Expressing the Sarcotoxin IA Gene Produces High-Quality Fruit and Shows Tolerance to 'Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus'. International journal of molecular sciences 7 36012564
2025 Mutation T9I in Envelope confers autophagy resistance to SARS-CoV-2 Omicron. iScience 5 40687831
2021 Antimicrobial resistance and molecular genotyping of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus isolated from some Egyptian cheeses. Journal of advanced veterinary and animal research 5 34395595
2025 Autophagy-independent role of ATG9A vesicles as carriers for galectin-9 secretion. Nature communications 4 40335523
2021 The Deleterious Effects of Shiga Toxin Type 2 Are Neutralized In Vitro by FabF8:Stx2 Recombinant Monoclonal Antibody. Toxins 4 34822608
2025 Pulmonary mitochondrial DNA release and activation of the cGAS-STING pathway in Lethal Stx12 knockout mice. Cell communication and signaling : CCS 3 40200300
2025 Rapamycin Alleviates Heart Failure Caused by Mitochondrial Dysfunction and SERCA Hypoactivity in Syntaxin 12/13 Deficient Models. Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) 2 40568929
2025 ELAPOR1 is a copper-dependent tethering factor driving proacrosomal vesicle fusion during acrosome biogenesis. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2 40737321
2025 The diverse functions of syntaxin 13 in endosome-mediated membrane fusion. International journal of biological macromolecules 1 40058431
2022 The Microscopy-Based Assay to Study and Analyze the Recycling Endosomes using SNARE Trafficking. Journal of visualized experiments : JoVE 1 35225263
2026 GRIPAP1 is an endosomal tethering factor mediating platelet α-granule biogenesis. The Journal of cell biology 0 41632639
2026 Splicing Factor 3a Subunit 1 Promotes Colorectal Cancer Growth via Anti-Apoptotic Effects of Syntaxin12. International journal of molecular sciences 0 41683622
2026 The E3 Ubiquitin Ligase UBE3B Regulates Synaptic Development and Cortical Network Activity. Autism research : official journal of the International Society for Autism Research 0 41844341
2025 The Impact of Obesity on Autophagy in Human Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells. Cell transplantation 0 40116436
2025 Identification of Novel Protein Biomarkers for Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma by Integrating Human Plasma Proteome with Genome. Journal of gastrointestinal cancer 0 40240670
2025 Sorting endosomes play key roles in presentation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis -derived ligands to MAIT cells. bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology 0 41573916
2023 Does pre-incubation in selective-enrichment media improve the detection of diarrheagenic Escherichia coli using the RIDA®GENE PCR? International journal of medical microbiology : IJMM 0 36736015