Affinage

RPS15

Small ribosomal subunit protein uS19 · UniProt P62841

Length
145 aa
Mass
17.0 kDa
Annotated
2026-06-10
100 papers in source corpus 27 papers cited in narrative 27 extracted findings
Cross-family judge vs UniProt: Affinage preferred faithfulness: 5/5 claims corpus-supported (100%)

Mechanistic narrative

Synthesis pass · prose summary of the discoveries below

RPS15 (uS19) is a conserved small-subunit ribosomal protein that functions both as an architectural component of ribosome assembly and as a decoding-center element that enforces translational fidelity during elongation (PMID:10742169, PMID:10753109, PMID:32268098). In bacteria, S15 is a primary rRNA-binding protein: it recognizes a G-U/G-C motif and a three-way helical junction in 16S rRNA from the minor groove and induces a conformational reorganization of the junction that creates the RNA scaffold required for cooperative incorporation of the S6:S18 heterodimer during 30S platform assembly (PMID:10742169, PMID:10753109, PMID:9466923, PMID:11601845). S15 also autogenously represses its own translation by binding a pseudoknot in its rpsO mRNA that mimics the rRNA three-way junction, masking the Shine-Dalgarno sequence and trapping ribosomes in a non-productive initiation complex—an example of molecular mimicry with site-differentiated recognition (PMID:7685101, PMID:2407855, PMID:12682022, PMID:15101974). In eukaryotes, the C-terminal tail of RPS15 extends into the decoding center, contacting A-site and P-site tRNAs and mRNA, and is specifically required during elongation rather than initiation: its deletion abolishes polysome formation, and disease-associated mutations increase frameshifting and misreading (PMID:32268098, PMID:31991215, PMID:20206660, PMID:26824029). RPS15 has additional regulatory roles beyond the ribosome: it is phosphorylated by LRRK2 at threonine 136 to aberrantly stimulate cap-dependent and cap-independent translation in Parkinson's disease models, where a phosphodeficient T136A mutant rescues dopamine neuron degeneration (PMID:24725412); it binds MDM2 to inhibit its E3 ligase activity and stabilize p53 (PMID:23874713); and recurrent somatic mutations in its conserved C-terminal domain in chronic lymphocytic leukemia disrupt MDM2/MDMX binding, increase ubiquitin-mediated degradation of the protein, and rewire the cellular translational program despite incorporation of the mutant protein into ribosomes (PMID:26675346, PMID:30181176, PMID:34251413).

Mechanistic history

Synthesis pass · year-by-year structured walk · 18 steps
  1. 1990 High

    Established that S15 acts as an autogenous translational repressor of its own operon, defining the regulatory logic linking ribosomal protein abundance to its own synthesis.

    Evidence rpsO-lacZ translational fusion, derepressed mutant isolation, and chemical/enzymatic probing in E. coli

    PMID:2407854 PMID:2407855

    Open questions at the time
    • Did not resolve the atomic basis of pseudoknot recognition
    • Eukaryotic counterpart of autoregulation not addressed
  2. 1991 High

    Showed that rpsO mRNA stability is controlled by RNase E cleavage of a 3' stem-loop, adding post-transcriptional control to the S15 regulatory circuit.

    Evidence mRNA decay comparison in rne+ vs rne- strains, S1 mapping, Northern blot in E. coli

    PMID:1704067

    Open questions at the time
    • Relationship between translational repression and decay not fully integrated
    • Not relevant to eukaryotic RPS15 regulation
  3. 1993 High

    Defined the mechanism of S15 autorepression as trapping ribosomes in a pre-ternary complex via pseudoknot binding rather than blocking ribosome loading.

    Evidence Toeprinting, RNase footprinting, filter binding, and ternary complex assays in vitro

    PMID:7685101

    Open questions at the time
    • Structural detail of the trapped complex not resolved
  4. 1998 Medium

    Resolved the S15 fold and the conformational basis of rRNA recognition, showing S15 captures a Mg2+-prefolded three-way junction conformation.

    Evidence X-ray crystallography of B. stearothermophilus S15 at 2.1 Å; native gel and transient electric birefringence of junction constructs

    PMID:9466923 PMID:9562554

    Open questions at the time
    • Tertiary-capture kinetics described biophysically but not in the full 30S context
  5. 2000 High

    Provided atomic structures showing S15 binding reorganizes the rRNA junction to nucleate cooperative assembly of the 30S platform.

    Evidence X-ray crystallography of S15-rRNA and ternary S15-S6-S18-rRNA complexes at 2.6–2.8 Å

    PMID:10742169 PMID:10753109

    Open questions at the time
    • Order and timing of full platform assembly in vivo not addressed
  6. 2001 High

    Quantified the cooperativity of assembly, showing S15 binding increases S6:S18 heterodimer affinity by >4 orders of magnitude.

    Evidence Isothermal titration calorimetry and gel shift with purified A. aeolicus proteins

    PMID:11601845

    Open questions at the time
    • Slow kinetics mechanism not explained
    • In vivo assembly chaperone contributions not addressed
  7. 2003 High

    Demonstrated that S15 autorepression operates by molecular mimicry, with the mRNA leader adopting an rRNA-like junction that competes with the 30S subunit.

    Evidence In vitro translation, footprinting, mutagenesis, and ribosome competition with T. thermophilus S15

    PMID:12682022

    Open questions at the time
    • Species generality of the mimicry mechanism not fully established
  8. 2004 Medium

    Defined the shared and divergent recognition determinants by which S15 binds both rRNA and its own mRNA.

    Evidence In vivo lacZ fusion, S15 point mutagenesis, footprinting in E. coli

    PMID:15101974

    Open questions at the time
    • In vivo reporter readout, not direct structural comparison of both complexes
  9. 2006 High

    Established that S15 is dispensable for platform protein assembly in vivo but required for proper subunit association and ribosome biogenesis.

    Evidence Chromosomal rpsO deletion, ribosome fractionation, subunit association and growth assays in E. coli

    PMID:16682557

    Open questions at the time
    • Did not address elongation-phase functions later found in eukaryotes
  10. 2005 Medium

    Mapped dynamic A-site mRNA contacts of human uS19, showing contact is codon-occupancy dependent.

    Evidence Photoaffinity cross-linking with s4U-modified mRNA in defined human ribosomal complexes

    PMID:15697241

    Open questions at the time
    • Functional consequence of contact not yet established
    • Single-lab cross-linking
  11. 2010 Medium

    Identified the eukaryote-specific C-terminal decapeptide of uS19 as positioned adjacent to the A-site codon during both elongation and termination.

    Evidence mRNA photoaffinity cross-linking with s4U-modified analogues and peptide identification

    PMID:20206660

    Open questions at the time
    • Role in termination versus elongation not functionally dissected
  12. 2013 Medium

    Revealed an extraribosomal role: RPS15 binds and inhibits MDM2 to stabilize p53 and trigger cell cycle arrest.

    Evidence Co-IP, ectopic expression in p53-null/wild-type cells, ubiquitination and viability assays

    PMID:23874713

    Open questions at the time
    • Based on ectopic overexpression, endogenous physiological context unclear
    • Single lab
  13. 2014 High

    Identified RPS15 as a direct LRRK2 substrate whose phosphorylation at T136 drives pathogenic protein synthesis in Parkinson's disease models.

    Evidence Drosophila transgenic models, human neuron culture, phosphodeficient T136A rescue, protein synthesis assays

    PMID:24725412

    Open questions at the time
    • Mechanism linking T136 phosphorylation to translational stimulation not resolved
    • Connection to ribosomal vs extraribosomal pool unclear
  14. 2015 Medium

    Connected recurrent CLL mutations in the conserved RPS15 C-terminal domain to disrupted MDM2/MDMX binding and defective p53 regulation.

    Evidence Whole-exome sequencing, transient mutant expression, Co-IP, p53 functional assays in CLL cells; yeast bridge mutagenesis

    PMID:26675346 PMID:26824029

    Open questions at the time
    • Causal contribution to leukemogenesis not established
    • Relative weight of translational vs p53 effects unclear
  15. 2018 High

    Showed CLL mutations increase RPS15 degradation yet allow incorporation of mutant protein into ribosomes that alter translational fidelity.

    Evidence Quantitative mass spectrometry, ribosome fractionation, ubiquitination assays, polysome profiling in HEK293T and MEC-1 cells

    PMID:30181176

    Open questions at the time
    • Mutation-specific fidelity defects not mechanistically uniform
    • Link to disease outcome not direct
  16. 2020 High

    Defined at near-atomic resolution how the human uS19 C-terminal tail contacts decoding-center tRNAs/mRNA and is required for elongation and fidelity.

    Evidence Cryo-EM of human 80S at 3.3 Å in PRE/POST states with frameshifting assays; polysome and tRNA-binding assays of tail truncation; PAR-CLIP A-site mapping in HEK293

    PMID:31802126 PMID:31991215 PMID:32268098

    Open questions at the time
    • Precise step at which the tail aids tRNA accommodation not isolated
    • How phosphorylation/mutations alter tail dynamics not resolved
  17. 2021 Medium

    Showed the eukaryotic uS19 C-terminal tail is also required for cytoplasmic pre-40S maturation quality control, and that CLL mutations rewire the cellular translatome.

    Evidence Yeast genetic epistasis with Ltv1/Tsr1 and pre-rRNA processing assays; ribosome profiling/RNA-seq of primary CLL and MEC1 cells

    PMID:34251413 PMID:35438042

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether maturation checkpoint operates in human cells unclear
    • Causal targets of translational rewiring not pinpointed
  18. 2023 Medium

    Identified an extraribosomal role in which RPS15 partners with IGF2BP1 to promote m6A-dependent translation of p38 MAPK pathway mRNAs driving cancer metastasis.

    Evidence Co-IP, RIP-seq, m6A-dependent binding assays, CRISPR SAM and xenograft models in ESCC

    PMID:37264021

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct vs ribosome-mediated effect on target mRNAs not separated
    • Single lab/cancer context

Open questions

Synthesis pass · forward-looking unresolved questions
  • How RPS15's decoding-center, assembly, and extraribosomal (LRRK2/p53/IGF2BP1) functions are coordinated within a single cell, and how disease mutations and phosphorylation reweight these activities, remains unresolved.
  • No unified model linking phosphorylation state to ribosomal vs extraribosomal pools
  • Mechanism connecting tail dynamics to fidelity and pre-40S QC not integrated
  • Causal role of extraribosomal interactions in disease unestablished

Mechanism profile

Synthesis pass · controlled-vocabulary classification · explore literature graph →
Molecular activity
GO:0003723 RNA binding 5 GO:0005198 structural molecule activity 4 GO:0045182 translation regulator activity 4 GO:0098772 molecular function regulator activity 2
Localization
GO:0005840 ribosome 4 GO:0005829 cytosol 3
Pathway
R-HSA-392499 Metabolism of proteins 3 R-HSA-8953854 Metabolism of RNA 1
Partners
IGF2BP1LRRK2MDM2MDMXRPS13
Complex memberships
30S ribosomal subunit40S ribosomal subunitS15-S6-S18 rRNA assembly complex

Evidence

Reading pass · 27 per-paper findings extracted from the source corpus
Year Finding Method Journal Conf PMIDs
2014 Ribosomal protein S15 (RPS15) is a direct phosphorylation substrate of LRRK2 kinase at threonine 136. Phosphodeficient T136A substitution rescues dopamine neuron degeneration and locomotor deficits in G2019S LRRK2 transgenic Drosophila and reduces neurite loss and cell death in human dopamine and cortical neurons. Pathogenic LRRK2-mediated phosphorylation of S15 stimulates both cap-dependent and cap-independent mRNA translation, inducing a bulk increase in protein synthesis. In vivo Drosophila transgenic model, human neuron culture, phosphodeficient mutant rescue experiments, protein synthesis assays Cell High 24725412
2000 Crystal structure of the bacterial S15-rRNA complex reveals that S15 binds the ribosomal RNA at a G-U/G-C motif and a three-way junction, interacting in the minor groove, and induces a conformational reorganization of the junction that creates the RNA fold necessary for subsequent cooperative binding of S6 and S18 during 30S ribosome assembly. X-ray crystallography at 2.8 Å resolution of S15-rRNA complex Nature structural biology High 10742169 10753109
2000 Crystal structure of the ternary S15-S6-S18-rRNA complex from Thermus thermophilus 30S central domain at 2.6 Å resolution demonstrates that S15 binding stabilizes a conformational reorganization of two three-helix junctions, creating the RNA scaffold required for S6 and S18 assembly. X-ray crystallography at 2.6 Å resolution Science (New York, N.Y.) High 10753109
2013 RPS15, when ectopically expressed, binds MDM2 and inhibits its E3 ubiquitin ligase activity, leading to stabilization of both MDM2 and p53, induction of cell cycle arrest and cell death, and downregulation of MdmX levels. Co-immunoprecipitation, ectopic expression in p53-null and p53-containing cell lines, ubiquitination assays, cell cycle and viability assays PloS one Medium 23874713
2015 Somatic missense mutations in RPS15 cluster in a 7-amino-acid evolutionarily conserved region of the C-terminal domain, disrupt the direct interaction between RPS15 and MDM2/MDMX, and result in defective p53 regulation compared with wild-type RPS15, as shown by transient expression in CLL patient cells. Whole-exome sequencing, transient transfection of mutant RPS15, Co-IP/interaction assays with MDM2/MDMX, p53 functional assays Blood Medium 26675346
2018 CLL-associated RPS15 mutations in the conserved C-terminal domain (which extends into the ribosomal decoding center) increase ubiquitin-mediated degradation of the protein, yet mutant RPS15 is incorporated into ribosomes and alters global protein synthesis and/or translational fidelity in a mutation-specific manner. Quantitative mass spectrometry, ribosome fractionation, ubiquitination assays, polysome profiling in HEK293T and MEC-1 cells Blood High 30181176
2020 The C-terminal tail of human ribosomal protein uS19 (RPS15) contacts A-site and P-site tRNAs and mRNA in the decoding site during the classical pre-translocation (PRE) state. Disease-associated mutations in uS19 result in increased frameshifting, indicating the tail is functionally required for translational fidelity during elongation. Cryo-EM structure of human 80S ribosome at 3.3 Å resolution (classical-PRE, rotated hybrid-PRE, and POST states), frameshifting assays with mutant uS19 Cell reports High 32268098
2020 Deletion of the 15 C-terminal amino acid residues of human uS19 (RPS15) does not affect 40S subunit assembly or translation initiation but completely prevents polysome formation, indicating this tail is specifically required during translation elongation, likely at the transpeptidation/aa-tRNA accommodation step. Polysome profiling, tRNA binding assays with FLAG-tagged uS19 and truncation mutant in HEK293 cells Biochimica et biophysica acta. Gene regulatory mechanisms Medium 31991215
2020 In vivo cross-linking (PAR-CLIP) demonstrated that human uS19 (RPS15) contacts mRNA at the ribosomal A site specifically when the A-site codon is not engaged by tRNA, and is enriched at mRNA regions containing Glu and Lys codons, corresponding to sites of ribosome pausing during elongation. PAR-CLIP with FLAG-tagged uS19 in stable HEK293 cell line, cross-linking with s4U-modified nucleosides, ribosome profiling Nucleic acids research Medium 31802126
2010 The eukaryote-specific C-terminal decapeptide (residues 131-140, PGIGATHSSR) of human ribosomal protein S15 (uS19) is positioned adjacent to the A-site codon during both elongation and termination of translation, regardless of whether the A site contains a sense or stop codon or eRF1. mRNA photoaffinity cross-linking with 4-thiouridine-modified mRNA analogues, proteolytic digestion and peptide identification Biochimie Medium 20206660
2005 Human ribosomal protein S15 (uS19) cross-links specifically to the A-site codon in phased ribosome-mRNA complexes lacking eRF1, but not in non-phased complexes or when eRF1 occupies the A site, indicating dynamic A-site contact during translation. Photoaffinity cross-linking with s4U-modified mRNA analogues in human ribosomes, peptide identification Biochemistry Medium 15697241
2015 Yeast uS19 (RPS15) participates in the B1a intersubunit bridge with H38 of the large subunit. Polyalanine mutations at the uS19/uS13 and uS19/H38 interfaces shift the ribosomal rotational equilibrium toward the unrotated state, increase P-site tRNA and A-site ternary complex affinity, inhibit eEF2 binding, and increase frameshifting and misreading. Genetic polyalanine mutagenesis, biochemical assays of tRNA binding, eEF2 binding, translational fidelity assays in yeast Translation (Austin, Tex.) Medium 26824029
2021 The C-terminal tail of yeast Rps15 (uS19) is required for cytoplasmic pre-40S maturation. C-terminal tail deletions cause accumulation of 20S pre-rRNA in the cytoplasm, and strong genetic interactions with assembly factors Ltv1 and Tsr1 indicate the tail participates in a quality-control step ensuring functional Rps15 before subunit entry into translation. Genetic interaction analysis (double mutants), pre-rRNA processing assays, co-immunoprecipitation in yeast RNA biology Medium 35438042
2021 RPS15 mutations in CLL rewire the translational program of primary CLL cells, reducing overall translational efficiency and altering translation of ribosomal proteins and regulatory elements involved in immune signaling and cell proliferation. Ribosome profiling and RNA sequencing of primary CLL cells and transfected MEC1 cells Blood advances Medium 34251413
2023 RPS15 interacts with the K homology domain of IGF2BP1, which in turn binds the 3'-UTR of MKK6 and MAPK14 mRNAs in an m6A-dependent manner, promoting translation of core p38 MAPK pathway proteins and driving ESCC metastasis and proliferation. Co-immunoprecipitation of RPS15 with IGF2BP1, RIP-seq, m6A-dependent RNA binding assays, loss- and gain-of-function models in vitro and in vivo (CRISPR SAM screen, xenograft) Signal transduction and targeted therapy Medium 37264021
1993 Bacterial ribosomal protein S15 inhibits its own translation by binding to a pseudoknot structure overlapping the ribosome binding site of its mRNA (rpsO), trapping the ribosome in a pre-ternary complex (30S-mRNA without productive tRNA(fMet) accommodation) rather than blocking ribosome loading entirely. Toeprint assay with reverse transcriptase, RNase T1 footprinting, filter binding assays, ternary complex formation assays Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America High 7685101
1990 E. coli ribosomal protein S15 exerts autogenous translational control of its own mRNA (rpsO). The translational operator overlaps the ribosome loading site and extends into the 5' non-coding region; S15 binds to a pseudoknot structure in this region to repress its own translation. Translational rpsO-lacZ fusion assay, derepressed mutant isolation and sequencing, deletion mapping Journal of molecular biology High 2407854
1990 The S15 translational operator on rpsO mRNA adopts alternative conformations including a pseudoknot and two stem-loops; S15 binds to the pseudoknot conformation, stabilizing it and masking the Shine-Dalgarno sequence and AUG codon to prevent ribosome initiation. Chemical probing (DMS, CMCT, DEPC), RNase V1/T1/S1 footprinting, site-directed mutagenesis Journal of molecular biology High 2407855
1991 Decay of rpsO (S15) mRNA in E. coli is initiated by an RNase E-dependent endonucleolytic cleavage that removes the 3' stabilizing stem-loop structure (rho-independent attenuator), thereby destabilizing the transcript. Loss of the 3' hairpin leads to rapid mRNA degradation. Comparison of mRNA decay in rne+ vs rne- strains, S1 nuclease mapping, Northern blotting Journal of molecular biology High 1704067
1998 S15 binding to its 16S rRNA target induces a conformational change in the three-way helical junction, rendering helices 21 and 22 colinear with helix 20 at a 60° angle; Mg2+ alone induces a structurally similar conformation, and Mg2+-prefolded RNA has a higher S15 association rate, consistent with a tertiary structure capture mechanism. Native gel electrophoresis, transient electric birefringence of extended helical junction constructs, competition binding assays Journal of molecular biology Medium 9466923
2001 S6 and S18 form a stable heterodimer in solution (Kd ~8.7 nM) that binds as a unit to the S15-rRNA complex (Kd ~2.7 nM). S15 binding to rRNA increases the affinity of the S6:S18 heterodimer by at least four orders of magnitude, and S6 or S18 alone do not bind. The S15-mediated cooperative assembly proceeds with slow kinetics. Isothermal titration calorimetry, gel mobility shift assays with purified Aquifex aeolicus proteins Journal of molecular biology High 11601845
2006 In vivo deletion of rpsO (the gene encoding S15) is viable in E. coli; in the absence of S15, the remaining platform proteins (S6, S11, S18, S21) still assemble into 30S subunits, but these subunits are defective in subunit association and the strain is cold sensitive with a ribosome biogenesis defect. In-frame chromosomal deletion of rpsO, ribosome fractionation, subunit association assays, growth analysis RNA (New York, N.Y.) High 16682557
1998 Crystal structure of S15 from Bacillus stearothermophilus at 2.1 Å reveals a four-helix bundle with a large conserved basic patch as the putative RNA binding surface and a conformationally variable N-terminal helix. X-ray crystallography at 2.1 Å resolution Structure (London, England : 1993) High 9562554
2003 T. thermophilus S15 represses translation of its own mRNA in vitro by binding to the 5'-UTR leader, triggering a conformational rearrangement that mimics the three-way junction of the 16S rRNA binding site and directly competing with the 30S ribosomal subunit for mRNA binding. In vitro translation assays, footprinting, deletion analysis, site-directed mutagenesis, ribosome competition binding assays The EMBO journal High 12682022
2004 E. coli S15 recognizes both rpsO mRNA (pseudoknot) and 16S rRNA using overlapping sets of amino acids; the G-U/G-C motif common to both RNA targets is recognized from the minor groove, but the mRNA uses a unique looped-out adenosine (A-46) while rRNA uses a three-way junction as the second recognition determinant. This demonstrates molecular mimicry with site differentiation. In vivo lacZ fusion assay, mutagenesis of S15 amino acids, footprinting Molecular microbiology Medium 15101974
2019 mTORC1 kinase activity regulates translation of Rps15 mRNA (which contains a TOP-like 5' element) during mouse embryonic fibroblast senescence. Overexpression of Rps15 delays senescence by supporting ribosome biogenesis. Polysome profiling with RNA-seq, rapamycin treatment, Rps15 overexpression in MEFs Frontiers in cell and developmental biology Low 31921849
1988 Ribosomal proteins S2, S6, S10, S14, S15, and S25 are localized on the surface of mammalian 40S subunits; trypsin digestion of these surface-exposed proteins causes 40S subunit unfolding (loss of positive birefringence, reduced relaxation time), indicating these proteins stabilize the overall 40S conformation. Immobilized trypsin digestion, electric birefringence of rat liver 40S subunits FEBS letters Low 3378620

Source papers

Stage 0 corpus · 100 papers · ranked by NIH iCite citations
Year Title Journal Citations PMID
2014 Ribosomal protein s15 phosphorylation mediates LRRK2 neurodegeneration in Parkinson's disease. Cell 222 24725412
2000 Structure of the S15,S6,S18-rRNA complex: assembly of the 30S ribosome central domain. Science (New York, N.Y.) 174 10753109
2013 Ribosomal proteins RPL37, RPS15 and RPS20 regulate the Mdm2-p53-MdmX network. PloS one 140 23874713
2015 Whole-exome sequencing in relapsing chronic lymphocytic leukemia: clinical impact of recurrent RPS15 mutations. Blood 132 26675346
1986 Initiation, attenuation and RNase III processing of transcripts from the Escherichia coli operon encoding ribosomal protein S15 and polynucleotide phosphorylase. Journal of molecular biology 112 3007765
1993 Ribosomal protein S15 from Escherichia coli modulates its own translation by trapping the ribosome on the mRNA initiation loading site. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 109 7685101
1991 Decay of mRNA encoding ribosomal protein S15 of Escherichia coli is initiated by an RNase E-dependent endonucleolytic cleavage that removes the 3' stabilizing stem and loop structure. Journal of molecular biology 108 1704067
1975 An investigation of the 16-S RNA binding sites of ribosomal proteins S4, S8, S15, and S20 FROM Escherichia coli. European journal of biochemistry 105 1091486
1988 Interaction of ribosomal proteins, S6, S8, S15 and S18 with the central domain of 16 S ribosomal RNA. Journal of molecular biology 88 3373530
1985 Oxygen-independent intracellular and oxygen-dependent extracellular killing of Escherichia coli S15 by human polymorphonuclear leukocytes. The Journal of clinical investigation 83 3894419
2000 Crystal structure of the S15-rRNA complex. Nature structural biology 75 10742169
1998 Protein and Mg(2+)-induced conformational changes in the S15 binding site of 16 S ribosomal RNA. Journal of molecular biology 74 9466923
1996 Interaction of the Bacillus stearothermophilus ribosomal protein S15 with 16 S rRNA: I. Defining the minimal RNA site. Journal of molecular biology 62 8794875
1979 The structure of the RNA binding site of ribosomal proteins S8 and S15. The Journal of biological chemistry 62 108264
1998 Effects of polyvalent cations on the folding of an rRNA three-way junction and binding of ribosomal protein S15. RNA (New York, N.Y.) 61 9701289
1984 Interaction of ribosomal proteins S6, S8, S15 and S18 with the central domain of 16 S ribosomal RNA from Escherichia coli. Journal of molecular biology 61 6208366
1977 Isolation of eukaryotic ribosomal proteins. Purification and characterization of the 40 S ribosomal subunit proteins Sa, Sc, S3a, S3b, S5', S9, S10, S11, S12, S14, S15, S15', S16, S17, S18, S19, S20, S21, S26, S27', and S29. The Journal of biological chemistry 60 925037
2001 2.1 and 1.8 A average C(alpha) RMSD structure predictions on two small proteins, HP-36 and s15. Journal of the American Chemical Society 57 11456657
1997 Human fibulin-1D: molecular cloning, expression and similarity with S1-5 protein, a new member of the fibulin gene family. Matrix biology : journal of the International Society for Matrix Biology 57 9106159
1990 Target site of Escherichia coli ribosomal protein S15 on its messenger RNA. Conformation and interaction with the protein. Journal of molecular biology 57 2407855
1995 Molecular dissection of the pseudoknot governing the translational regulation of Escherichia coli ribosomal protein S15. Nucleic acids research 54 7532857
2018 Altered patterns of global protein synthesis and translational fidelity in RPS15-mutated chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Blood 53 30181176
2003 Ribosomal protein S15 represses its own translation via adaptation of an rRNA-like fold within its mRNA. The EMBO journal 50 12682022
1996 Interaction of the Bacillus stearothermophilus ribosomal protein S15 with 16 S rRNA: II. Specificity determinants of RNA-protein recognition. Journal of molecular biology 50 8794876
1988 Evolution of the autosomal chorion locus in Drosophila. I. General organization of the locus and sequence comparisons of genes s15 and s19 in evolutionary distant species. Genetics 50 3136055
1991 rig encodes ribosomal protein S15. The primary structure of mammalian ribosomal protein S15. FEBS letters 49 2044758
1979 Binding sites for ribosomal proteins S8 and S15 in the 16 S RNA of Escherichia coli. Biochimica et biophysica acta 48 380655
2020 Dynamics of uS19 C-Terminal Tail during the Translation Elongation Cycle in Human Ribosomes. Cell reports 47 32268098
2001 Central domain assembly: thermodynamics and kinetics of S6 and S18 binding to an S15-RNA complex. Journal of molecular biology 47 11601845
1990 Translational autocontrol of the Escherichia coli ribosomal protein S15. Journal of molecular biology 47 2407854
1999 The S15 self-incompatibility haplotype in Brassica oleracea includes three S gene family members expressed in stigmas. The Plant cell 46 10330480
1998 Conformational variability of the N-terminal helix in the structure of ribosomal protein S15. Structure (London, England : 1993) 45 9562554
1996 The 16S rRNA binding site of Thermus thermophilus ribosomal protein S15: comparison with Escherichia coli S15, minimum site and structure. RNA (New York, N.Y.) 44 8903343
2023 RPS15 interacted with IGF2BP1 to promote esophageal squamous cell carcinoma development via recognizing m6A modification. Signal transduction and targeted therapy 42 37264021
2011 Dimethylfumarate inhibits MIF-induced proliferation of keratinocytes by inhibiting MSK1 and RSK1 activation and by inducing nuclear p-c-Jun (S63) and p-p53 (S15) expression. Inflammation research : official journal of the European Histamine Research Society ... [et al.] 37 21340650
2006 30S ribosomal subunits can be assembled in vivo without primary binding ribosomal protein S15. RNA (New York, N.Y.) 36 16682557
2005 The first position of a codon placed in the A site of the human 80S ribosome contacts nucleotide C1696 of the 18S rRNA as well as proteins S2, S3, S3a, S30, and S15. Biochemistry 35 15697241
2004 Specific recognition of rpsO mRNA and 16S rRNA by Escherichia coli ribosomal protein S15 relies on both mimicry and site differentiation. Molecular microbiology 35 15101974
1998 Identification in a pseudoknot of a U.G motif essential for the regulation of the expression of ribosomal protein S15. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 33 9482926
1988 The E. coli 16S rRNA binding site of ribosomal protein S15: higher-order structure in the absence and in the presence of the protein. Nucleic acids research 32 2453025
2002 Do mRNA and rRNA binding sites of E.coli ribosomal protein S15 share common structural determinants? Journal of molecular biology 31 12126618
1997 Ribosomal protein S15 from Thermus thermophilus--cloning, sequencing, overexpression of the gene and RNA-binding properties of the protein. European journal of biochemistry 30 9208917
1990 Structural and functional analyses of a yeast mitochondrial ribosomal protein homologous to ribosomal protein S15 of Escherichia coli. Nucleic acids research 28 2263452
1981 Apparent association constants for E. coli ribosomal proteins S4, S7, S8, S15, S17 and S20 binding to 16S RNA. Nucleic acids research 28 7029472
2010 Eukaryote-specific motif of ribosomal protein S15 neighbors A site codon during elongation and termination of translation. Biochimie 27 20206660
1985 Secondary structure of a 345-base RNA fragment covering the S8/S15 protein binding domain of Escherichia coli 16S ribosomal RNA. Biochemistry 27 3907698
2015 Treatment of SMB-S15 Cells with Resveratrol Efficiently Removes the PrP(Sc) Accumulation In Vitro and Prion Infectivity In Vivo. Molecular neurobiology 26 26440667
2001 Interaction of the Bacillus stearothermophilus ribosomal protein S15 with its 5'-translational operator mRNA. Journal of molecular biology 26 11846555
2020 Specific Roles of HSP27 S15 Phosphorylation Augmenting the Nuclear Function of HER2 to Promote Trastuzumab Resistance. Cancers 24 32545363
1994 Structural elements of rps0 mRNA involved in the modulation of translational initiation and regulation of E. coli ribosomal protein S15. Nucleic acids research 24 8041615
2001 Role of conserved nucleotides in building the 16 S rRNA binding site for ribosomal protein S15. Journal of molecular biology 23 11162092
1996 Structure and chromosomal assignment of the human S1-5 gene (FBNL) that is highly homologous to fibrillin. Genomics 23 8812496
2003 Assembly of the central domain of the 30S ribosomal subunit: roles for the primary binding ribosomal proteins S15 and S8. Journal of molecular biology 22 12823975
1995 A pseudoknot is required for efficient translational initiation and regulation of the Escherichia coli rpsO gene coding for ribosomal protein S15. Biochemistry and cell biology = Biochimie et biologie cellulaire 22 8722030
1994 Mutational analysis of the pseudoknot structure of the S15 translational operator from Escherichia coli. Molecular microbiology 22 7830558
1993 Characterization of a structurally tricistronic gene of human cytomegalovirus composed of U(s)18, U(s)19, and U(s)20. Journal of virology 22 8383226
1990 Translational control of ribosomal protein S15. Biochimica et biophysica acta 22 2207162
1987 Primary structures of three highly acidic ribosomal proteins S6, S12 and S15 from the archaebacterium Halobacterium marismortui. FEBS letters 22 3315748
1979 Genes coding for ribosomal proteins S15, L21, and L27 map near argG in Escherichia coli. Journal of bacteriology 22 378941
2021 RPS15 mutations rewire RNA translation in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Blood advances 21 34251413
2020 Preserved antibacterial activity of ribosomal protein S15 during evolution. Molecular immunology 21 32927165
2003 Binding interactions between the core central domain of 16S rRNA and the ribosomal protein S15 determined by molecular dynamics simulations. Nucleic acids research 21 12527771
1984 Nucleotide sequence of the gene for Escherichia coli ribosomal protein S15 (rpsO). Molecular & general genetics : MGG 21 6394953
2015 Ribosomal protein uS19 mutants reveal its role in coordinating ribosome structure and function. Translation (Austin, Tex.) 20 26824029
2005 The binding interface between Bacillus stearothermophilus ribosomal protein S15 and its 5'-translational operator mRNA. Journal of molecular biology 20 16005889
1989 Suppression of the Escherichia coli rpoH opal mutation by ribosomes lacking S15 protein. Journal of bacteriology 19 2646293
1988 Ribosomal proteins S2, S6, S10, S14, S15 and S25 are localized on the surface of mammalian 40 S subunits and stabilize their conformation. A study with immobilized trypsin. FEBS letters 18 3378620
2016 Re-infection of the prion from the scrapie‑infected cell line SMB-S15 in three strains of mice, CD1, C57BL/6 and Balb/c. International journal of molecular medicine 16 26820255
2003 Bonsaï, a ribosomal protein S15 homolog, involved in gut mitochondrial activity and systemic growth. Developmental biology 16 14651932
1988 Protein binding sites on Escherichia coli 16S ribosomal RNA; RNA regions that are protected by proteins S7, S9 and S19, and by proteins S8, S15 and S17. Nucleic acids research 16 3279390
2014 Discovery and validation of novel and distinct RNA regulators for ribosomal protein S15 in diverse bacterial phyla. BMC genomics 15 25104606
2014 Scrapie infection in experimental rodents and SMB-S15 cells decreased the brain endogenous levels and activities of Sirt1. Journal of molecular neuroscience : MN 15 25391763
2005 Binding of helix-threading peptides to E. coli 16S ribosomal RNA and inhibition of the S15-16S complex. Chembiochem : a European journal of chemical biology 15 16245373
2004 Molecular mimicry in translational regulation: the case of ribosomal protein S15. RNA biology 15 17194931
2021 Amphioxus ribosomal proteins RPS15, RPS18, RPS19 and RPS30-precursor act as immune effectors via killing or agglutinating bacteria. Fish & shellfish immunology 14 34487827
2020 mRNA regions where 80S ribosomes pause during translation elongation in vivo interact with protein uS19, a component of the decoding site. Nucleic acids research 14 31802126
2012 Phylogenetic Analysis of Theileria annulata Infected Cell Line S15 Iran Vaccine Strain. Iranian journal of parasitology 13 23109949
1996 Pseudoknot and translational control in the expression of the S15 ribosomal protein. Biochimie 13 8955900
1991 Sequence of the chicken rig gene encoding ribosomal protein S15. Gene 13 1748316
1985 Promoter activity and transcript mapping in the regulatory region for genes encoding ribosomal protein S15 and polynucleotide phosphorylase of Escherichia coli. Gene 13 3005122
1996 Analysis of regulatory elements of the developmentally controlled chorion s15 promoter in transgenic Drosophila. Developmental biology 12 8626011
2015 Co-evolution of Bacterial Ribosomal Protein S15 with Diverse mRNA Regulatory Structures. PLoS genetics 11 26675164
1993 Derivatives of the yeast mitochondrial ribosomal protein MrpS28 replace ribosomal protein S15 as functional components of the Escherichia coli ribosome. Journal of molecular biology 11 8411168
1982 Physical localisation and direction of transcription of the structural gene for Escherichia coli ribosomal protein S15. Gene 11 6290330
2002 Both temperature and medium composition regulate RNase E processing efficiency of the rpsO mRNA coding for ribosomal protein S15 of Escherichia coli. Journal of molecular biology 10 12051911
2011 Plant ornithine decarboxylase is not post-transcriptionally feedback regulated by polyamines but can interact with a cytosolic ribosomal protein S15 polypeptide. Amino acids 9 21814791
2001 Thermodynamics of the helix-coil transition: Binding of S15 and a hybrid sequence, disulfide stabilized peptide to the S-protein. Proteins 9 11170206
1997 Interaction of DA41, a DAN-binding protein, with the epidermal growth factor-like protein, S(1-5). Biochemical and biophysical research communications 9 9268694
1993 Binding affinity of the Drosophila melanogaster CF1/USP protein to the chorion s15 promoter. Biochemical and biophysical research communications 9 8323552
1982 Cloning of rpsO, the gene for ribosomal protein S15 of Escherichia coli. Molecular & general genetics : MGG 9 6759875
2024 Preparation and Mechanistic Exploration of Fermented Shrimp Surimi Gel Utilizing Enterococcus lactis S-15. Food chemistry: X 8 38550895
2019 mTORC1-Rps15 Axis Contributes to the Mechanisms Underlying Global Translation Reduction During Senescence of Mouse Embryonic Fibroblasts. Frontiers in cell and developmental biology 8 31921849
2017 Recognizing RNA structural motifs in HT-SELEX data for ribosomal protein S15. BMC bioinformatics 8 28587636
2004 Ribosomal protein-dependent orientation of the 16 S rRNA environment of S15. Journal of molecular biology 8 14729335
1992 The primary structure of rat rig/ribosomal protein S15 gene. Biochimica et biophysica acta 8 1390896
2021 Uncovering a delicate balance between endonuclease RNase III and ribosomal protein S15 in E. coli ribosome assembly. Biochimie 7 34508826
2021 The C-terminal tail of ribosomal protein Rps15 is engaged in cytoplasmic pre-40S maturation. RNA biology 7 35438042
2020 The functional role of the C-terminal tail of the human ribosomal protein uS19. Biochimica et biophysica acta. Gene regulatory mechanisms 7 31991215
2008 cDNA cloning and sequences analysis of RPS15 from the Giant Panda. Recent patents on DNA & gene sequences 7 19075940
1982 The interaction of mouse myeloma immunoglobulin S15 with negatively charged polysaccharide antigens. Molecular immunology 7 6811862

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