Affinage

RPS16

Small ribosomal subunit protein uS9 · UniProt P62249

Length
146 aa
Mass
16.4 kDa
Annotated
2026-06-10
100 papers in source corpus 17 papers cited in narrative 17 extracted findings
Cross-family judge vs UniProt: Affinage preferred faithfulness: 5/5 claims corpus-supported (100%)

Mechanistic narrative

Synthesis pass · prose summary of the discoveries below

RPS16 (uS9) is an essential small ribosomal subunit protein that occupies a defined structural position in the 30S/40S body near the platform junction on the interface facing the large subunit, where it makes the tightest rRNA contacts of any small-subunit protein (PMID:10997906, PMID:8360163, PMID:11121577). During subunit assembly it functions as a secondary binding protein and a conformational switch: binding to the 5' and central domains of 16S rRNA after the primary proteins S4, S17, and S20, it induces a defined rRNA rearrangement, suppresses a non-native assembly intermediate, and drives a long-range conformational switch at helix 3 that stabilizes pseudoknots in the decoding center (PMID:19343072, PMID:3373529), a role confirmed genetically by the ability of an S16-RimM fusion to satisfy both ribosomal and 30S maturation functions (PMID:11514519). In translation, the conserved C-terminal tail of uS9/Rps16 contacts initiator tRNA in the P-site and, through interaction with Rps5, promotes recruitment of the eIF2·GTP·Met-tRNAi ternary complex, accurate AUG codon recognition during scanning, GTP hydrolysis on eIF2, and elongation fidelity (PMID:24948608, PMID:30481328). In human cells, RPS16 protein stability is governed by the deubiquitylase USP1, which removes K48-linked ubiquitin chains to prevent proteasomal degradation downstream of EGFR-AKT signaling (PMID:34154657, PMID:36261513). The E. coli ortholog additionally exhibits a Mg2+/Mn2+-dependent, structure-specific endonuclease activity with preference for cruciform DNA (PMID:8730873, PMID:9288907).

Mechanistic history

Synthesis pass · year-by-year structured walk · 12 steps
  1. 1985 Medium

    Establishing the genomic organization of RPS16 was needed to distinguish the single functional gene from its pseudogene background and define its transcriptional control.

    Evidence Gene cloning, DNase I sensitivity, hybrid thermal stability, and Northern analysis of the mouse multigene family

    PMID:3915781

    Open questions at the time
    • Does not address protein function or ribosomal role
    • Promoter elements identified but not functionally dissected
  2. 1988 High

    It was unknown where and how S16 integrates into the assembling 30S subunit; chemical probing and neutron scattering showed it is a secondary assembly protein that contacts 16S rRNA and occupies a fixed quaternary position.

    Evidence Rapid chemical probing of 16S rRNA with defined protein sets, and neutron scattering distance mapping of reconstituted 30S subunits

    PMID:3288761 PMID:3373529

    Open questions at the time
    • Mechanism of the rRNA rearrangement not resolved
    • No high-resolution structure of S16 yet
  3. 1993 Medium

    The physical position of S16 on the subunit surface was localized to test models built from biochemical data.

    Evidence Immune electron microscopy of reconstituted 30S subunits with DNP-labeled S16

    PMID:8360163

    Open questions at the time
    • Low resolution relative to later cryo-EM/X-ray
    • Inaccessibility in 70S not mechanistically explained
  4. 1996 Medium

    Whether S16 had activities beyond a structural ribosomal role was unknown; it was found to carry an unexpected metal-dependent endonuclease activity and to bind DNA.

    Evidence Biochemical purification and in vitro endonuclease assays with His-tagged recombinant E. coli S16

    PMID:8730873

    Open questions at the time
    • No active-site mutagenesis to confirm intrinsic activity
    • Physiological relevance of DNA cleavage unknown
  5. 1997 Medium

    The DNA activity was refined to a structure-specific nuclease, clarifying its substrate preference.

    Evidence Gel-retardation with cruciform vs linear DNA and nick mapping on oriC plasmid

    PMID:9288907

    Open questions at the time
    • In vivo role of cruciform recognition not established
    • Single lab; not connected to ribosomal function
  6. 2000 High

    The atomic fold of S16 and its precise placement in the subunit were unresolved until an NMR structure was modeled into 30S electron density.

    Evidence NMR structure of T. thermophilus S16 plus modeling into a 5.5 Å 30S X-ray map; LiCl dissociation analysis of human 40S

    PMID:10997906 PMID:11121577

    Open questions at the time
    • LiCl resistance ranking is correlative for human protein (Low confidence)
    • Functional consequences of the positive electrostatic surface not tested
  7. 2001 Medium

    Whether S16 is genuinely essential for ribosome assembly was tested using a fusion that couples it to a 30S maturation factor.

    Evidence Suppressor genetics and ribosome fractionation of a chromosomal S16-RimM fusion in E. coli

    PMID:11514519

    Open questions at the time
    • Mechanism of how the fusion couples assembly steps not detailed
  8. 2009 High

    How S16 enforces correct assembly was mechanistically defined as a conformational switch that suppresses non-native intermediates and propagates to the decoding center.

    Evidence Hydroxyl radical footprinting during stepwise reconstitution of the 30S 5' domain

    PMID:19343072

    Open questions at the time
    • Kinetics of the switch in vivo not measured
    • Does not extend to eukaryotic 40S assembly directly
  9. 2014 Medium

    The translational function of the eukaryotic ortholog was unknown; its C-terminal tail was shown to contact initiator tRNA and cooperate with Rps5 in preinitiation complex formation.

    Evidence Yeast mutant genetics, polysome profiling, native 40S assays, and GCN4 reporter translation

    PMID:24948608

    Open questions at the time
    • Structural detail of CTT–tRNA contact not resolved
    • Single organism (yeast)
  10. 2019 High

    The discrete initiation steps controlled by the CTT were dissected, assigning it roles in ternary complex recruitment, AUG recognition, GTP hydrolysis, and elongation fidelity.

    Evidence Yeast CTT truncation/substitution alleles with translation reporters, GCN4 induction, and profiling assays

    PMID:30481328

    Open questions at the time
    • Human RPS16 CTT not directly tested
    • Structural basis of GTP hydrolysis coupling unresolved
  11. 2021 Medium

    How human RPS16 protein levels are controlled was unknown; USP1 was identified as a deubiquitylase that removes K48 chains to stabilize RPS16, with functional consequences for cancer cell growth.

    Evidence Reciprocal Co-IP, mass spectrometry, ubiquitination western blots, USP1 catalytic-mutant rescue, and HCC xenografts

    PMID:34154657

    Open questions at the time
    • E3 ligase ubiquitinating RPS16 not identified
    • Whether degradation reflects free vs ribosome-bound RPS16 unclear
  12. 2022 Medium

    The upstream signaling controlling RPS16 stability was placed in an EGFR-AKT-USP1 axis, and separate work implicated RPS16 in antiviral and miRNA regulation.

    Evidence Pharmacological/genetic perturbation with xenografts (EGFR-AKT-USP1); siRNA knockdown with interferon reporters and let-7 targeting for IAV

    PMID:35873150 PMID:36261513

    Open questions at the time
    • Interferon link is correlative without direct mechanism (Low confidence)
    • Connection between stability regulation and ribosome biogenesis not tested

Open questions

Synthesis pass · forward-looking unresolved questions
  • It remains unresolved whether the conformational-switch and translation-fidelity roles defined in bacteria/yeast operate identically in the human ribosome, and how RPS16 ubiquitin turnover intersects with ribosome biogenesis.
  • No direct human CTT functional data
  • E3 ligase and degradation context unknown
  • Structure-specific nuclease activity of human ortholog untested

Mechanism profile

Synthesis pass · controlled-vocabulary classification · explore literature graph →
Molecular activity
GO:0003723 RNA binding 3 GO:0003677 DNA binding 2 GO:0005198 structural molecule activity 2 GO:0140097 catalytic activity, acting on DNA 2
Localization
GO:0005840 ribosome 3
Pathway
R-HSA-1852241 Organelle biogenesis and maintenance 3 R-HSA-392499 Metabolism of proteins 2
Partners
RIMMRPS5USP1
Complex memberships
30S/40S small ribosomal subunit

Evidence

Reading pass · 17 per-paper findings extracted from the source corpus
Year Finding Method Journal Conf PMIDs
2009 During assembly of the E. coli 30S ribosomal subunit 5' domain, ribosomal protein S16 (RPS16/uS9) acts as a conformational switch: after S4, S17, and S20 bind the 5' domain RNA, S16 suppresses a non-native assembly intermediate and drives a conformational switch at helix 3 that stabilizes pseudoknots in the 30S decoding center, communicating long-range with the decoding center. Hydroxyl radical footprinting of rRNA tertiary interactions during stepwise reconstitution of the 30S 5' domain Nature structural & molecular biology High 19343072
1988 Ribosomal protein S16 (RPS16/uS9) binds the 5' and central domains of 16S rRNA; assembly of S16 (in the presence of primary binding proteins S4, S8, S20) protects nucleotides ~50, 120, 300–330, and 360 in the 5' domain and 606–630 in the central domain, and triggers a rearrangement of the 300-region stem-loop, demonstrating S16 is a secondary assembly protein whose binding induces a defined rRNA conformational change. Rapid chemical probing (DMS/kethoxal/CMCT modification) of 16S rRNA in the presence of defined sets of ribosomal proteins Journal of molecular biology High 3373529
2000 Solution NMR structure of Thermus thermophilus S16 (RPS16/uS9) was determined; S16 is a mixed α/β protein with a novel five-stranded antiparallel/parallel β-sheet scaffold, three large partially disordered loops, two α-helices packed against the concave sheet surface, and a large continuous positive electrostatic surface. Modeling into a 5.5 Å 30S electron-density map placed S16 in a narrow crevice formed by helix 21 and other rRNA helices, consistent with hydroxyl radical protection data. NMR structure determination combined with modeling into 5.5 Å X-ray electron density of T. thermophilus 30S subunit Structure High 10997906
1988 Neutron scattering distance measurements completed the positioning of S16 (RPS16/uS9) within the quaternary map of the E. coli 30S ribosomal subunit, establishing inter-protein distances to 32 other small-subunit proteins. Neutron scattering with isotopically labeled reconstituted 30S subunits Journal of molecular biology High 3288761
1996 E. coli ribosomal protein S16 (RPS16/uS9) possesses a Mg²⁺/Mn²⁺-dependent endonuclease activity and binds DNA, an unexpected activity for a ribosomal protein; this nuclease activity was dissociated from the co-purifying HU protein by denaturation-renaturation, and confirmed using overproduced His-tagged S16. Biochemical purification, overexpression of His-tagged S16, in vitro endonuclease assay with supercoiled DNA Molecular microbiology Medium 8730873
1997 E. coli S16 (RPS16/uS9) is a structure-specific DNA-binding protein that preferentially binds cruciform DNA; its nicking activity on oriC is not random but localized near palindromic sequences, with cuts occurring adjacent to adenine (usually unpaired) followed by GTT, indicating sequence-dependent endonuclease activity. Gel-retardation assays with cruciform vs. linear DNA substrates; mapping of nicks in oriC-containing plasmid European journal of biochemistry Medium 9288907
2001 A chromosomal S16-RimM fusion protein in E. coli can substitute for native S16 in the ribosome and simultaneously fulfill the RimM 30S maturation function: the hybrid protein associates with both free 30S subunits and 70S ribosomes, suppressing growth defects caused by a RimM assembly-defective mutation, establishing S16 as an essential ribosome assembly protein. Suppressor genetics, chromosomal fusion construction, sedimentation/fractionation of ribosomes Journal of bacteriology Medium 11514519
2014 Yeast Rps16 (uS9) C-terminal tail (CTT) contacts initiator tRNA in the P-site; the interaction between the N-terminal domain of Rps5 (RPS7) and Rps16 modulates Rps16-CTT association with Met-tRNAi to promote proper 48S preinitiation complex formation, as shown by genetic epistasis and biochemical analysis of native 40S subunits. Mutant yeast genetics, polysome profiling, native 40S subunit accumulation assays, GCN4 reporter translation Nucleic acids research Medium 24948608
2019 The C-terminal tail (CTT) of yeast uS9/Rps16 (human RPS16 ortholog) is critical for: (i) efficient recruitment of the eIF2·GTP·Met-tRNAi ternary complex to the 40S ribosome; (ii) proper AUG codon recognition in the P-site during scanning; (iii) GTP hydrolysis in the eIF2 ternary complex; and (iv) elongation fidelity. CTT truncations, extensions, and substitutions each disrupt these steps. Yeast genetics with CTT truncation/substitution alleles, translation reporter assays, GCN4 induction, ribosome profiling-type analyses Nucleic acids research High 30481328
2021 USP1 deubiquitylase interacts with human RPS16 and removes K48-linked ubiquitin chains from it, preventing proteasome-dependent degradation. USP1 depletion increases K48-ubiquitinated RPS16 and reduces RPS16 protein levels; overexpression of catalytically active USP1 (not the C90A DUB-inactive mutant) stabilizes RPS16. RPS16 deficiency mimics USP1 depletion in inhibiting HCC cell growth and metastasis. Co-immunoprecipitation, mass spectrometry, western blotting for ubiquitinated RPS16, overexpression of WT vs. catalytic mutant USP1, xenograft mouse models Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research Medium 34154657
2022 RPS16 protein stability is regulated by the EGFR-AKT-USP1 signaling axis in HCC cells: EGF stimulation promotes USP1 expression and thereby stabilizes RPS16; gefitinib (EGFR inhibitor) or USP1 knockdown reduces RPS16 levels. SNS-032 (CDK inhibitor) induces RPS16 degradation, and this is reversible by reactivating EGFR-AKT or overexpressing USP1. Pharmacological inhibition (gefitinib, SNS-032), siRNA knockdown, co-immunoprecipitation, western blotting, xenograft mouse models Acta pharmacologica Sinica Medium 36261513
2008 Mutations in human mitochondrial ribosomal protein MRPS16 (a mitochondrial paralog related to RPS16) cause loss of most of MRPS11 from the small subunit, indicating that MRPS16 is required for proper assembly of the mitochondrial small ribosomal subunit; the large subunit (MRPL13, MRPL15) remains substantially intact. Analysis of patient fibroblasts with MRPS16 mutations; western blotting for multiple ribosomal subunit proteins Mitochondrion Medium 18539099
1991 The first 31 nucleotides of the mouse S16 (RPS16) mRNA 5'-UTR are necessary and sufficient (when at the 5' end) to confer inefficient, differentiation-regulated translation on a reporter mRNA; the same sequence in an internal position does not confer this property. Only eIF-4F and eIF-3 supplementation stimulated S16 mRNA translation in reticulocyte extracts, implicating cap-recognition and 43S complex assembly as rate-limiting steps. Chimeric mRNA transfection, in vitro translation in reticulocyte extracts supplemented with purified initiation factors, polysome gradient analysis Genes & development Medium 1885008
1985 The mouse RPS16 multigene family contains one expressed intron-containing gene and at least nine inactive processed pseudogenes; chromatin condensation, thermal stability hybridization, and restriction analysis distinguish the expressed gene, which is transcribed from a promoter region lacking a canonical TATA box but containing a conserved 12-nt pyrimidine cap-site sequence shared with other ribosomal protein genes. Gene cloning, DNase I sensitivity analysis, thermal stability of cDNA-gene hybrids, restriction fragment analysis, Northern blot of nuclear poly(A)+ RNA Molecular and cellular biology Medium 3915781
2000 Human 40S ribosomal subunit proteins S7, S10, S16 (RPS16), and S19 are the most resistant to dissociation by high salt (up to 1.55 M LiCl), suggesting they are core proteins with the tightest rRNA interactions. Sucrose-LiCl gradient centrifugation, SDS-PAGE and 2D-PAGE analysis of dissociated proteins Biochimica et biophysica acta Low 11121577
2022 Knockdown of RPS16 expression in host cells increases type I interferon expression and inhibits influenza A virus replication, placing RPS16 as a negative regulator of the interferon response during IAV infection. The microRNA let-7 targets the 3'-UTR of RPS16 mRNA, reducing RPS16 levels. siRNA knockdown of RPS16, overexpression of let-7b/let-7f, interferon reporter and qRT-PCR assays, viral replication assay Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology Low 35873150
1993 Immune electron microscopy of reconstituted E. coli 30S subunits containing dinitrophenyl-labeled S16 localized S16 to the body of the 30S subunit near the junction with the platform, on the surface facing the 50S subunit; S16 was not accessible to antibody in 70S ribosomes. Immune electron microscopy of reconstituted 30S subunits with DNP-labeled S16 and anti-DNP antibodies Journal of biological chemistry Medium 8360163

Source papers

Stage 0 corpus · 100 papers · ranked by NIH iCite citations
Year Title Journal Citations PMID
1985 Characterization of the multigene family encoding the mouse S16 ribosomal protein: strategy for distinguishing an expressed gene from its processed pseudogene counterparts by an analysis of total genomic DNA. Molecular and cellular biology 188 3915781
2000 Role of pseudorabies virus Us9, a type II membrane protein, in infection of tissue culture cells and the rat nervous system. Journal of virology 105 10623746
2018 Human cytomegalovirus-encoded US9 targets MAVS and STING signaling to evade type I interferon immune responses. Nature communications 99 29317664
2013 Long tail fibres of the novel broad-host-range T-even bacteriophage S16 specifically recognize Salmonella OmpC. Molecular microbiology 98 23289425
1983 The nucleotide sequence of an Escherichia coli operon containing genes for the tRNA(m1G)methyltransferase, the ribosomal proteins S16 and L19 and a 21-K polypeptide. The EMBO journal 98 6357787
2000 Phylogeny and classification of Oleaceae based on rps16 and trnL-F sequence data. American journal of botany 96 11118421
1998 The Us9 gene product of pseudorabies virus, an alphaherpesvirus, is a phosphorylated, tail-anchored type II membrane protein. Journal of virology 96 9573219
1988 Positions of S2, S13, S16, S17, S19 and S21 in the 30 S ribosomal subunit of Escherichia coli. Journal of molecular biology 88 3288761
2007 Characterization of environmentally friendly nicotine degradation by Pseudomonas putida biotype A strain S16. Microbiology (Reading, England) 84 17464070
2018 Salmonella Phage S16 Tail Fiber Adhesin Features a Rare Polyglycine Rich Domain for Host Recognition. Structure (London, England : 1993) 81 30244968
2008 Herpes simplex virus gE/gI and US9 proteins promote transport of both capsids and virion glycoproteins in neuronal axons. Journal of virology 81 18753205
1988 Interaction of proteins S16, S17 and S20 with 16 S ribosomal RNA. Journal of molecular biology 79 3373529
2007 Pseudorabies virus Us9 directs axonal sorting of viral capsids. Journal of virology 70 17686845
2017 Modified Bacteriophage S16 Long Tail Fiber Proteins for Rapid and Specific Immobilization and Detection of Salmonella Cells. Applied and environmental microbiology 68 28411223
1986 The 10K virion phosphoprotein encoded by gene US9 from herpes simplex virus type 1. Virology 68 3008413
2009 Anterograde spread of herpes simplex virus type 1 requires glycoprotein E and glycoprotein I but not Us9. Journal of virology 66 19570876
2000 Directional transneuronal infection by pseudorabies virus is dependent on an acidic internalization motif in the Us9 cytoplasmic tail. Journal of virology 63 10775591
2008 The effect of mutated mitochondrial ribosomal proteins S16 and S22 on the assembly of the small and large ribosomal subunits in human mitochondria. Mitochondrion 62 18539099
1991 Sequences mediating the translation of mouse S16 ribosomal protein mRNA during myoblast differentiation and in vitro and possible control points for the in vitro translation. Genes & development 62 1885008
2008 A novel gene, encoding 6-hydroxy-3-succinoylpyridine hydroxylase, involved in nicotine degradation by Pseudomonas putida strain S16. Applied and environmental microbiology 60 18203859
1977 Isolation of eukaryotic ribosomal proteins. Purification and characterization of the 40 S ribosomal subunit proteins Sa, Sc, S3a, S3b, S5', S9, S10, S11, S12, S14, S15, S15', S16, S17, S18, S19, S20, S21, S26, S27', and S29. The Journal of biological chemistry 60 925037
1990 The primary structure of rat ribosomal protein S16. FEBS letters 59 2332055
2008 Novel nicotine oxidoreductase-encoding gene involved in nicotine degradation by Pseudomonas putida strain S16. Applied and environmental microbiology 57 19060159
1989 A characterization of the elements comprising the promoter of the mouse ribosomal protein gene RPS16. Nucleic acids research 57 2762128
1999 An integral membrane green fluorescent protein marker, Us9-GFP, is quantitatively retained in cells during propidium iodide-based cell cycle analysis by flow cytometry. Experimental cell research 55 10094838
1999 Intracellular trafficking and localization of the pseudorabies virus Us9 type II envelope protein to host and viral membranes. Journal of virology 55 10196335
2008 Targeting of pseudorabies virus structural proteins to axons requires association of the viral Us9 protein with lipid rafts. PLoS pathogens 54 18483549
1992 The equine herpesvirus type 1 (EHV-1) homolog of herpes simplex virus type 1 US9 and the nature of a major deletion within the unique short segment of the EHV-1 KyA strain genome. Virology 54 1326805
2003 The origin and evolution of Eragrostis tef (Poaceae) and related polyploids: evidence from nuclear waxy and plastid rps16. American journal of botany 51 21659086
2021 USP1-dependent RPS16 protein stability drives growth and metastasis of human hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research : CR 49 34154657
1990 Sequence and transcriptional analysis of the barley ctDNA region upstream of psbD-psbC encoding trnK(UUU), rps16, trnQ(UUG), psbK, psbI, and trnS(GCU). Current genetics 49 1694111
2015 Prevention vaginally of HIV-1 transmission in humanized BLT mice and mode of antiviral action of polyanionic carbosilane dendrimer G2-S16. Nanomedicine : nanotechnology, biology, and medicine 45 25959924
2000 Molecular phylogenetics of subfamily Calamoideae (Palmae) based on nrDNA ITS and cpDNA rps16 intron sequence data. Molecular phylogenetics and evolution 43 10679155
2012 Herpes simplex virus membrane proteins gE/gI and US9 act cooperatively to promote transport of capsids and glycoproteins from neuron cell bodies into initial axon segments. Journal of virology 41 23077321
2002 Bovine herpesvirus 5 (BHV-5) Us9 is essential for BHV-5 neuropathogenesis. Journal of virology 39 11907224
1996 Association of the tetraspan protein CD9 with integrins on the surface of S-16 Schwann cells. Journal of neurochemistry 39 8931484
2002 Human cytomegalovirus US7, US8, US9, and US10 are cytoplasmic glycoproteins, not found at cell surfaces, and US9 does not mediate cell-to-cell spread. Journal of virology 38 11992003
2017 Herpes Simplex Virus gE/gI and US9 Promote both Envelopment and Sorting of Virus Particles in the Cytoplasm of Neurons, Two Processes That Precede Anterograde Transport in Axons. Journal of virology 37 28331094
1991 Molecular cloning and sequence analysis of the human ribosomal protein S16. The Journal of biological chemistry 37 2016298
1987 The synthesis of ribosomal proteins S16 and L32 is not autogenously regulated during mouse myoblast differentiation. Molecular and cellular biology 36 3437894
2021 Lactobacillus paracasei S16 Alleviates Lumbar Disc Herniation by Modulating Inflammation Response and Gut Microbiota. Frontiers in nutrition 34 34447774
1978 A transducing lambda phage carrying grpE, a bacterial gene necessary for lambda DNA replication, and two ribosomal protein genes, rpsP (S16) and rplS (L19). Molecular & general genetics : MGG 34 368561
2009 S16 throws a conformational switch during assembly of 30S 5' domain. Nature structural & molecular biology 33 19343072
1996 Accessory human cytomegalovirus glycoprotein US9 in the unique short component of the viral genome promotes cell-to-cell transmission of virus in polarized epithelial cells. Journal of virology 30 8970961
1987 The primary structures of ribosomal proteins S14 and S16 from the archaebacterium Halobacterium marismortui. Comparison with eubacterial and eukaryotic ribosomal proteins. The Journal of biological chemistry 29 3305503
2021 Nitrogen removal characteristics and potential application of the heterotrophic nitrifying-aerobic denitrifying bacteria Pseudomonas mendocina S16 and Enterobacter cloacae DS'5 isolated from aquaculture wastewater ponds. Bioresource technology 28 34910970
1997 Us9, a stable lysine-less herpes simplex virus 1 protein, is ubiquitinated before packaging into virions and associates with proteasomes. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 28 9391137
2010 Herpes simplex virus type 1 strain KOS carries a defective US9 and a mutated US8A gene. The Journal of general virology 27 20861322
2014 An unusual repressor controls the expression of a crucial nicotine-degrading gene cluster in Pseudomonas putida S16. Molecular microbiology 26 24471758
2021 The evolutionary fate of rpl32 and rps16 losses in the Euphorbia schimperi (Euphorbiaceae) plastome. Scientific reports 25 33811236
2014 Mechanism of the 6-hydroxy-3-succinoyl-pyridine 3-monooxygenase flavoprotein from Pseudomonas putida S16. The Journal of biological chemistry 25 25172510
2009 Comparison of the pseudorabies virus Us9 protein with homologs from other veterinary and human alphaherpesviruses. Journal of virology 25 19420087
2007 Envelope protein Us9 is required for the anterograde transport of bovine herpesvirus type 1 from trigeminal ganglia to nose and eye upon reactivation. Journal of neurovirology 25 17849322
2022 SNS-023 sensitizes hepatocellular carcinoma to sorafenib by inducing degradation of cancer drivers SIX1 and RPS16. Acta pharmacologica Sinica 23 36261513
1996 The Escherichia coli ribosomal protein S16 is an endonuclease. Molecular microbiology 23 8730873
2013 Role of Us9 phosphorylation in axonal sorting and anterograde transport of pseudorabies virus. PloS one 22 23527020
1999 Spontaneous BHV1 recombinants in which the gI/gE/US9 region is replaced by a duplication/inversion of the US1.5/US2 region. Archives of virology 21 10486108
2000 The translational apparatus of Tortula ruralis: polysomal retention of transcripts encoding the ribosomal proteins RPS14, RPS16 and RPL23 in desiccated and rehydrated gametophytes. Journal of experimental botany 20 11053454
1995 Deletion mutants in human cytomegalovirus glycoprotein US9 are impaired in cell-cell transmission and in altering tight junctions of polarized human retinal pigment epithelial cells. Scandinavian journal of infectious diseases. Supplementum 20 8668948
1992 Nucleotide sequence analysis of a homologue of herpes simplex virus type 1 gene US9 found in the genome of simian herpes B virus. The Journal of general virology 20 1309859
2006 The Us9 gene of bovine herpesvirus 1 (BHV-1) effectively complements a Us9-null strain of BHV-5 for anterograde transport, neurovirulence, and neuroinvasiveness in a rabbit model. Journal of virology 19 16611899
2020 Characterization of the Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) Tegument Proteins That Bind to gE/gI and US9, Which Promote Assembly of HSV and Transport into Neuronal Axons. Journal of virology 17 32938770
2019 Poly-3-hydroxybutyrate and H2 production by Rhodopseudomonas sp. S16-VOGS3 grown in a new generation photobioreactor under single or combined nutrient deficiency. International journal of biological macromolecules 17 31158419
2000 Proteins S7, S10, S16 and S19 of the human 40S ribosomal subunit are most resistant to dissociation by salt. Biochimica et biophysica acta 17 11121577
2019 G2-S16 sulfonate dendrimer as new therapy for treatment failure in HIV-1 entry inhibitors. Nanomedicine (London, England) 16 31066644
2016 Myelin-related gene silencing mediated by LPA1 - Rho/ROCK signaling is correlated to acetylation of NFκB in S16 Schwann cells. Journal of pharmacological sciences 16 27681370
1980 Purification of Drosophila ribosomal proteins. Isolation of proteins S8, S13, S14, S16, S19, S20/L24, S22/L26, S24, S25/S27, S26, S29, L4, L10/L11, L12, L13, L16, L18, L19, L27, 1, 7/8, 9, and 11. Biochemistry 16 6773542
2013 Structural and computational studies of the maleate isomerase from Pseudomonas putida S16 reveal a breathing motion wrapping the substrate inside. Molecular microbiology 15 23347155
1997 Nucleotide sequence of canine herpesvirus homologues of herpes simplex virus type 1 US2, US3, glycoproteins I and E, US8.5 and US9 genes. DNA sequence : the journal of DNA sequencing and mapping 14 9524817
1978 Genes encoding ribosomal proteins S16 and L19 form a gene cluster at 56.4 min in Escherichia coli. Molecular & general genetics : MGG 14 368562
2023 Homodimer-mediated phosphorylation of C/EBPα-p42 S16 modulates acute myeloid leukaemia differentiation through liquid-liquid phase separation. Nature communications 13 37903757
2022 MicroRNA let-7 Suppresses Influenza A Virus Infection by Targeting RPS16 and Enhancing Type I Interferon Response. Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology 13 35873150
2015 Dysregulated COL3A1 and RPL8, RPS16, and RPS23 in Disc Degeneration Revealed by Bioinformatics Methods. Spine 13 25893343
2015 Characterization of Pseudooxynicotine Amine Oxidase of Pseudomonas putida S16 that Is Crucial for Nicotine Degradation. Scientific reports 13 26634650
2014 Rps5-Rps16 communication is essential for efficient translation initiation in yeast S. cerevisiae. Nucleic acids research 13 24948608
2009 Human cytomegalovirus US9 protein contains an N-terminal signal sequence and a C-terminal mitochondrial localization domain, and does not alter cellular sensitivity to apoptosis. The Journal of general virology 13 19264602
2000 Another piece of the ribosome: solution structure of S16 and its location in the 30S subunit. Structure (London, England : 1993) 13 10997906
1992 A 16 kb small single-copy region separates the plastid DNA inverted repeat of the unicellular red alga Cyanidium caldarium: physical mapping of the IR-flanking regions and nucleotide sequences of the psbD-psbC, rps16, 5S rRNA and rpl21 genes. Plant molecular biology 13 1511125
1977 The complete amino acid sequence of protein S16 from Escherichia coli. Hoppe-Seyler's Zeitschrift fur physiologische Chemie 13 336510
2019 Characterization of maltocin S16, a phage tail-like bacteriocin with antibacterial activity against Stenotrophomonas maltophilia and Escherichia coli. Journal of applied microbiology 12 31021024
2015 Us9-Independent Axonal Sorting and Transport of the Pseudorabies Virus Glycoprotein gM. Journal of virology 12 25833054
1997 The ribosomal S16 protein of Escherichia coli displaying a DNA-nicking activity binds to cruciform DNA. European journal of biochemistry 12 9288907
2008 Fusion of enhanced green fluorescent protein to the pseudorabies virus axonal sorting protein Us9 blocks anterograde spread of infection in mammalian neurons. Journal of virology 11 18684822
2016 Molecular association of herpes simplex virus type 1 glycoprotein E with membrane protein Us9. Archives of virology 10 27568015
2013 Delivery of herpes simplex virus to retinal ganglion cell axon is dependent on viral protein Us9. Investigative ophthalmology & visual science 10 23322573
2001 Hybrid protein between ribosomal protein S16 and RimM of Escherichia coli retains the ribosome maturation function of both proteins. Journal of bacteriology 10 11514519
2014 Molecular features contributing to virus-independent intracellular localization and dynamic behavior of the herpesvirus transport protein US9. PloS one 9 25133647
2009 Structural motifs of the bacterial ribosomal proteins S20, S18 and S16 that contact rRNA present in the eukaryotic ribosomal proteins S25, S26 and S27A, respectively. Nucleic acids research 9 20034956
2005 Experimental infection of calves with a gI, gE, US9 negative bovine herpesvirus type 5. Comparative immunology, microbiology and infectious diseases 9 15857658
2022 The enzyme pseudooxynicotine amine oxidase from Pseudomonas putida S16 is not an oxidase, but a dehydrogenase. The Journal of biological chemistry 8 35835223
2019 Role of the uS9/yS16 C-terminal tail in translation initiation and elongation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Nucleic acids research 8 30481328
2019 Combination of G2-S16 dendrimer/dapivirine antiretroviral as a new HIV-1 microbicide. Future medicinal chemistry 8 31710246
2014 Macromolecular crowding effects on two homologs of ribosomal protein s16: protein-dependent structural changes and local interactions. Biophysical journal 8 25028882
2011 The bovine herpesvirus type 1 envelope protein Us9 acidic domain is crucial for anterograde axonal transport. Veterinary microbiology 8 21640524
1993 Placement of dinitrophenyl-modified ribosomal proteins in totally reconstituted Escherichia coli 30 S subunits. Localization of proteins S6, S13, S16, and S18 by immune electron microscopy. The Journal of biological chemistry 8 8360163
2019 G2-S16 dendrimer microbicide does not interfere with the vaginal immune system. Journal of nanobiotechnology 7 31092246
2017 The lipid raft-dwelling protein US9 can be manipulated to target APP compartmentalization, APP processing, and neurodegenerative disease pathogenesis. Scientific reports 7 29118375
1983 Mapping of the genes for Bacillus subtilis ribosomal proteins S6 and S16: comparison of the chromosomal distribution of ribosomal protein genes in this bacterium with the distribution in Escherichia coli. Molecular & general genetics : MGG 7 6419023
2015 Functional Identification of a Novel Gene, moaE, for 3-Succinoylpyridine Degradation in Pseudomonas putida S16. Scientific reports 6 26304596
2001 The chorion genes of the medfly. II. DNA sequence evolution of the autosomal chorion genes s18, s15, s19 and s16 in Diptera. Gene 6 11404001

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