Affinage

CAPRIN1

Caprin-1 · UniProt Q14444

Length
709 aa
Mass
78.4 kDa
Annotated
2026-04-28
78 papers in source corpus 33 papers cited in narrative 32 extracted findings

Mechanistic narrative

Synthesis pass · prose summary of the discoveries below

CAPRIN1 is a cytoplasmic RNA-binding phosphoprotein that functions as a central scaffold for stress granule assembly and mRNA translational regulation, with roles spanning cell proliferation, innate antiviral immunity, and synaptic plasticity. Its C-terminal RGG motifs selectively bind specific mRNAs (c-Myc, cyclin D2, STAT1, NCOA4) to repress or promote their translation, while its N-terminal GIM motif binds the NTF2-like domain of G3BP1 in a mutually exclusive manner with USP10, thereby tuning stress granule condensation (PMID:17210633, PMID:27022092, PMID:36279435). CAPRIN1 undergoes liquid–liquid phase separation driven by arginine- and aromatic-rich intrinsically disordered region interactions that are modulated by phosphorylation, O-GlcNAcylation, ATP, and noncoding RNAs, and these condensates serve as platforms for translational repression, client protein recruitment, and RNA degradation via XRN2 (PMID:31439799, PMID:34074792, PMID:36040869, PMID:36495875). In neurons, CAPRIN1 is essential for dendritic mRNA localization governing Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase function, AMPA receptor scaling, and long-term memory formation, while in innate immunity it activates PKR and promotes interferon-stimulated gene translation (PMID:20861386, PMID:29157358, PMID:25784705, PMID:24992036).

Mechanistic history

Synthesis pass · year-by-year structured walk · 14 steps
  1. 2005 High

    Establishing that CAPRIN1 is required for cell proliferation answered whether the gene has a cell-autonomous growth function, revealing it as essential for G1-to-S progression.

    Evidence Homologous recombination knockout in DT40 cells with conditional rescue and cell cycle analysis

    PMID:16177067

    Open questions at the time
    • Mechanism of G1-S promotion unknown — target mRNAs not yet identified
    • No mammalian in vivo proliferation data at this point
  2. 2007 High

    Identification of the G3BP1-binding GIM motif and the RNA-binding RGG motifs defined CAPRIN1 as a modular RNA-granule scaffold that selectively binds c-Myc and cyclin D2 mRNAs and induces stress granule formation via eIF2α phosphorylation.

    Evidence Mutagenesis of GIM and RGG motifs, co-IP, RNA-binding assays, eIF2α phosphorylation, immunofluorescence

    PMID:17210633

    Open questions at the time
    • Structural basis of GIM–NTF2 interaction unresolved
    • Mechanism linking CAPRIN1 overexpression to eIF2α phosphorylation not delineated
  3. 2010 High

    Knockout mice revealed that CAPRIN1 controls dendritic mRNA localization of Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase subunit transcripts, establishing its role in neuronal compartment-specific translation and synapse maintenance.

    Evidence Caprin1 KO mice with subcellular mRNA fractionation, electrophysiology, synapse morphology

    PMID:20861386

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether CAPRIN1 directly transports these mRNAs or acts indirectly through granule partners not resolved
    • Behavioral consequences not yet tested
  4. 2012 High

    Discovery that CAPRIN1 interacts with FMRP in neuronal RNP complexes on polysomes, and that viral core proteins (JEV) hijack CAPRIN1 to suppress stress granules, established CAPRIN1 as both a neuronal translational regulator and a viral target.

    Evidence Co-IP/in vitro binding with polysome fractionation (FMRP); affinity-capture MS with mutagenesis and in vivo virulence (JEV)

    PMID:22737234 PMID:23097442

    Open questions at the time
    • Structural basis of CAPRIN1–FMRP interaction unknown
    • Whether FMRP and G3BP1 bind CAPRIN1 simultaneously or competitively not tested
  5. 2014 High

    Demonstrating that CAPRIN1/G3BP1/G3BP2 are required for ISG mRNA translation, and that dengue sfRNA sequesters them, revealed CAPRIN1 as a positive translational regulator of innate immune transcripts and a target of viral immune evasion.

    Evidence siRNA knockdown, polysome profiling, RNA immunoprecipitation, dengue infection assays

    PMID:24992036

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether CAPRIN1 directly loads ISG mRNAs onto ribosomes or acts via G3BP unclear
    • Breadth of ISG mRNA targets not comprehensively mapped
  6. 2015 High

    Identification of a G3BP1–CAPRIN1–PKR complex that activates PKR at stress granules and releases it for antiviral signaling established CAPRIN1 as a platform for innate immune kinase activation.

    Evidence Direct binding assays, co-IP, PKR activity assays, mengovirus infection model

    PMID:25784705

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether CAPRIN1 allosterically activates PKR or merely concentrates it in granules not distinguished
    • Generalizability beyond mengovirus not tested
  7. 2016 High

    Structural and genetic dissection showed that CAPRIN1 and USP10 compete for the same G3BP1-NTF2 surface with opposing effects on stress granule condensation, and that CAPRIN1 homodimerizes via a novel α-helical fold creating a binding groove for FMRP.

    Evidence G3BP1/2 DKO rescue with mutants; X-ray crystallography of CAPRIN1 fragment (residues 132–251)

    PMID:27022092 PMID:27303792

    Open questions at the time
    • Full-length structure of CAPRIN1–G3BP1–FMRP ternary complex not determined
    • How CAPRIN1 dimerization affects RNA binding not tested
  8. 2017 High

    Caprin1 KO mice showed severe long-term memory deficits with impaired dendritic mRNA asymmetry and attenuated AMPA receptor homeostatic scaling, establishing CAPRIN1 as essential for synaptic plasticity and cognitive function.

    Evidence KO mice, behavioral testing, genome-wide mRNA profiling, electrophysiology, AMPAR surface expression

    PMID:29157358

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether the memory deficit is cell-autonomous to excitatory neurons not resolved
    • Contribution of individual CAPRIN1-dependent mRNAs to the phenotype not dissected
  9. 2019 High

    NMR and phosphomimetic studies revealed that CAPRIN1 C-terminal IDR phase separation is driven by arginine–aromatic interactions and tuned by differential phosphorylation, providing the biophysical basis for stress granule condensation; separately, SPOP was identified as the E3 ligase adaptor mediating CAPRIN1 ubiquitin-dependent degradation, with cancer-associated SPOP mutants stabilizing CAPRIN1 and promoting aberrant SG assembly.

    Evidence NMR of condensed phases, phosphomimetic mutagenesis, in vitro deadenylation/translation (phase separation); yeast two-hybrid, ubiquitination assays, xenograft models (SPOP)

    PMID:31439799 PMID:31771591

    Open questions at the time
    • Which kinases phosphorylate CAPRIN1 tyrosines in vivo not identified
    • Whether SPOP-mediated degradation occurs at stress granules or in the soluble phase unknown
  10. 2021 High

    Atomic-resolution NMR mapped specific side-chain contacts driving CAPRIN1 phase separation and showed that ATP and O-GlcNAcylation bidirectionally modulate condensation, while noncoding RNAs (lncRNA GIRGL) were found to promote CAPRIN1 LLPS and translational repression of specific mRNAs.

    Evidence NMR with mutagenesis and ATP/O-GlcNAc titrations; RIP, LLPS assays, translational reporters for GIRGL

    PMID:33762340 PMID:34074792

    Open questions at the time
    • In vivo O-GlcNAcylation stoichiometry on CAPRIN1 not determined
    • How lncRNA binding remodels CAPRIN1 IDR conformation not structurally resolved
  11. 2022 High

    Crystal structures of G3BP1-NTF2 with Caprin-1 SLiM revealed a distinct binding site (His-31/His-62), and functional studies demonstrated that CAPRIN1's N-terminal GIM suppresses while its C-terminal domain promotes LLPS, establishing 'yin-and-yang' regulation; separately, CAPRIN1 was shown to promote RNA degradation via XRN2 in ESC differentiation, and a disease-linked P512L variant caused aberrant aggregation with sequestration of neurodegeneration-associated proteins.

    Evidence X-ray crystallography, nano-DSF, LLPS assays, ratiometric fluorescence (G3BP1-NTF2); CAPRIN1 KO ESCs, RIP-seq, SLAM-seq (XRN2); iPSC-derived neurons, solubility assays (P512L)

    PMID:36136249 PMID:36279435 PMID:36495875 PMID:37161291

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether pH-dependent SG regulation via His residues operates in physiological stress not tested in vivo
    • XRN2 recruitment mechanism to CAPRIN1 granules not structurally defined
    • P512L disease causality in humans requires genetic replication
  12. 2023 Medium

    CAPRIN1 was linked to autophagy-mediated antiviral defense via ATG16L1/WIPI2B interaction for norovirus control, and circIPO7 was found to competitively block CAPRIN1–G3BP1 binding to suppress translation of EGFR/mTOR mRNAs.

    Evidence Co-IP, viral replication assays, IFN-γ treatment (norovirus); RNA pull-down, polysome fractionation, competition assays (circIPO7)

    PMID:36732659 PMID:37052473

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether CAPRIN1 is a direct autophagy receptor or acts indirectly through ATG16L1 not resolved
    • Generalizability of circRNA-mediated CAPRIN1 regulation beyond specific cancer contexts not established
  13. 2025 High

    NMR studies of client partitioning into CAPRIN1 condensates showed that FUS RRM is recruited through arginine/aromatic contacts that are abolished by CAPRIN1 tyrosine phosphorylation, establishing a phospho-switch for client selectivity; WDR45 was identified as a stress granule disassembly factor that displaces G3BP1 from CAPRIN1.

    Evidence Solution NMR (HSQC, intermolecular NOE, PRE) in condensed phase; co-IP, competitive binding, iPSC-derived neurons from BPAN patients

    PMID:40473629 PMID:40857360

    Open questions at the time
    • In vivo phosphorylation dynamics on CAPRIN1 condensate client selectivity not measured
    • Whether WDR45-mediated SG disassembly is CAPRIN1-dependent in all cell types unknown
  14. 2026 Medium

    CAPRIN1 was found to stabilize G-quadruplex structures in STAT1 mRNA 5'UTR to suppress translation, providing a structural mechanism for its translational repression activity and linking it to HBV-driven interferon resistance.

    Evidence RIP-MS, EMSA, ribosome profiling, circular dichroism, luciferase reporters, in vivo KD

    PMID:41951358

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether rG4 stabilization is a general mechanism for all CAPRIN1-repressed mRNAs not tested
    • Direct structural visualization of CAPRIN1 bound to rG4 not achieved

Open questions

Synthesis pass · forward-looking unresolved questions
  • A full structural model of the CAPRIN1–G3BP1–FMRP ternary complex on RNA, the identity of kinases and phosphatases controlling CAPRIN1 phase separation in vivo, and the rules determining mRNA target selectivity remain unresolved.
  • No full-length structure of CAPRIN1 or ternary complex
  • Kinases/phosphatases for CAPRIN1 tyrosine and serine phosphorylation in vivo not identified
  • Comprehensive rules for mRNA target selectivity (sequence/structure features) not established

Mechanism profile

Synthesis pass · controlled-vocabulary classification · explore literature graph →
Molecular activity
GO:0003723 RNA binding 6 GO:0098772 molecular function regulator activity 4 GO:0060090 molecular adaptor activity 3
Localization
GO:0005829 cytosol 4 GO:0005856 cytoskeleton 2
Pathway
R-HSA-168256 Immune System 4 R-HSA-392499 Metabolism of proteins 4 R-HSA-8953854 Metabolism of RNA 4 R-HSA-112316 Neuronal System 2 R-HSA-1640170 Cell Cycle 1
Partners
FMRPG3BP1METTL3PKRSPOPUSP10WDR45XRN2
Complex memberships
CAPRIN1-FMRP neuronal RNP complexG3BP1-CAPRIN1-PKR innate immune complexG3BP1-CAPRIN1-USP10 stress granule complex

Evidence

Reading pass · 32 per-paper findings extracted from the source corpus
Year Finding Method Journal Conf PMIDs
2007 CAPRIN1 contains a highly conserved motif (F(M/I/L)Q(D/E)Sx(I/L)D) that directly binds the NTF2-like domain of G3BP1; the C-terminal RGG motifs of CAPRIN1 selectively bind c-Myc and cyclin D2 mRNAs; overexpression of CAPRIN1 induces eIF2α phosphorylation (requiring its RNA-binding ability) and stress granule formation; CAPRIN1 co-localizes with G3BP1 in cytoplasmic RNA granules associated with microtubules at the leading/trailing edges of migrating cells. Mutagenesis of GIM motif and RGG motifs, co-immunoprecipitation, RNA-binding assays, immunofluorescence/live imaging, eIF2α phosphorylation assays Molecular and cellular biology High 17210633
2005 CAPRIN1 is required for normal G1-S cell cycle progression; homozygous disruption of caprin-1 in DT40 cells markedly reduces proliferation rate due to prolongation of G1 phase, demonstrating an essential role in cellular proliferation. Homologous recombination knockout in DT40 cells, conditional expression rescue, cell cycle analysis Journal of immunology High 16177067
2016 CAPRIN1 and USP10 bind mutually exclusively to the NTF2-like domain of G3BP1; Caprin1 binding promotes SG formation while USP10 binding inhibits it; G3BP1-F33W mutant (unable to bind Caprin1 or USP10) still rescues SG formation, indicating Caprin1/USP10 modulate rather than absolutely require G3BP1 for SG condensation; G3BP interacts with 40S ribosomal subunits through its RGG motif. G3BP1/2 double knockout cells, rescue with G3BP1 phosphomimetic/binding mutants, co-immunoprecipitation, immunofluorescence The Journal of cell biology High 27022092
2015 CAPRIN1 directly interacts with PKR (double-stranded RNA-dependent protein kinase) and forms a G3BP1-Caprin1-PKR complex; Caprin1 regulates efficient PKR activation at stress granules and is required for release of active PKR into the cytoplasm for substrate recognition; this complex is important for antiviral activity during mengovirus infection. Direct binding assays, co-immunoprecipitation, mengovirus infection model, PKR activity assays, SG localization studies mBio High 25784705
2019 Phase separation of CAPRIN1 and FMRP C-terminal intrinsically disordered regions is driven by arginine-rich and aromatic-rich region interactions; different phosphorylation patterns (FMRP serine/threonine, CAPRIN1 tyrosine) control phase separation propensity and modulate deadenylation and translation rates within condensates in vitro. NMR spectroscopy of condensed phases, phosphomimetic mutagenesis, in vitro deadenylation and translation assays, liquid-liquid phase separation assays Science High 31439799
2014 CAPRIN1 (along with G3BP1 and G3BP2) is required for translation of interferon-stimulated gene (ISG) mRNAs including PKR and IFITM2; dengue virus sfRNA binds to CAPRIN1 (and G3BP1/2) to sequester them, inhibiting ISG mRNA translation as an immune evasion mechanism. siRNA knockdown, polysome profiling, RNA immunoprecipitation, viral infection assays PLoS pathogens High 24992036
2012 Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) core protein interacts with CAPRIN1 (identified by affinity capture mass spectrometry); residues Lys97 and Arg98 in the JEV core protein α-helix are critical for Caprin-1 binding; this interaction inhibits stress granule formation and facilitates viral propagation and virulence in mice. Affinity capture mass spectrometry, alanine scanning mutagenesis, mutant virus infection assays, in vivo mouse virulence model Journal of virology High 23097442
2012 CAPRIN1 interacts with FMRP in neuronal ribonucleoprotein complexes; they co-associate with mRNAs including CaMKIIα and Map1b; the complex is present in polysomes and neuronal trafficking granules, suggesting CAPRIN1 modulates FMRP-dependent translation regulation. Immunoprecipitation with monoclonal and chicken antibodies, in vitro binding, polysome fractionation, neuronal granule co-localization PloS one Medium 22737234
2016 Crystal structure of a CAPRIN1 fragment (residues 132–251) reveals a novel all-α-helical fold that mediates homodimerization; dimerization creates a large negatively charged concave surface that functions as a protein-binding groove for partners including FMRP; the FMRP-interacting motif forms an integral helix that does not disrupt dimerization; structural basis for an RNP complex of Caprin1-FMRP-G3BP1 is proposed. X-ray crystallography, structural analysis, biochemical binding data integration Acta crystallographica Section D High 27303792
2021 NMR studies of condensed CAPRIN1 C-terminal IDR (residues 607–709) identify specific side-chain and backbone interactions driving phase separation; ATP interactions with CAPRIN1 can enhance or reduce phase separation; O-GlcNAcylation of specific residues reduces phase separation propensity; arginine-containing N-terminal region is critical for phase separation relative to other Arg-rich stretches. NMR spectroscopy of condensed phase, mutagenesis, ATP titration, O-GlcNAcylation studies Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences High 34074792
2010 RNG105 (Caprin1/mouse ortholog) knock-out in mice reduces dendritic localization of mRNAs encoding Na+/K+ ATPase subunit isoforms (α3, FXYD1, FXYD6, FXYD7), leading to loss of NKA function in dendrites without affecting somatic NKA; this impairs synapse formation and neuronal network maintenance. Caprin1 knockout mice, subcellular mRNA fractionation, electrophysiology, synapse morphology analysis The Journal of neuroscience High 20861386
2017 RNG105/Caprin1 deletion in mice causes severe deficits in long-term memory formation in spatial and contextual tasks; genome-wide mRNA profiling revealed RNG105 deficiency impairs asymmetric somato-dendritic localization of mRNAs including those encoding regulators of AMPAR surface expression; this is associated with attenuated homeostatic AMPAR scaling and reduced synaptic strength. Caprin1 KO mice, behavioral testing, genome-wide mRNA distribution profiling (hippocampus), electrophysiology, AMPAR surface expression assays eLife High 29157358
2022 Crystal structure of G3BP1-NTF2 domain in complex with Caprin-1-derived short linear motif (SLiM) shows Caprin-1 interacts with His-31 and His-62 within a third NTF2-binding site distinct from USP10's sites; G3BP1-NTF2 thermal stability is reduced at acidic pH and is counterbalanced better by USP10 than Caprin-1; acidification of condensates by ~0.5 pH units detected by ratiometric fluorescence; Caprin-1 N-terminal GIM suppresses G3BP1 LLPS while Caprin-1 C-terminal domain promotes LLPS, creating 'yin and yang' regulation of SG formation. X-ray crystallography, nano-differential scanning fluorimetry, biochemical binding assays, live cell ratiometric fluorescence (pHluorin2-G3BP1), in vitro LLPS assays Open biology / Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences High 36279435 37161291
2019 Wild-type SPOP (E3 ubiquitin ligase adaptor) recognizes CAPRIN1 and triggers its ubiquitin-dependent degradation; prostate cancer-associated SPOP mutants fail to degrade CAPRIN1, leading to elevated CAPRIN1 and aberrant stress granule assembly; this confers resistance to docetaxel and other SG inducers in prostate cancer cells. Yeast two-hybrid identification, co-immunoprecipitation, ubiquitination assays, SPOP mutant expression, xenograft models, patient specimen analysis Molecular cancer High 31771591
2022 CAPRIN1 knockout in mouse ESCs significantly alters differentiation and gene expression programs; CAPRIN1 associates with thousands of RNA transcripts (by RIP-seq) and promotes their degradation via interaction with the ribonuclease XRN2; upon early ESC differentiation, XRN2 localizes to the nucleus and co-localizes with CAPRIN1 in small RNA granules in a CAPRIN1-dependent manner. CAPRIN1 KO in mouse ESCs, RIP-seq, SLAM-seq (metabolic RNA labeling), immunoprecipitation/mass spectrometry interactome, immunofluorescence co-localization Developmental cell High 36495875
2013 Caprin-1 interacts with Cyr61 (extracellular matrix protein); stable ectopic expression of Caprin-1 leads to stress granules containing both Caprin-1 and Cyr61, constitutive phosphorylation of Akt and ERK1/2, resistance to cisplatin-induced apoptosis, and dramatically enhanced tumor growth and lung metastasis in osteosarcoma xenograft models. Co-immunoprecipitation, confocal microscopy, ectopic expression, xenograft mouse models, phospho-western blotting Biochimica et biophysica acta Medium 23528710
2021 The Caprin-1 protein interactome (by endogenous IP-MS) in stressed and unstressed conditions identifies 1543 interacting proteins; stress-induced interactors include ribosome, spliceosome, and RNA transport pathway proteins; novel SG components ANKHD1, TALIN-1, GEMIN5, and SNRNP200 were validated as Caprin-1 stress-induced interactors localizing to arsenite-induced stress granules. Immunoprecipitation coupled with mass spectrometry, validation by co-IP and immunofluorescence in multiple cell lines Journal of proteome research Medium 33939924
2021 CAPRIN1 promotes liquid-liquid phase separation when bound by the lncRNA GIRGL; GIRGL drives formation of a complex between CAPRIN1 dimers and GLS1 mRNA, inducing stress granule formation and translational suppression of GLS1 (glutaminase-1) mRNA under glutamine deprivation. RIP assay, LLPS assays, RNA-FISH, CAPRIN1 knockdown/overexpression, translational reporter assays Science advances Medium 33762340
2022 circVAMP3 drives phase separation of CAPRIN1 and promotes stress granule formation; this suppresses c-Myc mRNA translation, reducing c-Myc protein levels and inhibiting HCC cell proliferation and metastasis in vitro and in vivo. circRNA overexpression, LLPS assays, stress granule imaging, polysome profiling, translation reporter assays, xenograft models Advanced science Medium 35072355
2017 DDX3X helicase physically interacts and co-localizes with CAPRIN1 and poly(A)-binding protein 1 (PABP1) at the leading edge of spreading fibroblasts; depletion of DDX3X leads to decreased cell motility, providing a functional link between DDX3X, Caprin-1, and initiation factors at the leading edge to promote cell migration. Co-immunoprecipitation, immunofluorescence co-localization, DDX3X depletion with cell motility/spreading assay The Biochemical journal Medium 28733330
2022 NMR measurement of per-residue near-surface electrostatic potentials of the positively charged C-terminal IDR of CAPRIN1 along ATP-induced phase separation reveals that electrostatic shielding by ATP decreases surface potentials, promotes interchain interactions between aromatic-rich and arginine-rich regions, and drives phase separation; at high ATP, CAPRIN1 becomes negatively charged and re-enters the mixed phase. Solution NMR (paramagnetic relaxation enhancement, chemical shift perturbation), ATP titration, phase separation assays Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences High 36040869
2023 CAPRIN1 interacts with ATG16L1 and WIPI2B to mediate LC3 targeting of murine norovirus (MNV) replication complexes; IFN-γ-mediated control of MNV replication is dependent on CAPRIN1. Co-immunoprecipitation, CAPRIN1 depletion in viral replication assays, IFN-γ treatment experiments mBio Medium 37052473
2024 CAPRIN1 condensates shift the SOD1 folding equilibrium toward the unfolded state through preferential interactions with the unfolded ensemble; key contacts are between CAPRIN1 arginine-rich/aromatic-rich regions and the H80-H120 region of unfolded SOD1; unfolding of immature SOD1 in the CAPRIN1 condensed phase is coupled to aggregation. Solution NMR spectroscopy (mixed phase and demixed CAPRIN1 condensates), intermolecular NOE, PRE experiments Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences High 39172789
2022 CAPRIN1-P512L de novo missense variant causes aberrant protein aggregation; overexpressed CAPRIN1-P512L forms insoluble ubiquitinated aggregates sequestering ATXN2, GEMIN5, SNRNP200, and SNCA; iPSC-derived cortical neurons with this mutation show reduced neuronal activity, altered stress granule dynamics, and enhanced RNA-promoted aggregation in vitro. Protein solubility assays, co-aggregation by co-IP/western blot, iPSC-derived neuron electrophysiology, nano-DSF, stress granule dynamics imaging Cellular and molecular life sciences Medium 36136249
2025 WDR45 forms gel-like condensates via its WD5 domain and competitively displaces G3BP1 from Caprin-1 to promote stress granule disassembly; BPAN-associated WDR45 mutations impair condensate formation and Caprin-1 interaction, leading to delayed SG disassembly. Co-immunoprecipitation, phase separation assays, competitive binding assays, iPSC-derived midbrain neurons from BPAN patient, stress granule dynamics imaging Nature communications Medium 40473629
2025 CAPRIN1 interacts with METTL3 and regulates m6A modification of RIG-I mRNA; this interaction and m6A regulatory activity occurs within cellular stress granules; CAPRIN1 modulates interferon-associated gene networks and M. tuberculosis infection responses. Co-immunoprecipitation with METTL3, m6A-RIP, stress granule localization studies, CAPRIN1 knockdown in infection models Communications biology Medium 41198861
2026 CAPRIN1 stabilizes the G-quadruplex (rG4) structure in the 5'UTR of STAT1 mRNA, halting ribosomal scanning and suppressing STAT1 protein translation; CAPRIN1 interacts with STAT1 rG4 (demonstrated by EMSA, luciferase reporter, and ribosome profiling); HBV polymerase functions as a transcription factor driving CAPRIN1 expression, causing IFN resistance. RIP-mass spectrometry, EMSA, luciferase reporter assays, ribosome profiling, circular dichroism, CAPRIN1 knockdown in vitro and in vivo Gut Medium 41951358
2023 circIPO7 directly binds Caprin-1 at sites overlapping with the G3BP1-binding region, blocking the Caprin-1–G3BP1 interaction and dissociating Caprin-1 and its target mRNAs (EGFR and mTOR mRNAs) from ribosomes, resulting in their translational inhibition and PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway inactivation in gastric cancer. RNA pull-down, RIP assay, polysome fractionation, co-immunoprecipitation competition assays, cell proliferation assays in vitro and in vivo Oncogene Medium 36732659
2023 CAPRIN1 interacts with ULK1 and STK38, manipulating ULK1 phosphorylation to activate autophagy and promote tumor growth in pancreatic cancer. Co-immunoprecipitation, phosphorylation assays, loss-of-function studies with autophagy readout, xenograft models Journal of translational medicine Low 38082307
2026 CAPRIN1 mediates sorafenib resistance in hepatocellular carcinoma by interacting with NCOA4 mRNA via its RGG domain and recruiting NCOA4 mRNA into stress granules, repressing NCOA4 translation and blunting sorafenib-induced ferroptosis. Co-immunoprecipitation, RIP assay, stress granule imaging, translation reporter, CAPRIN1 KO rescue experiments Oncogene Medium 41896589
2025 NAT10 promotes ac4C (N4-acetylcytidine) modification of CAPRIN1 mRNA, stabilizing it and increasing CAPRIN1 protein expression; NAT10 knockdown reduces ac4C levels on CAPRIN1 mRNA and decreases its stability. ac4C-RIP, actinomycin D mRNA stability assay, NAT10 knockdown, CAPRIN1 overexpression rescue BMC women's health Medium 39923057
2025 CAPRIN1 NMR studies in CAPRIN1 condensates reveal that FUS RRM (a client) partitions 30-fold into CAPRIN1 condensates via interactions between FUS RRM and aromatic-rich and arginine-rich regions of CAPRIN1; tyrosine phosphorylation of CAPRIN1 disrupts these interactions and reduces client partitioning by over 100-fold. Solution NMR (HSQC, intermolecular NOE, PRE), chemical shift perturbation in mixed/demixed phases Journal of the American Chemical Society High 40857360

Source papers

Stage 0 corpus · 78 papers · ranked by NIH iCite citations
Year Title Journal Citations PMID
2016 G3BP-Caprin1-USP10 complexes mediate stress granule condensation and associate with 40S subunits. The Journal of cell biology 507 27022092
2019 Phospho-dependent phase separation of FMRP and CAPRIN1 recapitulates regulation of translation and deadenylation. Science (New York, N.Y.) 270 31439799
2014 G3BP1, G3BP2 and CAPRIN1 are required for translation of interferon stimulated mRNAs and are targeted by a dengue virus non-coding RNA. PLoS pathogens 225 24992036
2007 Distinct structural features of caprin-1 mediate its interaction with G3BP-1 and its induction of phosphorylation of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2alpha, entry to cytoplasmic stress granules, and selective interaction with a subset of mRNAs. Molecular and cellular biology 217 17210633
2015 Stress granules regulate double-stranded RNA-dependent protein kinase activation through a complex containing G3BP1 and Caprin1. mBio 125 25784705
2019 Prostate Cancer-associated SPOP mutations enhance cancer cell survival and docetaxel resistance by upregulating Caprin1-dependent stress granule assembly. Molecular cancer 106 31771591
2022 circVAMP3 Drives CAPRIN1 Phase Separation and Inhibits Hepatocellular Carcinoma by Suppressing c-Myc Translation. Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) 94 35072355
2012 Japanese encephalitis virus core protein inhibits stress granule formation through an interaction with Caprin-1 and facilitates viral propagation. Journal of virology 88 23097442
2021 Interaction hot spots for phase separation revealed by NMR studies of a CAPRIN1 condensed phase. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 75 34074792
2021 LncRNA GIRGL drives CAPRIN1-mediated phase separation to suppress glutaminase-1 translation under glutamine deprivation. Science advances 73 33762340
2005 Absence of caprin-1 results in defects in cellular proliferation. Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) 68 16177067
2009 Two new miR-16 targets: caprin-1 and HMGA1, proteins implicated in cell proliferation. Biology of the cell 67 19250063
2013 Caprin-1 is a novel microRNA-223 target for regulating the proliferation and invasion of human breast cancer cells. Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie 65 23953883
2020 NMR Experiments for Studies of Dilute and Condensed Protein Phases: Application to the Phase-Separating Protein CAPRIN1. Journal of the American Chemical Society 59 31898464
2012 Fragile X mental retardation protein interacts with the RNA-binding protein Caprin1 in neuronal RiboNucleoProtein complexes [corrected]. PloS one 57 22737234
2022 Yin and yang regulation of stress granules by Caprin-1. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 54 36279435
2017 RNG105/caprin1, an RNA granule protein for dendritic mRNA localization, is essential for long-term memory formation. eLife 53 29157358
2010 RNG105 deficiency impairs the dendritic localization of mRNAs for Na+/K+ ATPase subunit isoforms and leads to the degeneration of neuronal networks. The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience 53 20861386
2013 Caprin-1, a novel Cyr61-interacting protein, promotes osteosarcoma tumor growth and lung metastasis in mice. Biochimica et biophysica acta 44 23528710
2022 Mapping the per-residue surface electrostatic potential of CAPRIN1 along its phase-separation trajectory. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 42 36040869
2019 MicroRNA-181a Functions as an Oncogene in Gastric Cancer by Targeting Caprin-1. Frontiers in pharmacology 39 30687106
2019 Tylophorine-based compounds are therapeutic in rheumatoid arthritis by targeting the caprin-1 ribonucleoprotein complex and inhibiting expression of associated c-Myc and HIF-1α. Pharmacological research 35 31794869
2016 Comprehensive behavioral analysis of RNG105 (Caprin1) heterozygous mice: Reduced social interaction and attenuated response to novelty. Scientific reports 34 26865403
2021 Defining the Caprin-1 Interactome in Unstressed and Stressed Conditions. Journal of proteome research 30 33939924
2018 Downregulated miR-621 promotes cell proliferation via targeting CAPRIN1 in hepatocellular carcinoma. American journal of cancer research 29 30416861
2010 RNA granule protein 140 (RNG140), a paralog of RNG105 localized to distinct RNA granules in neuronal dendrites in the adult vertebrate brain. The Journal of biological chemistry 29 20516077
2019 Role of caprin-1 in carcinogenesis. Oncology letters 27 31289466
2023 CAPRIN1 haploinsufficiency causes a neurodevelopmental disorder with language impairment, ADHD and ASD. Brain : a journal of neurology 26 35979925
2011 Caprin-1 is a target of the deafness gene Pou4f3 and is recruited to stress granules in cochlear hair cells in response to ototoxic damage. Journal of cell science 26 21402877
2016 Crystal structure of a dimerization domain of human Caprin-1: insights into the assembly of an evolutionarily conserved ribonucleoprotein complex consisting of Caprin-1, FMRP and G3BP1. Acta crystallographica. Section D, Structural biology 24 27303792
2021 Macrophage polarization-associated lnc-Ma301 interacts with caprin-1 to inhibit hepatocellular carcinoma metastasis through the Akt/Erk1 pathway. Cancer cell international 22 34376192
2015 Targeting a ribonucleoprotein complex containing the caprin-1 protein and the c-Myc mRNA suppresses tumor growth in mice: an identification of a novel oncotarget. Oncotarget 22 25669982
2017 The helicase, DDX3X, interacts with poly(A)-binding protein 1 (PABP1) and caprin-1 at the leading edge of migrating fibroblasts and is required for efficient cell spreading. The Biochemical journal 21 28733330
2023 Caprin-1 binding to the critical stress granule protein G3BP1 is influenced by pH. Open biology 20 37161291
2023 Caprin-1 plays a role in cell proliferation and Warburg metabolism of esophageal carcinoma by regulating METTL3 and WTAP. Journal of translational medicine 18 36855123
2021 EIF3m promotes the malignant phenotype of lung adenocarcinoma by the up-regulation of oncogene CAPRIN1. American journal of cancer research 17 33791168
2023 circIPO7 dissociates caprin-1 from ribosomes and inhibits gastric cancer cell proliferation by suppressing EGFR and mTOR. Oncogene 16 36732659
2017 Correction: G3BP1, G3BP2 and CAPRIN1 Are Required for Translation of Interferon Stimulated mRNAs and Are Targeted by a Dengue Virus Non-coding RNA. PLoS pathogens 16 28350882
2022 RNA degradation eliminates developmental transcripts during murine embryonic stem cell differentiation via CAPRIN1-XRN2. Developmental cell 15 36495875
2024 Atomic resolution map of the solvent interactions driving SOD1 unfolding in CAPRIN1 condensates. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 13 39172789
2022 CAPRIN1P512L causes aberrant protein aggregation and associates with early-onset ataxia. Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS 13 36136249
2022 Surface electrostatics dictate RNA-binding protein CAPRIN1 condensate concentration and hydrodynamic properties. The Journal of biological chemistry 13 36496075
2023 Identification of Membrane-expressed CAPRIN-1 as a Novel and Universal Cancer Target, and Generation of a Therapeutic Anti-CAPRIN-1 Antibody TRK-950. Cancer research communications 12 37082579
2023 The association and clinical relevance of phase-separating protein CAPRIN1 with noncoding RNA. Cell stress & chaperones 11 36627508
2023 Caprin-1 influences autophagy-induced tumor growth and immune modulation in pancreatic cancer. Journal of translational medicine 9 38082307
2022 STRESS granule-associated RNA-binding protein CAPRIN1 drives cancer progression and regulates treatment response in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Medical oncology (Northwood, London, England) 9 36515758
2022 Targeted deletion of the RNA-binding protein Caprin1 leads to progressive hearing loss and impairs recovery from noise exposure in mice. Scientific reports 8 35165318
2022 Tryptophan mutations in G3BP1 tune the stability of a cellular signaling hub by weakening transient interactions with Caprin1 and USP10. The Journal of biological chemistry 8 36183834
2022 CAPRIN1 Enhances Chemoresistance and Glycolysis in Laryngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma via Regulation of ZIC5. Journal of oncology 7 35571493
2023 CAPRIN1 Is Required for Control of Viral Replication Complexes by Interferon Gamma. mBio 6 37052473
2019 Circular circ_0000885 promotes hepatocellular carcinoma proliferation by epigenetically upregulating Caprin1. European review for medical and pharmacological sciences 6 31599409
2020 MicroRNA-199a-5p suppresses the cell growth of colorectal cancer by targeting oncogene Caprin1. 3 Biotech 5 33088650
2023 Expression of GADD45G and CAPRIN1 in Human Nucleus Pulposus: Implications for Intervertebral Disc Degeneration. International journal of molecular sciences 3 36982840
2019 Crystal structure of a dimerization domain of human Caprin-2: similar overall dimeric fold but different molecular surface properties to that of human Caprin-1. Journal of biomolecular structure & dynamics 3 30304999
2015 Bacterial expression and preliminary crystallographic studies of a 149-residue fragment of human Caprin-1. Acta crystallographica. Section F, Structural biology communications 3 25760709
2025 NAT10 promotes ovarian cancer cell migration, invasion, and stemness via N4-acetylcytidine modification of CAPRIN1. BMC women's health 2 39923057
2025 Circular RNA hsa_circ_0000288 protects against epilepsy in mice by binding to and stabilizing caprin1 protein. Acta pharmacologica Sinica 2 39962265
2025 β-propeller protein-associated neurodegeneration protein WDR45 regulates stress granule disassembly via phase separation with Caprin-1. Nature communications 2 40473629
2019 Correction: Targeting a ribonucleoprotein complex containing the caprin-1 protein and the c-Myc mRNA suppresses tumor growth in mice: an identification of a novel oncotarget. Oncotarget 2 31448057
2025 Derivation of the IGGi006-A stem cell line from a patient with CAPRIN1 haploinsufficiency. Stem cell research 1 40112765
2025 CAPRIN1/TYMS/MTHFD2 axis promotes EMT process in nasopharyngeal carcinoma development. The international journal of biochemistry & cell biology 1 40246062
2025 Determining the Role of Electrostatics in the Making and Breaking of the Caprin1-ATP Nanocondensate. The journal of physical chemistry. B 1 40314620
2025 Phase I First-in-Human Study of TRK-950, an IgG1 Antibody Specific to CAPRIN-1, in Patients with Advanced Solid Tumors. Cancer research communications 1 40557916
2025 Targeting LINC02544/miR-497-5p/CAPRIN1 axis via exosome-based siRNA to overcome immunotherapy resistance in triple-negative breast cancer. Molecular medicine (Cambridge, Mass.) 1 40819077
2025 Atomic Resolution Interactions Regulating Partitioning of a FUS Folded RRM Domain into Model CAPRIN1 Condensates. Journal of the American Chemical Society 1 40857360
2023 Regulation of RNG105/caprin1 dynamics by pathogenic cytoplasmic FUS and TDP-43 in neuronal RNA granules modulates synaptic loss. Heliyon 1 37484309
2026 CAPRIN1 (Cell Cycle-Associated Protein 1)-Related Neurodevelopmental Disorder: A Novel Mutation With Ataxia. Cureus 0 41859620
2026 CAPRIN1-mediated sequestration of NCOA4 mRNA into stress granules drives sorafenib resistance in hepatocellular carcinoma. Oncogene 0 41896589
2026 RNA binding protein CAPRIN1 suppresses STAT1 translation and interferon signalling to promote HBV replication. Gut 0 41951358
2026 A phase I study of TRK-950, an Anti-CAPRIN-1 antibody, as monotherapy and in combination with nivolumab in Japanese patients with advanced solid tumors. Investigational new drugs 0 41979863
2026 Time-dependent neuroprotective effects of YL-IPA08 in repetitive mild traumatic brain injury associated with changes in Caprin1/SHH signaling. European journal of pharmacology 0 41990903
2025 Radiopharmaceutical application of TRK-950, an anti-CAPRIN-1 therapeutic antibody. Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology 0 40473914
2025 mRNA recruitment by G3BP1 condensates is regulated by Caprin1 but requires G3BP1 binding to mRNA. Scientific reports 0 41131140
2025 CAPRIN1 specifically mediates m6A modification of RIG-I RNA to inhibit Mycobacterium Tuberculosis infection. Communications biology 0 41198861
2024 Can CAPRIN-1 Be Responsible for the Recurrence Potential of Odontogenic Keratocysts? Journal of oral & maxillofacial research 0 39139357
2024 CAPRIN1 Transcriptionally Activated PLPP4 to Inhibit DOX Sensitivity and Promote Breast Cancer Progression. Cell biochemistry and biophysics 0 39556159
2022 Retraction Note: MicroRNA-199a-5p suppresses the cell growth of colorectal cancer by targeting oncogene Caprin1. 3 Biotech 0 36276440
2020 Caprin1 targeted by circular circ_0000885 in the tumor progression of osteosarcoma. European review for medical and pharmacological sciences 0 32432729