Affinage

CAPRIN1

Caprin-1 · UniProt Q14444

Length
709 aa
Mass
78.4 kDa
Annotated
2026-06-09
79 papers in source corpus 31 papers cited in narrative 31 extracted findings
Cross-family judge vs UniProt: Affinage preferred faithfulness: 7/7 claims corpus-supported (100%)

Mechanistic narrative

Synthesis pass · prose summary of the discoveries below

CAPRIN1 is an RNA-binding protein that serves as a core scaffold of cytoplasmic RNA granules, coupling mRNA fate control to stress and developmental signaling (PMID:17210633, PMID:27022092). It engages G3BP1 through a conserved short linear motif (FxQDSxxD) that docks onto a distinct site on the G3BP1 NTF2-like domain involving His-31/His-62, binding mutually exclusively with USP10 (PMID:17210633, PMID:27022092, PMID:37161291); while this interaction modulates G3BP1, CAPRIN1 drives stress granule condensation chiefly through liquid-liquid phase separation of its C-terminal intrinsically disordered region, governed by arginine-aromatic side-chain interactions and tuned by tyrosine phosphorylation, O-GlcNAcylation, and ATP (PMID:31439799, PMID:34074792, PMID:36279435). CAPRIN1 homodimerizes via an all-α-helical HR1 domain that also forms the FMRP-interacting interface, allowing it to co-phase-separate with FMRP and modulate deadenylation and translation (PMID:31439799, PMID:27303792). Through its C-terminal RGG motifs CAPRIN1 selectively binds target transcripts including c-Myc and cyclin D2 mRNAs to control their translation, consistent with its requirement for G1-S cell cycle progression (PMID:17210633, PMID:16177067). CAPRIN1 also forms an RNP complex with PKR that supports stress-granule-dependent PKR activation and antiviral defense, and is required with G3BP for efficient translation of interferon-stimulated mRNAs, making it a frequent target of viral antagonists (PMID:25784705, PMID:24992036, PMID:23097442). In neurons, CAPRIN1 (RNG105) directs asymmetric dendritic localization of mRNAs encoding AMPAR regulators and Na+/K+-ATPase subunits, supporting synapse formation, homeostatic plasticity, and long-term memory (PMID:29157358, PMID:20861386). CAPRIN1 protein abundance is set by SPOP-mediated ubiquitin-dependent degradation, and CAPRIN1 mutations and haploinsufficiency cause aberrant aggregation, disrupted stress granule dynamics, and neurodegenerative phenotypes in patient-derived neurons (PMID:31771591, PMID:36136249, PMID:35979925).

Mechanistic history

Synthesis pass · year-by-year structured walk · 11 steps
  1. 2005 High

    Establishing that CAPRIN1 has an essential cellular function, before any molecular activity was known, motivated mechanistic dissection of how it controls proliferation.

    Evidence Conditional homologous-recombination knockout in DT40 B cells with rescue and cell-cycle flow cytometry

    PMID:16177067

    Open questions at the time
    • Did not identify the molecular activity underlying the G1 prolongation
    • No RNA targets linked to the proliferation phenotype at this stage
  2. 2007 High

    Defined CAPRIN1 as a sequence-specific RNA-binding protein and G3BP1 partner, establishing the molecular basis for its role in stress granules and translational control of growth genes.

    Evidence Co-IP, GST pulldown, RGG-motif mutagenesis, eIF2α phosphorylation and stress granule assays with confocal imaging

    PMID:17210633

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct vs indirect mode of c-Myc/cyclin D2 translational control not resolved
    • Structural basis of the G3BP1 motif interaction not defined
  3. 2012 Medium

    Connected CAPRIN1 to neuronal mRNA transport and to viral antagonism, showing it operates in both FMRP-containing neuronal RNP granules and as a host antiviral target.

    Evidence Reciprocal Co-IP and polysome fractionation for FMRP (neurons); affinity-MS and mutagenesis for JEV core protein binding with in vivo virulence

    PMID:22737234 PMID:23097442

    Open questions at the time
    • FMRP/CAPRIN1 shared-target work limited to two mRNAs and a single lab
    • Functional consequence of FMRP co-association on translation not measured directly here
  4. 2015 High

    Showed CAPRIN1 organizes innate immune signaling complexes, demonstrating it directly binds PKR and is required for ISG mRNA translation, positioning stress granules as antiviral signaling platforms.

    Evidence GST pulldown, Co-IP, PKR activation assays, polysome translation assays, siRNA, viral infection models

    PMID:24992036 PMID:25784705

    Open questions at the time
    • How CAPRIN1 mechanistically promotes ISG-mRNA translation not resolved
    • Stoichiometry of the G3BP1-CAPRIN1-PKR complex undefined
  5. 2016 High

    Resolved the architecture and competitive logic of CAPRIN1 within stress granules, showing CAPRIN1 and USP10 bind G3BP1 mutually exclusively to oppositely tune condensation, and that CAPRIN1 self-associates through a novel helical dimerization fold.

    Evidence G3BP1/2 double-KO rescue with point mutants and Co-IP; X-ray crystallography of the CAPRIN1 dimerization domain

    PMID:27022092 PMID:27303792

    Open questions at the time
    • CAPRIN1/USP10 binding shown not strictly required for SG nucleation, leaving its precise contribution unclear
    • Functional role of the negatively charged dimer surface not tested
  6. 2017 High

    Demonstrated the physiological output of CAPRIN1-dependent mRNA localization, linking dendritic transport of plasticity-related mRNAs to synaptic strength, homeostatic scaling, and memory.

    Evidence Conditional mouse KO with genome-wide mRNA distribution profiling, electrophysiology, and behavioural memory tasks; earlier KO defining NKA-subunit mRNA dependence

    PMID:20861386 PMID:29157358

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct mRNA-binding selectivity within dendritic transport granules not fully mapped
    • Whether phase separation drives dendritic localization in vivo untested
  7. 2019 High

    Identified the post-translational control of CAPRIN1 abundance and reconstituted its phase behavior with FMRP, establishing how condensate composition and phosphorylation tune translation and deadenylation.

    Evidence Y2H/Co-IP/ubiquitination assays for SPOP; NMR of FMRP-CAPRIN1 condensates with in vitro translation/deadenylation and phosphomimetics

    PMID:31439799 PMID:31771591

    Open questions at the time
    • In vivo significance of SPOP-CAPRIN1 degradation outside cancer contexts unclear
    • Kinases setting CAPRIN1 tyrosine phosphorylation in cells not identified
  8. 2022 High

    Established at atomic and biophysical resolution how CAPRIN1 drives stress granule formation, showing the C-terminal IDR (not the G3BP1 motif) provides the phase-separating activity and defining the G3BP1-binding site and its pH dependence.

    Evidence Crystal structures of G3BP1-NTF2L:CAPRIN1 GIM, in vitro LLPS reconstitution with isolated domains, nanoDSF, and live-cell pH measurement

    PMID:34074792 PMID:36279435 PMID:37161291

    Open questions at the time
    • Quantitative contribution of GIM binding vs IDR LLPS to granules in vivo not fully separated
    • Physiological triggers of the pH-dependent partner switch unclear
  9. 2022 High

    Linked CAPRIN1 dysfunction to human neurodegeneration, showing a point mutation and haploinsufficiency cause aberrant aggregation, altered stress granule dynamics, and impaired neuronal activity.

    Evidence Patient exome sequencing with isogenic iPSC-derived neurons, solubility/aggregation assays, nanoDSF, MEA electrophysiology, CRISPR haploinsufficiency model

    PMID:35979925 PMID:36136249

    Open questions at the time
    • Mechanism connecting aggregation to specific neuronal deficits incompletely defined
    • Whether loss-of-function and gain-of-toxicity contribute differently not resolved
  10. 2022 High

    Identified CAPRIN1 as a regulated node in stress granule disassembly and degradative pathways, partnering with WDR45 and XRN2.

    Evidence Co-IP, in vitro phase separation/competition assays, BPAN patient iPSC neurons (WDR45); KO with RIP-seq/SLAM-seq and interactome (XRN2)

    PMID:36495875 PMID:40473629

    Open questions at the time
    • How WDR45 displacement is triggered physiologically not defined
    • Selectivity rules for CAPRIN1/XRN2-targeted transcripts in ESCs unclear
  11. 2025 Medium

    Extended CAPRIN1 to structured-RNA recognition and disease-context translational control, showing it stabilizes a STAT1 5'UTR rG4 to dampen interferon signaling and acts in multiple cancer and infection programs.

    Evidence RIP-MS, EMSA, ribosome profiling, CD for STAT1 rG4; RIP/RGG mutagenesis and functional readouts for NCOA4, METTL3/RIG-I, NMDAR3B, and YY1 axes

    PMID:39962265 PMID:41198861 PMID:41896589 PMID:41951358 PMID:42114793

    Open questions at the time
    • Most downstream axes rest on single-lab studies
    • General rules distinguishing CAPRIN1-mediated stabilization from degradation/repression of bound transcripts not unified

Open questions

Synthesis pass · forward-looking unresolved questions
  • How CAPRIN1's modular activities — RGG-mediated transcript selection, IDR phase separation, dimerization, and post-translational modification — are integrated to specify which mRNAs are localized, stabilized, or repressed in a given context remains unresolved.
  • No unified model linking condensate state to transcript-specific fate
  • Context-dependent switch between translational repression and mRNA stabilization undefined
  • Physiological signals controlling CAPRIN1 PTMs in vivo unmapped

Mechanism profile

Synthesis pass · controlled-vocabulary classification · explore literature graph →
Molecular activity
GO:0003723 RNA binding 4 GO:0045182 translation regulator activity 3 GO:0060090 molecular adaptor activity 3 GO:0140110 transcription regulator activity 2
Localization
GO:0005829 cytosol 3 GO:0031410 cytoplasmic vesicle 2 GO:0005634 nucleus 1
Pathway
R-HSA-112316 Neuronal System 4 R-HSA-168256 Immune System 4 R-HSA-8953854 Metabolism of RNA 4 R-HSA-8953897 Cellular responses to stimuli 3 R-HSA-1640170 Cell Cycle 2 R-HSA-392499 Metabolism of proteins 1
Partners
DDX3XFMRPG3BP1PKRSPOPUSP10WDR45XRN2
Complex memberships
FMRP-CAPRIN1 ribonucleoprotein granuleG3BP1-CAPRIN1-PKR complexstress granule

Evidence

Reading pass · 31 per-paper findings extracted from the source corpus
Year Finding Method Journal Conf PMIDs
2007 Caprin-1 contains a conserved motif F(M/I/L)Q(D/E)Sx(I/L)D that directly binds the NTF2-like domain of G3BP-1; the carboxy-terminal RGG-rich region of Caprin-1 selectively binds c-Myc and cyclin D2 mRNAs (binding abolished by deletion of RGG motifs); overexpression of Caprin-1 induces eIF2α phosphorylation and stress granule formation via an RNA-binding-dependent mechanism; Caprin-1 colocalizes with G3BP-1 in cytoplasmic RNA granules associated with microtubules. Co-immunoprecipitation, GST pulldown, mutagenesis of RGG motifs, eIF2α phosphorylation assay, immunofluorescence/confocal microscopy Molecular and cellular biology High 17210633
2005 Caprin-1 is essential for normal G1-S cell cycle progression; conditional suppression of Caprin-1 in DT40 B cells slows proliferation due to prolongation of the G1 phase. Homologous recombination knockout in DT40 cells, conditional expression rescue, cell cycle analysis by flow cytometry Journal of immunology High 16177067
2016 Caprin-1 and USP10 bind mutually exclusively to the NTF2-like domain of G3BP1; Caprin-1 binding promotes SG condensation while USP10 binding inhibits it. G3BP1-F33W, a mutant unable to bind Caprin-1 or USP10, still rescues SG formation in G3BP1/2 double-knockout cells, indicating Caprin-1/USP10 binding is not strictly required for G3BP1-dependent SG nucleation but modulates it. G3BP1 interacts with 40S ribosomal subunits through its RGG motif. G3BP1/2 double-knockout rescue experiments with G3BP1 mutants (S149E, F33W), co-immunoprecipitation, stress granule formation assays The Journal of cell biology High 27022092
2015 Caprin-1 directly interacts with PKR and regulates efficient PKR activation at stress granules; the G3BP1-Caprin-1-PKR complex mediates PKR activation and release of active PKR into the cytoplasm without requiring foreign dsRNA pattern recognition; this complex is important for antiviral activity against mengovirus. Direct binding assays (GST pulldown), co-immunoprecipitation, PKR activation assays, viral infection models, siRNA knockdown mBio High 25784705
2019 Wild-type cytoplasmic SPOP recognizes and triggers ubiquitin-dependent degradation of Caprin-1; prostate-cancer-associated SPOP mutants fail to degrade Caprin-1, causing its accumulation and aberrant enhancement of stress granule assembly in a Caprin-1-dependent manner. Yeast two-hybrid identification of SPOP-Caprin-1 interaction, co-immunoprecipitation, ubiquitination assays, protein stability assays, SG formation assays in cell lines and xenograft models Molecular cancer High 31771591
2019 The C-terminal intrinsically disordered regions (IDRs) of FMRP and CAPRIN1 directly interact and co-phase separate; arginine-rich and aromatic-rich regions mediate IDR phase separation as determined by NMR; different serine/threonine phosphorylation of FMRP and tyrosine phosphorylation of CAPRIN1 control phase separation propensity with RNA, including condensate subcompartmentalization, and tune deadenylation and translation rates in vitro. NMR spectroscopy of condensed phase, in vitro phase separation assays, in vitro translation/deadenylation assays, phosphomimetic mutants Science High 31439799
2014 G3BP1, G3BP2, and CAPRIN1 are required for efficient translation of interferon-stimulated gene (ISG) mRNAs (including PKR and IFITM2); dengue virus sfRNA acts as a molecular sponge that binds all three proteins and inhibits their activity, blocking ISG mRNA translation. siRNA knockdown, polysome fractionation/translation assays, RNA-binding assays, viral infection models PLoS pathogens High 24992036
2012 JEV core protein directly binds Caprin-1; alanine scanning mutagenesis identified Lys97 and Arg98 in the JEV core protein α-helix as critical for Caprin-1 interaction; this interaction inhibits stress granule formation and is required for efficient viral propagation and virulence in mice. Affinity capture mass spectrometry, alanine scanning mutagenesis, stress granule formation assays, mutant virus infection models in vitro and in vivo Journal of virology High 23097442
2012 Caprin-1 physically interacts with FMRP in neuronal ribonucleoprotein complexes at the level of polysomes and in trafficking neuronal granules; Caprin-1 and FMRP share at least two common mRNA targets: CaMKIIα and Map1b mRNAs. Co-immunoprecipitation with monoclonal and chicken antibodies, sucrose gradient sedimentation (polysome analysis), immunofluorescence co-localization PloS one Medium 22737234
2016 Crystal structure of the Caprin-1 dimerization domain (residues 132–251) reveals a novel all-α-helical fold that mediates homodimerization through a large hydrophobic interface; homodimerization creates a negatively charged concave surface. The FMRP-interacting sequence forms an integral α-helix within the dimer such that FMRP binding does not disrupt Caprin-1 homodimerization. X-ray crystallography (crystal structure determination), structural modelling of interaction surfaces Acta crystallographica. Section D, Structural biology High 27303792
2021 NMR studies of CAPRIN1 C-terminal IDR (residues 607–709) condensates identified specific side-chain and backbone interactions within the condensed phase; arginine-rich and aromatic-rich regions are critical for phase separation; ATP interactions can either enhance or reduce CAPRIN1 phase separation; O-GlcNAcylation reduces specific intra-condensate interactions relevant to cell cycle and stress responses. Solution NMR spectroscopy of condensed IDR states (multiple novel NMR experiments), mutagenesis, in vitro phase separation assays Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America High 34074792
2022 Crystal structure of G3BP1-NTF2 in complex with a Caprin-1 short linear motif (SLiM) reveals that Caprin-1 interacts with His-31 and His-62 within a third NTF2-binding site distinct from the USP10-binding sites; at acidic pH, G3BP1/Caprin-1 complex is less stable than G3BP1/USP10; condensate interior is approximately 0.5 pH units more acidic than cytosol. X-ray crystallography, nano-differential scanning fluorimetry, biochemical binding assays, ratiometric fluorescence pH measurement in cells Open biology High 37161291
2022 The C-terminal domain of Caprin-1 undergoes spontaneous liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) in vitro, while the N-terminal domain and the G3BP1-interacting motif (GIM) of Caprin-1 suppress LLPS of G3BP1; both Caprin-1 and USP10 GIMs bind the same hydrophobic pocket of G3BP1 NTF2L and both suppress G3BP1 LLPS. Caprin-1 thus promotes SG formation predominantly via its C-terminal domain-driven LLPS, not through GIM-G3BP1 interaction. Crystal structure of G3BP1-NTF2L:Caprin-1 GIM complex, in vitro LLPS assays with isolated domains, domain deletion/rescue experiments in cells with endogenous Caprin-1 knockout Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America High 36279435
2017 RNG105/Caprin-1 deletion in mice impairs the asymmetric somato-dendritic localization of mRNAs encoding regulators of AMPAR surface expression, leading to attenuated homeostatic AMPAR scaling in dendrites, reduced synaptic strength and structural plasticity, and severe defects in long-term spatial and contextual memory formation. Conditional mouse knockout, genome-wide mRNA distribution profiling (in situ hybridization/sequencing), synaptic electrophysiology, behavioural memory tasks eLife High 29157358
2010 RNG105 knockout in mice reduces dendritic localization of Na+/K+ ATPase subunit isoform mRNAs (α3, FXYD1, FXYD6, FXYD7), causing loss of NKA function specifically in dendrites without affecting somatic NKA, and impairing synapse formation and maintenance. Mouse knockout, in situ hybridization for mRNA localization, NKA activity assays in subcellular fractions, synapse quantification The Journal of neuroscience High 20861386
2022 CAPRIN1 associates with thousands of RNA transcripts in embryonic stem cells and promotes their degradation through interaction with the ribonuclease XRN2; upon early ESC differentiation, XRN2 localizes to the nucleus and colocalizes with CAPRIN1 in small RNA granules in a CAPRIN1-dependent manner. CAPRIN1 knockout in mouse ESCs, RIP-seq, SLAM-seq, co-immunoprecipitation/interactome identification of XRN2, fluorescent protein library screen, immunofluorescence Developmental cell High 36495875
2021 Upon glutamine deprivation, lncRNA GIRGL drives formation of a complex between CAPRIN1 dimers and GLS1 mRNA, promoting liquid-liquid phase separation of CAPRIN1 and stress granule formation, which suppresses GLS1 mRNA translation. RNA pulldown, co-immunoprecipitation, in vitro phase separation assays, CAPRIN1 knockdown with GLS1 translation readout, lncRNA overexpression/knockdown Science advances Medium 33762340
2015 Tylophorine directly binds Caprin-1 and enhances recruitment of G3BP1, c-Myc mRNA, and cyclin D2 mRNA into a ribonucleoprotein complex that is sequestered to polysomal fractions, repressing translation of associated mRNAs; Caprin-1-depleted cells are more resistant to tylophorine and show decreased RNP complex formation. Biotinylated tylophorine pulldown/affinity capture, co-immunoprecipitation, polysome fractionation, Caprin-1 siRNA knockdown, gene expression profiling Oncotarget Medium 25669982
2013 Caprin-1 directly interacts with Cyr61; ectopic Caprin-1 expression leads to formation of stress granules containing Caprin-1 and Cyr61, confers resistance to cisplatin-induced apoptosis, and constitutively activates Akt and ERK1/2 signaling. Co-immunoprecipitation, confocal microscopy, apoptosis assays, western blotting for Akt/ERK1/2 phosphorylation, in vivo xenograft model Biochimica et biophysica acta Medium 23528710
2017 DDX3X physically interacts and co-localizes with Caprin-1 and poly(A)-binding protein 1 (PABP1) at the leading edge of spreading/migrating fibroblasts; depletion of DDX3X decreases cell motility, linking the DDX3X-Caprin-1 interaction to cell migration. Co-immunoprecipitation, immunofluorescence co-localization, DDX3X depletion with motility assays The Biochemical journal Medium 28733330
2022 The CAPRIN1 P512L mutation causes aberrant protein aggregation; overexpressed CAPRIN1-P512L forms insoluble ubiquitinated aggregates that sequester neurodegenerative disease-associated proteins (ATXN2, GEMIN5, SNRNP200, SNCA); P512L mutation in iPSC-derived cortical neurons reduces neuronal activity and alters stress granule dynamics; RNA strongly enhances CAPRIN1-P512L aggregation in vitro. Patient exome sequencing, isogenic iPSC neurons, overexpression/solubility assays, co-immunoprecipitation, nano-DSF, stress granule formation assays, MEA electrophysiology Cellular and molecular life sciences High 36136249
2023 CAPRIN1 haploinsufficiency in human iPSC-derived neurons causes reduced neuronal processes, disrupted neuronal organization, increased neurodegeneration, altered mRNA translation (consistent with translational inhibitor function), impaired calcium signaling, increased oxidative stress, and reduced neuronal network activity. CRISPR-Cas9 haploinsufficiency iPSC model, differentiation into neuronal progenitors and cortical neurons, micro-electrode arrays, calcium imaging, oxidative stress assays, translation assays Brain High 35979925
2023 CAPRIN1 interacts with ATG16L1 and mediates LC3 targeting of murine norovirus replication complexes; IFN-gamma-mediated control of MNV replication is dependent on CAPRIN1. Co-immunoprecipitation, CAPRIN1 knockdown/knockout, viral replication assays, IFN-gamma treatment mBio Medium 37052473
2022 WDR45 forms gel-like condensates via its WD5 domain that phase separate with Caprin-1; WDR45 competitively displaces G3BP1 from Caprin-1 to promote stress granule disassembly; BPAN-associated WDR45 mutations impair condensate formation and Caprin-1 interaction, leading to delayed SG disassembly. Co-immunoprecipitation, in vitro phase separation assays, competitive binding assays, BPAN patient iPSC-derived neurons, SG dynamics assays, domain deletion mapping Nature communications High 40473629
2025 CAPRIN1 selectively binds STAT1 mRNA via the 5'UTR G-quadruplex (rG4) structure, stabilizes the rG4 conformation, halts ribosomal scanning, and suppresses STAT1 protein production; this suppresses interferon signaling; HBV polymerase functions as a transcription factor that upregulates CAPRIN1 expression during HBV infection. Ribonucleoprotein immunoprecipitation-MS, EMSA, luciferase reporter assays, ribosome profiling, circular dichroism, CAPRIN1 knockdown/re-expression in vitro and in vivo Gut High 41951358
2026 CAPRIN1 interacts with NCOA4 mRNA via its RGG domain and recruits NCOA4 mRNA into stress granules, repressing NCOA4 translation and blunting sorafenib-induced ferroptosis in hepatocellular carcinoma; genetic disruption of CAPRIN1 restores NCOA4 expression and resensitizes resistant tumors to sorafenib. Co-immunoprecipitation, RNA immunoprecipitation, RGG domain mutagenesis, CAPRIN1 knockout, ferroptosis assays, in vivo xenograft model Oncogene Medium 41896589
2025 CAPRIN1 regulates m6A modification of RIG-I mRNA through direct interaction with METTL3, influencing downstream interferon-associated gene networks and modulating M. tuberculosis infection; these processes predominantly occur within cellular stress granules. m6A RIP assay, co-immunoprecipitation (CAPRIN1-METTL3 interaction), CAPRIN1 knockdown, RIG-I m6A quantification, infection models Communications biology Medium 41198861
2025 Caprin-1 binding to NMDA receptor 3B mRNA stabilizes it (demonstrated by circ288 binding to Caprin-1 and inhibiting its degradation, raising NMDAR3B mRNA levels); neuron-specific caprin-1 knockout mice lose the protective effect of circ288 overexpression, placing Caprin-1 upstream of NMDAR3B mRNA regulation. Neuron-specific Caprin-1 conditional knockout (CaMK2α-Cre:Caprin1f/f), AAV-mediated overexpression, mRNA stability assays, in vitro epilepsy model, RNA binding assays Acta pharmacologica Sinica Medium 39962265
2023 Caprin-1 interacts with both ULK1 and STK38 in pancreatic cancer cells and manipulates ULK1 phosphorylation to activate autophagy, promoting pro-tumorigenic phenotypes. Co-immunoprecipitation, ULK1 phosphorylation assays, CAPRIN1 knockdown, autophagy flux assays Journal of translational medicine Low 38082307
2025 CAPRIN1 binds and stabilizes YY1 mRNA; YY1 then transcriptionally activates HSP90AA1; HSP90α binds and stabilizes IDH1 protein, protecting it from degradation; this cascade (CAPRIN1→YY1 mRNA stabilization→HSP90α→IDH1 stabilization) suppresses ferroptosis and promotes cisplatin resistance in cervical cancer. RNA immunoprecipitation, RNA pulldown, actinomycin D mRNA stability assay, dual-luciferase/ChIP assay for YY1-HSP90AA1, co-IP for HSP90α-IDH1, CAPRIN1 knockdown + IDH1 rescue, xenograft model Cellular signalling Medium 42114793
2025 Caprin-1 FMRP-interacting helix is part of an integral α-helix in the HR1 homodimeric structure (Caprin-2 comparison); HR1 dimerization is an evolutionarily conserved feature of the caprin family, and different molecular surface properties between Caprin-1 and Caprin-2 dimers likely dictate specificity for distinct protein partners. X-ray crystallography of Caprin-2 HR1 fragment, structural comparison with Caprin-1 structure Journal of biomolecular structure & dynamics Medium 30304999

Source papers

Stage 0 corpus · 79 papers · ranked by NIH iCite citations
Year Title Journal Citations PMID
2016 G3BP-Caprin1-USP10 complexes mediate stress granule condensation and associate with 40S subunits. The Journal of cell biology 517 27022092
2019 Phospho-dependent phase separation of FMRP and CAPRIN1 recapitulates regulation of translation and deadenylation. Science (New York, N.Y.) 275 31439799
2014 G3BP1, G3BP2 and CAPRIN1 are required for translation of interferon stimulated mRNAs and are targeted by a dengue virus non-coding RNA. PLoS pathogens 230 24992036
2007 Distinct structural features of caprin-1 mediate its interaction with G3BP-1 and its induction of phosphorylation of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2alpha, entry to cytoplasmic stress granules, and selective interaction with a subset of mRNAs. Molecular and cellular biology 219 17210633
2015 Stress granules regulate double-stranded RNA-dependent protein kinase activation through a complex containing G3BP1 and Caprin1. mBio 128 25784705
2019 Prostate Cancer-associated SPOP mutations enhance cancer cell survival and docetaxel resistance by upregulating Caprin1-dependent stress granule assembly. Molecular cancer 107 31771591
2022 circVAMP3 Drives CAPRIN1 Phase Separation and Inhibits Hepatocellular Carcinoma by Suppressing c-Myc Translation. Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) 100 35072355
2012 Japanese encephalitis virus core protein inhibits stress granule formation through an interaction with Caprin-1 and facilitates viral propagation. Journal of virology 88 23097442
2021 Interaction hot spots for phase separation revealed by NMR studies of a CAPRIN1 condensed phase. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 78 34074792
2021 LncRNA GIRGL drives CAPRIN1-mediated phase separation to suppress glutaminase-1 translation under glutamine deprivation. Science advances 72 33762340
2005 Absence of caprin-1 results in defects in cellular proliferation. Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) 68 16177067
2009 Two new miR-16 targets: caprin-1 and HMGA1, proteins implicated in cell proliferation. Biology of the cell 67 19250063
2013 Caprin-1 is a novel microRNA-223 target for regulating the proliferation and invasion of human breast cancer cells. Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie 66 23953883
2022 Yin and yang regulation of stress granules by Caprin-1. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 62 36279435
2020 NMR Experiments for Studies of Dilute and Condensed Protein Phases: Application to the Phase-Separating Protein CAPRIN1. Journal of the American Chemical Society 61 31898464
2012 Fragile X mental retardation protein interacts with the RNA-binding protein Caprin1 in neuronal RiboNucleoProtein complexes [corrected]. PloS one 57 22737234
2017 RNG105/caprin1, an RNA granule protein for dendritic mRNA localization, is essential for long-term memory formation. eLife 54 29157358
2010 RNG105 deficiency impairs the dendritic localization of mRNAs for Na+/K+ ATPase subunit isoforms and leads to the degeneration of neuronal networks. The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience 53 20861386
2013 Caprin-1, a novel Cyr61-interacting protein, promotes osteosarcoma tumor growth and lung metastasis in mice. Biochimica et biophysica acta 44 23528710
2022 Mapping the per-residue surface electrostatic potential of CAPRIN1 along its phase-separation trajectory. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 42 36040869
2019 MicroRNA-181a Functions as an Oncogene in Gastric Cancer by Targeting Caprin-1. Frontiers in pharmacology 39 30687106
2019 Tylophorine-based compounds are therapeutic in rheumatoid arthritis by targeting the caprin-1 ribonucleoprotein complex and inhibiting expression of associated c-Myc and HIF-1α. Pharmacological research 35 31794869
2016 Comprehensive behavioral analysis of RNG105 (Caprin1) heterozygous mice: Reduced social interaction and attenuated response to novelty. Scientific reports 35 26865403
2010 RNA granule protein 140 (RNG140), a paralog of RNG105 localized to distinct RNA granules in neuronal dendrites in the adult vertebrate brain. The Journal of biological chemistry 31 20516077
2021 Defining the Caprin-1 Interactome in Unstressed and Stressed Conditions. Journal of proteome research 30 33939924
2018 Downregulated miR-621 promotes cell proliferation via targeting CAPRIN1 in hepatocellular carcinoma. American journal of cancer research 30 30416861
2019 Role of caprin-1 in carcinogenesis. Oncology letters 28 31289466
2023 CAPRIN1 haploinsufficiency causes a neurodevelopmental disorder with language impairment, ADHD and ASD. Brain : a journal of neurology 26 35979925
2011 Caprin-1 is a target of the deafness gene Pou4f3 and is recruited to stress granules in cochlear hair cells in response to ototoxic damage. Journal of cell science 26 21402877
2016 Crystal structure of a dimerization domain of human Caprin-1: insights into the assembly of an evolutionarily conserved ribonucleoprotein complex consisting of Caprin-1, FMRP and G3BP1. Acta crystallographica. Section D, Structural biology 24 27303792
2023 Caprin-1 binding to the critical stress granule protein G3BP1 is influenced by pH. Open biology 23 37161291
2021 Macrophage polarization-associated lnc-Ma301 interacts with caprin-1 to inhibit hepatocellular carcinoma metastasis through the Akt/Erk1 pathway. Cancer cell international 22 34376192
2015 Targeting a ribonucleoprotein complex containing the caprin-1 protein and the c-Myc mRNA suppresses tumor growth in mice: an identification of a novel oncotarget. Oncotarget 22 25669982
2017 The helicase, DDX3X, interacts with poly(A)-binding protein 1 (PABP1) and caprin-1 at the leading edge of migrating fibroblasts and is required for efficient cell spreading. The Biochemical journal 21 28733330
2021 EIF3m promotes the malignant phenotype of lung adenocarcinoma by the up-regulation of oncogene CAPRIN1. American journal of cancer research 19 33791168
2023 Caprin-1 plays a role in cell proliferation and Warburg metabolism of esophageal carcinoma by regulating METTL3 and WTAP. Journal of translational medicine 18 36855123
2023 circIPO7 dissociates caprin-1 from ribosomes and inhibits gastric cancer cell proliferation by suppressing EGFR and mTOR. Oncogene 17 36732659
2017 Correction: G3BP1, G3BP2 and CAPRIN1 Are Required for Translation of Interferon Stimulated mRNAs and Are Targeted by a Dengue Virus Non-coding RNA. PLoS pathogens 16 28350882
2022 RNA degradation eliminates developmental transcripts during murine embryonic stem cell differentiation via CAPRIN1-XRN2. Developmental cell 15 36495875
2024 Atomic resolution map of the solvent interactions driving SOD1 unfolding in CAPRIN1 condensates. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 14 39172789
2022 CAPRIN1P512L causes aberrant protein aggregation and associates with early-onset ataxia. Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS 14 36136249
2022 Surface electrostatics dictate RNA-binding protein CAPRIN1 condensate concentration and hydrodynamic properties. The Journal of biological chemistry 13 36496075
2023 The association and clinical relevance of phase-separating protein CAPRIN1 with noncoding RNA. Cell stress & chaperones 12 36627508
2023 Identification of Membrane-expressed CAPRIN-1 as a Novel and Universal Cancer Target, and Generation of a Therapeutic Anti-CAPRIN-1 Antibody TRK-950. Cancer research communications 12 37082579
2023 Caprin-1 influences autophagy-induced tumor growth and immune modulation in pancreatic cancer. Journal of translational medicine 10 38082307
2022 Tryptophan mutations in G3BP1 tune the stability of a cellular signaling hub by weakening transient interactions with Caprin1 and USP10. The Journal of biological chemistry 9 36183834
2022 STRESS granule-associated RNA-binding protein CAPRIN1 drives cancer progression and regulates treatment response in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Medical oncology (Northwood, London, England) 9 36515758
2022 Targeted deletion of the RNA-binding protein Caprin1 leads to progressive hearing loss and impairs recovery from noise exposure in mice. Scientific reports 8 35165318
2023 CAPRIN1 Is Required for Control of Viral Replication Complexes by Interferon Gamma. mBio 7 37052473
2022 CAPRIN1 Enhances Chemoresistance and Glycolysis in Laryngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma via Regulation of ZIC5. Journal of oncology 7 35571493
2019 Circular circ_0000885 promotes hepatocellular carcinoma proliferation by epigenetically upregulating Caprin1. European review for medical and pharmacological sciences 7 31599409
2025 NAT10 promotes ovarian cancer cell migration, invasion, and stemness via N4-acetylcytidine modification of CAPRIN1. BMC women's health 6 39923057
2020 MicroRNA-199a-5p suppresses the cell growth of colorectal cancer by targeting oncogene Caprin1. 3 Biotech 5 33088650
2023 Expression of GADD45G and CAPRIN1 in Human Nucleus Pulposus: Implications for Intervertebral Disc Degeneration. International journal of molecular sciences 4 36982840
2025 Determining the Role of Electrostatics in the Making and Breaking of the Caprin1-ATP Nanocondensate. The journal of physical chemistry. B 3 40314620
2019 Crystal structure of a dimerization domain of human Caprin-2: similar overall dimeric fold but different molecular surface properties to that of human Caprin-1. Journal of biomolecular structure & dynamics 3 30304999
2015 Bacterial expression and preliminary crystallographic studies of a 149-residue fragment of human Caprin-1. Acta crystallographica. Section F, Structural biology communications 3 25760709
2025 Circular RNA hsa_circ_0000288 protects against epilepsy in mice by binding to and stabilizing caprin1 protein. Acta pharmacologica Sinica 2 39962265
2025 CAPRIN1/TYMS/MTHFD2 axis promotes EMT process in nasopharyngeal carcinoma development. The international journal of biochemistry & cell biology 2 40246062
2025 β-propeller protein-associated neurodegeneration protein WDR45 regulates stress granule disassembly via phase separation with Caprin-1. Nature communications 2 40473629
2025 Targeting LINC02544/miR-497-5p/CAPRIN1 axis via exosome-based siRNA to overcome immunotherapy resistance in triple-negative breast cancer. Molecular medicine (Cambridge, Mass.) 2 40819077
2019 Correction: Targeting a ribonucleoprotein complex containing the caprin-1 protein and the c-Myc mRNA suppresses tumor growth in mice: an identification of a novel oncotarget. Oncotarget 2 31448057
2025 Derivation of the IGGi006-A stem cell line from a patient with CAPRIN1 haploinsufficiency. Stem cell research 1 40112765
2025 Phase I First-in-Human Study of TRK-950, an IgG1 Antibody Specific to CAPRIN-1, in Patients with Advanced Solid Tumors. Cancer research communications 1 40557916
2025 Atomic Resolution Interactions Regulating Partitioning of a FUS Folded RRM Domain into Model CAPRIN1 Condensates. Journal of the American Chemical Society 1 40857360
2025 mRNA recruitment by G3BP1 condensates is regulated by Caprin1 but requires G3BP1 binding to mRNA. Scientific reports 1 41131140
2023 Regulation of RNG105/caprin1 dynamics by pathogenic cytoplasmic FUS and TDP-43 in neuronal RNA granules modulates synaptic loss. Heliyon 1 37484309
2026 CAPRIN1 (Cell Cycle-Associated Protein 1)-Related Neurodevelopmental Disorder: A Novel Mutation With Ataxia. Cureus 0 41859620
2026 CAPRIN1-mediated sequestration of NCOA4 mRNA into stress granules drives sorafenib resistance in hepatocellular carcinoma. Oncogene 0 41896589
2026 RNA binding protein CAPRIN1 suppresses STAT1 translation and interferon signalling to promote HBV replication. Gut 0 41951358
2026 A phase I study of TRK-950, an Anti-CAPRIN-1 antibody, as monotherapy and in combination with nivolumab in Japanese patients with advanced solid tumors. Investigational new drugs 0 41979863
2026 Time-dependent neuroprotective effects of YL-IPA08 in repetitive mild traumatic brain injury associated with changes in Caprin1/SHH signaling. European journal of pharmacology 0 41990903
2026 Caprin-1 silencing reverses YY1/HSP90α-mediated IDH1 stabilization to induce ferroptosis and sensitize cervical cancer to cisplatin. Cellular signalling 0 42114793
2025 Radiopharmaceutical application of TRK-950, an anti-CAPRIN-1 therapeutic antibody. Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology 0 40473914
2025 CAPRIN1 specifically mediates m6A modification of RIG-I RNA to inhibit Mycobacterium Tuberculosis infection. Communications biology 0 41198861
2024 Can CAPRIN-1 Be Responsible for the Recurrence Potential of Odontogenic Keratocysts? Journal of oral & maxillofacial research 0 39139357
2024 CAPRIN1 Transcriptionally Activated PLPP4 to Inhibit DOX Sensitivity and Promote Breast Cancer Progression. Cell biochemistry and biophysics 0 39556159
2022 Retraction Note: MicroRNA-199a-5p suppresses the cell growth of colorectal cancer by targeting oncogene Caprin1. 3 Biotech 0 36276440
2020 Caprin1 targeted by circular circ_0000885 in the tumor progression of osteosarcoma. European review for medical and pharmacological sciences 0 32432729

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