| 2017 |
PDZD8 is an ER-resident transmembrane protein whose SMP domain is functionally orthologous to the SMP domain of yeast Mmm1 (ERMES subunit). PDZD8 localizes to ER-mitochondria contact sites and is necessary for formation of these contacts in mammalian cells. In neurons, PDZD8 is required for Ca2+ uptake by mitochondria following synaptically induced Ca2+ release from ER, thereby regulating cytoplasmic Ca2+ dynamics. |
Live-cell imaging, subcellular fractionation, co-localization, siRNA knockdown with Ca2+ imaging readout, SMP domain functional complementation assay |
Science |
High |
29097544
|
| 2020 |
PDZD8 uses distinct domains to interact with GTP-bound Rab7 and the ER transmembrane protein Protrudin, localizing to ER-late endosome membrane contact sites. At these MCSs, mitochondria are also recruited, forming a three-way contact. PDZD8 thus serves as a shared component of both ER-mitochondria and ER-late endosome MCSs. |
Co-immunoprecipitation, proximity proteomics (BioID), live-cell imaging, CRISPR-Cas9 knockouts, domain mapping |
Nature Communications |
High |
32686675
|
| 2019 |
PDZD8, an intrinsic ER membrane protein with an SMP lipid transport domain, concentrates at ER-late endosome/lysosome contacts, where it interacts specifically with GTP-bound Rab7 (GTP-dependent interaction). |
Colocalization imaging, co-immunoprecipitation with GTP/GDP-loaded Rab7, knockdown |
PNAS |
High |
31636202
|
| 2020 |
PDZD8 interacts with Protrudin at ER-endolysosome (LyLE) MCSs. The SMP domain of PDZD8 mediates lipid extraction from ER membranes. PDZD8 and Protrudin cooperatively promote endosome maturation by mediating ER-LyLE tethering and lipid extraction at MCSs, which is essential for neuronal polarity and integrity. |
Co-immunoprecipitation, overexpression and siRNA knockdown in HeLa cells and mouse primary neurons, live-cell imaging, endosomal morphology assays, lipid extraction assay |
Nature Communications |
High |
32917905
|
| 2021 |
The SMP domain of PDZD8 binds glycerophospholipids and ceramides both in vivo and in vitro, and can transport lipids between membranes in vitro. PDZD8 acts as a tether at ER-late endosome/lysosome MCSs and its lipid transfer activity is required for late endosome/lysosome positioning and neurite outgrowth. |
In vitro lipid binding assay, in vitro lipid transfer assay between liposomes, PDZD8 knockdown with neurite outgrowth and organelle positioning readouts, confocal imaging |
Journal of Cell Science |
High |
33912962
|
| 2021 |
Crystal structure of the human PDZD8 C-terminal coiled-coil (CC) domain in complex with GTP-bound Rab7 was determined. The PDZD8 CC contains one short helix and two helices forming an antiparallel coiled-coil; two Rab7 molecules bind opposite sides of the CC in a 2:1 stoichiometry via their switch I/II and interswitch regions. Isothermal titration calorimetry confirmed the GTP-dependent 2:1 binding. |
X-ray crystallography, isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) |
Scientific Reports |
High |
34552186
|
| 2024 |
PDZD8 is a substrate of AMPK; AMPK phosphorylates PDZD8 at threonine 527 (T527) under low-glucose conditions. This phosphorylation promotes the interaction of PDZD8 with glutaminase 1 (GLS1), activating GLS1 and promoting glutaminolysis. The PDZD8-T527A mutation abolishes this interaction and dampens glutaminolysis and pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion in macrophages. |
In vitro kinase assay, mass spectrometry phospho-mapping, co-immunoprecipitation, GLS1 activity assay, T527A phospho-dead mutant, in vivo skeletal muscle and macrophage assays |
Cell Research |
High |
38898113
|
| 2025 |
FKBP8, an outer mitochondrial membrane (OMM) protein, is the direct tethering partner of ER-resident PDZD8 at ER-mitochondria contact sites (MERCS). Single-molecule tracking shows PDZD8 diffuses dynamically along the ER membrane with pauses and captures at MERCS. Overexpression of FKBP8 narrows the ER-OMM distance; combined deletion of PDZD8 and FKBP8 is interdependent for MERCS formation. PDZD8 enhances mitochondrial complexity (morphology) in a FKBP8-dependent manner. |
Unbiased proximity proteomics, CRISPR-Cas9 endogenous tagging, cryo-electron tomography, correlative light-electron microscopy (CLEM), single-molecule tracking, overexpression and double-KO epistasis |
Nature Communications |
High |
40246839
|
| 2010 |
PDZD8 interacts with HIV-1 Gag protein (identified by yeast two-hybrid, confirmed by co-immunoprecipitation). PDZD8 overexpression promotes initiation of reverse transcription and increases retroviral infection, while knockdown decreases HIV-1 infection. A PDZD8 mutant lacking its predicted coiled-coil domain fails to bind Gag and loses ability to promote HIV-1 infection, mapping the Gag-interacting region. |
Yeast two-hybrid, co-immunoprecipitation, overexpression and siRNA knockdown, reverse transcription efficiency assay, domain deletion mutagenesis |
Journal of Virology |
Medium |
20573829
|
| 2014 |
PDZD8 is a critical component of a heat-labile, >100 kDa cytoplasmic factor that slows spontaneous disassembly of HIV-1 capsid-nucleocapsid (CA-NC) complexes in vitro. PDZD8 knockdown accelerates HIV-1 capsid disassembly (uncoating) in infected cells and decreases reverse transcription. The coiled-coil domain is sufficient for capsid binding, but the PDZ domain is additionally required for capsid stabilization and supporting HIV-1 infection. |
In vitro capsid disassembly assay, PDZD8 knockdown, immunoprecipitation, domain deletion mutagenesis, reverse transcription assay in cells |
Journal of Virology |
Medium |
24554657
|
| 2015 |
Stable CRISPR-Cas9 knockout of PDZD8 does not reduce HIV-1 or murine leukemia virus infection efficiency compared to parental cells, indicating PDZD8 is not absolutely required for retroviral infection. |
CRISPR-Cas9 knockout cell lines, HIV-1 and MLV infection assays |
Virology |
Medium |
25771112
|
| 2011 |
PDZD8 interacts with moesin (an ERM family protein) as identified by co-immunoprecipitation. Exogenous expression of PDZD8 or moesin reduces levels of stable (acetylated) microtubules, suggesting PDZD8 functions as part of a cytoskeletal regulatory complex. Overexpression or siRNA knockdown of PDZD8 affects HSV-1 infection levels. |
Co-immunoprecipitation, siRNA knockdown, overexpression, microtubule acetylation assay, HSV-1 infection assay |
Virology |
Medium |
21549406
|
| 2022 |
In Drosophila, reducing pdzd8-mediated ER-mitochondria contacts (MERCs) in neurons slows age-associated locomotor decline and increases lifespan, correlating with increased mitophagy. Conversely, increasing MERCs via a synthetic ER-mitochondria tether disrupts mitochondrial transport and synapse formation and reduces lifespan. Pdzd8 knockdown also rescues locomotor defects in a fly model of Alzheimer's disease expressing Aβ42, demonstrating that MERC reduction is protective in a neurodegenerative context. |
Drosophila neuron-specific RNAi knockdown, lifespan assay, locomotor assay, mitophagy reporter, synthetic ER-mitochondria tether overexpression, Aβ42 disease model |
Life Science Alliance |
Medium |
35831024
|
| 2022 |
PDZD8-deficient mice accumulate cholesteryl esters (CEs) in the brain due to impaired lipophagy (lysosomal degradation of lipid droplets). PDZD8 functions as a Rab7 effector that transfers lipids (cholesterol and phosphatidylserine) between ER and Rab7-positive organelles to promote endolysosome maturation and fusion of CE-containing lipid droplets with lysosomes. |
PDZD8-KO mouse model, lipidomics (CE quantification), lipid droplet morphology assays, lysosomal fusion assays, Rab7 interaction studies |
iScience |
Medium |
36465123
|
| 2023 |
PDZD8 transports cholesterol to lipid droplets and promotes fusion of lipid droplets with lysosomes (lipophagy). PDZD8-KO mice exhibit impaired lipid droplet degradation and abnormal accumulation of cholesteryl esters in the brain, leading to behavioral abnormalities in emotion, cognition, and adaptation. |
PDZD8-KO mouse model, cholesterol transport assay, lipid droplet-lysosome fusion assay, behavioral battery (open field, fear conditioning, etc.) |
Molecular Brain |
Medium |
36658656
|
| 2025 |
PDZD8 (LYVAC) is a general mediator of lysosomal vacuolation. Upon lysosomal osmotic stress, diverse vacuolation inducers trigger PDZD8 recruitment to lysosomes through multivalent interactions. Stress-induced lysosomal lipid signaling (phosphatidylserine and cholesterol) activates PDZD8's SMP lipid transfer domain, driving directional ER-to-lysosome lipid movement that causes osmotic membrane expansion of lysosomes. |
Human cell line imaging, PDZD8 KO and rescue, live-cell imaging, lipid sensing assays, domain mutagenesis of lipid-binding residues |
Science |
High |
40839735
|
| 2025 |
PDZD8 promotes autophagy at ER-late endosome/lysosome MCSs by promoting lysosome maturation and accelerating autophagic flux. PDZD8 is required for activity-dependent synaptic bouton formation in Drosophila neurons, and is sufficient to drive excess bouton formation through an autophagy-dependent mechanism. SMP domain mutational analysis suggests lipid transfer from ER to late endosomes/lysosomes is the mechanistic basis for lysosome maturation. |
In vivo CRISPR screen in Drosophila, genetic loss-of-function and gain-of-function, autophagic flux assays, lysosome maturation assays, SMP domain mutagenesis, synaptic bouton counting |
Cell Reports |
Medium |
40156832
|
| 2025 |
PDZD8 regulates endolysosomal maturation and acidification, which is required for proper translocation of TLR9 to endolysosomes and downstream NF-κB activation in kidney proximal tubular cells. PDZD8 KO mice show reduced cisplatin-induced AKI severity and reduced NF-κB pathway activation. PDZD8 knockdown did not alter mitochondrial morphology or cytosolic leakage of mitochondrial DNA. |
Pdzd8 KO mouse, in vitro PDZD8 knockdown in human proximal tubular cells, lysosomal acidification assay, TLR9 localization by immunofluorescence, NF-κB reporter, cisplatin AKI model |
American Journal of Physiology - Renal Physiology |
Medium |
40897465
|
| 2024 |
PDZD8 augments ER-mitochondria contact (MAM) formation in pancreatic β-cells. PDZD8 knockdown shortens MAM perimeter, suppresses MAM-related proteins (IP3R1, GRP75, VDAC1), inhibits VDAC1-IP3R1 interaction, alleviates mitochondrial Ca2+ overload, and decreases Cyclophilin D (CypD) expression, thereby reducing β-cell apoptosis. Cyclophilin D overexpression rescues β-cell death, placing PDZD8 upstream of CypD in the apoptotic pathway. |
PDZD8 knockdown in INS-1 cells and HFD mouse model, proximity ligation assay for VDAC1-IP3R1 interaction, Ca2+ imaging, mitochondrial membrane potential assay, Western blot, epistasis with CypD overexpression |
Diabetes & Metabolism Journal |
Medium |
39069376
|
| 2025 |
PDZD8 dysregulation in RVLM neurons activates Ca2+-Calpain-2 (CAPN2) signaling: PDZD8 deficiency elevates cytoplasmic Ca2+ levels, which upregulates CAPN2, leading to ER stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and neuronal apoptosis. CAPN2 inhibition rescues PDZD8-deficiency-induced ER stress and mitochondrial dysfunction. In vivo, PDZD8 upregulation in RVLM suppresses neuronal hyperexcitation and reduces blood pressure in stress-induced hypertension rats. |
PDZD8 siRNA knockdown in N2a cells, AAV2-mediated PDZD8 overexpression in rat RVLM, CAPN2 inhibitor treatment, Western blot, flow cytometry, immunofluorescence, RSNA/BP measurement |
Molecular Neurobiology |
Medium |
40418411
|
| 2025 |
TMEM55B is identified as a lysosomal PDZD8-associated protein. TMEM55B depletion reduces lysosomal acidification, impairs lipid droplet turnover, attenuates lysosomal Ca2+ release and reuptake, and diminishes ER Ca2+ responses, consistent with impaired CICR at ER-lysosome MCSs. Mitochondrial Ca2+ dynamics were unaffected, suggesting specificity to the ER-lysosome axis. |
Co-immunoprecipitation/proximity assay for PDZD8-TMEM55B interaction, lysosomal pH assay, lipid droplet assay, Ca2+ imaging, siRNA knockdown |
bioRxiv (preprint)preprint |
Low |
bio_10.1101_2025.10.21.683636
|
| 2025 |
Live-cell imaging using a novel ddFP-based MERCS sensor (MERCdRED) demonstrated that large MERCS are more stable than smaller ones. Nutrient deprivation reduces MERCS area in a PDZD8-dependent manner, establishing PDZD8 as required for nutrient-regulated MERCS dynamics. |
Novel MERCS fluorescent sensor (ddFP-based), CLEM validation, live-cell imaging, PDZD8 KO under nutrient deprivation |
bioRxiv (preprint)preprint |
Low |
bio_10.1101_2025.04.17.649323
|