| 1992 |
MAZ (MYC-associated zinc finger protein) was cloned and shown to bind specifically to the ME1a1 GA-box sequence (GGGAGGG) in the c-MYC P2 promoter, to the P2 attenuator region in the first exon, and to a related sequence involved in transcriptional termination of the C2 gene, suggesting dual roles in transcription initiation and termination. |
Lambda gt11 library screening with concatamerized binding site probe, in vitro DNA binding with MAL-c fusion protein, EMSA |
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America |
High |
1502157
|
| 1992 |
Pur-1 (MAZ) was cloned from a hamster insulinoma library and shown to bind GAGA boxes in the rat insulin I and II gene promoters and the human islet amyloid polypeptide gene promoter, and to function as a potent transcriptional transactivator in both pancreatic and nonpancreatic cells including HeLa cells. |
Lambda gt11 library screening, EMSA, transient transfection transactivation assays |
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America |
High |
1454839
|
| 1994 |
MAZ binds to a G5AG5 consensus sequence between the closely spaced human complement genes C2 and Factor B, bends DNA, and its binding correlates with transcriptional termination activity in vivo; mutation of MAZ sites severely reduces termination activity. Inherently bent DNA was highly active as a terminator, suggesting MAZ-induced DNA bending is important for C2 and g11 termination. |
In vitro protein binding assays, MAZ consensus site identification, mutational analysis of termination sequences, in vivo termination assay |
The EMBO journal |
High |
7988563
|
| 1996 |
MAZ (Pur-1/Zif87) protein was cloned from HeLa cells based on binding to a GC-rich motif (GGGG(C/A)GGGG) in the serotonin 1a receptor gene promoter. DNase I footprinting identified four MAZ binding sites, three of which overlap Sp1 binding sites. Overproduction of MAZ in transient transfection assays increased expression from the human serotonin 1a receptor 5'-flanking sequence more effectively than Sp1, and one GC-rich sequence functioned as a transcription initiator in vitro. |
cDNA cloning from HeLa library, DNase I footprinting, transient transfection, in vitro transcription initiator assay |
The Journal of biological chemistry |
High |
8626793
|
| 1996 |
THZif-1 (a MAZ-like zinc finger protein) binds specifically to the single-stranded pyrimidine-rich DNA of the c-MYC nuclease-hypersensitive element (NHE) with a Kd ~0.077 μM, but does not bind the purine-rich strand or methylated double-stranded NHE. The second zinc finger motif is the primary DNA-binding domain for this activity. |
EMSA with GST-THZif-1 fusion protein and deletion mutants, Kd measurement |
The Journal of biological chemistry |
Medium |
8940139
|
| 1997 |
MAZ binding activity at the ME1a1 site closely correlates with the kinetics of c-myc P2 promoter activity during retinoic acid-induced neuroectodermal differentiation of P19 cells, establishing MAZ as essential for the transient ME1a1-dependent expression of c-myc during this differentiation process. |
CAT reporter assay with c-myc promoter constructs, EMSA with ME1a1 probe in differentiating P19 cells |
Oncogene |
Medium |
9294605
|
| 1997 |
MAZ and Sp1 both activate the adenovirus type 5 major late promoter by binding GC-rich sequences flanking the TATA box (MAZ binds at -18 and -36; Sp1 at -18). Evidence for physical interaction between MAZ and the adenovirus E1A protein was obtained by immunoprecipitation, and E1A enhances MAZ-mediated activation. |
DNase I footprinting, transient transfection, mutational analysis, immunoprecipitation with E1A |
Journal of virology |
Medium |
9371624
|
| 1998 |
The human MAZ gene is located on chromosome 16p11.2, spans ~40 kb with five exons and four introns, and its promoter has features of a housekeeping gene (high GC, CpG-rich, no TATA/CAAT). Positive and negative autoregulatory elements were identified: MAZ positively autoregulates from -248 to -189 bp and negatively autoregulates from -383 to -248 bp. |
Genomic cloning, S1 nuclease protection assay, CAT reporter cotransfection with MAZ expression vector |
The Journal of biological chemistry |
Medium |
9685418
|
| 1999 |
Casein kinase II (CKII) phosphorylates MAZ at serine 480 (identified by site-specific mutagenesis). This phosphorylation is required for maximum MAZ binding to the pyrimidine-rich NHE of the c-myc promoter. S480A mutation eliminates DNA-binding activity and abolishes MAZ-enhanced luciferase expression from a c-myc promoter reporter in HeLa cells. |
Site-specific mutagenesis, in vitro and in vivo phosphorylation assays, EMSA, luciferase reporter assay |
Biochemical and biophysical research communications |
High |
10448092
|
| 1999 |
ZF87/MAZ overexpression in COS cells significantly represses transcription from the murine c-myc P2 promoter via the ME1a2 element at -86 relative to the P2 transcription start site. MAZ functions as a transcriptional repressor when fused to GAL4, and the repressive domain maps to the amino-terminal proline/alanine-rich region. |
Transient transfection/cotransfection in COS cells, GAL4 fusion assay, promoter deletion/mutation analysis |
The Journal of biological chemistry |
Medium |
10383467
|
| 2000 |
MAZ/Pur-1 binds to ILPR G-quartet-forming sequences in the human insulin promoter, and both inter- and intramolecular G-quartet formation in the ILPR can influence transcriptional activity of the insulin gene, contributing to diabetes susceptibility associated with the IDDM2 locus. |
DNA structure analysis, transcriptional activity assays with mutant ILPR repeats designed to favor or disfavor G-quartet formation |
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America |
Medium |
11070077
|
| 2000 |
FAC1 protein physically interacts with ZF87/MAZ, as shown by yeast two-hybrid and in vitro recombinant protein binding. The MAZ interaction domain maps to the FAC1 region containing a putative NLS/NES, while FAC1 recognizes a conformational interface including the Pro/Ala-rich domain and first zinc finger of MAZ. FAC1 co-expression reduces ZF87/MAZ-mediated transactivation of the SV40 promoter in a dose-dependent manner; a FAC1 mutant lacking the MAZ-interaction domain does not alter MAZ activity. |
Yeast two-hybrid, recombinant protein pulldown, deletion mutagenesis, cotransfection luciferase reporter assay |
Biochemistry |
Medium |
10727212
|
| 2001 |
Sp1 and MAZ bind to the same GC-rich cis-elements in the MAZ gene promoter and independently repress MAZ expression. A novel repressive domain in MAZ maps to amino acids 127–292. Histone deacetylases are involved in MAZ autorepression, while DNA methyltransferase 1 is associated with Sp1-mediated repression of MAZ. |
EMSA, deletion/mutation analysis, cotransfection with reporter, HDAC inhibitor treatment, methyltransferase experiments |
The Journal of biological chemistry |
Medium |
11259406
|
| 2001 |
The DNA-binding activity of Sp1 and MAZ depends on two consecutive zinc fingers: the second and third zinc fingers in Sp1, and the third and fourth zinc fingers in MAZ. Both proteins bind to overlapping GC-rich sequences (GGGCGG for Sp1, GGGAGGG for MAZ). |
EMSA with zinc finger deletion mutants, competition binding |
The Journal of biological chemistry |
Medium |
11395515
|
| 2002 |
SP1 and MAZ bind to a 27-bp GC-rich region in the NR1 (NMDA receptor subunit 1) promoter. Mutations in SP1 and MAZ binding sites impair protein binding and decrease NR1 promoter activity during neuronal differentiation of P19 cells, despite binding activity of both factors remaining unchanged after differentiation. |
EMSA, mutagenesis of promoter binding sites, transient transfection reporter assay during P19 neuronal differentiation |
Brain research. Molecular brain research |
Medium |
12425938
|
| 2003 |
MAZ is an autoantigen in Hodgkin's disease patients with paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration. In neuronal cells, MAZ interacts with DCC (Deleted in Colorectal Cancer product), the receptor for the neuronal survival factor netrin-1, suggesting epitope spreading between the Tr antigen and the MAZ-DCC complex. |
Cerebellar expression library probing with patient sera, immunoblot, cell co-expression analysis |
Annals of neurology |
Low |
12509857
|
| 2003 |
MAZ and Sp1 bind competitively to overlapping elements at -48 and -38 bp in the rat PNMT gene promoter. MAZ displaces/prevents Sp1 binding, with occupancy dependent on concentration and relative affinity. Phosphatase treatment of nuclear extracts prevents both MAZ- and Sp1-DNA binding complex formation. MAZ preferentially increases intron-retaining PNMT mRNA whereas Sp1 preferentially increases intronless mRNA. |
Gel mobility shift assay with in vitro translated proteins, PNMT promoter transient transfection assays, phosphatase treatment |
Molecular pharmacology |
Medium |
14573768
|
| 2004 |
MAZ4 elements within the FGFR2 pre-mRNA locus function as RNA polymerase II pause sites. Insertion of MAZ4 5' to upstream silencing elements or between exon IIIb and downstream silencing elements decreases exon IIIb silencing, demonstrating that RNAPII pausing at MAZ elements can alter alternative splicing decisions. Changing the promoter alters both FGFR2 minigene splicing and the MAZ4 effect. |
Minigene cotransfection assay, RT-PCR elongation assay for RNAPII pausing, promoter-swap experiments, in vitro transcribed RNA transfection |
The Journal of biological chemistry |
High |
15126509
|
| 2007 |
MAZ is overexpressed in MCF-7 breast cancer cells and binds the PPARgamma1 tumor-specific promoter (pA1) in vivo. Overexpression of MAZ in normal human mammary epithelial cells (HMEC) is sufficient to drive PPARgamma1 expression by recruiting the tumor-specific promoter pA1. |
Western blot (MAZ overexpression), chromatin immunoprecipitation (MAZ binding to pA1 promoter), transfection of MAZ into HMEC |
Breast cancer research and treatment |
Medium |
17902047
|
| 2008 |
MAZ was identified by quantitative ICAT proteomics as a factor binding the conserved Muscle creatine kinase promoter element MPEX. MAZ transactivates the MCK promoter, binds the MPEX site in vitro, and is enriched at endogenous MCK, Skeletal alpha-actin, Desmin, and alpha-Myosin heavy chain promoters in skeletal and cardiac myocytes by ChIP. MAZ transcripts and DNA-binding activity are upregulated during skeletal myocyte differentiation. MAZ also occupies and transactivates the Six4 promoter in skeletal but not cardiac myocytes. |
ICAT quantitative proteomics, in vitro DNA binding, ChIP, transactivation reporter assays, RT-PCR of differentiation |
Molecular and cellular biology |
High |
18710939
|
| 2012 |
MAZ is a transcriptional regulator of VEGF in glioblastoma-associated endothelial cells. miR-125b is down-regulated by VEGF in endothelial cells, resulting in increased MAZ expression; increased MAZ in turn promotes VEGF transcription, forming a feed-forward loop. MAZ-specific shRNAs attenuate primary human brain endothelial cell migration and tubule formation in vitro. |
shRNA knockdown, miR-125b inhibitor/mimic, migration and tubule formation assays, luciferase reporter |
FASEB journal |
Medium |
22415301
|
| 2013 |
MAZ activates KRAS transcription by binding to G-quadruplex structures in the KRAS promoter nuclease-hypersensitive element (NHE). G4-decoy oligonucleotides mimicking KRAS quadruplexes suppress KRAS expression, reduce metabolic activity, inhibit colony formation, and activate apoptosis in Panc-1 cells; intratumoral injection in SCID mice reduced xenograft tumor growth by 64%. |
EMSA (MAZ binding to G4 DNA), luciferase reporter assay, G4-decoy oligonucleotide treatment, in vitro cell growth assays, in vivo xenograft |
Nucleic acids research |
Medium |
23471001
|
| 2014 |
MAZ binds to G-quadruplex structures in the HRAS promoter (two neighboring G-elements) and unfolds them; in the presence of complementary strands, MAZ promotes rapid transformation of the HRAS G-quadruplexes into duplexes. The two neighboring G-quadruplexes synergistically repress HRAS transcription. Mutational dissection separated MAZ-binding sites from quadruplex-forming motifs. |
EMSA with GST-MAZ, G-quadruplex unfolding assay with complementary strands, mutational analysis of HRAS G-elements, reporter assays |
Nucleic acids research |
High |
25013182
|
| 2014 |
HIF2α activates the Cav1 (caveolin-1) promoter in the colon in a HIF response element-independent manner, and MAZ is essential for this HIF2α-mediated activation. Hypoxic induction of CAV1 via this HIF2α/MAZ mechanism in the colon suppresses occludin expression, impairing intestinal barrier integrity. |
Mouse models with intestinal-specific HIF1α/HIF2α overexpression, reporter assays, MAZ functional requirement assessed |
Molecular and cellular biology |
Medium |
24891620
|
| 2015 |
MAZ transcriptionally activates ZO-1, occludin, and claudin-5 promoters by binding to their GGGCGGG, CCCTCCC, and GGGAGGG elements, respectively, as confirmed by ChIP assay. Knockdown of MAZ impairs blood-tumor barrier integrity and increases permeability, downregulating ZO-1, occludin, and claudin-5. miR-34c targets and suppresses MAZ expression. |
ChIP assay (MAZ binding to tight junction gene promoters), dual-luciferase reporter, siRNA/shRNA knockdown, transendothelial electric resistance, HRP flux assay |
Journal of cellular physiology |
Medium |
25201524
|
| 2016 |
Akt phosphorylates MAZ at Thr385 in response to oncogene activation. Phosphorylated MAZ is released from the p53 promoter, leading to transcriptional activation of p53. Un-phosphorylated MAZ acts as a transcriptional repressor of the p53 promoter. |
Phosphorylation assay (Akt + MAZ in vitro), mutagenesis of MAZ Thr385, ChIP (MAZ at p53 promoter), luciferase reporter assay |
Cancer letters |
Medium |
26902421
|
| 2016 |
MAZ mediates cardiotrophin-1 (CT-1)-induced NOTCH1 signaling during gliogenesis by transcriptionally activating ADAM10 (a rate-limiting factor for NOTCH1 activation). MAZ knockdown inhibits CT-1-stimulated gliogenesis and can be rescued by overexpression of NICD (Notch intracellular domain). |
MAZ shRNA knockdown, gliogenesis assay, rescue with NICD overexpression, reporter assay for ADAM10 |
Scientific reports |
Medium |
26867947
|
| 2017 |
MAZ (purified as Myb-sp) binds to and activates transcription via the E2F binding element in the MYB promoter, bypassing RB/p130-mediated repression. MAZ isoforms are major components of the Myb-sp activity. Forced RB or p130 expression represses the MYB-E2F element reporter, but co-expression of MAZ not only reverses repression but activates transcription. MAZ occupies the MYB promoter in vivo, and MAZ knockdown inhibits MYB expression during exit from quiescence. |
Biochemical purification of Myb-sp, EMSA, ChIP (MAZ at MYB promoter in vivo), luciferase reporter, RB/p130 cotransfection, siRNA knockdown |
Nucleic acids research |
High |
28973440
|
| 2018 |
MAZ promotes bone metastasis of prostate cancer through transcriptional upregulation of KRas and HRas expression. ChIP and luciferase assays confirm MAZ binding to Ras gene promoters. RalGEF signaling downstream of KRas (not HRas) mediates the pro-bone metastasis effect of MAZ. MAZ overexpression/silencing bidirectionally regulates PCa invasion, migration in vitro and bone metastasis in vivo (cardiac ventricle inoculation model). |
ChIP, luciferase reporter, transwell assay, in vivo intracardiac bone metastasis model, western blot, pull-down assays |
Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research |
Medium |
31488180
|
| 2018 |
Mechanistically, MAZ depletion in PDAC cells does not directly affect K-Ras mutant expression, but MAZ increases CRAF-ERK signaling activity via PAK and AKT/PKB cascades to promote PDAC cell invasiveness. Cyr61/CCN1 regulates MAZ expression upstream via Notch-1-sonic hedgehog signaling. |
Western blot (CRAF-ERK activity), siRNA knockdown of MAZ, invasion/migration/sphere formation assays, signaling pathway inhibitor experiments |
The Journal of biological chemistry |
Medium |
29414775
|
| 2018 |
MAZ knockdown in HEK293 cells results in differential expression of WNT morphogens required for genitourinary development including Wnt11 and Wnt4, prevents efficient transition into S phase, affects transcription of cell-cycle regulators, and abrogates growth. Homozygous Maz deletion in CRISPR-Cas9 mice causes perinatal lethality with high penetrance of congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUTs); haploinsufficiency produces bladder development defects. |
siRNA knockdown in HEK293 cells, CRISPR-Cas9 mouse Maz deletion, gene expression profiling, cell cycle analysis |
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America |
High |
29432158
|
| 2019 |
circ-CUX1 binds to EWSR1 to facilitate its interaction with MAZ, resulting in transactivation of MAZ and transcriptional alteration of genes associated with neuroblastoma tumor progression and aerobic glycolysis. |
RNA pulldown, co-immunoprecipitation (EWSR1-MAZ interaction), luciferase reporter (MAZ transactivation), lentiviral knockdown, inhibitory peptide blocking circ-CUX1-EWSR1 interaction |
EMBO molecular medicine |
Medium |
31709724
|
| 2020 |
Maz disruption in mice causes developmental eye defects due to increased expression of Wnt pathway genes (Sfrp2, Wnt2b, Fzd4) in Maz-deficient eyes, yet the Wnt reporter TCF-Lef1 is significantly downregulated, indicating MAZ is necessary for activation of the canonical Wnt/β-catenin pathway and participates in ciliary margin patterning. |
CRISPR-Cas9 Maz knockout mouse, gene expression analysis, Wnt reporter (TCF-Lef1) assay, proliferation assays |
Disease models & mechanisms |
Medium |
32571845
|
| 2021 |
MAZ physically interacts with the cohesin subunit RAD21 (independently of CTCF), can arrest cohesin sliding independently of CTCF, pauses the elongating form of RNA polymerase II (affecting alternative splicing), and insulates an enhancer from a promoter. CTCF/MAZ double sites sequester cohesin more effectively than CTCF-only sites. MAZ depletion disrupts local contacts within topologically associating domains (TADs) and TAD boundaries in Hi-C analysis. |
Co-immunoprecipitation (MAZ-RAD21), insulator assay, RNAPII pause assay, Hi-C (MAZ depletion), ChIP-seq (MAZ/CTCF co-occupancy), alternative splicing analysis |
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America |
High |
33558242
|
| 2021 |
MAZ was identified by DNA affinity purification and mass spectrometry as a transcription factor binding the α-globin gene promoter in primary human erythroid cells. Genome-wide mapping shows MAZ occupies active promoters and GATA1-bound enhancers of key erythroid genes. MAZ knockdown reduces α-globin expression in K562 cells and impairs differentiation in primary human erythroid cells. |
DNA affinity purification + mass spectrometry, ChIP-seq, shRNA knockdown, erythroid differentiation assay |
Blood advances |
High |
34351390
|
| 2022 |
A genome-wide CRISPR KO screen identified MAZ as a cofactor in CTCF-mediated insulation at HoxA cluster boundaries. MAZ colocalizes with CTCF at chromatin borders and interacts with cohesin subunit RAD21. MAZ motif deletions in mice lead to derepression of posterior Hox genes immediately after CTCF boundaries and homeotic transformations, phenocopying CTCF motif deletions. |
Genome-wide CRISPR KO screen, Co-IP (MAZ-RAD21), ChIP-seq (MAZ/CTCF co-localization), MAZ motif deletion in mouse (CRISPR), gene expression analysis |
Nature genetics |
High |
35145304
|
| 2022 |
MAZ transcriptionally activates FTH1 (ferritin heavy chain 1, a negative regulator of ferroptosis) by binding to the FTH1 promoter, as confirmed by ChIP assay. The lncRNA TUG1 directly targets MAZ (confirmed by luciferase assay), and TUG1 downregulation or FTH1 inhibition enhances dihydroartemisinin-induced ferroptosis in glioma cells. |
ChIP assay (MAZ binding FTH1 promoter), luciferase assay (TUG1-MAZ interaction), ferroptosis assays, in vitro and in vivo experiments |
Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity |
Medium |
36164395
|
| 2024 |
G-quadruplexes (G4s) in the CCND1 promoter recruit MAZ and promote motility within MAZ phase-separated condensates to activate CCND1 transcription. Zinc finger 2 of MAZ is responsible for G4 binding, while zinc fingers 3–5 (not the disordered region) are critical for MAZ condensation. MAZ nuclear puncta colocalize with G4 signals and coactivators (BRD4, MED1, CDK9, active RNAPII, active histone markers). MAZ mutants lacking either G4 binding or phase separation ability fail to form nuclear puncta and show deficiencies in promoting hepatocellular carcinoma proliferation and xenograft tumor formation. |
Domain mutagenesis (ZF2 deletion, ZF3-5 deletion), phase-separation/condensate imaging, ChIP for coactivators, xenograft tumor formation assay, G4 co-localization |
Nature communications |
High |
38316778
|
| 2024 |
MAZ is confirmed as the major upstream transcription factor directly regulating BCKDK expression in triple-negative breast cancer by binding to the BCKDK promoter, as validated by ChIP and luciferase assays. BCKDK interacts with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) to increase pentose phosphate pathway flux, and forced G6PD expression rescues growth defects in BCKDK-deficient cells. |
ChIP assay, luciferase reporter assay, Co-IP (BCKDK-G6PD), isotope tracer metabolomics, cell growth assays, patient-derived xenograft |
Cell death & disease |
Medium |
39025830
|
| 2024 |
MAZ transcriptionally activates NEIL3 expression in lung adenocarcinoma by binding to its promoter, as confirmed by dual-luciferase and ChIP assays. The MAZ/NEIL3 axis represses DNA damage to advance cisplatin resistance and promotes cell migration and invasion in LUAD. |
ChIP assay, dual-luciferase reporter assay, siRNA knockdown, DNA damage assays, cell migration and invasion |
Pulmonary pharmacology & therapeutics |
Medium |
37121465
|
| 2024 |
MAZ promotes osteosarcoma cell migration and invasion downstream of PTX3/STAT3 signaling. PTX3 knockdown reduces MAZ promoter activity and MAZ expression via STAT3, and MAZ overexpression rescues migration suppressed by PTX3 knockdown. |
Luciferase reporter (MAZ promoter), western blot, STAT3 overexpression rescue, transwell migration/invasion, xenograft tail vein metastasis model |
Cancer cell international |
Medium |
41107857
|
| 2025 |
MAZ binds to and recruits the transcriptional inhibitory complex containing HDAC1, RBBP7, and CUL4B. MAZ and HDAC1 cooperatively repress CSK gene expression; knockdown of either MAZ or HDAC1 activates CSK expression and subsequently inhibits MAPK/ERK, STAT3, and PI3K/AKT signaling. MAZ/HDAC1 complex-mediated histone deacetylation at the CSK promoter is the proposed mechanism. |
Immunoaffinity purification + silver-stain mass spectrometry (MAZ interactome), RNA-seq, ChIP assay, EdU, colony formation, transwell, in vivo xenograft and bioluminescence metastasis assay |
Molecular carcinogenesis |
Medium |
40618395
|
| 2025 |
MAZ occupies the MYB promoter and transcriptionally activates MYB expression; MAZ depletion reduces MYB levels and leads to significant induction of γ-globin (HBG) expression and increased fetal hemoglobin in HUDEP-2 and patient-derived β-thalassemia erythroid cells. Restoration of MYB re-silences HBG levels in MAZ-depleted cells, establishing the MAZ-MYB-HBG axis. |
HUDEP-2 and primary erythroid cell MAZ knockdown, MYB re-expression rescue, HbF FACS quantification, qRT-PCR |
Scientific reports |
Medium |
41331317
|
| 2025 |
Zip7 (zinc transporter) interacts with MAZ in the cytoplasm and facilitates MAZ nuclear import. Nuclear MAZ is upregulated in metastatic prostate cancer. Zip7 silencing inhibits PCa cell migration and invasion in vitro and bone metastasis in vivo; RNA-seq reveals Zip7 facilitates MAZ nuclear import to promote MYBL2 transcription. |
Co-IP (Zip7-MAZ cytoplasmic interaction), nuclear/cytoplasmic fractionation, Zip7 siRNA KD, intracardiac bone metastasis model, RNA-seq |
Communications biology |
Medium |
42010154
|
| 2000 |
ZF87/MAZ overexpression in NIH3T3 fibroblasts causes a growth suppressor phenotype: significant reduction in colony formation, slow growth, delayed G1 transit, decreased endogenous c-myc expression, and reduced cyclin A and cyclin E protein levels. |
Retroviral transduction, colony formation assay, growth curve analysis, flow cytometry cell cycle analysis, western blot for cyclins |
Biochemistry and cell biology |
Medium |
11012087
|