Affinage

KRT19

Keratin, type I cytoskeletal 19 · UniProt P08727

Length
400 aa
Mass
44.1 kDa
Annotated
2026-06-10
100 papers in source corpus 15 papers cited in narrative 15 extracted findings
Cross-family judge vs UniProt: Affinage preferred faithfulness: 6/6 claims corpus-supported (100%)

Mechanistic narrative

Synthesis pass · prose summary of the discoveries below

KRT19 is a type I intermediate filament cytoskeletal protein whose protein stability depends on co-expression of its type II partner K8, with which it forms K8/K19 keratin filaments (PMID:9152022). Beyond its structural role, KRT19 functions as a context-dependent signaling scaffold for the Wnt/β-catenin–Notch axis: it binds β-catenin and, in breast cancer, the β-catenin/RAC1 complex to drive nuclear β-catenin translocation and NUMB expression that restrains NOTCH signaling (PMID:27345400), whereas in colon cancer it engages β-catenin independently of RAC1 to permit LEF/TCF-driven Wnt/Notch activation (PMID:30650643). This scaffolding activity is gated by phosphorylation at Ser35, which controls cytoplasmic-versus-membrane partitioning of KRT19 and its β-catenin engagement (PMID:33767587). KRT19 also has a nuclear pool in which it acts as a transcriptional corepressor, binding HDAC1 and RCOR1 to enhance assembly and deacetylase activity of the CoREST complex and silence hepatocyte-specific genes including HNF4A, driving dedifferentiation and liver tumorigenesis (PMID:38557414). At the apical plasma membrane it stabilizes CFTR by blocking Rab7A-mediated lysosomal degradation, increasing chloride secretion in bronchial epithelium (PMID:31450978). KRT19 expression is set transcriptionally — by FOXP4 in liver cancer (PMID:38557414) — and during development KRT19 marks ductal/luminal epithelial identity downstream of Notch signaling in lacrimal gland morphogenesis (PMID:29033846).

Mechanistic history

Synthesis pass · year-by-year structured walk · 8 steps
  1. 1995 Medium

    Established that KRT19 expression is transcriptionally controlled and developmentally dynamic, marking undifferentiated gonadal and ovarian somatic cells before being switched off as testicular differentiation begins.

    Evidence Northern blot, RT-PCR, and in situ hybridization across rat embryonic gonadal development

    PMID:8541209

    Open questions at the time
    • Does not identify the transcription factors driving the K19/K18 switch
    • No protein-level or functional readout
  2. 1997 Medium

    Resolved a key determinant of KRT19 stability, showing that K8 co-expression is required to stabilize K19 protein into K8/K19 filaments and that keratin pairing influences tumor cell motility and tumorigenicity.

    Evidence Transfection of K8/K18 into keratin-null pancreatic adenocarcinoma cells with stability, motility, and in vivo tumorigenicity assays

    PMID:9152022

    Open questions at the time
    • Does not define the structural basis of K8-dependent K19 stabilization
    • Mechanism linking filament composition to motility unresolved
  3. 2016 Medium

    Defined KRT19 as a signaling scaffold by showing it binds the β-catenin/RAC1 complex to drive nuclear β-catenin, NUMB induction, and NOTCH suppression, restraining cancer stem cell properties.

    Evidence Reciprocal Co-IP, nuclear fractionation, knockdown, and reporter assays in breast cancer cells

    PMID:27345400

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct binding interface not mapped
    • Single cell-type context
  4. 2016 Medium

    Identified a post-transcriptional brake on KRT19, showing miR-26a directly represses KRT19 mRNA to limit the stem-like cell fraction in cholangiocarcinoma.

    Evidence 3'UTR luciferase reporter, miR-26a gain/loss, side-population flow cytometry, and in vivo tumor assays

    PMID:27833076

    Open questions at the time
    • Downstream effectors of KRT19 in stemness not dissected here
  5. 2019 Medium

    Showed KRT19's β-catenin scaffolding is context-dependent: in colon cancer it binds β-catenin without RAC1, enabling LEF/TCF-driven Wnt/Notch activation rather than NUMB-mediated suppression.

    Evidence Co-IP, ChIP, knockdown, and proliferation/invasion assays in colon cancer cells

    PMID:30650643

    Open questions at the time
    • Molecular basis of cell-type-specific RAC1 inclusion/exclusion unknown
  6. 2019 High

    Uncovered a membrane-stabilizing function distinct from signaling, showing CK19 protects CFTR from Rab7A-mediated lysosomal degradation to sustain apical chloride secretion.

    Evidence Co-IP, overexpression, endocytosis/degradation assays, Rab7A functional studies, and Ussing chamber Cl- measurements in bronchial epithelium

    PMID:31450978

    Open questions at the time
    • Structural basis of CK19-CFTR interaction not defined
    • Whether the same mechanism applies to MRP4 directly not established
  7. 2021 Medium

    Established Ser35 phosphorylation as a switch governing KRT19 subcellular partitioning, with Linc-KILH inhibiting Ser35 phosphorylation to promote membrane localization and β-catenin engagement.

    Evidence RNA-IP, Co-IP, Ser35 phosphosite mutation, and fractionation in KRT19-positive HCC cells

    PMID:33767587

    Open questions at the time
    • Identity of the Ser35 kinase not determined
    • Quantitative link between phospho-state and β-catenin output unresolved
  8. 2024 High

    Revealed a nuclear corepressor function for KRT19, showing it binds HDAC1/RCOR1 to enhance CoREST complex assembly and deacetylase activity, silencing hepatocyte genes (HNF4A) and driving dedifferentiation; FOXP4 was identified as a direct KRT19 transcriptional activator.

    Evidence Nuclear fractionation, tandem affinity purification/MS, ChIP-seq, HDAC activity assays, in vivo multiplexed genome editing, and KRT19 knockout in liver cancer models

    PMID:38557414

    Open questions at the time
    • Structural mechanism of CoREST enhancement by KRT19 not defined
    • Whether nuclear import is regulated by the same Ser35 switch unclear

Open questions

Synthesis pass · forward-looking unresolved questions
  • How a single intermediate filament protein partitions between cytoskeletal, plasma membrane, and nuclear corepressor roles — and what determines which function dominates in a given cell — remains unresolved.
  • No unifying model linking Ser35 phosphorylation to all subcellular pools
  • Kinase(s) and import machinery for nuclear KRT19 unknown
  • Structural details of KRT19 protein-protein interfaces uncharacterized

Mechanism profile

Synthesis pass · controlled-vocabulary classification · explore literature graph →
Molecular activity
GO:0060090 molecular adaptor activity 3 GO:0005198 structural molecule activity 1 GO:0140110 transcription regulator activity 1
Localization
GO:0005829 cytosol 2 GO:0005886 plasma membrane 2 GO:0005634 nucleus 1 GO:0005856 cytoskeleton 1
Pathway
R-HSA-162582 Signal Transduction 2 R-HSA-382551 Transport of small molecules 1 R-HSA-4839726 Chromatin organization 1
Partners
CFTRCTNNB1HDAC1KRT8RAB7ARAC1RCOR1
Complex memberships
CoREST (HDAC1/RCOR1) complexK8/K19 keratin intermediate filament

Evidence

Reading pass · 15 per-paper findings extracted from the source corpus
Year Finding Method Journal Conf PMIDs
2016 KRT19 directly interacts with the β-catenin/RAC1 complex in breast cancer cells, enhancing nuclear translocation of β-catenin, which promotes NUMB expression; NUMB in turn suppresses NOTCH signaling. Knockdown of KRT19 reduces nuclear β-catenin, lowers NUMB expression, and activates NOTCH signaling, increasing cancer stem cell properties. Co-immunoprecipitation, knockdown (siRNA/shRNA), nuclear fractionation, reporter assays, patient-derived cancer stem cell-like cells Oncogene Medium 27345400
2019 In colon cancer cells, KRT19 interacts with β-catenin but NOT with RAC1, allowing LEF/TCF transcription factors to bind LEF1 and TCF7 promoter regions and activate Wnt/Notch signaling. This contrasts with breast cancer where KRT19 interacts with the β-catenin/RAC1 complex. KRT19 knockdown in colon cancer suppresses cancer properties by downregulating Wnt/Notch signaling without altering NUMB transcription. Co-immunoprecipitation, ChIP assay, knockdown, cell proliferation/invasion assays Cancers Medium 30650643
2018 KRT19 regulates cancer stem cell reprogramming by modulating expression of cancer stem cell markers (ALDH1, CXCR4, CD133) and phosphorylation of Src and GSK3β (Tyr216). Overexpression of KRT19 in highly aggressive cancer stem cell-like cells attenuates cancer stem cell properties. KRT19 overexpression and knockdown, Western blot for phosphorylation status, sphere formation assay, flow cytometry International journal of molecular sciences Low 29747452
2019 CK19 stabilizes CFTR at the apical plasma membrane of bronchial epithelial cells by preventing Rab7A-mediated lysosomal degradation. CK19 overexpression increased Cl⁻ secretion across human bronchial epithelial cells, and CK19 expression was ~40% reduced in F508del CF patient-derived cells. CK19 also positively regulated MRP4 expression at the plasma membrane. Co-immunoprecipitation (identifying CK19 as CFTR-interacting protein), CK19 overexpression, endocytosis/lysosomal degradation assays, Rab7A functional studies, Ussing chamber Cl⁻ secretion measurements FASEB journal High 31450978
2024 KRT19 has a previously unrecognized nuclear fraction and acts as a transcriptional corepressor by interacting with HDAC1 and RCOR1 (components of the CoREST complex), enhancing CoREST complex formation and increasing deacetylase activity. KRT19 promotes CoREST-mediated histone deacetylation at hepatocyte-specific gene loci (including HNF4A), causing dedifferentiation and liver tumorigenesis. FOXP4 was identified as a direct transcriptional activator of KRT19 in liver cancer. Cell fractionation (nuclear KRT19), tandem affinity purification/mass spectrometry (identifying HDAC1 and RCOR1 as interactors), in vivo multiplexed genome editing, ChIP-seq, HDAC activity assay, KRT19 knockout Hepatology High 38557414
2021 Linc-KILH (lncRNA) interacts with KRT19 protein and inhibits phosphorylation of KRT19 at Ser35, thereby enhancing translocation of KRT19 from cytoplasm to membrane in KRT19-positive HCC cells. This promotes interaction between β-catenin and KRT19 in the cytoplasm, enhancing nuclear translocation of β-catenin and activation of Notch1 signaling, promoting HCC proliferation and metastasis. RNA immunoprecipitation, co-immunoprecipitation, phosphorylation site mutation (Ser35), cell fractionation, in vitro and in vivo functional assays International journal of biological sciences Medium 33767587
2016 miR-26a directly binds the 3'UTR of KRT19 mRNA and suppresses KRT19 expression. Knockdown of miR-26a increases the side-population (stem-like) cell fraction by promoting KRT19 expression in cholangiocarcinoma cells. 3'UTR luciferase reporter assay, miR-26a overexpression/knockdown, SP cell flow cytometry, in vitro and in vivo tumor growth assays Oncotarget Medium 27833076
1997 Expression of K8 in a vimentin-expressing pancreatic adenocarcinoma cell line stabilizes endogenous K19, forming K8/K19 keratin filaments. K18 expression alone (without K8) yielded unstable K18 protein and suppressed tumor motility and tumorigenicity, while K8/K19-expressing cells retained motility and tumorigenic ability. Transfection of K8 and/or K18 into keratin-null adenocarcinoma cells, Western blot for protein stability, soft agar growth, in vivo tumor formation in syngeneic animals, motility assay Journal of cell science Medium 9152022
2019 BRAFV600E overexpression in thyroid cancer cell lines induces KRT19 expression. KRT19 knockdown inhibits proliferation and migration of thyroid cancer cells. KRT19 promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in thyroid cancer, and KRT19 expression correlates with lymph node metastasis. BRAFV600E overexpression construct, KRT19 knockdown, cell proliferation/migration assays, EMT marker Western blot Oncology letters Low 31289571
2017 In lacrimal gland morphogenesis, Krt19 specifically labels the presumptive ductal domain and luminal cell layer (distinct from Krt14-labeled basal cells). Inhibition of Notch signaling prevents ductal identity and leads to ectopic terminal end buds, placing Notch signaling upstream of the Krt19-positive ductal cell identity. Genetic fate mapping (Krt14-Cre), Fucci reporter, immunofluorescence, pharmacologic Notch inhibition, histology Frontiers in physiology Medium 29033846
1995 In rat gonadal development, K19 and K18 gene expression is regulated at the transcriptional level. K19 mRNA is expressed in undifferentiated gonads and ovarian somatic cells, while K18 mRNA appears at the onset of testicular differentiation (day 13.5) as Sertoli cells differentiate; K19 mRNA then disappears. This switch in K19/K18 transcriptional activity is one of the earliest events of testicular differentiation after SRY expression. Northern blot, RT-PCR, in situ hybridization with species-specific riboprobes, temporal analysis across embryonic days Mechanisms of development Medium 8541209
2021 AMD3100/Plerixafor was proposed to overcome immune inhibition mediated by a CXCL12-KRT19 coating on pancreatic and colorectal cancer cells that stimulates CXCR4 on immune cells to suppress the intratumoral immune reaction. (Note: this paper discusses a mechanistic hypothesis based on clinical Phase 1 study observations; direct experimental validation of the KRT19-CXCL12 coating mechanism is limited in the abstract.) Clinical Phase 1 study interpretation; mechanistic discussion without direct in vitro/in vivo binding experiments described in abstract British journal of cancer Low 33772153
2010 KRT19 promoter methylation can silence KRT19 expression in renal carcinoma cell lines; treatment with 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine (DNA demethylase) and trichostatin A (HDAC inhibitor) re-expressed KRT19 and decreased promoter methylation in three cell lines. However, in primary renal tumors, KRT19 promoter methylation was infrequent (20.5%), suggesting other genetic mechanisms regulate KRT19 in vivo. Methylation-specific PCR, treatment with 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine + trichostatin A, RT-PCR expression analysis in cell lines and 112 primary tumors DNA and cell biology Low 20874491
2024 KRT19 promotes pancreatic cancer cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. miR-642a-5p directly targets KRT19 and suppresses Wnt/β-catenin pathway activation and EMT. Under hypoxic conditions, HIF1α positively correlates with KRT19 and promotes its expression; loss of miR-642a-5p under hypoxia upregulates KRT19. KRT19 overexpression/knockdown, miR-642a-5p target validation (luciferase reporter implied), Wnt/β-catenin pathway assays, hypoxia experiments, HIF1α correlation iScience Low 39280598
2020 CK19 overexpression in ovarian cancer cells promotes invasion, proliferation, and migration, and activates the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, upregulating β-catenin, TCF7, LEF1, c-MYC, and cyclin D1. CK19 overexpression and knockdown, Transwell invasion/migration assay, CCK-8 proliferation assay, Western blot and RT-PCR for Wnt pathway components OncoTargets and therapy Low 32273715

Source papers

Stage 0 corpus · 100 papers · ranked by NIH iCite citations
Year Title Journal Citations PMID
1989 Suprabasal 40 kd keratin (K19) expression as an immunohistologic marker of premalignancy in oral epithelium. The American journal of pathology 201 2464285
2015 Krt19(+)/Lgr5(-) Cells Are Radioresistant Cancer-Initiating Stem Cells in the Colon and Intestine. Cell stem cell 175 26046762
2014 A novel biomarker Linc00974 interacting with KRT19 promotes proliferation and metastasis in hepatocellular carcinoma. Cell death & disease 169 25476897
2008 A CK19(CreERT) knockin mouse line allows for conditional DNA recombination in epithelial cells in multiple endodermal organs. Genesis (New York, N.Y. : 2000) 164 18543299
2008 Intra-operative rapid diagnostic method based on CK19 mRNA expression for the detection of lymph node metastases in breast cancer. International journal of cancer 135 18324628
2016 KRT19 directly interacts with β-catenin/RAC1 complex to regulate NUMB-dependent NOTCH signaling pathway and breast cancer properties. Oncogene 113 27345400
1996 Detection of micrometastases in colorectal cancer patients by K19 and K20 reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction. Laboratory investigation; a journal of technical methods and pathology 103 8874391
2006 Diagnostic usefulness of HBME1, galectin-3, CK19, and CITED1 and evaluation of their expression in encapsulated lesions with questionable features of papillary thyroid carcinoma. American journal of clinical pathology 100 17050067
2006 Immunohistological evaluation of Ki-67, p63, CK19 and p53 expression in oral epithelial dysplasias. Journal of oral pathology & medicine : official publication of the International Association of Oral Pathologists and the American Academy of Oral Pathology 86 16762018
2000 The human hair follicle contains two distinct K19 positive compartments in the outer root sheath: a unifying hypothesis for stem cell reservoir? Differentiation; research in biological diversity 86 11269941
2020 CK19-positive Hepatocellular Carcinoma is a Characteristic Subtype. Journal of Cancer 82 32742454
2012 Expression of CK-19, galectin-3 and HBME-1 in the differentiation of thyroid lesions: systematic review and diagnostic meta-analysis. Diagnostic pathology 82 22888980
2005 Melanocytes in the corneal limbus interact with K19-positive basal epithelial cells. Experimental eye research 81 16080916
1992 Markers for dysplasia of the upper aerodigestive tract. Suprabasal expression of PCNA, p53, and CK19 in alcohol-fixed, embedded tissue. The American journal of pathology 77 1384338
2006 A highly specific real-time RT-PCR method for the quantitative determination of CK-19 mRNA positive cells in peripheral blood of patients with operable breast cancer. International journal of cancer 75 16708381
2008 Application of CD56, P63 and CK19 immunohistochemistry in the diagnosis of papillary carcinoma of the thyroid. Diagnostic pathology 69 18254952
2018 Cytokeratin 19 (KRT19) has a Role in the Reprogramming of Cancer Stem Cell-Like Cells to Less Aggressive and More Drug-Sensitive Cells. International journal of molecular sciences 55 29747452
2003 Detection of CK19, CK20 and EGFR mRNAs in peripheral blood of carcinoma patients: correlation with clinical stage of disease. Oncology reports 54 12469172
1995 Increased expression of cytokeratins CK8 and CK19 is associated with head and neck carcinogenesis. Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology 50 8634660
2019 Opposing Regulation of Cancer Properties via KRT19-Mediated Differential Modulation of Wnt/β-Catenin/Notch Signaling in Breast and Colon Cancers. Cancers 47 30650643
1990 Flow cytometric analysis of DNA content and keratins by using CK7, CK8, CK18, CK19, and KL1 monoclonal antibodies in benign and malignant human breast tumors. Cytometry 47 1696538
2013 Detection of sentinel lymph node metastases in cervical cancer: assessment of KRT19 mRNA in the one-step nucleic acid amplification (OSNA) method. Gynecologic oncology 43 23811115
2008 HBME-1 and CK19 are highly discriminatory in the cytological diagnosis of papillary thyroid carcinoma. Diagnostic cytopathology 43 18618720
1998 Detection of circulating cancer cells by nested reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction of cytokeratin-19 (K19)--possible clinical significance in advanced gastric cancer. Anticancer research 43 9615802
2016 K19 capsular polysaccharide of Acinetobacter baumannii is produced via a Wzy polymerase encoded in a small genomic island rather than the KL19 capsule gene cluster. Microbiology (Reading, England) 41 27230482
2015 Defining the value of CD56, CK19, Galectin 3 and HBME-1 in diagnosis of follicular cell derived lesions of thyroid with systematic review of literature. Diagnostic pathology 41 26503236
2005 Real-time RT-PCR detection of CK19, CK7 and MUC1 mRNA for diagnosis of lymph node micrometastases in non small cell lung carcinoma. International journal of cancer 41 15729695
2017 Combination of galectin-3, CK19 and HBME-1 immunostaining improves the diagnosis of thyroid cancer. Oncology letters 39 28943926
2010 Diagnostic significance of CK19, RET, galectin-3 and HBME-1 expression for papillary thyroid carcinoma. Journal of clinical pathology 38 20644217
2013 Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) detected by triple-marker EpCAM, CK19, and hMAM RT-PCR and their relation to clinical outcome in metastatic breast cancer patients. Cell biochemistry and biophysics 37 22990361
2011 Diagnostic significance of CK19, TG, Ki67 and galectin-3 expression for papillary thyroid carcinoma in the northeastern region of China. Diagnostic pathology 37 22188859
1997 Minimal illegitimate levels of cytokeratin K19 expression in mononucleated blood cells detected by a reverse transcription PCR method (RT-PCR). Clinica chimica acta; international journal of clinical chemistry 37 9247732
2010 Analysis of immunohistochemical expression of k19 in oral epithelial dysplasia and oral squamous cell carcinoma using color deconvolution-image analysis method. Head and neck pathology 36 20882374
2006 Quantitative real-time RT-PCR detection for CEA, CK20 and CK19 mRNA in peripheral blood of colorectal cancer patients. Journal of Zhejiang University. Science. B 35 16691638
2016 Correlation of Cyfra 21-1 levels in saliva and serum with CK19 mRNA expression in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Tumour biology : the journal of the International Society for Oncodevelopmental Biology and Medicine 34 26779624
2023 Integrating single-cell and bulk RNA sequencing reveals CK19 + cancer stem cells and their specific SPP1 + tumor-associated macrophage niche in HBV-related hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatology international 33 38159218
2012 Importance of assessing CK19 immunostaining in core biopsies in patients subjected to sentinel node study by OSNA. Virchows Archiv : an international journal of pathology 32 22555942
2017 Epithelial Markers aSMA, Krt14, and Krt19 Unveil Elements of Murine Lacrimal Gland Morphogenesis and Maturation. Frontiers in physiology 31 29033846
2012 Oral dysplasia and squamous cell carcinoma: correlation between increased expression of CD21, Epstein-Barr virus and CK19. Oral oncology 31 22513207
2009 Flow cytometric analysis of CK19 expression in the peripheral blood of breast carcinoma patients: relevance for circulating tumor cell detection. Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research : CR 31 19397830
2009 Differential expression of galectin-3, CK19, HBME1, and Ret oncoprotein in the diagnosis of thyroid neoplasms by fine needle aspiration biopsy. CytoJournal 30 19826479
2008 Roles of cyclooxygenase-2 and microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-1 expression and beta-catenin activation in gastric carcinogenesis in N-methyl-N-nitrosourea-treated K19-C2mE transgenic mice. Cancer science 27 19018769
2022 An Outbreak of ST859-K19 Carbapenem-Resistant Hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae in a Chinese Teaching Hospital. mSystems 25 35574716
2008 Low-level expression of HER2 and CK19 in normal peripheral blood mononuclear cells: relevance for detection of circulating tumor cells. Journal of hematology & oncology 25 18577250
2021 AMD3100/Plerixafor overcomes immune inhibition by the CXCL12-KRT19 coating on pancreatic and colorectal cancer cells. British journal of cancer 24 33772153
2015 Canolol inhibits gastric tumors initiation and progression through COX-2/PGE2 pathway in K19-C2mE transgenic mice. PloS one 24 25781635
1995 Switch in the expression of the K19/K18 keratin genes as a very early evidence of testicular differentiation in the rat. Mechanisms of development 24 8541209
2018 Diagnostic significance of CK19, galectin-3, CD56, TPO and Ki67 expression and BRAF mutation in papillary thyroid carcinoma. Oncology letters 22 29541194
2015 Significance of CK19, TPO, and HBME-1 expression for diagnosis of papillary thyroid carcinoma. International journal of clinical and experimental medicine 21 26064355
2012 Clinical Significance of CK19 Negative Breast Cancer. Cancers 21 24216695
2018 Diagnostic value of HBME-1, CK19, Galectin 3, and CD56 in the subtypes of follicular variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma. Pathology international 20 30350394
2017 Diagnostic utility of CK19 and CD56 in the differentiation of thyroid papillary carcinoma from its mimics. Pathology, research and practice 20 28214214
2013 Expression of CK19 and KIT in resectable pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors. Tumour biology : the journal of the International Society for Oncodevelopmental Biology and Medicine 20 23686805
2007 Immunohistochemical expression of SMAD4, CK19, and CA19-9 in fine needle aspiration samples of pancreatic adenocarcinoma: Utility and potential role. CytoJournal 20 17587453
2016 miR-26a induced the suppression of tumor growth of cholangiocarcinoma via KRT19 approach. Oncotarget 19 27833076
2009 Absence of the BRAF mutation in HBME1+ and CK19+ atypical cell clusters in Hashimoto thyroiditis: supportive evidence against preneoplastic change. American journal of clinical pathology 19 19926583
2019 BRAFV600E-induced KRT19 expression in thyroid cancer promotes lymph node metastasis via EMT. Oncology letters 18 31289571
2019 Diagnostic Value of TROP-2 and CK19 Expression in Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma in Both Surgical and Cytological Specimens. Clinical pathology (Thousand Oaks, Ventura County, Calif.) 18 31384753
2017 Clinical Validation of a Serum Protein Panel (FLNA, FLNB and KRT19) for Diagnosis of Prostate Cancer. Journal of molecular biomarkers & diagnosis 17 29682400
2019 Comparison of the Opn-CreER and Ck19-CreER Drivers in Bile Ducts of Normal and Injured Mouse Livers. Cells 16 31027317
2010 Proposed histopathologic grading system derived from a study of KIT and CK19 expression in pancreatic endocrine neoplasm. Human pathology 16 21190722
2019 CK19 stabilizes CFTR at the cell surface by limiting its endocytic pathway degradation. FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology 15 31450978
2018 Detection of CK19 mRNA Using One-step Nucleic Acid Amplification (OSNA) in Prostate Cancer: Preliminary Results. Journal of Cancer 15 30588244
2015 Relationship between CK19 expression, deregulation of normal keratinocyte differentiation pattern and high risk-human papilloma virus infection in oral and oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma. Infectious agents and cancer 15 26672675
2014 The expression of CK19, vimentin and E-cadherin in differentiated thyroid carcinomas. Romanian journal of morphology and embryology = Revue roumaine de morphologie et embryologie 15 25329121
2014 Detection of circulating tumor cells in breast cancer patients using multiplex reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and specific primers for MGB, PTHRP and KRT19 correlation with clinicopathological features. Anticancer research 15 25368276
2012 Expressions of D2-40, CK19, galectin-3, VEGF and EGFR in papillary thyroid carcinoma. Gland surgery 15 25083424
2018 CD34, PCNA and CK19 expressions in AFP- hepatocellular carcinoma. European review for medical and pharmacological sciences 14 30178842
2016 Influence of smoking on methylation and hydroxymethylation levels in global DNA and specific sites of KRT14, KRT19, MIR-9-3 and MIR-137 genes of oral mucosa. Archives of oral biology 14 27543926
2016 Expression of CK19 is an independent predictor of negative outcome for patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue. Oncotarget 14 27764819
2015 CK19 is a sensitive marker for yolk sac tumours of the testis. Diagnostic pathology 14 25889715
2015 The influence of sun exposure on the DNA methylation status of MMP9, miR-137, KRT14 and KRT19 genes in human skin. European journal of dermatology : EJD 14 26424515
2009 CK19 and CD10 expression in pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors diagnosed by endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration cytology. Cancer 14 19806647
2006 Increased levels of CK19 mRNA in oral squamous cell carcinoma tissue detected by relative quantification with real-time polymerase chain reaction. Archives of oral biology 14 16806049
2016 CK19 expression in breast tumours and lymph node metastasis after neoadjuvant therapy. Histopathology 13 26708058
2012 CK19, CK20, EGFR and HER2 status of circulating tumor cells in patients with breast cancer. Tumori 13 22677992
2024 Nuclear KRT19 is a transcriptional corepressor promoting histone deacetylation and liver tumorigenesis. Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.) 12 38557414
2021 Linc-KILH potentiates Notch1 signaling through inhibiting KRT19 phosphorylation and promotes the malignancy of hepatocellular carcinoma. International journal of biological sciences 12 33767587
2019 CD56, CD57, HBME1, CK19, Galectin-3 and p63 immunohistochemical stains in differentiating diagnosis of thyroid benign/malign lesions and NIFTP. Polish journal of pathology : official journal of the Polish Society of Pathologists 12 32146798
2015 The expression of CK-19 gene in circulating tumor cells of blood samples of metastatic breast cancer women. Research in pharmaceutical sciences 12 26779268
2012 Expression of K19 and K7 in dysplastic nodules and hepatocellular carcinoma. Oncology letters 12 22844356
2024 KRT19 is regulated by miR-642a-5p and promotes pancreatic cancer progression through the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. iScience 11 39280598
2021 Deletion of kif3a in CK19 positive cells leads to primary cilia loss, biliary cell proliferation and cystic liver lesions in TAA-treated mice. Biochimica et biophysica acta. Molecular basis of disease 11 34973373
2018 Analysis of KRT1, KRT10, KRT19, TP53 and MMP9 expression in pediatric and adult cholesteatoma. PloS one 11 30021014
1997 Contrasting effects of K8 and K18 on stabilizing K19 expression, cell motility and tumorigenicity in the BSp73 adenocarcinoma. Journal of cell science 11 9152022
2021 HBME1 and CK19 expression in non-invasive follicular thyroid neoplasm with papillary-like nuclear features (NIFTP) vs other follicular patterned thyroid lesions. World journal of surgical oncology 10 33964951
2010 [Nuclear accumulation of CXCR4 and overexpressions of VEGF-C and CK19 are associated with a higher risk of lymph node metastasis in hepatocellular carcinoma]. Zhonghua zhong liu za zhi [Chinese journal of oncology] 10 20723431
2010 Functional and epigenetic characterization of the KRT19 gene in renal cell neoplasms. DNA and cell biology 10 20874491
2005 RET/PTC and CK19 expression in papillary thyroid carcinoma and its clinicopathologic correlation. Journal of Korean medical science 10 15716612
2021 Efficacy of expressions of Arg-1, Hep Par-1, and CK19 in the diagnosis of the primary hepatocellular carcinoma subtypes and exclusion of the metastases. Histology and histopathology 9 34254284
2020 CK19 Promotes Ovarian Cancer Development by Impacting on Wnt/β-Catenin Pathway. OncoTargets and therapy 9 32273715
2018 Expression of CK19, CD105 and CD146 are associated with early metastasis in patients with renal cell carcinoma. Oncology letters 9 29541188
2015 Immunotherapy for Lewis lung carcinoma utilizing dendritic cells infected with CK19 gene recombinant adenoviral vectors. Oncology reports 9 26323510
2012 Immunohistochemical expression of CK7, CK5/6, CK19, and p63 in Warthin tumor. Romanian journal of morphology and embryology = Revue roumaine de morphologie et embryologie 9 22990554
2010 CK19 mRNA expression in the bone marrow of patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and its clinical significance. Diseases of the esophagus : official journal of the International Society for Diseases of the Esophagus 9 20095997
2005 Radioimmunotherapy and apoptotic induction on CK19-overexpressing human cervical carcinoma cells with Re-188-mAbCx-99. Anticancer research 9 16080517
2022 Association of CK19 expression with the efficacy of adjuvant transarterial chemoembolization after hepatic resection in hepatocellular carcinoma patients at high risk of recurrence. Journal of clinical and translational research 8 35224238
2020 Demethylation of the RB1 promoter concomitant with reactivation of TET2 and TET3 impairs gastric carcinogenesis in K19-Wnt1/C2mE transgenic mice. Life sciences 8 33058920
2013 Non-coding CK19 RNA in peripheral blood and tissue of breast cancer patients. Acta medica Iranica 8 23585313
2000 Temporal and spatial sequence expression of cytokeratin K19 in cultured human keratinocyte. Proceedings of the National Science Council, Republic of China. Part B, Life sciences 8 11087069

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