Affinage

HNRNPR

Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein R · UniProt O43390

Round 2 corrected
Length
633 aa
Mass
70.9 kDa
Annotated
2026-04-28
54 papers in source corpus 20 papers cited in narrative 20 extracted findings

Mechanistic narrative

Synthesis pass · prose summary of the discoveries below

HNRNPR is a multifunctional heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein that governs mRNA stability, alternative splicing, transcription elongation, and local translation through its modular RNA-binding domains—principally RRM3 and a C-terminal charged/RGG region that together mediate recognition of diverse RNA targets including G-quadruplexes (PMID:9421497, PMID:40247750, PMID:40654891). It stabilizes numerous mRNAs (MHC-I, CCNB1, CENPF, ASCL1, XB130, HMGCR) by binding their 3′ UTRs—sometimes in an m6A-dependent manner in cooperation with IGF2BP1—and represses SMN2 exon 7 inclusion via an ARE in the exon through its RRM2 domain (PMID:27194785, PMID:38331110, PMID:37225410). In motoneuron axons, HNRNPR interacts with SMN, the noncoding RNA 7SK, and OGT to regulate the axonal transcriptome, promote eIF4G O-GlcNAcylation and local protein synthesis, and maintain mitochondrial transport and function; Hnrnpr knockout mice exhibit neuromuscular junction denervation and motor deficits (PMID:11773003, PMID:29507242, PMID:39198412, PMID:38408684). HNRNPR mutations cause male infertility through oocyte activation failure by disrupting m6A-dependent Plcz1 splicing, and the full-length isoform maintains genomic integrity by recruiting YB1 to chromatin at DNA damage sites (PMID:41618099, PMID:34850154).

Mechanistic history

Synthesis pass · year-by-year structured walk · 14 steps
  1. 1998 High

    The molecular identity of HNRNPR was established, resolving the domain architecture (three RRMs, NLS, RGG box) of this previously uncharacterized component of hnRNP complexes and enabling targeted functional studies.

    Evidence cDNA cloning from autoimmune serum screen, 2D gel electrophoresis and immunoprecipitation of hnRNP complexes

    PMID:9421497

    Open questions at the time
    • No RNA-binding specificity or functional role was determined
    • No in vivo function demonstrated
  2. 2002 High

    Discovery of the HNRNPR–SMN interaction and its axonal co-localization in motor neurons established a connection to spinal muscular atrophy biology and raised the question of whether HNRNPR has neuron-specific axonal functions beyond nuclear RNA processing.

    Evidence Yeast two-hybrid, co-immunoprecipitation, immunofluorescence in motor neuron axons; SMA-mutant SMN fails to interact

    PMID:11773003

    Open questions at the time
    • RNA targets in axons unknown
    • Whether the interaction is RNA-mediated or direct protein-protein was not resolved
  3. 2008 Medium

    Demonstration that HNRNPR binds AU-rich elements in 3′ UTRs and regulates mRNA stability (c-fos) provided the first evidence for a post-transcriptional regulatory mechanism, framing its role as an mRNA stability factor.

    Evidence ARE-GFP reporter, RIP-RT-PCR in retinal R28 cells

    PMID:18197392

    Open questions at the time
    • Generality to other ARE-containing mRNAs not tested
    • No genome-wide binding data
    • Single cell system
  4. 2014 High

    Confirmation that SMN–hnRNP R complexes localize to presynaptic compartments at neuromuscular junctions in vivo strengthened the model that HNRNPR has cytoplasmic, axon-specific functions distinct from nuclear hnRNP roles.

    Evidence Immunofluorescence at NMJs in embryonic and postnatal mice, co-IP from motoneuron cytosol

    PMID:25338097

    Open questions at the time
    • Functional consequence of disrupting the interaction at the NMJ was not tested
    • Cargo RNAs transported by the SMN–hnRNP R complex unknown
  5. 2016 High

    Establishing HNRNPR as a stabilizer of MHC class I mRNAs via 3′ UTR binding linked its post-transcriptional activity to immune surveillance, demonstrating that its mRNA-stabilizing function has physiological consequences beyond neuronal cells.

    Evidence RIP, mRNA stability assays, siRNA knockdown, NK cell cytotoxicity assay

    PMID:27194785

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether HNRNPR regulation is constitutive or signal-regulated was not determined
    • Structural basis of 3′ UTR recognition unknown
  6. 2018 High

    iCLIP in motoneurons identified ~3,500 HNRNPR RNA targets enriched for synaptic/axon guidance functions and revealed the noncoding RNA 7SK as its top interactor, establishing a 7SK-dependent, non-transcriptional mechanism in axon elongation.

    Evidence iCLIP at nucleotide resolution, 7SK deletion mutant series, axon growth assays, RNA FISH in motoneurons

    PMID:29507242

    Open questions at the time
    • Mechanism by which 7SK promotes axon growth through hnRNP R is unclear
    • Whether 7SK binding occurs through the same domains as mRNA binding was not resolved
  7. 2019 Medium

    Identification of CCNB1 and CENPF as HNRNPR-stabilized transcripts in gastric cancer, with epistasis experiments, demonstrated that its mRNA stability function drives proliferation and invasion in cancer contexts.

    Evidence siRNA knockdown, mRNA stability assays, mouse tumor models, rescue experiments

    PMID:31527303

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct binding to CCNB1/CENPF 3′ UTRs not mapped
    • Domain requirements not identified
  8. 2021 High

    Two distinct isoform-specific functions were delineated: the full-length isoform maintains genomic integrity by recruiting YB1 to chromatin at DNA damage sites, while concurrently HNRNPR was shown to repress HMGCR mRNA to control neuronal cholesterol homeostasis—expanding its scope beyond RNA processing to DNA repair and metabolism.

    Evidence Hnrnpr-tm1a mouse expressing only truncated isoform; γ-H2AX accumulation, MS interactome identifying YB1, chromatin fractionation; separately, RIP and luciferase assays for HMGCR 3′ UTR binding in neuronal cells

    PMID:34258925 PMID:34850154

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether YB1 recruitment requires RNA bridging or direct protein contact was not resolved
    • Structural basis for isoform-specific DNA damage function unknown
  9. 2022 High

    Dissection of HNRNPR's role in transcription elongation showed it stabilizes the P-TEFb/7SK inhibitory complex and restrains BRD4–CDK9 association; its loss releases P-TEFb, enhancing Pol II phosphorylation—connecting its 7SK interaction to a nuclear transcriptional control mechanism.

    Evidence hnRNP R knockdown, Pol II phosphorylation, co-IP of P-TEFb/7SK/BRD4/CDK9 complexes, CDK9 stability assay

    PMID:35856391

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether P-TEFb regulation and axonal 7SK function are coordinated or independent remains unclear
    • Genome-wide transcription elongation effects not mapped
  10. 2023 High

    The splicing repression mechanism at SMN2 exon 7 was mapped to HNRNPR binding an ARE via RRM2, and an endogenous regulatory strategy (antisense-induced exon 5 skipping) was identified that neutralizes this repressive activity—providing a potential therapeutic angle for SMA.

    Evidence SMN2 minigene deletion mapping, RNA-affinity chromatography, tethering assay, antisense oligonucleotides

    PMID:37225410

    Open questions at the time
    • In vivo efficacy of ASO-mediated exon 5 skipping not tested
    • Competition with Sam68 not quantified in motoneurons
  11. 2023 High

    Discovery that hnRNP R itself is locally translated in axons under Ptbp2/eIF5A2 control established it as both a regulator and a substrate of axonal translational programs, closing a regulatory loop in motoneuron axon biology.

    Evidence RIP, ribosome association assays, axonal FISH, Ptbp2 and eIF5A2 perturbation in motoneurons

    PMID:37438340

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether other RNA-binding proteins undergo similar Ptbp2-dependent axonal translation is unknown
    • Temporal dynamics of hnRNP R local synthesis not characterized
  12. 2024 High

    Multiple discoveries in 2024 resolved key mechanistic branches: HNRNPR promotes axonal local translation via OGT-mediated O-GlcNAcylation of eIF4G (KO mice show NMJ denervation), regulates axonal mitochondrial transport and respiratory chain activity, stabilizes ASCL1 mRNA in an m6A/IGF2BP1-dependent manner, and controls UPF3B pre-mRNA splicing via RRM2 to drive EMT in hepatocellular carcinoma.

    Evidence Hnrnpr KO mouse with NMJ and motor phenotype, eIF4G O-GlcNAc assay, OGT Co-IP, live mitochondrial imaging, m6A site mutagenesis and IGF2BP1 Co-IP, UPF3B RRM2 deletion series and in vivo HCC models

    PMID:38331110 PMID:38402949 PMID:38408684 PMID:39198412

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether OGT interaction is RNA-dependent was not tested
    • How HNRNPR coordinates mRNA stability vs. splicing for different targets is unclear
    • Mitochondrial phenotype not linked to specific RNA targets
  13. 2025 High

    Structural resolution of RRM1 as an extended eRRM with a conserved tryptophan cage and biochemical mapping of RRM3 plus the C-terminal charged region as the principal RNA-binding unit provided the first atomic-level framework for understanding HNRNPR's multi-domain RNA recognition, including rG4 binding.

    Evidence 1.90 Å X-ray crystal structure plus NMR of eRRM1, high-throughput domain-deletion RNA binding assays for RRM3

    PMID:40247750 PMID:40654891

    Open questions at the time
    • No structure of RRM3–RNA complex available
    • rG4 binding preferences not mapped to specific cellular transcripts
    • Full-length protein structure unknown
  14. 2026 High

    HNRNPR mutations were identified as a cause of male infertility via oocyte activation failure, establishing the first Mendelian disease association; the mechanism involves m6A-dependent mis-splicing of Plcz1 in spermatozoa.

    Evidence Whole-exome sequencing in infertile patients, Hnrnpr knock-in mouse, ICSI calcium oscillation assay, rescue with AOA and recombinant PLCζ

    PMID:41618099

    Open questions at the time
    • Frequency of HNRNPR mutations among male infertility cases is unknown
    • Whether other splicing targets in spermatogenesis are affected was not explored

Open questions

Synthesis pass · forward-looking unresolved questions
  • Fundamental questions remain about how HNRNPR's multiple activities—mRNA stability, splicing, transcription elongation, local translation, DNA repair—are coordinated across cellular compartments and whether distinct protein complexes underlie each function.
  • No full-length structure or integrative structural model exists
  • Compartment-specific interactome not systematically defined
  • Relative contributions of individual RRMs to distinct functional outputs in vivo are unclear

Mechanism profile

Synthesis pass · controlled-vocabulary classification · explore literature graph →
Molecular activity
GO:0003723 RNA binding 9 GO:0140098 catalytic activity, acting on RNA 3 GO:0098772 molecular function regulator activity 2
Localization
GO:0005634 nucleus 3 GO:0005829 cytosol 3 GO:0005694 chromosome 1
Pathway
R-HSA-8953854 Metabolism of RNA 8 R-HSA-1474165 Reproduction 1 R-HSA-168256 Immune System 1 R-HSA-392499 Metabolism of proteins 1 R-HSA-73894 DNA Repair 1 R-HSA-74160 Gene expression (Transcription) 1
Partners
BRD4HNRNPA2B1IGF2BP1KHDRBS1OGTPTBP2SMNYBX1
Complex memberships
P-TEFb/7SK inhibitory complexhnRNP complex

Evidence

Reading pass · 20 per-paper findings extracted from the source corpus
Year Finding Method Journal Conf PMIDs
1998 HNRNPR was molecularly defined as an 82 kDa protein with a modular domain structure comprising an acidic N-terminal region (~150 aa), three central RNA recognition motifs (RRMs), a nuclear localization signal, an octapeptide (PPPRMPPP) with similarity to snRNP core protein B epitope, and a C-terminal glycine- and arginine-rich (RGG box) region containing three copies of a tyrosine-rich decapeptide. The protein was identified as a component of hnRNP complexes by immunoprecipitation and co-migration in 2D gel electrophoresis with autoimmune patient serum. Autoimmune serum screening of cDNA expression library, SDS-PAGE, 2D gel electrophoresis, immunoprecipitation of hnRNP complexes, sequence analysis Nucleic acids research High 9421497
2002 HNRNPR interacts specifically with the SMN (survival motor neuron) protein via yeast two-hybrid and co-immunoprecipitation. This interaction requires wild-type SMN; truncated or SMA-associated mutant SMN forms do not interact. HNRNPR is predominantly localized in axons of motor neurons where it co-localizes with SMN, suggesting a motor neuron-specific function in RNA processing. Yeast two-hybrid, co-immunoprecipitation, immunofluorescence localization in motor neuron axons Human molecular genetics High 11773003
2008 HNRNPR regulates c-fos mRNA expression in retinal cells by binding to the AU-rich element (ARE) in the c-fos 3' UTR. HNRNPR accelerates both the rise and decline phases of c-fos mRNA and protein, producing an augmented pulse response. An ARE-GFP reporter assay showed HNRNPR significantly reduced GFP expression when an ARE was inserted, and immunoprecipitation-RT-PCR confirmed direct association of HNRNPR with c-fos mRNA in R28 cells and rat retinal tissue. ARE-GFP reporter assay, immunoprecipitation-RT-PCR, overexpression/knockdown in retinal cells Cellular & molecular biology letters Medium 18197392
2014 SMN and hnRNP R are present in presynaptic compartments at neuromuscular endplates of embryonic and postnatal mice, co-localizing in close proximity in axons and axon terminals both in vitro and in vivo. A direct interaction between SMN and hnRNP R was confirmed in vitro and in vivo, particularly in the cytosol of motoneurons, pointing to functions beyond snRNP assembly including RNA particle recruitment and transport into axons. Immunofluorescence at neuromuscular junctions in vivo, co-immunoprecipitation from motoneuron cytosol, in vitro pull-down PloS one High 25338097
2016 HNRNPR acts as a positive regulator of both classical (HLA-A, B, C) and nonclassical (HLA-G) MHC class I molecule expression. HNRNPR binds to the 3' UTRs of MHC class I mRNAs, enhancing their stability and expression. Knockdown of HNRNPR reduced MHC class I surface expression and consequently modulated NK cell cytotoxic activity. RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP), mRNA stability assays, siRNA knockdown, NK cell cytotoxicity assay, flow cytometry Journal of immunology High 27194785
2018 Using iCLIP in motoneurons, hnRNP R was found to have ~3,500 RNA targets predominantly with functions in synaptic transmission and axon guidance. The noncoding RNA 7SK was identified as the top interactor of hnRNP R. 7SK localizes in axons in close proximity to hnRNP R, and hnRNP R depletion reduces axonal 7SK. The function of 7SK in axon elongation depends on its interaction with hnRNP R but not on P-TEFb complex binding, establishing a non-transcriptional role for 7SK in axons mediated through hnRNP R. iCLIP (individual nucleotide-resolution crosslinking and immunoprecipitation), hnRNP R knockdown, 7SK deletion mutant series, axon growth assays, RNA FISH Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America High 29507242
2019 HNRNPR promotes gastric cancer cell proliferation and invasion by stabilizing CCNB1 (cyclin B1) and CENPF mRNAs. Knockdown of HNRNPR reduced tumor aggressiveness in mouse models, and knockdown of CCNB1 or CENPF individually abolished hnRNPR-induced cell growth or invasion, respectively, placing HNRNPR upstream of these oncogenic transcripts. siRNA knockdown, mRNA stability assays, mouse tumor models (two types), rescue experiments with CCNB1/CENPF knockdown Aging Medium 31527303
2021 The full-length isoform of hnRNP R (containing its N-terminal acidic domain) is required for maintaining genomic integrity in motoneurons. Motoneurons from Hnrnprtm1a/tm1a mice (expressing only the truncated isoform lacking the N-terminal acidic domain) showed enhanced double-strand break accumulation and impaired DNA damage response. Proteomic analysis identified YB1 (Yb1) as a top interactor of full-length hnRNP R. Upon DNA damage, full-length hnRNP R is required for Yb1 recruitment to chromatin where Yb1 interacts with γ-H2AX. Hnrnpr knockout/knock-in mouse model, γ-H2AX assays, mass spectrometry interactome, Yb1 chromatin fractionation, co-immunoprecipitation with γ-H2AX Nucleic acids research High 34850154
2021 HNRNPR acts as a post-transcriptional repressor of HMGCR expression in neurons. HNRNPR binds to the 3' UTR of HMGCR mRNA via its RNA recognition motif (RRM), reducing HMGCR mRNA stability and translation. Knockdown of HNRNPR increases HMGCR expression and cellular cholesterol levels, while overexpression decreases them. RNA immunoprecipitation and luciferase reporter assays confirmed direct binding of HNRNPR to HMGCR 3' UTR. RNA immunoprecipitation, luciferase reporter assay, siRNA knockdown, HNRNPR overexpression, cholesterol measurement in N2a and MN1 cells Journal of integrative neuroscience Medium 34258925
2022 hnRNP R negatively regulates transcription elongation by modulating P-TEFb complex activity and stability. Loss of hnRNP R promotes release of P-TEFb from 7SK (accompanied by enhanced hnRNP A1 binding to 7SK), increases BRD4 binding to CDK9, and stabilizes CDK9 with enhanced association with Cyclin K. This results in increased RNA Pol II phosphorylation and transcription. hnRNP R was shown to interact directly with BRD4. hnRNP R knockdown, RNA Pol II phosphorylation assay, co-immunoprecipitation (hnRNP R-BRD4, P-TEFb/7SK complex), CDK9 stability assay, transcription elongation readouts EMBO reports High 35856391
2023 hnRNPR strongly represses SMN2 exon 7 inclusion by binding to an AU-rich element (ARE) located toward the 3' end of exon 7. Both hnRNPR and Sam68 bind this element competitively, with hnRNPR exerting stronger inhibitory effects. Among four hnRNPR splicing isoforms, the exon 5-skipped isoform has minimal inhibitory effect. Antisense oligonucleotides inducing hnRNPR exon 5 skipping promote SMN2 exon 7 inclusion. SMN2 minigene system, deletion analysis, RNA-affinity chromatography, co-overexpression analysis, tethering assay, antisense oligonucleotide screen Journal of medical genetics High 37225410
2023 Cytosolic Ptbp2 regulates axon growth in motoneurons by controlling the axonal localization and local translation of Hnrnpr mRNA. Ptbp2 binds the 3' UTR of Hnrnpr mRNA, and its depletion strongly reduces axonal Hnrnpr mRNA localization and hnRNP R protein synthesis in axons. Ptbp2 mediates ribosome association of Hnrnpr mRNA in an eIF5A2-dependent manner. This establishes hnRNP R as a locally translated axonal protein whose synthesis is regulated upstream by Ptbp2. RNA immunoprecipitation, ribosome association assays, axonal localization by FISH, siRNA/shRNA knockdown of Ptbp2, eIF5A2 inhibition, axon growth measurements Nature communications High 37438340
2024 HNRNPR promotes hepatocellular carcinoma metastasis by binding to UPF3B pre-mRNA via its RRM2 domain to generate an exon 8-exclusion truncated splice variant UPF3B-S. UPF3B-S in turn targets the 3' UTR of CDH1 mRNA to enhance its degradation (reducing E-cadherin and activating EMT) and enhances dephosphorylation of LATS1 to promote nuclear YAP1 accumulation and activate Hippo signaling. RNA immunoprecipitation, domain-specific deletion analysis (RRM2 identified), in vitro and in vivo invasion/migration assays, Basescope assay, UPF3B-S knockdown/overexpression, CDH1 mRNA stability assay, LATS1/YAP1 signaling readouts Journal of advanced research High 38402949
2024 HNRNPR and HNRNPA2B1 stabilize ASCL1 mRNA in an m6A-dependent manner in neuroblastoma. HNRNPR binds the 3' UTR of ASCL1 mRNA, while HNRNPA2B1 binds the 5' UTR. METTL14-mediated m6A modification of ASCL1 mRNA is required for efficient HNRNPR binding; mutations at m6A sites in the UTRs reduced HNRNPR-ASCL1 mRNA association. HNRNPR interacts with IGF2BP1, and knockdown of either impairs ASCL1 mRNA binding. RNA immunoprecipitation, m6A site mutagenesis, METTL14 knockdown, co-immunoprecipitation (HNRNPR-IGF2BP1), mRNA stability assays, neuroblastoma cell growth/invasion assays with rescue Biochimica et biophysica acta. Molecular basis of disease High 38331110
2024 hnRNP R is a component of translation initiation complexes in motoneuron axons and promotes O-GlcNAcylation of eIF4G through interaction with O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT). In Hnrnpr knockout motoneurons, axon growth is reduced along with lowered synthesis of cytoskeletal and synaptic components. Restoring axonal O-GlcNAc levels rescues local protein synthesis and axon growth defects. Mutant mice display denervated neuromuscular junctions and impaired motor behavior. Hnrnpr knockout mouse, ribosome/translation initiation complex co-immunoprecipitation, OGT interaction assay, O-GlcNAc modification measurement of eIF4G, puromycin incorporation (local translation assay), NMJ morphology, motor behavior tests Nature communications High 39198412
2024 hnRNP R regulates axonal mitochondrial transport and function in motoneurons. hnRNP R-deficient motoneurons show decreased anterograde and increased retrograde transport of axonal mitochondria. Loss of hnRNP R causes mitochondrial hyperpolarization due to decreased complex I activity and reversed complex V activity in the respiratory chain. Hnrnpr knockout motoneurons, live-cell mitochondrial motility imaging, mitochondrial membrane potential measurement (JC-1), respiratory chain complex activity assays Neurobiology of disease Medium 38408684
2025 The first RNA recognition motif of human HNRNPR adopts an extended RRM (eRRM1) structure featuring a canonical RRM with a structured N-terminal extension (Next) motif that docks against the RRM and extends the β-sheet surface. A tryptophan cage motif in the adjoining loop positions the Next motif for docking. Mutagenesis of the Next-RRM interface and loop residues disrupts protein solubility, conformational ordering, and thermal stability. This tryptophan cage is evolutionarily conserved across the hnRNPR-like protein family. 1.90 Å X-ray crystal structure, solution NMR spectroscopy, site-directed mutagenesis, thermal denaturation assays Protein science High 40247750
2025 HNRNPR protects XB130 mRNA from degradation mediated by the exonucleases XRN1 and DIS3L2 by binding to specific regions within the XB130 3' UTR. This stabilization elevates XB130 protein levels, promoting NSCLC cell proliferation and EMT via Akt signaling. Dual-luciferase reporter assays, RNA pulldown, and RNA immunoprecipitation confirmed direct HNRNPR binding to XB130 3' UTR. RNA pulldown, RNA immunoprecipitation, dual-luciferase reporter assay, XRN1/DIS3L2 knockdown epistasis, NSCLC proliferation/EMT assays, Western blotting, qRT-PCR Cellular signalling Medium 40268079
2025 RRM3 of HNRNPR, together with a downstream C-terminal charged region, is required for RNA binding. RRM1 and RRM2 do not contribute equally to binding; RRM3 plus the C-terminal charged region are necessary and sufficient for RNA recognition. HNRNPR also binds RNA G-quadruplexes (rG4s) through RRM3 with its C-terminal charged region and through RG-rich regions within the low-complexity domain (LCD). Binding to rG4s depends on RNA folding and specific rG4 structural features. High-throughput biochemical RNA binding assays, domain deletion analysis, rG4-focused RNA pool binding assays, mutagenesis bioRxivpreprint Medium 40654891
2026 HNRNPR mutations cause sperm-borne oocyte activation failure and male infertility by reducing expression and causing mislocalization of phospholipase C zeta (PLCζ) in spermatozoa. ICSI with sperm from Hnrnpr-mutated mice failed to induce normal calcium oscillations in oocytes. Mechanistically, hnRNPR regulates Plcz1 splicing in an m6A-dependent manner. Artificial oocyte activation (AOA) or NusA-PLCζ supplementation restored fertilization. Whole-exome sequencing in patients, Hnrnpr knock-in mouse model, ICSI with calcium oscillation measurement, PLCζ localization by immunofluorescence, m6A-dependent splicing analysis, rescue with AOA and recombinant PLCζ EMBO molecular medicine High 41618099

Source papers

Stage 0 corpus · 54 papers · ranked by NIH iCite citations
Year Title Journal Citations PMID
2012 A promiscuous biotin ligase fusion protein identifies proximal and interacting proteins in mammalian cells. The Journal of cell biology 1850 22412018
2012 Insights into RNA biology from an atlas of mammalian mRNA-binding proteins. Cell 1718 22658674
2005 A human protein-protein interaction network: a resource for annotating the proteome. Cell 1704 16169070
2002 Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 1479 12477932
2011 Systematic and quantitative assessment of the ubiquitin-modified proteome. Molecular cell 1334 21906983
2015 The BioPlex Network: A Systematic Exploration of the Human Interactome. Cell 1118 26186194
2017 Architecture of the human interactome defines protein communities and disease networks. Nature 1085 28514442
2015 A human interactome in three quantitative dimensions organized by stoichiometries and abundances. Cell 1015 26496610
2014 A proteome-scale map of the human interactome network. Cell 977 25416956
2012 The mRNA-bound proteome and its global occupancy profile on protein-coding transcripts. Molecular cell 973 22681889
2005 Nucleolar proteome dynamics. Nature 934 15635413
2020 A reference map of the human binary protein interactome. Nature 849 32296183
2018 VIRMA mediates preferential m6A mRNA methylation in 3'UTR and near stop codon and associates with alternative polyadenylation. Cell discovery 829 29507755
2003 Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs. Nature genetics 754 14702039
2011 A proteome-wide, quantitative survey of in vivo ubiquitylation sites reveals widespread regulatory roles. Molecular & cellular proteomics : MCP 749 21890473
2007 Large-scale mapping of human protein-protein interactions by mass spectrometry. Molecular systems biology 733 17353931
2002 Comprehensive proteomic analysis of the human spliceosome. Nature 725 12226669
2021 Dual proteome-scale networks reveal cell-specific remodeling of the human interactome. Cell 705 33961781
2012 A census of human soluble protein complexes. Cell 689 22939629
2011 Phylogenetic-based propagation of functional annotations within the Gene Ontology consortium. Briefings in bioinformatics 656 21873635
2010 Quantitative interaction proteomics and genome-wide profiling of epigenetic histone marks and their readers. Cell 639 20850016
2018 High-Density Proximity Mapping Reveals the Subcellular Organization of mRNA-Associated Granules and Bodies. Molecular cell 580 29395067
2017 Anticancer sulfonamides target splicing by inducing RBM39 degradation via recruitment to DCAF15. Science (New York, N.Y.) 533 28302793
2022 OpenCell: Endogenous tagging for the cartography of human cellular organization. Science (New York, N.Y.) 432 35271311
2010 Global analysis of TDP-43 interacting proteins reveals strong association with RNA splicing and translation machinery. Journal of proteome research 422 20020773
2010 Systematic analysis of human protein complexes identifies chromosome segregation proteins. Science (New York, N.Y.) 421 20360068
2005 Diversification of transcriptional modulation: large-scale identification and characterization of putative alternative promoters of human genes. Genome research 409 16344560
2015 Panorama of ancient metazoan macromolecular complexes. Nature 407 26344197
2007 Systematic analysis of the protein interaction network for the human transcription machinery reveals the identity of the 7SK capping enzyme. Molecular cell 367 17643375
2015 Aerobic glycolysis tunes YAP/TAZ transcriptional activity. The EMBO journal 362 25796446
2002 Specific interaction of Smn, the spinal muscular atrophy determining gene product, with hnRNP-R and gry-rbp/hnRNP-Q: a role for Smn in RNA processing in motor axons? Human molecular genetics 241 11773003
2019 HnRNPR-CCNB1/CENPF axis contributes to gastric cancer proliferation and metastasis. Aging 93 31527303
2014 Presynaptic localization of Smn and hnRNP R in axon terminals of embryonic and postnatal mouse motoneurons. PloS one 58 25338097
1998 Molecular definition of heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein R (hnRNP R) using autoimmune antibody: immunological relationship with hnRNP P. Nucleic acids research 56 9421497
2016 HNRNPR Regulates the Expression of Classical and Nonclassical MHC Class I Proteins. Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) 46 27194785
2018 hnRNP R and its main interactor, the noncoding RNA 7SK, coregulate the axonal transcriptome of motoneurons. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 45 29507242
2021 Loss of full-length hnRNP R isoform impairs DNA damage response in motoneurons by inhibiting Yb1 recruitment to chromatin. Nucleic acids research 22 34850154
2024 HnRNPR-mediated UPF3B mRNA splicing drives hepatocellular carcinoma metastasis. Journal of advanced research 16 38402949
2023 Cytosolic Ptbp2 modulates axon growth in motoneurons through axonal localization and translation of Hnrnpr. Nature communications 14 37438340
2008 hnRNP-R regulates the PMA-induced c-fos expression in retinal cells. Cellular & molecular biology letters 13 18197392
2024 HNRNPA2B1 and HNRNPR stabilize ASCL1 in an m6A-dependent manner to promote neuroblastoma progression. Biochimica et biophysica acta. Molecular basis of disease 12 38331110
2022 hnRNP R negatively regulates transcription by modulating the association of P-TEFb with 7SK and BRD4. EMBO reports 11 35856391
2024 hnRNP R promotes O-GlcNAcylation of eIF4G and facilitates axonal protein synthesis. Nature communications 10 39198412
2022 High expression of HNRNPR in ESCA combined with 18F-FDG PET/CT metabolic parameters are novel biomarkers for preoperative diagnosis of ESCA. Journal of translational medicine 9 36195940
2023 Pan-cancer analysis of the oncogenic role of HNRNPR in human tumors. Cell biology international 8 37077028
2021 RNA-binding protein hnRNPR reduces neuronal cholesterol levels by binding to and suppressing HMGCR. Journal of integrative neuroscience 8 34258925
2025 Mannose Inhibits NSCLC Growth and Inflammatory Microenvironment by Regulating Gut Microbiota and Targeting OGT/hnRNP R/JUN/IL-8 Axis. International journal of biological sciences 7 39990658
2025 An evolutionarily conserved tryptophan cage promotes folding of the extended RNA recognition motif in the hnRNPR-like protein family. Protein science : a publication of the Protein Society 2 40247750
2024 hnRNP R regulates mitochondrial movement and membrane potential in axons of motoneurons. Neurobiology of disease 2 38408684
2023 HnRNPR strongly represses splicing of a critical exon associated with spinal muscular atrophy through binding to an exonic AU-rich element. Journal of medical genetics 2 37225410
2026 Characterization and therapy of fertilization failure in murine and human models with HNRNPR mutations. EMBO molecular medicine 0 41618099
2026 circ-UBR5 in hypoxia-induced exosomes may mediate lung adenocarcinoma metastasis via the targeting of HNRNPR. Translational lung cancer research 0 41659252
2025 HnRNPR promotes non-small cell lung cancer progression by protecting XB130 mRNA from XRN1- and DIS3L2-mediated degradation. Cellular signalling 0 40268079
2025 Contributions of Folded and Disordered Domains to RNA Binding by HNRNPR. bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology 0 40654891