| 2015 |
HNRNPA2B1 acts as a nuclear reader of the m6A mark: it binds m6A-bearing RNAs in vivo and in vitro with a biochemical footprint matching the m6A consensus motif, elicits alternative splicing effects similar to the m6A writer METTL3, binds m6A marks in primary miRNA transcripts, interacts with the Microprocessor complex protein DGCR8, and promotes primary miRNA (pri-miRNA) processing. |
RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP), in vitro RNA-binding assays, alternative splicing analysis, co-immunoprecipitation with DGCR8, METTL3 depletion epistasis |
Cell |
High |
26321680
|
| 2013 |
Mutations in the prion-like domain (PrLD) of hnRNPA2B1 (e.g., D290V) strengthen a steric zipper motif, accelerating formation of self-seeding amyloid-like fibrils that cross-seed wild-type hnRNPA2 polymerization, promote excess incorporation into stress granules, and drive cytoplasmic inclusion formation in animal models causing multisystem proteinopathy. |
In vitro fibril assembly assays, cross-seeding experiments, Drosophila and cell models of inclusion formation, exome sequencing of disease families |
Nature |
High |
23455423
|
| 2019 |
Upon DNA virus infection, nuclear hnRNPA2B1 senses viral DNA, homodimerizes, is demethylated at arginine-226 by the arginine demethylase JMJD6, and translocates to the cytoplasm where it activates the TBK1-IRF3 pathway to induce IFN-α/β production. Additionally, hnRNPA2B1 facilitates m6A modification and nucleocytoplasmic trafficking of CGAS, IFI16, and STING mRNAs to amplify antiviral signaling. |
Co-immunoprecipitation, nuclear/cytoplasmic fractionation, gene knockdown/knockout, in vitro demethylation assay, viral infection models |
Science |
High |
31320558
|
| 2015 |
The low-complexity (LC) domain of hnRNPA2 polymerizes into labile, amyloid-like fibers in hydrogels; molecular footprinting of recombinant polymers and isolated nuclei reveals that the LC domain adopts a similar conformation in both states, suggesting biologically relevant polymerization in the nucleus. |
Hydrogel polymer formation, molecular footprinting, analysis of native hnRNPA2 in isolated nuclei |
Cell |
High |
26544936
|
| 2020 |
CryoEM structure of the hnRNPA2 LC domain fibril core reveals kinked chains forming cross-β sheets with non-covalent crosslinking that disfavor pathogenic steric zippers, making these fibrils less stable than pathogenic amyloid. The D290V disease mutation fundamentally alters the fibril structure to a more stable energetic state, explaining its pathogenicity. |
Cryo-electron microscopy (cryoEM), crystal structure of D290V segment, energetic calculations, in vitro hydrogel assay |
Nature Communications |
High |
32796831
|
| 2018 |
The SH3 domain of Fyn kinase (Fyn-SH3) interacts with the low-complexity domain of hnRNPA2 through non-canonical contacts (hnRNPA2 lacks canonical SH3-binding sequences), induces hnRNPA2 LC phase separation in vitro, and is incorporated into hnRNPA2 LC phase-separated granules. |
In vitro microscopy, solution NMR spectroscopy, identification of hnRNPA2 LC interaction sites on Fyn-SH3 surface |
Journal of Biological Chemistry |
High |
30397184
|
| 2020 |
Tyrosine phosphorylation of hnRNPA2 (by Fyn kinase) reduces its phase separation, prevents partitioning of transport granule components hnRNPF and ch-TOG into hnRNPA2 LC droplets, and decreases aggregation of disease variants. Expression of Fyn in C. elegans reduces neurodegeneration caused by hnRNPA2 D290V, and this neurodegeneration is rescued by loss of tdp-1, indicating gain-of-function toxicity. |
In vitro phosphorylation and phase separation assays, C. elegans genetic epistasis (Fyn expression, tdp-1 loss-of-function), NMR |
EMBO Journal |
High |
33349959
|
| 2018 |
Solid-state NMR with segmental isotope labeling demonstrates that wild-type hnRNPA2 LC domain forms in-register cross-β polymers at physiological pH, with Asp290 charged and immobilized in the polymer core. The D290V mutant forms thermodynamically more stable polymers, consistent with removal of destabilizing electrostatic interactions causing disease-prone self-association. |
Solid-state NMR spectroscopy, segmental isotope labeling, electron microscopy |
PNAS |
High |
30279180
|
| 2021 |
Oligomeric tau (oTau) associates with HNRNPA2B1, which functions as a linker connecting oTau with m6A-modified RNA transcripts. Knockdown of HNRNPA2B1 prevents oTau from associating with m6A RNA, prevents oTau-induced reduction of protein synthesis, and reduces oTau-induced neurodegeneration. The oTau-HNRNPA2B1-m6A complex is increased up to 5-fold in Alzheimer's disease brains. |
Cry2-based optogenetics to induce tau oligomers, proteomic analysis, co-immunoprecipitation, neuronal knockdown with phenotypic readout, human brain tissue analysis |
Molecular Cell |
High |
34453888
|
| 2022 |
Heterozygous frameshift variants in HNRNPA2B1 that extend the reading frame produce neomorphic C-terminal sequences that reduce affinity for the nuclear import receptor karyopherin β2, resulting in cytoplasmic accumulation of hnRNPA2/B1 protein and causing early-onset oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy (OPMD). Unlike missense variants, these frameshift variants do not increase fibrillization propensity. |
Patient genetics, nuclear import assays, karyopherin β2 binding affinity measurements, cell and animal model localization studies, fibril assembly assays |
Nature Communications |
High |
35484142
|
| 2023 |
SUMOylation of HNRNPA2B1 enables it to associate with RPA (replication protein A) through recognizing the SUMO-interacting motif (SIM) of RPA, inhibiting RPA accumulation at replication forks and impeding local ATR activation during normal replication. DNA damage reduces HNRNPA2B1 SUMOylation, releasing RPA to localize to chromatin and enable ATR activation. HNRNPA2B1 also hinders homologous recombination by limiting RPA availability. |
Co-immunoprecipitation, SUMO-interaction motif mapping, RPA chromatin localization assays, ATR activation measurements, HR repair assays, PARP inhibitor sensitivity |
Molecular Cell |
High |
36702126
|
| 2020 |
hnRNPA2 RRMs bind the A2RE RNA sequence weakly, with both RRMs contributing to binding; addition of A2RE RNA or longer RNAs containing this sequence completely prevents in vitro phase separation of full-length hnRNPA2 and aggregation of disease-associated mutants, suggesting that RNA binding antagonizes granule nucleation. |
Solution NMR spectroscopy, biophysical binding assays, in vitro phase separation assays with fluorescence microscopy |
Nucleic Acids Research |
High |
32870271
|
| 2016 |
In Drosophila, disease-homologous mutations in hnRNPA2B1 (Hrb98DE) cause progressive cytoplasmic inclusion pathology in muscle; inclusions contain hnRNPA2B1 associated with stress granule marker ROX8, additional RBPs, and TDP-43. Overexpression of MRJ (DNAJB6 ortholog) rescues inclusion formation, while MRJ loss-of-function enhances it, establishing genetic interaction between hnRNPA2B1 and DNAJB6 disease pathways. |
Drosophila genetic model, disease-homologous mutagenesis, immunofluorescence for inclusion markers, MRJ overexpression/loss-of-function epistasis |
Human Molecular Genetics |
High |
26744327
|
| 2010 |
During mitochondrial respiratory stress, Akt1 phosphorylates hnRNPA2, which is required for its recruitment as a transcriptional coactivator to stress-responsive nuclear gene promoters (e.g., Cathepsin L, RyR1, Glut4, Akt1). This phosphorylation step is necessary for functional synergy with NFκB (cRel:p50), C/EBPδ, CREB, and NFAT at these promoters. |
In vitro kinase assay, promoter ChIP assay, siRNA knockdown, C2C12 cell mitochondrial stress model |
Biochimica et Biophysica Acta |
Medium |
20153290
|
| 2011 |
In pancreatic cancer cells, hnRNPA2B1 binds Bcl-x mRNA and promotes splicing toward the anti-apoptotic Bcl-xL isoform; its expression is regulated by Fyn kinase activity. Fyn deactivation also reduces Sam68 phosphorylation, altering Sam68-Bcl-x mRNA binding. hnRNPA2B1 and Sam68 coordinately regulate apoptosis downstream of Fyn. |
RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP), RT-PCR splicing assay, kinase-dead Fyn expression, RNAi knockdown, apoptosis assays |
Carcinogenesis |
Medium |
21642356
|
| 2014 |
HNRNPA2B1 interacts with oncogenic KRAS G12V/G12D in KRAS-dependent PDAC cells, as shown by mass spectrometry and co-immunoprecipitation. This interaction requires KRAS phosphorylation at serine 181. HNRNPA2B1 knockdown inactivates AKT-mTOR signaling, reduces KRAS interaction with PI3K, and impairs PDAC cell survival and xenograft tumor formation. |
Mass spectrometry, co-immunoprecipitation, Phos-tag KRAS phosphorylation analysis, shRNA knockdown, xenograft assay |
Gastroenterology |
Medium |
24998203
|
| 2015 |
hnRNPA2/B1 binds the COX-2 core promoter and activates COX-2 transcription in NSCLC cells. This activation requires cooperation with the transcriptional coactivator p300; hnRNPA2/B1 interacts directly with p300 and is acetylated by p300. Overexpression of p300, but not its HAT-domain deletion mutant, enhances hnRNPA2/B1 acetylation and its binding to the COX-2 promoter. |
Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP), co-immunoprecipitation, acetylation assay, shRNA/siRNA knockdown, overexpression, in vivo xenograft |
Molecular Oncology |
Medium |
26774881
|
| 2019 |
hnRNPA2B1 is translationally regulated by M1 muscarinic receptor signaling downstream of cholinergic tone; decreased cholinergic activity reduces hnRNPA2B1 protein levels through nonsense-mediated decay regulation of translation without altering mRNA levels. Knockout mouse experiments confirmed M1 muscarinic receptors are critical for this regulation. |
Genetic mouse models (cholinergic neuron-specific), in vivo and in vitro pharmacology, polysome/translation assays, knockout validation |
Journal of Neuroscience |
Medium |
27277805
|
| 2016 |
lnc-HC physically interacts with hnRNPA2B1, and the resulting complex binds Cyp7a1 and Abca1 mRNAs to decrease their expression, thereby negatively regulating hepatocyte cholesterol metabolism. lnc-HC knockdown recovers cholesterol balance in vivo. |
RNA pulldown, RIP, co-immunoprecipitation, in vivo knockdown model |
Hepatology |
Medium |
26663205
|
| 2020 |
In HSV-1-infected cells, hnRNPA2B1 is quantitatively translocated from the nucleus to the cytoplasm and co-localizes with a Golgi marker. Knockout of hnRNPA2B1 reduces exosome accumulation 3-fold and reduces HSV-1 apical release >10-fold, while basolateral cell-to-cell spread is unaffected, establishing hnRNPA2B1 as required for Golgi-dependent apical virus egress. |
hnRNPA2B1 knockout cells, immunofluorescence localization, exosome quantification, viral yield measurements, fractionation |
Journal of Virology |
Medium |
32295924
|
| 2024 |
hnRNPA2B1 represses the disassembly of arsenite-induced stress granules (SGs) via the ubiquitination-proteasome system. It interacts with core SG proteins G3BP1, G3BP2, USP10, and Caprin-1; depletion of hnRNPA2B1 reduces the G3BP1-USP10/Caprin-1 interaction and elevates G3BP1 ubiquitination, thereby accelerating SG disassembly. Knockout of hnRNPA2B1 in mice causes Sertoli cell-only syndrome and complete male infertility. |
Co-immunoprecipitation, ubiquitination assays, live-cell SG disassembly imaging, hnRNPA2B1 knockout mice, testis histology |
Cell Reports |
Medium |
38363675
|
| 2024 |
ISGylation of hnRNPA2B1 (mediated by ISG15/PCAT6 scaffold in breast cancer) protects it from ubiquitin-mediated proteasomal degradation; ISGylated hnRNPA2B1 selectively mediates nuclear export of m6A-tagged mRNAs via the ALYREF/NXF1 export complex, promoting stemness-related gene expression. |
Co-immunoprecipitation, ISGylation assay, nuclear export assays, RNA immunoprecipitation, ALYREF/NXF1 complex characterization, knockdown/rescue experiments |
Advanced Science |
Medium |
38626369
|
| 2020 |
ISGylation of hnRNPA2B1 (by ISG15) blocks its recruitment to the 5'UTR of ABCC2 mRNA, thereby suppressing ABCC2 translation and enhancing cisplatin sensitivity in ovarian cancer cells. |
RNA immunoprecipitation, ISGylation assay, translation assay, siRNA knockdown |
Biochimica et Biophysica Acta - Molecular Cell Research |
Medium |
31926942
|
| 2022 |
In PAH pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells, HNRNPA2B1 expression and nuclear localization are increased. RNA immunoprecipitation identified three binding motifs; A2B1 promotes expression of target mRNAs carrying these motifs in a non-redundant manner across cell cycle regulation. A2B1 silencing decreases proliferation and apoptosis resistance; in vivo A2B1 inhibition rescues pulmonary hypertension in rats. |
RNA immunoprecipitation, RNA sequencing, A2B1 silencing, monocrotaline rat model of pulmonary hypertension, bioinformatics |
Circulation |
Medium |
35993245
|
| 2019 |
MO-460 (a moracin-O analog) targets hnRNPA2B1 by binding to its C-terminal glycine-rich domain, inhibiting hnRNPA2B1 binding to the 3'-UTR of HIF-1α mRNA and suppressing HIF-1α translation initiation under hypoxic conditions, leading to stress granule accumulation. |
Chemical proteomics target identification, domain mapping, RNA pulldown, translation assay, stress granule imaging |
Experimental & Molecular Medicine |
Medium |
30755586
|
| 2022 |
HNRNPA2B1 mediates processing of primary miRNAs (including miR-92a-2-5p and miR-373-3p) in myeloma cells through interaction with DGCR8 (Microprocessor complex), and these miRNAs are packaged into exosomes. Exosomal delivery to monocytes activates osteoclastogenesis (via IRF8 suppression) and suppresses osteoblastogenesis (via RUNX2 suppression), causing bone lesions. |
RNA pulldown, RIP, co-immunoprecipitation (HNRNPA2B1-DGCR8), exosome isolation, miRNA luciferase assay, in vivo bone histomorphometry |
Theranostics |
Medium |
36451863
|
| 2022 |
hnRNPA2B1 interacts with HNRNPA2B1 (680-890 nt RRM2 domain) through Linc01232, which prevents ubiquitin-mediated degradation of HNRNPA2B1. Stabilized HNRNPA2B1 then promotes alternative splicing of A-Raf, activating the MAPK/ERK signaling pathway in pancreatic cancer. |
RNA pulldown, RIP assay, domain mapping, RNA sequencing, ubiquitination assay, MAPK pathway analysis |
Cancer Letters |
Medium |
32814086
|
| 2020 |
hnRNPA2B1 enhances Lin28B mRNA stability by direct binding, and this mechanism supports ovarian cancer malignant phenotype. Knockdown of hnRNPA2B1 reduces Lin28B expression, and Lin28B re-expression rescues the phenotype of hnRNPA2B1 knockdown. |
RNA immunoprecipitation, mRNA stability assay, siRNA knockdown, rescue experiment, in vivo xenograft |
Cancer Letters |
Medium |
32006618
|
| 2020 |
CRNDE maintains hnRNPA2B1 protein stability by inhibiting TRIM21-mediated K63 ubiquitination-dependent degradation. The CRNDE/hnRNPA2B1 axis then facilitates nuclear export and translation of KRAS mRNA, specifically activating MAPK signaling in colorectal cancer. |
Co-immunoprecipitation, ubiquitination assay, nuclear export assay, polysome profiling, MAPK pathway analysis, knockdown/rescue |
Cell Death & Disease |
Medium |
37716979
|
| 2023 |
CSNK1D phosphorylates HNRNPA2B1 to enhance its stability. Stabilized HNRNPA2B1 promotes processing of pri-miR-25/93 to mature miR-25-3p/miR-93-5p via m6A-dependent recognition, which in turn targets BAMBI and FOXO3 to activate TGF-β and suppress FOXO pathways in prostate cancer. |
Mass spectrometry identification of CSNK1D, in vitro kinase assay, m6A-RIP for pri-miRNA recognition, functional miRNA maturation assay |
Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences |
Medium |
37208565
|
| 2013 |
PARP1 and HNRNPA2B1 specifically bind DNA sequences at the termini of 'forum domains'—50-250 kb chromosomal domains delimited by DNA double-strand break hot spots—that contain coordinately expressed gene clusters, suggesting a role for HNRNPA2B1 in chromosomal domain organization and coordinate gene regulation. |
Genome-wide DSB mapping, chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) for HNRNPA2B1 binding at domain termini, bioinformatics |
PLoS Genetics |
Low |
23593027
|
| 2022 |
A hnRNPA2B1 agonist compound PAC5 binds to a pocket near Asp49 in the RNA recognition motif of hnRNPA2B1, activating it and inducing cytoplasmic translocation, where it initiates TBK1-IRF3 pathway and type I IFN production with antiviral activity against HBV and SARS-CoV-2. |
Chemical biology/binding assays, domain mapping, cytoplasmic translocation assay, IFN production assay, in vivo antiviral models |
Protein & Cell |
Medium |
36726760
|
| 2025 |
Adenine directly binds and activates hnRNPA2B1 in macrophage nuclei during bacterial infection; adenine-bound hnRNPA2B1 is recruited to Il1b enhancers and increases Il1b enhancer chromatin accessibility by recruiting nucleolin and FTO to mediate Il1b enhancer DNA 6mA demethylation, thereby increasing IL-1β transcription and antibacterial innate immunity. |
Large-scale metabolite-hnRNPA2B1 interaction screen, binding assay, ChIP for hnRNPA2B1 at Il1b enhancers, ATAC-seq for chromatin accessibility, 6mA methylation assay, myeloid-specific cKO mice |
Cell Metabolism |
Medium |
39814017
|
| 2017 |
hnRNPA2/B1 mediates IRES-dependent (cap-independent) translation of Sp1 mRNA by being recruited with Nm23-H1 to the 5'UTR of Sp1 mRNA. Nm23-H1 enhances hnRNPA2/B1 protein stability, and this complex promotes internal ribosomal entry site-mediated Sp1 translation in lung cancer cells. |
RNA immunoprecipitation (5'UTR binding), IRES reporter assay, co-immunoprecipitation (Nm23-H1/hnRNPA2B1), protein stability assay |
Scientific Reports |
Medium |
28831131
|
| 2021 |
HNRNPA2B1 acts as a trigger of an RNA switch in the 3'UTR of CDK6: it binds a conserved cis-element forming a stem structure near a miR-506 binding site, denatures the stem structure, and recruits RNA helicase DHX9, ultimately facilitating miR-506-mediated CDK6 silencing in lung cancer cells. |
RNA electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA), RNA secondary structure analysis, RIP, DHX9 recruitment assay, luciferase reporter |
iScience |
Low |
34805798
|
| 2024 |
In gastric cancer, cytoplasm-anchored hnRNPA2B1 coordinates with poly(A)-binding protein PABPC1 to stabilize its association with cap-binding eIF4F complex, facilitating translation of CIP2A, DLAT, and GPX1 independent of m6A modification. This non-m6A translational function is promoted by H. pylori-induced NF-κB-dependent upregulation of hnRNPA2B1. |
Mass spectrometry and co-IP for hnRNPA2B1-PABPC1 interaction, Ribo-seq and polysome profiling for translation, RIP-seq, m6A epitranscriptomic microarray |
Advanced Science |
Medium |
38887155
|
| 2022 |
HNRNPA2B1 promotes mRNA stability of TCF7L2 in an m6A-dependent manner through physical interaction with lncRNA MIR100HG; MIR100HG interaction facilitates hnRNPA2B1 recognition of the m6A site of TCF7L2 mRNA, activating Wnt/β-catenin signaling in colorectal cancer. |
RNA immunoprecipitation, m6A MeRIP, RNA stability assay, Co-IP, in vitro and in vivo functional assays |
Molecular Cancer |
Medium |
35279145
|
| 2024 |
DRAIC lncRNA interacts with hnRNPA2B1 and protects it from FBXO11 E3 ligase-mediated ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation. Stabilized hnRNPA2B1 then destabilizes m6A-modified IGF1R mRNA (requiring four specific m6A modification sites) to suppress ccRCC progression. |
Co-immunoprecipitation, ubiquitination assay, m6A site mapping (MeRIP), mRNA stability assay, FBXO11 E3 ligase identification |
Oncogene |
Medium |
38811846
|
| 2022 |
Neddylation post-translationally regulates hnRNPA2B1 protein level (without affecting mRNA). hnRNPA2B1 regulates fatty acid oxidation by binding MTPα mRNA (RNA immunoprecipitation). Restoration of hnRNPA2B1 via neddylation inhibitor MLN4924 protects against hypertriglyceridemia-induced pancreatitis. |
RNA immunoprecipitation for MTPα mRNA, neddylation inhibitor MLN4924, in vivo hyperlipidemic mouse model, NF-κB activation assay |
Cell Death & Disease |
Low |
36220838
|
| 2017 |
HNRNPA2B1 mediates exclusion of cassette exon 11 from MST1R (RON) pre-mRNA, generating the RON∆165 isoform which activates Akt/PKB signaling, promoting EMT in head and neck cancer. MST1R-minigene model validated this direct splicing role. |
CRISPR/Cas9 HNRNPA2B1 knockout, MST1R-minigene alternative splicing assay, Akt/PKB signaling readout, EMT markers |
Laboratory Investigation |
Medium |
32669614
|