| 2007 |
JMJD6 is a JmjC-containing, iron- and 2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase that demethylates histone H3 at arginine 2 (H3R2) and histone H4 at arginine 3 (H4R3) in biochemical and cell-based assays. |
In vitro enzymatic assay, cell-based demethylation assays |
Science |
High |
17947579
|
| 2009 |
JMJD6 catalyzes Fe(II)- and 2-oxoglutarate-dependent C-5 lysyl hydroxylation of the splicing factor U2AF65, and this activity modulates alternative RNA splicing of select endogenous and reporter genes. |
In vitro enzymatic assay, mass spectrometry, splicing reporter assays, siRNA knockdown |
Science |
High |
19574390
|
| 2010 |
Crystal structure of JMJD6 reveals a double-stranded β-helical (DSBH) fold with active-site iron coordination; mutational studies show the structural basis for C-5 lysyl hydroxylation rather than Nε-demethylation. |
X-ray crystallography, active-site mutagenesis |
Journal of Molecular Biology |
High |
20684070 20685276
|
| 2010 |
JMJD6 binds single-stranded RNA (but not ssDNA, dsRNA, or dsDNA) via positively charged surfaces revealed by structural analysis; a stack of aromatic residues near the active center undergoes conformational change upon alpha-ketoglutarate binding. |
X-ray crystallography, RNA-binding assays, truncation analysis |
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences |
High |
20679243
|
| 2010 |
JMJD6 localizes throughout the nucleoplasm outside heterochromatic regions and is excluded from the nucleus during mitosis, re-entering at telophase; it forms homo-multimers in both nucleus and cytoplasm and associates preferentially with RNA/RNA complexes rather than chromatin; no histone lysine demethylase activity was detected. |
Immunolocalization, western blot (homo-multimer analysis), RNase/DNase treatment, KO cell comparison of histone methylation marks |
PLoS One |
High |
21060799
|
| 2011 |
JMJD6 catalyzes 2-oxoglutarate-dependent C-5 hydroxylation of lysine residues to give 5S-hydroxylysine products, stereochemically distinct from collagen lysyl hydroxylases (which give 5R products), establishing a new subfamily of lysyl hydroxylases. |
Amino acid analysis, mass spectrometry, stereochemical assignment |
ChemBioChem |
High |
22238144
|
| 2011 |
JMJD6 interacts with U2AF65 and regulates splicing of VEGF-receptor 1 (Flt1), shifting the ratio toward soluble Flt1 (sFlt1); silencing JMJD6 impairs angiogenic sprouting, which can be rescued by neutralizing sFlt1 or saturating VEGF/PlGF. |
siRNA knockdown, Co-IP, splicing analysis, angiogenesis rescue assays |
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences |
High |
21300889
|
| 2012 |
JMJD6 homo-oligomerization requires its own enzymatic (hydroxylase) activity and both N- and C-termini; JMJD6 auto-hydroxylates its N-terminus in vitro, suggesting intermolecular covalent bond formation drives oligomerization; no arginine demethylase activity toward histone peptides was detected in vitro. |
MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry enzymatic assay, mutational analysis, in vitro hydroxylation assay |
Journal of Cellular Biochemistry |
Medium |
22189873
|
| 2013 |
JMJD6 hydroxylates lysine residues of histone H3 and H4 tails in vitro and hydroxylates lysyl residues of histones H2A/H2B and H3/H4 in vivo; 5-hydroxylysine on histones inhibits N-acetylation and N-methylation by acetyltransferase and methyltransferase, respectively. |
In vitro binding/hydroxylation assays, amino acid composition analysis of KO embryos, HEK293 overexpression, competitive modification assays |
Journal of Biological Chemistry |
High |
23303181
|
| 2013 |
JMJD6 and BRD4 co-occupy distal anti-pause enhancers (A-PEs); BRD4-dependent JMJD6 recruitment mediates erasure of H4R3me2s, which is read by 7SK snRNA; JMJD6 also decaps/demethylates 7SK snRNA, releasing the 7SK/HEXIM inhibitory complex from P-TEFb, enabling RNA Pol II promoter-proximal pause release. |
ChIP-seq, Co-IP, RNA demethylation assay, long-range chromatin interaction analysis, knockdown with Pol II pausing readout |
Cell |
High |
24360279
|
| 2013 |
The polyserine (polyS) domain of JMJD6 mediates subnuclear localization; an alternatively spliced isoform lacking the polyS domain localizes to the nucleolar fibrillar centre and interacts with nucleolar proteins; homo-oligomerization is confirmed by Co-IP and F2H assays in cells. |
Immunofluorescence localization, Co-IP, F2H (fluorescent 2-hybrid) assay, electron microscopy of oligomers in vitro |
Biochemical Journal |
Medium |
23688307
|
| 2014 |
JMJD6 physically associates with p53 and hydroxylates p53 at lysine 382 (an α-ketoglutarate- and Fe(II)-dependent reaction); this hydroxylation antagonizes p53 acetylation, promotes association of p53 with MDMX, and represses p53 transcriptional activity. |
Co-IP, in vitro hydroxylation assay, mass spectrometry, acetylation competition assay, transcriptional reporter assay, KD/KO proliferation/apoptosis readout |
PLoS Biology |
High |
24667498
|
| 2014 |
JMJD6 interacts with methylated ERα (metERα) and demethylates it upon estrogenic stimulation, acting as an arginine demethylase of ERα to regulate rapid extranuclear estrogenic responses. |
Co-IP, JMJD6 silencing combined with demethylation assay |
PLoS One |
Medium |
24498420
|
| 2014 |
JMJD6 interacts with multiple arginine-serine-rich (RS) domains of SR and SR-related splicing proteins (U2AF65, Luc7L3, SRSF11, Acinus S'), but not with the bona fide RS domain of SRSF1; it modifies a constitutive splice reporter, binds RNA derived from the reporter, and co-localizes with nascent RNA, suggesting RNA-dependent splice modulatory function. |
Co-IP/pulldown with RS-domain proteins, splicing reporter assay, RNA binding, immunofluorescence co-localization with nascent RNA |
Nucleic Acids Research |
High |
24914048
|
| 2015 |
Jmjd6 is required for effective splicing out of intron 2 of the Aire gene; Jmjd6-deficient medullary thymic epithelial cells show normal Aire transcript abundance but markedly reduced mature Aire protein, leading to impaired self-antigen expression and spontaneous multi-organ autoimmunity. |
Conditional KO mouse model, RT-PCR splicing analysis, western blot, autoimmunity phenotype |
Nature Communications |
High |
26531897
|
| 2015 |
JMJD6 binds to the p19ARF promoter and demethylates H4R3me2a, repressing p19ARF expression, thereby reducing p53 levels and suppressing Myc-induced apoptosis to cooperate with c-Myc in mammary tumorigenesis. |
ChIP, H4R3me2a demethylation assay, KO/overexpression in MMTV-Myc cells, tumor burden and metastasis analysis in mice |
Clinical Epigenetics |
Medium |
27081402
|
| 2017 |
JMJD6 demethylates G3BP1 at three arginine residues (monomethylation and asymmetric dimethylation), is a component of stress granules, and promotes stress granule (SG) formation; knockdown of JMJD6 represses SG formation and G3BP1 demethylation, which is rescued by catalytically active but not mutant JMJD6. |
Co-IP, methylation assays, SG formation assays, catalytic mutant rescue |
Journal of Biological Chemistry |
Medium |
28972166
|
| 2017 |
JMJD6 co-regulates alternative splicing of a large number of events together with U2AF65 in an RNA-dependent manner; JMJD6 enzymatic (lysine hydroxylase) activity is required for a subset of co-regulated splicing events; validated in jmjd6 knockout mice. |
RASL-seq, jmjd6 KO mouse, catalytic mutant complementation, splicing reporter assays |
Nucleic Acids Research |
High |
27899633
|
| 2017 |
JMJD6 demethylates HURP at R122, promoting Golgi apparatus repositioning (GR) and directional cell migration; the HURP methylation-mimicking mutant blocks JMJD6-induced GR, and the effect is relayed through NF-κB-induced centrosome repositioning and Cdc42 upregulation. |
Demethylation assay, mutant rescue, GR imaging, NF-κB and Cdc42 functional assays |
Journal of Cellular Physiology |
Medium |
36250981
|
| 2017 |
The extraterminal (ET) domain of BRD4 recognizes a JMJD6 peptide (Lys84-Asn96) that adopts an α-helix when bound; this interaction is established through JMJD6 contacts with the conserved hydrophobic core of the ET domain and is reinforced by electrostatic interactions; single-stranded RNA binding induces a conformational change in JMJD6 that likely promotes the JMJD6-BRD4 ET interaction. |
NMR structure determination, binding assays, mutational analysis |
Scientific Reports |
High |
29176719
|
| 2018 |
JMJD6 is recruited to ERα-bound active enhancers and is required for RNA Pol II recruitment, enhancer RNA production, and transcriptional pause release of estrogen target genes; JMJD6 interacts with MED12 in the mediator complex and is necessary for CARM1 to methylate MED12 at multiple arginine sites, regulating MED12 chromatin binding. |
ChIP-seq, Co-IP, RNA Pol II pausing assay, enhancer RNA measurement, JMJD6 KD, CARM1 methylation assay |
Molecular Cell |
High |
29628309
|
| 2018 |
JMJD6 has intrinsic tyrosine kinase activity and phosphorylates histone H2A.X at tyrosine 39 (H2A.XY39ph), using ATP and GTP as phosphate donors; elevated JMJD6 promotes autophagy in triple-negative breast cancer cells via this H2A.XY39ph axis. |
In vitro kinase assay, mutagenesis, autophagy pathway readout, KD/OE experiments |
Oncogene |
Medium |
30185813
|
| 2018 |
JMJD6 demethylates STAT1 at arginine residues; JMJD6 overexpression suppresses STAT1 methylation and IFNα-induced interferon-stimulated gene (ISG) activation while increasing HCV RNA, whereas JMJD6 silencing enhances STAT1 methylation and ISG stimulation. |
JMJD6 KD/OE, STAT1 methylation western blot, ISG activation assay, HCV RNA quantification |
Cellular and Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology |
Medium |
29693039
|
| 2018 |
JMJD6 demethylates the NF-κB p65 subunit at R149 in the cytoplasm, inhibiting nuclear translocation of p65 and thereby inactivating NF-κB signaling to protect against pathological cardiac hypertrophy; JMJD6 also demethylates histone H3R8. |
Co-IP, demethylation assay, cardiac-specific overexpression/depletion, nuclear fractionation, in vivo rat model |
Acta Pharmacologica Sinica |
Medium |
37186122
|
| 2019 |
Biochemical and structural analyses (MS, NMR, crystallography) confirm JMJD6 as a lysyl hydroxylase; arginine N-demethylation activity could not be reproduced with purified JMJD6 using multiple substrate sequences; crystal structure of JMJD6Δ344-403 with iron and 2OG further supports lysyl hydroxylase assignment. |
MS- and NMR-based kinetic assays, X-ray crystallography, biophysical analyses |
Journal of Biological Chemistry |
High |
31147442
|
| 2019 |
JMJD6 forms protein complexes with N-Myc and BRD4 in neuroblastoma cells and is important for transcription of E2F2, N-Myc, and c-Myc; JMJD6 knockdown reduces neuroblastoma cell proliferation and tumor progression in mice. |
Co-IP (complex formation), ChIP (super-enhancer association), KD with proliferation/survival and in vivo tumor readout |
Nature Communications |
Medium |
31346162
|
| 2019 |
Promotion of adipogenesis by JMJD6 requires the AT hook-like domain (mediating interaction with DNA/RNA) but is independent of catalytic enzymatic activity; the AT hook-like domain is required for JMJD6 interaction with chromatin at adipogenic regulator genes. |
Domain mutational analysis, adipogenic differentiation assay, chromatin interaction assay, oligomerization analysis |
PLoS One |
Medium |
31430278
|
| 2020 |
JMJD6 cleaves MePCE (methylphosphate capping enzyme), a core component of the 7SK snRNP complex, via a novel proteolytic activity; this disrupts the 7SK snRNP complex and, together with BRD4, enables P-TEFb recruitment to RNA Pol II CTD for productive elongation; crystal structure of JMJD6 bound to methyl-arginine supports the mechanism. |
Crystal structure, in vitro and in vivo cleavage assays, binding assays, Jmjd6 KO/OE with Pol II CTD phosphorylation readout |
eLife |
High |
32048991
|
| 2020 |
JMJD6 is recruited to DNA double-strand breaks, controls spreading of histone ubiquitination and accumulation of repair proteins around DSBs, and modulates NHEJ and HR efficiency; independently of catalytic activity, JMJD6 interacts with SIRT1 and recruits it to chromatin to downregulate H4K16ac at DSBs. |
Microirradiation/live imaging, Co-IP, ChIP, NHEJ/HR reporter assays, catalytic mutant analysis |
Cell Death and Differentiation |
Medium |
31358914
|
| 2020 |
JMJD6 negatively regulates antiviral innate immune signaling by recruiting the E3 ubiquitin ligase RNF5 to promote K48-linked ubiquitination and degradation of activated IRF3, thereby reducing type-I interferon production in response to cytosolic RNA and RNA viruses. |
Co-IP/proteomic screen, ubiquitination assay, JMJD6 KO (piggyBac), IFN-I production assay, viral replication assay |
PLoS Pathogens |
High |
33684176
|
| 2021 |
JMJD6 is essential for hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) self-renewal and multilineage reconstitution; loss of Jmjd6 elevates mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) and ROS, and antioxidant (N-acetyl-l-cysteine) rescues HSC depletion, establishing OXPHOS-mediated ROS as causal in the HSC failure. |
Hematopoietic-specific conditional KO, serial transplantation, mitochondrial respiration assays, ROS measurement, antioxidant rescue |
Blood Advances |
High |
33560400
|
| 2021 |
JMJD6 knockdown reduces recruitment of U2AF65 to AR pre-mRNA and decreases AR-V7 splice variant levels in prostate cancer; mutagenesis of the JMJD6 catalytic machinery abrogates AR-V7 generation. |
siRNA screen, JMJD6 KD, RNA immunoprecipitation (U2AF65-AR pre-mRNA), catalytic mutagenesis |
Cancer Research |
Medium |
33822745
|
| 2022 |
Mass spectrometry proteomics identifies 150 sites of JMJD6-catalyzed lysine hydroxylation on 48 protein substrates including 19 sites on BRD4; hydroxylations occur predominantly within unstructured lysine-rich regions; nearly all substrates are associated with membraneless organelle formation, suggesting a role for JMJD6 in regulating liquid-liquid phase separation. |
MS with lysine derivatization (propionic anhydride) and nontryptic proteolysis; JMJD6 KO comparison |
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences |
High |
35930668
|
| 2022 |
JMJD6 interacts with RBM39 and co-occupies the DGAT1 gene promoter together with H3K4me3 to induce DGAT1 expression, driving lipid droplet formation and ccRCC tumorigenesis; JMJD6 silencing reduces DGAT1 and lipid droplet formation. |
Co-IP, ChIP-seq, RNA-seq, siRNA screen, in vitro and in vivo tumor models |
Molecular Cell |
Medium |
35764091
|
| 2022 |
JMJD6 regulates splicing of its own pre-mRNA producing two isoforms (JMJD6-2 and JMJD6-Ex5) with distinct interactomes; JMJD6-2 interacts with SR/RS-domain splicing factors and inhibits exon inclusion in a splicing reporter, whereas JMJD6-Ex5 interacts with SMN complex, hnRNPs, UBF, and FCP1 without splicing inhibitory effect. |
LC-MS/MS immunoprecipitation, HIV-based splicing reporter, siRNA knockdown of jmjd6 affecting isoform ratios |
International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
Medium |
32927736
|
| 2024 |
JMJD6 acts as a hub connecting pre-mRNA splicing and glutamine metabolism in MYC-driven neuroblastoma; JMJD6 physically interacts with RNA-binding proteins involved in splicing and controls alternative splicing of glutaminase isoforms (KGA vs GAC); JMJD6 also complexes with splicing factor RBM39, linking its function to indisulam (RBM39 degrader) sensitivity. |
Co-IP (JMJD6-RNA binding protein complex), RNA-seq splicing analysis, metabolic assays, cellular transformation assay |
eLife |
Medium |
38488852
|
| 2024 |
JMJD6 is a transcriptional target of HSF1 and reduces HSP70 R469 monomethylation to disrupt HSP70-HSF1 repressive complexes, resulting in enhanced HSF1 activation; JMJD6 and HSF1 form a positive feedback circuit promoting cellular adaptation to proteotoxic stress. |
Genome-wide RNAi screen with HSR reporter, Co-IP (HSP70-HSF1), methylation assay, JMJD6 KD/OE, ChIP |
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences |
Medium |
38985769
|
| 2020 |
JMJD6 participates in rDNA damage response: it is rapidly recruited to nucleolar DNA damage, is crucial for relocalisation of rDNA into nucleolar caps, interacts with nucleolar protein Treacle (by MS), and modulates Treacle-NBS1 interaction; JMJD6-deficient cells show increased sensitivity to nucleolar DNA damage and loss/rearrangements of rDNA repeats. |
Live imaging (microirradiation), mass spectrometry interactome, KD with rDNA stability and sensitivity readouts |
PLoS Genetics |
Medium |
32598339
|
| 2025 |
JMJD6 recruits mediator subunits Med1/14 to assemble de novo enhancers at glutathione biosynthesis genes (SLC7A11, GCLM, ME1) together with ATF4, independent of androgen receptor; SPOP-mutant prostate cancer accumulates JMJD6 via impaired proteasomal degradation, conferring ferroptosis resistance through enhanced glutathione metabolism. |
Co-IP (JMJD6-Med1/14-ATF4), ChIP-seq (enhancer-promoter loops), proteasome inhibition assays, ferroptosis induction assays, in vivo preclinical models |
Cancer Research |
Medium |
39903850
|
| 2017 |
JMJD6 was found secreted as a soluble protein in the extracellular matrix; recombinant JMJD6 binds collagen type I (Coll-I) and distinct JMJD6 peptides interfere with collagen fibrillogenesis, collagen-fibronectin interaction, and tumor cell adhesion to collagen substrate; antibody blockade of JMJD6-Coll-I interaction reduces fibrosis and prevents lung metastases in mice. |
Recombinant protein binding assay, collagen fibrillogenesis assay, Co-IP, in vivo tumor models |
FASEB Journal |
Medium |
28790175
|
| 2021 |
MALDI-TOF identified fibronectin as a novel substrate of JMJD6-mediated lysyl hydroxylation; this hydroxylation precedes fibronectin glycosylation, deposition, and degradation; JMJD6 knockdown in placental mesenchymal cells impairs fibronectin fibril formation and lysosomal degradation, and Fe2+ supplementation rescues JMJD6 activity and fibronectin homeostasis. |
MALDI-TOF, JMJD6 KD, Fe2+ rescue, fibronectin assembly and lysosomal degradation assays, time-lapse migration imaging |
Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology |
Medium |
34055782
|
| 2015 |
Jmjd6 in Xenopus embryos interacts with Tcf7l1 (Tcf3) transcriptional repressor and derepresses it by displacing the Groucho corepressor; Jmjd6 antagonizes Tcf7l1-mediated repression, enhances β-catenin-induced gene activation, and is required for anteroposterior axis patterning in Xenopus embryogenesis. |
Co-IP, transcriptional reporter assay, morpholino loss-of-function, Xenopus embryo axis defect analysis |
Journal of Biological Chemistry |
Medium |
26157142
|
| 2013 |
Iron availability modulates Jmjd6-dependent U2AF65 lysyl hydroxylation, which in turn influences the ratio of correct to aberrant FECH mRNA splice products; siRNA knockdown of Jmjd6 phenocopies iron deficiency in shifting FECH splicing toward aberrant products. |
siRNA KD, splicing quantification, iron chelation experiments |
Blood Cells, Molecules and Diseases |
Medium |
23787363
|
| 2018 |
JMJD6 demethylates H4R3me2a at the PDEC1 (PDE1C) promoter in adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells, suppressing PDE1C expression and thereby reducing intracellular cAMP and cGMP levels; JMJD6 knockdown increases PDE1C and enhances cell proliferation and migration, effects reversed by PDE1C inhibition. |
ChIP-qPCR, siRNA knockdown, PDE1C inhibitor rescue, cAMP/cGMP measurement |
Stem Cell Research and Therapy |
Medium |
30092848
|