Affinage

FARP2

FERM, ARHGEF and pleckstrin domain-containing protein 2 · UniProt O94887

Round 2 corrected
Length
1054 aa
Mass
119.9 kDa
Annotated
2026-04-28
130 papers in source corpus 8 papers cited in narrative 8 extracted findings

Mechanistic narrative

Synthesis pass · prose summary of the discoveries below

FARP2 is an autoinhibited, FERM domain-containing Dbl-family RhoGEF that couples extracellular semaphorin and integrin signals to localized Rac1 and Cdc42 activation, thereby controlling cytoskeletal remodelling in neurons, osteoclasts, and epithelial cells. Crystal structures show that its GEF activity is suppressed by an intramolecular mechanism in which the last DH helix and two tandem PH domains occlude the substrate-binding site, and release of this autoinhibition is triggered by signal-dependent dissociation from plexin-A receptors or phosphorylation by aPKCι (PMID:23375260, PMID:16286926, PMID:30872454). In the nervous system, FARP2 operates downstream of Sema3A–Nrp1/PlxnA signalling: it dissociates from plexin-A1 upon ligand binding to activate Rac1 for growth-cone collapse, and a PlxnA4-KRK-motif/FARP2/Rac1 module selectively drives cortical dendritic elaboration (PMID:16286926, PMID:32499377). In osteoclasts, FARP2 directs Rac1-GTP into podosome-ring structures to regulate integrin β3 activity, multinucleated osteoclast formation, and bone resorption, while in epithelial cells it participates in an aPKCι-dependent positive-feedback loop activating Cdc42 to establish apical-basal polarity and tight junctions (PMID:20702777, PMID:30872454).

Mechanistic history

Synthesis pass · year-by-year structured walk · 6 steps
  1. 2005 High

    The central question of how Sema3A receptor signalling engages a GEF was answered by showing that FARP2 directly binds plexin-A1/neuropilin-1 and, upon Sema3A stimulation, dissociates to activate Rac, recruit Rnd1 to plexin, and suppress R-Ras—establishing FARP2 as the signal-coupling GEF for axonal repulsion.

    Evidence Co-IP, pulldown, GEF activity assays, and functional growth-cone collapse/adhesion assays in neurons

    PMID:16286926

    Open questions at the time
    • Structural basis for FARP2–plexin-A1 interaction and the release mechanism not determined
    • Whether FARP2 GEF activity toward Cdc42 versus Rac1 is context-dependent was not resolved
    • FARP2 FERM-domain sequestration of PIPKIγ661 not confirmed in vivo
  2. 2010 High

    Extending FARP2 function beyond neurons, its requirement for localized Rac1-GTP accumulation in osteoclast podosome rings and for integrin β3-dependent bone resorption established a general role in adhesion-coupled cytoskeletal remodelling.

    Evidence Live imaging, Rac1-GTP pulldowns, siRNA knockdown, and osteoclast differentiation/resorption pit assays

    PMID:20702777

    Open questions at the time
    • Upstream signal activating FARP2 GEF release in osteoclasts not identified
    • Whether the autoinhibitory mechanism is identical to that in the plexin pathway was unknown
  3. 2013 High

    The structural basis of FARP2 autoinhibition was resolved: crystal structures revealed that the last DH helix and tandem PH domains cooperatively occlude the GTPase-binding surface, explaining how the enzyme stays silent until activated by upstream signals.

    Evidence X-ray crystallography of DH and DH-PH-PH domains with cell-based GEF assays and domain mutagenesis

    PMID:23375260

    Open questions at the time
    • No structure of full-length FARP2 including the FERM domain
    • Mechanism by which upstream signals relieve autoinhibition (conformational change versus post-translational modification) not visualised
  4. 2019 High

    Discovery that aPKCι directly binds and phosphorylates FARP2 to promote its detachment and Cdc42-directed GEF activity revealed a second activation pathway operating in epithelial polarity and tight junction formation, independent of plexin signalling.

    Evidence Co-IP, phosphorylation assays, Cdc42-GTP pulldowns, siRNA knockdown with polarity and junction readouts, domain interaction mapping

    PMID:30872454

    Open questions at the time
    • Identity of the phosphorylation site(s) and whether they directly relieve the DH-PH-PH autoinhibition not resolved
    • Whether aPKCι-FARP2 loop operates in non-epithelial contexts is unknown
  5. 2020 High

    Genetic epistasis in mice showed that the PlxnA4-KRK motif/FARP2/Rac1 module selectively controls dendritic elaboration but not axon guidance, demonstrating that FARP2 segregates distinct morphogenetic outputs of Sema3A signalling through the same receptor.

    Evidence CRISPR knock-in PlxnA4 mutant mice, FARP2 knockout mice, Rac1 activity assays, cortical neuron morphology analysis

    PMID:32499377

    Open questions at the time
    • Molecular basis of how the KRK motif selectively recruits FARP2 versus other effectors not determined
    • Whether FARP2 contributes to dendrite morphogenesis in non-cortical neuron types is untested
  6. 2020 Medium

    Family-wide systematic characterisation confirmed FARP2 autoinhibition as representative of a general RhoGEF regulatory principle and placed FARP2 within integrin adhesion-regulated Rac1 signalling networks.

    Evidence AP-MS interactome mapping, localization screens, substrate specificity assays across the RhoGEF family

    PMID:32203420

    Open questions at the time
    • FARP2-specific interactors identified in the screen were not individually validated
    • Quantitative parameters of FARP2 catalytic efficiency versus other RhoGEFs not compared

Open questions

Synthesis pass · forward-looking unresolved questions
  • The mechanism by which upstream signals (plexin dissociation, aPKCι phosphorylation) relieve the structurally characterised DH-PH-PH autoinhibition remains unresolved, and a full-length structure incorporating the FERM domain is lacking.
  • No full-length structure of FARP2
  • Activation mechanism connecting signal reception to relief of DH-PH-PH autoinhibition not visualised
  • In vivo genetic models for non-neuronal FARP2 functions (epithelial polarity, osteoclast biology) are limited

Mechanism profile

Synthesis pass · controlled-vocabulary classification · explore literature graph →
Molecular activity
GO:0098772 molecular function regulator activity 5 GO:0008092 cytoskeletal protein binding 1
Localization
GO:0005886 plasma membrane 3 GO:0005856 cytoskeleton 1
Pathway
R-HSA-162582 Signal Transduction 4 R-HSA-1266738 Developmental Biology 2 R-HSA-1500931 Cell-Cell communication 1
Partners
CDC42ITGB3NRP1PLXNA1PLXNA4PRKCLRAC1

Evidence

Reading pass · 8 per-paper findings extracted from the source corpus
Year Finding Method Journal Conf PMIDs
2005 FARP2 (a FERM domain-containing RhoGEF) directly associates with plexin-A1 in the presence of neuropilin-1. Upon Sema3A binding to neuropilin-1, FARP2 dissociates from plexin-A1, leading to activation of FARP2's Rac GEF activity, Rnd1 recruitment to plexin-A1, and downregulation of R-Ras. Simultaneously, the FERM domain of FARP2 sequesters PIPKIγ661 from talin, inhibiting its kinase activity. These activities are required for Sema3A-mediated axonal repulsion and suppression of neuronal adhesion. Co-immunoprecipitation, pulldown assays, GEF activity assays, dominant-negative/overexpression studies in neuronal growth cone collapse and adhesion assays Nature neuroscience High 16286926
2010 FARP2 is required for localized activation of GTP-bound Rac1 into podosome-ring-like structures in osteoclasts, and is relevant to integrin β3 activity during osteoclastogenesis. FARP2 deficiency results in reduced formation of multinucleated osteoclasts and resorption pits compared to wild-type controls. Live cell imaging, biochemical GEF/Rac1-GTP pulldown assays, siRNA knockdown, integrin activity assays, osteoclast differentiation and bone resorption pit assays FASEB journal High 20702777
2013 Crystal structures of the catalytic DH domain and the DH-PH-PH domains of FARP2 reveal an autoinhibited conformation in which the GEF substrate-binding site is blocked collectively by the last helix of the DH domain and the two PH domains, stabilized by multiple inter-domain interactions and two structured inter-domain linkers. Cell-based activity assays confirmed suppression of FARP2 GEF activity by these autoinhibitory elements. X-ray crystallography, cell-based GEF activity assays, domain mutagenesis Structure High 23375260
2019 FARP2 is a substrate and binding partner of aPKCι. Binding is mediated by a FERM/FA domain–kinase domain interaction ('RIPR' motif-dependent), and aPKCι-dependent phosphorylation promotes detachment of FARP2 from aPKCι. FARP2 promotes GTP loading of Cdc42 and is required for efficient epithelial polarisation and tight junction formation. aPKCι acts in a positive feedback loop to drive localised FARP2 GEF activity. Co-immunoprecipitation, phosphorylation assays, Cdc42-GTP pulldown, siRNA knockdown with polarity/junction formation readouts, domain interaction mapping Journal of cell science High 30872454
2020 The KRK motif in the PlxnA4 cytoplasmic domain, which binds FARP2, is required for Sema3A-mediated cortical neuron dendritic elaboration but dispensable for inhibitory axon guidance. FARP2 shows identical functional specificity to the KRK motif. Sema3A activates the small GTPase Rac1 downstream of PlxnA4/FARP2, and Rac1 activity is required for dendrite elaboration but not axon growth cone collapse. This defines a novel modular Sema3A–Nrp1/PlxnA4–FARP2–Rac1 pathway controlling dendritic morphogenesis. CRISPR/Cas9 knock-in mice (PlxnA4 KRK motif mutation), FARP2 knockout, Rac1 activity assays, cortical neuron morphology analysis (dendrite arborization and axon guidance assays) The Journal of neuroscience High 32499377
2009 FARP2 is located in the 2q37.3 chromosomal region deleted in a patient with autism and 2q37 deletion syndrome. Expression analysis of lymphoblastoid cell lines demonstrated that FARP2 is considerably downregulated in the patient compared to family members, suggesting haploinsufficiency of FARP2 may contribute to neuropsychiatric and skeletal phenotypes. Array CGH, FISH, quantitative gene expression analysis in lymphoblastoid cell lines American journal of medical genetics. Part A Low 19365831
2008 Bioinformatics and haplotype analysis narrowed a HDL-cholesterol QTL (Hdlq14) on mouse chromosome 1 to two candidate genes, Farp2 and Stk25. Sequencing revealed an amino acid polymorphism in a pleckstrin homology domain of Farp2 across inbred strains that associates with differences in HDL levels. QTL confirmation by intercross, combined cross data, haplotype analysis, sequencing of Farp2 coding sequence, expression analysis Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology Low 18988887
2020 Systematic RhoGEF/RhoGAP family-wide characterization identified FARP2 as a widely autoinhibited RhoGEF, confirming autoinhibition as a general mechanism enabling local regulation of Rho signalling; FARP2 localization and substrate specificity were catalogued in the context of integrin adhesion-regulated RAC1 signalling. Interactome mapping (AP-MS), localization screens, substrate specificity assays across RhoGEF family Nature cell biology Medium 32203420

Source papers

Stage 0 corpus · 130 papers · ranked by NIH iCite citations
Year Title Journal Citations PMID
2002 Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 1479 12477932
2015 The BioPlex Network: A Systematic Exploration of the Human Interactome. Cell 1118 26186194
2017 Architecture of the human interactome defines protein communities and disease networks. Nature 1085 28514442
2018 VIRMA mediates preferential m6A mRNA methylation in 3'UTR and near stop codon and associates with alternative polyadenylation. Cell discovery 829 29507755
2021 Dual proteome-scale networks reveal cell-specific remodeling of the human interactome. Cell 705 33961781
2011 Phylogenetic-based propagation of functional annotations within the Gene Ontology consortium. Briefings in bioinformatics 656 21873635
2013 Identification of 23 new prostate cancer susceptibility loci using the iCOGS custom genotyping array. Nature genetics 463 23535732
2004 The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome research 438 15489334
2022 OpenCell: Endogenous tagging for the cartography of human cellular organization. Science (New York, N.Y.) 432 35271311
2004 Proteomic, functional, and domain-based analysis of in vivo 14-3-3 binding proteins involved in cytoskeletal regulation and cellular organization. Current biology : CB 386 15324660
2021 A proximity-dependent biotinylation map of a human cell. Nature 339 34079125
2017 Genome-wide CRISPR screen identifies HNRNPL as a prostate cancer dependency regulating RNA splicing. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 282 28611215
2011 Toward an understanding of the protein interaction network of the human liver. Molecular systems biology 207 21988832
2015 A deep proteomics perspective on CRM1-mediated nuclear export and nucleocytoplasmic partitioning. eLife 198 26673895
2020 Systems analysis of RhoGEF and RhoGAP regulatory proteins reveals spatially organized RAC1 signalling from integrin adhesions. Nature cell biology 194 32203420
2005 FARP2 triggers signals for Sema3A-mediated axonal repulsion. Nature neuroscience 186 16286926
2010 Common variants at 2q37.3, 8q24.21, 15q21.3 and 16q24.1 influence chronic lymphocytic leukemia risk. Nature genetics 185 20062064
2013 Genome-wide association study identifies multiple risk loci for chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Nature genetics 173 23770605
2013 Interlaboratory reproducibility of large-scale human protein-complex analysis by standardized AP-MS. Nature methods 170 23455922
2020 UFMylation maintains tumour suppressor p53 stability by antagonizing its ubiquitination. Nature cell biology 168 32807901
1996 Abietadiene synthase from grand fir (Abies grandis). cDNA isolation, characterization, and bacterial expression of a bifunctional diterpene cyclase involved in resin acid biosynthesis. The Journal of biological chemistry 155 8798524
2003 PDZK1: I. a major scaffolder in brush borders of proximal tubular cells. Kidney international 136 14531806
2017 RNA-binding activity of TRIM25 is mediated by its PRY/SPRY domain and is required for ubiquitination. BMC biology 135 29117863
2006 The FUSE/FBP/FIR/TFIIH system is a molecular machine programming a pulse of c-myc expression. The EMBO journal 133 16628215
2019 The Functional Proximal Proteome of Oncogenic Ras Includes mTORC2. Molecular cell 124 30639242
2013 Multiethnic meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies in >100 000 subjects identifies 23 fibrinogen-associated Loci but no strong evidence of a causal association between circulating fibrinogen and cardiovascular disease. Circulation 123 23969696
2018 FIR: Efficacy, Safety, and Biomarker Analysis of a Phase II Open-Label Study of Atezolizumab in PD-L1-Selected Patients With NSCLC. Journal of thoracic oncology : official publication of the International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer 122 29775807
1999 Analysis of nifH gene pool complexity in soil and litter at a Douglas fir forest site in the Oregon cascade mountain range. Applied and environmental microbiology 118 9925556
1998 Terpenoid-based defenses in conifers: cDNA cloning, characterization, and functional expression of wound-inducible (E)-alpha-bisabolene synthase from grand fir (Abies grandis). Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 109 9618485
2000 Abietadiene synthase from grand fir (Abies grandis): characterization and mechanism of action of the "pseudomature" recombinant enzyme. Biochemistry 108 11112547
1998 Prediction of the coding sequences of unidentified human genes. XI. The complete sequences of 100 new cDNA clones from brain which code for large proteins in vitro. DNA research : an international journal for rapid publication of reports on genes and genomes 103 9872452
2004 Activation of Cdc42 by trans interactions of the cell adhesion molecules nectins through c-Src and Cdc42-GEF FRG. The Journal of cell biology 91 15277544
2020 Kinase Interaction Network Expands Functional and Disease Roles of Human Kinases. Molecular cell 88 32707033
2007 Tree water storage and its diurnal dynamics related to sap flow and changes in stem volume in old-growth Douglas-fir trees. Tree physiology 84 17241961
2017 A Single Adaptable Cochaperone-Scaffold Complex Delivers Nascent Iron-Sulfur Clusters to Mammalian Respiratory Chain Complexes I-III. Cell metabolism 78 28380382
2016 Substrate-Trapped Interactors of PHD3 and FIH Cluster in Distinct Signaling Pathways. Cell reports 77 26972000
2018 Effects of Nitrogen and Phosphorus Inputs on Soil Bacterial Abundance, Diversity, and Community Composition in Chinese Fir Plantations. Frontiers in microbiology 73 30072961
2006 CD47 promotes neuronal development through Src- and FRG/Vav2-mediated activation of Rac and Cdc42. The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience 67 17135401
1995 Gastroprotective activity of FRG-8813, a novel histamine H2-receptor antagonist, in rats. Japanese journal of pharmacology 67 7563973
2021 Histone deacetylase inhibitors inhibit cervical cancer growth through Parkin acetylation-mediated mitophagy. Acta pharmaceutica Sinica. B 66 35256949
2017 The Douglas-Fir Genome Sequence Reveals Specialization of the Photosynthetic Apparatus in Pinaceae. G3 (Bethesda, Md.) 66 28751502
2005 Generation and annotation of the DNA sequences of human chromosomes 2 and 4. Nature 66 15815621
2022 Scalable multiplex co-fractionation/mass spectrometry platform for accelerated protein interactome discovery. Nature communications 65 35831314
2008 Community composition of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria and archaea in soils under stands of red alder and Douglas fir in Oregon. Environmental microbiology 64 18393992
2012 Identification and characterization of small non-coding RNAs from Chinese fir by high throughput sequencing. BMC plant biology 61 22894611
2013 The regulation of cambial activity in Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata) involves extensive transcriptome remodeling. The New phytologist 57 23638988
2013 Fir honeydew honey flavonoids inhibit TNF-α-induced MMP-9 expression in human keratinocytes: a new action of honey in wound healing. Archives of dermatological research 57 23812412
2013 The impacts of water stress on phloem transport in Douglas-fir trees. Tree physiology 57 24336611
2010 Molecular basis of FIR-mediated c-myc transcriptional control. Nature structural & molecular biology 57 20711187
2007 Dimerization of FIR upon FUSE DNA binding suggests a mechanism of c-myc inhibition. The EMBO journal 56 18059478
1993 Gastric antisecretory effect of FRG-8813, a new histamine H2 receptor antagonist, in rats and dogs. European journal of pharmacology 54 8099553
2012 De novo characterization of the Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata) transcriptome and analysis of candidate genes involved in cellulose and lignin biosynthesis. BMC genomics 50 23171398
2014 Climate-related genetic variation in drought-resistance of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii). Global change biology 46 25156589
2010 Quantitative characterization of the interactions among c-myc transcriptional regulators FUSE, FBP, and FIR. Biochemistry 43 20420426
2010 Phylogeography of Douglas-fir based on mitochondrial and chloroplast DNA sequences: testing hypotheses from the fossil record. Molecular ecology 41 20374486
2021 Characterization of pectin-xylan-glucan-arabinogalactan proteins complex from Siberian fir Abies sibirica Ledeb. Carbohydrate polymers 39 33712166
2014 Overexpression of far upstream element (FUSE) binding protein (FBP)-interacting repressor (FIR) supports growth of hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.) 39 24824848
1997 The isolation of a novel metallothionein-related cDNA expressed in somatic and zygotic embryos of Douglas-fir: regulation by ABA, osmoticum, and metal ions. Plant molecular biology 38 9207840
1987 Structure of Plant Cell Walls : XIX. Isolation and Characterization of Wall Polysaccharides from Suspension-Cultured Douglas Fir Cells. Plant physiology 38 16665304
2013 A SNP resource for Douglas-fir: de novo transcriptome assembly and SNP detection and validation. BMC genomics 37 23445355
1995 Induced oleoresin biosynthesis in grand fir as a defense against bark beetles. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 37 7753778
1995 A mutation hotspot in the chloroplast genome of a conifer (Douglas-fir: Pseudotsuga) is caused by variability in the number of direct repeats derived from a partially duplicated tRNA gene. Current genetics 36 7553944
1992 A repetitive proline-rich protein from the gymnosperm douglas fir is a hydroxyproline-rich glycoprotein. Plant physiology 36 16668765
2017 Influence of nitrogen and phosphorus additions on N2-fixation activity, abundance, and composition of diazotrophic communities in a Chinese fir plantation. The Science of the total environment 34 29129329
2010 Integral roles of a guanine nucleotide exchange factor, FARP2, in osteoclast podosome rearrangements. FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology 34 20702777
2009 Seasonal changes in abundance and phosphorylation status of photosynthetic proteins in eastern white pine and balsam fir. Tree physiology 34 19203960
2009 FARP2, HDLBP and PASK are downregulated in a patient with autism and 2q37.3 deletion syndrome. American journal of medical genetics. Part A 34 19365831
1994 Regulation of Oleoresinosis in Grand Fir (Abies grandis) (Coordinate Induction of Monoterpene and Diterpene Cyclases and Two Cytochrome P450-Dependent Diterpenoid Hydroxylases by Stem Wounding). Plant physiology 34 12232380
2013 Structural basis for autoinhibition of the guanine nucleotide exchange factor FARP2. Structure (London, England : 1993) 32 23375260
2010 Facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy region gene-1 (FRG-1) is an actin-bundling protein associated with muscle-attachment sites. Journal of cell science 32 20215405
2020 Nitrogen supply enhances the physiological resistance of Chinese fir plantlets under polyethylene glycol (PEG)-induced drought stress. Scientific reports 31 32372028
2020 Modular and Distinct Plexin-A4/FARP2/Rac1 Signaling Controls Dendrite Morphogenesis. The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience 30 32499377
2010 Quantification of nitrogen reductase and nitrite reductase genes in soil of thinned and clear-cut Douglas-fir stands by using real-time PCR. Applied and environmental microbiology 27 20802070
1999 Structure and dynamics of experimentally introduced and naturally occurring laccaria sp. Discrete genotypes in a douglas fir plantation. Applied and environmental microbiology 27 10223992
1990 Expression of cab Genes in Douglas-Fir Is Not Strongly Regulated by Light. Plant physiology 27 16667545
2002 Needle anatomy changes with increasing tree age in Douglas-fir. Tree physiology 25 11830409
1993 Molecular cloning and characterization of a legumin-like storage protein cDNA of Douglas fir seeds. Plant molecular biology 22 8448370
2023 circMMD reduction following tumor treating fields inhibits glioblastoma progression through FUBP1/FIR/DVL1 and miR-15b-5p/FZD6 signaling. Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research : CR 21 36932454
1977 Changes in enzymic activities of nucleoside diphosphate sugar interconversions during differentiation of cambium to xylem in pine and fir. The Biochemical journal 21 192219
2016 Transcriptome responses to temperature, water availability and photoperiod are conserved among mature trees of two divergent Douglas-fir provenances from a coastal and an interior habitat. BMC genomics 20 27565139
2010 Soil microbial communities associated with Douglas-fir and red alder stands at high- and low-productivity forest sites in Oregon, USA. Microbial ecology 20 20449582
2020 An Axiom SNP genotyping array for Douglas-fir. BMC genomics 19 31900111
2011 2-Methoxyestradiol, an endogenous estrogen metabolite, sensitizes radioresistant MCF-7/FIR breast cancer cells through multiple mechanisms. International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics 19 21392897
1996 Structure and expression of a developmentally regulated cDNA encoding a cysteine protease (pseudotzain) from Douglas fir. Gene 19 8682307
1995 Mitochondrial DNA products among RAPD profiles are frequent and strongly differentiated between races of Douglas-fir. Molecular ecology 19 8574443
1987 Alteration of Cell-Wall Water Content and Elasticity in Douglas-Fir during Periods of Water Deficit. Plant physiology 19 16665260
2021 Dissecting the Polygenic Basis of Cold Adaptation Using Genome-Wide Association of Traits and Environmental Data in Douglas-fir. Genes 18 33477542
2020 Soil organic carbon fractions, C-cycling hydrolytic enzymes, and microbial carbon metabolism in Chinese fir plantations. The Science of the total environment 18 33257064
1983 Creatine kinase variants. Report on the workshop conference of the German Society for Clinical Chemistry held on September 19 to 21, 1982 in Tübingen, FRG. Journal of clinical chemistry and clinical biochemistry. Zeitschrift fur klinische Chemie und klinische Biochemie 17 6663246
2021 Covalently linked pectin-arabinoglucuronoxylan complex from Siberian fir Abies sibirica Ledeb. Carbohydrate polymers 16 34893249
2019 Cytological, Biochemical and Molecular Events of the Embryogenic State in Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii [Mirb.]). Frontiers in plant science 16 30873184
2015 Haploinsufficiency of the c-myc transcriptional repressor FIR, as a dominant negative-alternative splicing model, promoted p53-dependent T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia progression by activating Notch1. Oncotarget 16 25671302
2011 Species delimitation and biogeography of two fir species (Abies) in central China: cytoplasmic DNA variation. Heredity 16 21448232
2011 Long-term cryopreservation of Greek fir embryogenic cell lines: recovery, maturation and genetic fidelity. Cryobiology 16 21521636
1992 [Effects of FRG-8813, a new type histamine H2-receptor antagonist, on various experimental gastric and duodenal lesions in rats]. Nihon yakurigaku zasshi. Folia pharmacologica Japonica 16 1356897
1984 Single cell responses of the Douglas-fir beetle,Dendroctonus pseudotsugae hopkins (Coleoptera: Scolytidae), to pheromones and host odors. Journal of chemical ecology 16 24318599
2024 Identifying novel mechanisms of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substance-induced hepatotoxicity using FRG humanized mice. Archives of toxicology 15 38782768
2023 PreS1- targeting chimeric antigen receptor T cells diminish HBV infection in liver humanized FRG mice. Virology 15 37478771
2018 Evaluation of the Antioxidant Capacity, Antimicrobial and Antiproliferative Potential of Fir (Abies alba Mill.) Honeydew Honey Collected from Gorski kotar (Croatia). Food technology and biotechnology 15 30923450
2015 Regulation of liver cell glucose homeostasis by dehydroabietic acid, abietic acid and squalene isolated from balsam fir (Abies balsamea (L.) Mill.) a plant of the Eastern James Bay Cree traditional pharmacopeia. Phytochemistry 15 26164238
1978 Effect of test environment on expression of clines and on delimitation of seed zones in Douglas-fir. TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik 15 24317810
2021 Transcriptome analysis provides insights into the root response of Chinese fir to phosphorus deficiency. BMC plant biology 14 34758730
2019 The Rho family GEF FARP2 is activated by aPKCι to control tight junction formation and polarity. Journal of cell science 14 30872454
2019 Cohnella abietis sp. nov., isolated from Korean fir (Abies koreana) rhizospheric soil of Halla mountain. Journal of microbiology (Seoul, Korea) 14 31463785
2018 Shoot Blight on Chinese Fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata) is Caused by Bipolaris oryzae. Plant disease 14 30673483
2017 Distinct genecological patterns in seedlings of Norway spruce and silver fir from a mountainous landscape. Ecology 14 28052396
2015 Isolation of High-Quality Total RNA from Chinese Fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata (Lamb.) Hook). PloS one 14 26083257
2013 Expression of a conifer COBRA-like gene ClCOBL1 from Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata) alters the leaf architecture in tobacco. Plant physiology and biochemistry : PPB 14 23851362
2008 Farp2 and Stk25 are candidate genes for the HDL cholesterol locus on mouse chromosome 1. Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology 14 18988887
2023 Characterization of the humanized FRG mouse model and development of an AAV-LK03 variant with improved liver lobular biodistribution. Molecular therapy. Methods & clinical development 13 36700121
2013 The effects of throughfall exclusion on xylogenesis of balsam fir. Tree physiology 13 23604743
2000 Effect of FRG-8813, a new-type histamine H(2)-receptor antagonist, on the recurrence of gastric ulcer after healing by drug treatment in rats. Pharmacology 13 10940781
2023 Contrasting transcriptomic patterns reveal a genomic basis for drought resilience in the relict fir Abies pinsapo Boiss. Tree physiology 12 36210755
2019 Silver Fir (Abies alba) Extracts Inhibit Enzymes Involved in Blood Glucose Management and Protect against Oxidative Stress in High Glucose Environment. Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands) 12 30361961
2017 Far infrared ray (FIR) therapy: An effective and oncological safe treatment modality for breast cancer related lymphedema. Journal of photochemistry and photobiology. B, Biology 12 28535427
2014 Troglitazone metabolism and transporter effects in chimeric mice: a comparison between chimeric humanized and chimeric murinized FRG mice. Xenobiotica; the fate of foreign compounds in biological systems 12 24417752
2002 Genetic variation and population structure in central and isolated populations of balsam fir, Abies balsamea (Pinaceae). American journal of botany 12 21665678
2001 Flavin specificity and subunit interaction of Vibrio fischeri general NAD(P)H-flavin oxidoreductase FRG/FRase I. Archives of biochemistry and biophysics 12 11469801
2024 Microplastics in soil affect the growth and physiological characteristics of Chinese fir and Phoebe bournei seedlings. Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987) 11 38977122
2018 Disturbed alternative splicing of FIR (PUF60) directed cyclin E overexpression in esophageal cancers. Oncotarget 11 29796163
2016 Seasonal development of cambial activity in relation to xylem formation in Chinese fir. Journal of plant physiology 11 26986869
2010 Sydowia polyspora associated with current season needle necrosis (CSNN) on true fir (Abies spp.). Fungal biology 11 20943166
1980 Procyanidins (Condensed Tannins) in Green Cell Suspension Cultures of Douglas Fir Compared with Those in Strawberry and Avocado Leaves by Means of C(18)-Reversed-phase Chromatography. Plant physiology 11 16661581
2022 Aluminum-Induced Alterations to the Cell Wall and Antioxidant Enzymes Involved in the Regulation of the Aluminum Tolerance of Chinese Fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata). Frontiers in plant science 10 35574080
2022 Super-resolution imaging of Douglas fir xylem cell wall nanostructure using SRRF microscopy. Plant methods 9 35246172
2022 Metabolite Profiling and Transcriptome Analysis Unveil the Mechanisms of Red-Heart Chinese Fir [Cunninghamia lanceolata (Lamb.) Hook] Heartwood Coloration. Frontiers in plant science 9 35463434
2022 New Composite Materials Made from Rigid/Flexible Polyurethane Foams with Fir Sawdust: Acoustic and Thermal Behavior. Polymers 9 36080718
2022 A real-time PCR for detection of pathogens of anthracnose on Chinese fir using TaqMan probe targeting ApMat gene. Pest management science 9 36310118
2000 Detection of a chitinase-like protein in the roots of Douglas-fir trees infected with Armillaria ostoyae and Phellinus weirii. Tree physiology 9 12651429
2001 Selection effects of air pollution on gene pools of Norway spruce, European silver fir and European beech. Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987) 8 11789921