| 2000 |
The ENO1 gene encodes two protein products via alternative translation initiation: a 48 kDa alpha-enolase localized predominantly in the cytoplasm, and a 37 kDa shorter form (MBP-1) that localizes preferentially to the nucleus, binds the c-myc P2 promoter consensus sequence, and downregulates c-myc transcription as demonstrated by luciferase reporter assay. |
Alternative translation analysis, alpha-enolase/GFP chimera transfection with subcellular localization, luciferase reporter assay with MBP-1 consensus binding sequence |
FEBS letters |
High |
10802057
|
| 2010 |
MBP-1 is encoded by an alternatively transcribed mRNA from intron III of the ENO1 gene (not solely by alternative translation of the full-length ENO1 mRNA). This MBP-1 transcript is 17.8-fold more efficient for MBP-1 protein production than the ENO1 transcript. MBP-1 protein stability is regulated by proteasomal degradation (stabilized by MG132). Hypoxia significantly increases transcriptional activation of the MBP-1 gene. |
MBP-1 promoter-driven luciferase reporter assays, biochemical cell fractionation with RT-PCR, coupled transcription/translation reactions, proteasome inhibitor (MG132) treatment |
The FEBS journal |
High |
20849415
|
| 2021 |
ENO1 functions as an RNA-binding protein that recruits the deadenylase CNOT6 to accelerate mRNA decay of iron regulatory protein 1 (IRP1) in hepatocellular carcinoma cells. This leads to inhibition of mitoferrin-1 (Mfrn1) expression and subsequent repression of mitochondrial iron-induced ferroptosis. |
RNA immunoprecipitation, in vitro and in vivo experiments, RNA decay assays, functional knockdown/overexpression with ferroptosis readouts |
Nature cancer |
High |
35121990
|
| 2023 |
ENO1, acting as an RNA-binding protein, binds to cytosine-uracil-guanine-rich elements of YAP1 mRNA to promote its translation, thereby activating arachidonic acid metabolism via the YAP1/PLCB1/HPGD axis and subsequent prostaglandin E2 accumulation, which drives hepatocellular carcinoma progression. |
RNA immunoprecipitation, mRNA translation assays, in vitro and in vivo functional experiments, clinical sample analysis |
Nature chemical biology |
High |
37500770
|
| 2021 |
ENO1 promotes lung cancer metastasis by interacting with hepatocyte growth factor receptor (HGFR) and activating HGFR and Wnt signaling via increased phosphorylation of HGFR and the Wnt co-receptor LRP5/6. This decreases GSK3β activity via Src-PI3K-AKT signaling and inactivates the β-catenin destruction complex, ultimately upregulating SLUG and β-catenin to drive EMT. |
Co-immunoprecipitation, phosphorylation assays, knockdown/overexpression with phenotypic readouts, orthotopic and tail-vein injection mouse models, anti-ENO1 antibody functional studies |
Cancer research |
High |
34145039
|
| 2017 |
ENO1 controls alphav/beta3 integrin expression in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) cells. ENO1 silencing downregulates alphav/beta3 integrin, increases RGD-independent adhesion to vitronectin via uPAR, triggers ERK1-2 and RAC activation, ROS accumulation, and cellular senescence. Anti-uPAR antibody reduces ROS and senescence in ENO1-silenced cells. |
shRNA-mediated ENO1 silencing, confocal microscopy, atomic force microscopy, functional adhesion/invasion assays, mouse xenograft model |
Journal of hematology & oncology |
High |
28086938
|
| 2015 |
FBXW7 physically binds to ENO1 and targets it for ubiquitin-mediated proteasomal degradation, thereby suppressing ENO1-induced lactate production, cell proliferation, and migration in colorectal cancer. |
Co-immunoprecipitation, ubiquitination assay, 2D protein electrophoresis/mass spectrometry, Western blotting, functional cell assays |
Laboratory investigation |
High |
26097998
|
| 2022 |
PRMT6 methylates ENO1 at R9 and R372: R9 methylation promotes active ENO1 dimer formation and R372 methylation promotes 2-phosphoglycerate (2-PG) substrate binding to ENO1, thereby increasing glycolytic activity in lung cancer cells. |
In vitro methylation assays, mutational analysis of methylation sites, enzymatic activity assays, glycolysis flux measurements |
Acta pharmaceutica Sinica. B |
High |
36815049
|
| 2023 |
PRMT5 symmetrically dimethylates ENO1 at arginine 9 (R9) to promote active ENO1 dimer formation, increasing glycolysis flux and accelerating ovarian cancer tumor growth. PRMT5 signals high glucose to increase ENO1 methylation. |
In vitro dimethylation assays, co-immunoprecipitation, ENO1 dimerization assays, glycolysis flux measurement, knockdown/inhibitor studies in vitro and in vivo |
MedComm |
High |
36999124
|
| 2021 |
Lysine crotonylation (Kcr) of ENO1 is elevated in colorectal cancer. CBP (CREB-binding protein) functions as the crotonyltransferase writing K420 crotonylation on ENO1, and SIRT2 acts as the decrotonylase. ENO1 K420 Kcr enhances ENO1 enzymatic activity and promotes cancer cell growth, migration, and invasion. |
Mass spectrometry-based crotonylomics, in vitro crotonylation assay, site-directed mutagenesis at K420, functional cell assays |
Biochemical and biophysical research communications |
High |
34547627
|
| 2022 |
NEDD4L (an E3 ubiquitin ligase) binds ENO1 and promotes its ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation, thereby suppressing glycolysis and cell proliferation in oral squamous cell carcinoma. ENO1 overexpression reverses NEDD4L-mediated suppression. |
UbiBrowser computational prediction validated by Co-IP, ubiquitination assay, rescue experiments with ENO1 overexpression, in vivo mouse tumor model |
Cancer biology & therapy |
Medium |
35316145
|
| 2020 |
USP46, a deubiquitinating enzyme, directly stabilizes ENO1 protein by removing ubiquitin modifications, thereby promoting ESCC cell migration, invasion, and metastasis via the EMT process. |
Co-immunoprecipitation, deubiquitination assay, knockdown functional studies, in vivo metastasis model |
Experimental cell research |
Medium |
32707136
|
| 2024 |
USP21 directly interacts with and deubiquitinates ENO1 through K48-linked deubiquitination, stabilizing ENO1 protein to promote aerobic glycolysis and cholangiocarcinoma cell proliferation. |
Co-immunoprecipitation, ubiquitination/deubiquitination assay, in vitro and in vivo functional assays |
International journal of biological sciences |
Medium |
38385089
|
| 2022 |
The m6A methyltransferase METTL3 methylates ENO1 mRNA at adenosine 359 (359A), which facilitates binding of the m6A reader YTHDF1 to ENO1 mRNA, resulting in enhanced ENO1 translation and increased glycolysis in lung adenocarcinoma. |
m6A site mapping, RNA immunoprecipitation, YTHDF1-ENO1 mRNA interaction assay, translation efficiency measurement, in vitro and in vivo functional assays |
Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research |
High |
35078505
|
| 2021 |
C5aR1-positive neutrophil-secreted IL1β and TNFα activate ERK1/2 signaling, which phosphorylates WTAP at serine 341 to stabilize WTAP protein. Stabilized WTAP promotes m6A methylation of ENO1 mRNA, enhancing ENO1 expression and breast cancer glycolysis. |
m6A methylation assay, WTAP phosphorylation assay, RNA immunoprecipitation, in vitro and in vivo functional assays, co-culture models |
Cell death & disease |
Medium |
34312368
|
| 2024 |
The NSUN2/YBX1 axis writes and reads m5C modification on ENO1 mRNA respectively: NSUN2 methylates ENO1 mRNA (m5C writer) and YBX1 reads m5C on ENO1 mRNA to upregulate ENO1 expression in an m5C-dependent manner, promoting glucose metabolism reprogramming in colorectal cancer. Lactic acid derived from cancer cells activates NSUN2 transcription via H3K18 lactylation and induces NSUN2 K356 lactylation to enhance target RNA capture. |
m5C methylation assays, RNA immunoprecipitation, chromatin immunoprecipitation, Co-IP, functional rescue experiments |
Advanced science |
Medium |
38769664
|
| 2024 |
RBM15/METTL3 complex enhances m6A modification at the 359A site of ENO1 mRNA, promoting ENO1 protein translation efficiency in a YTHDF1-dependent manner in bladder cancer. TGF-β activates RBM15/METTL3 via Smad2/3. ENO1 in turn augments PCNA protein stability by reducing K48-linked ubiquitination of PCNA, preventing its ER-associated degradation. |
m6A site mapping, RNA immunoprecipitation, co-immunoprecipitation, ubiquitination assay, in vitro and in vivo functional assays |
Cancer letters |
Medium |
38823761
|
| 2020 |
Exosome-derived ENO1 can be transferred between hepatocellular carcinoma cells via exosome-mediated crosstalk. Transferred ENO1 upregulates integrin α6β4 expression and activates the FAK/Src-p38MAPK pathway in recipient cells, promoting HCC growth and metastasis. |
Exosome isolation and transfer experiments, Western blotting, Co-IP, functional invasion/migration assays, in vivo xenograft model |
Cell death & disease |
Medium |
33184263
|
| 2018 |
WBP2 interacts with ENO1 (identified by MS/GST pulldown) and modulates ENO1 glycolysis activity via the ENO1-PI3K/Akt signaling pathway to promote glioma cell proliferation and migration. |
MS/GST pulldown assay, Co-immunoprecipitation, knockdown functional studies, in vitro and in vivo glioma models |
Cell death & disease |
Medium |
29497031
|
| 2020 |
FGFRL1 physically interacts with ENO1 and regulates ENO1 expression and downstream PI3K/Akt signaling in small-cell lung cancer, mediating chemoresistance. |
Co-immunoprecipitation, knockdown/overexpression functional studies, signaling pathway analysis |
Journal of cellular and molecular medicine |
Low |
31957179
|
| 2015 |
ENO1 and PDIA3 are required for Wnt/β-catenin-driven trans-differentiation of murine alveolar type II epithelial cells to type I cells. siRNA-mediated knockdown of ENO1 in primary ATII cells reduces T1α (ATI cell marker) expression, indicating diminished trans-differentiation. ENO1 expression increases during ATII-to-ATI trans-differentiation and is decreased upon pharmacological Wnt/β-catenin inhibition. |
Proteomics/mass spectrometry, siRNA knockdown, immunoblotting, primary cell culture, in vivo bleomycin lung injury model |
Disease models & mechanisms |
Medium |
26035385
|
| 2008 |
Retinoic acid (RA) dephosphorylates the ENO1-A1 phosphoprotein isoform in follicular thyroid carcinoma cells, leading to downregulation of ENO1/MBP-1 gene products. RA-mediated and siRNA-mediated knockdown of ENO1/MBP-1 both reduce MYC oncoprotein levels and decrease proliferation of thyroid carcinoma cells. |
2D-DIGE, mass spectrometry, Western blotting, siRNA knockdown, proliferation assays |
Journal of molecular endocrinology |
Medium |
19060179
|
| 2020 |
Cinnamaldehyde (CA) covalently binds to ENO1 protein, destabilizes ENO1, and inhibits its glycolytic activity. Target identification was performed by chemical biology methods using an alkynyl-CA probe, molecular imaging, and live cell tracing. |
Activity-based protein profiling with alkynyl-CA probe, molecular imaging, live cell tracing, glycolysis assays, in vivo melanoma model |
Cancers |
Medium |
32013122
|
| 2024 |
Chlorogenic acid (CGA) covalently binds to ENO1 (identified by activity-based protein profiling) and suppresses ENO1 enzymatic activity, blocking the glycolytic pathway and thereby preventing UVA-induced cellular senescence in human dermal fibroblasts. |
Activity-based protein profiling (ABPP), co-immunoprecipitation, ENO1 activity assay, glycolysis measurement, photoaging mouse model with proteomics |
Aging cell |
Medium |
39741388
|
| 2025 |
Interleukin 1 receptor 2 (IL1R2) physically binds ENO1 in macrophages and suppresses its enzymatic activity, thereby inhibiting glycolysis, GSDMD-mediated pyroptosis, and inflammation. IL1R2-deficient mice show heightened sepsis susceptibility that is partially rescued by ENO1 inhibition. |
Proteomic screening, co-immunoprecipitation, ENO1 enzymatic activity assay, genetic mouse models (IL1R2 KO), ENO1 inhibitor treatment, in vivo sepsis model |
Advanced science |
High |
40704655
|
| 2023 |
ENO1 binds to the 3'UTR of KLF2 mRNA to stabilize it, increasing KLF2 protein expression and suppressing NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated pyroptosis. ENO1 also binds to the 3'UTR of FUS mRNA to promote FUS expression and circFndc3b cyclization. This was identified in the context of exercise-induced neuroprotection in stroke. |
RNA immunoprecipitation, mRNA stability assay, functional knockdown/overexpression experiments, in vivo MCAO mouse model |
Advanced science |
Medium |
39467260
|
| 2022 |
ENO1 binds to ApoC3 (apolipoprotein C-III) in oral squamous cell carcinoma cells (identified by MS/GST pulldown). This interaction elicits IL-8 production; IL-8 activates STAT3 signaling in T cells, promoting T cell apoptosis and inhibiting T cell proliferation. |
MS/GST pulldown assay, cytokine antibody assay, co-culture experiments, Western blot for STAT3/p-STAT3 |
International journal of molecular sciences |
Low |
36361568
|
| 2024 |
ENO1 acts as an RNA-binding protein in gastric cancer cells, stabilizing the mRNAs of SOX9, VEGFA, GPRC5A, and MCL1 by binding to them, and interacting with NEAT1, LINC00511, CD44, and PKM2 to regulate their expression, thereby promoting cell proliferation, migration, and inhibiting apoptosis. |
RNA immunoprecipitation sequencing (RIP-seq), RNA sequencing, bioinformatics analysis |
Journal of gastrointestinal oncology |
Medium |
37201055
|
| 2020 |
ENO1 promotes lung cancer stem cell self-renewal and invasion by inactivating the AMPK pathway and activating the mTOR pathway. ENO1 was identified as the cell-surface target antigen of monoclonal antibody 12C7 by LC-MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry and immunoprecipitation. |
LC-MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry, immunoprecipitation, immunofluorescence, RNA-seq, KEGG pathway analysis, immunoblot for AMPK/mTOR pathway |
Stem cell research & therapy |
Medium |
33579362
|
| 2024 |
UCHL3 deubiquitinase stabilizes ENO1 protein through its deubiquitinating enzyme activity in TP53-mutant colorectal cancer. The JAK2-STAT3 pathway controls UCHL3 expression; pacritinib (JAK2 inhibitor) suppresses UCHL3, reducing ENO1 stability and glycolysis. |
Co-immunoprecipitation, deubiquitination assay, knockdown/overexpression, in vitro and in vivo functional assays, pharmacological inhibition |
Acta pharmaceutica Sinica. B |
Medium |
40487654
|
| 2023 |
ENO1 upregulates PD-L1 expression in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cells through the HIF-1α signaling pathway, thereby preventing CD8+ T cell infiltration and promoting immune evasion. |
CRISPR/Cas9 ENO1 knockout, flow cytometry, in vivo mouse PDAC models, mechanistic pathway analysis |
Translational oncology |
Medium |
39752908
|
| 2019 |
ENO1 silencing in ENO1-deleted glioma cells establishes the concept of collateral lethality: small-molecule enolase inhibitor POMHEX selectively kills ENO1-deleted glioma cells and eradicates intracranial orthotopic ENO1-deleted tumors in mice, demonstrating ENO1 as a glycolytic enzyme whose loss creates dependency on ENO2. |
In vitro cell killing assays, intracranial orthotopic xenograft mouse model, pharmacokinetic studies in non-human primates |
Nature metabolism |
High |
33230295
|
| 2022 |
ENO1 promotes OSCC tumor cell migration and invasion through a dual mechanism: (1) tumor cell-derived lactic acid (produced via ENO1-mediated glycolysis) activates macrophages to secrete IL-6, and (2) paracrine ENO1 signals through TLR4 on macrophages to further stimulate IL-6 secretion. IL-6 in turn promotes tumor cell EMT and invasion in a positive feedback loop. |
siRNA knockdown, recombinant ENO1 stimulation, conditioned medium experiments, cytokine measurement, EMT marker analysis |
International journal of molecular sciences |
Medium |
36614179
|
| 2023 |
Extracellular ENO1 (surface or secreted form) enhances glycolysis by upregulating HIF-1α and glycolysis-related gene expression in multiple myeloma cells. ENO1-specific monoclonal antibody blocks these extracellular ENO1-mediated effects and reduces tumor growth in an MM xenograft model. |
ENO1 knockdown, addition of recombinant extracellular ENO1 protein, HIF-1α silencing, glycolysis assays, Seahorse analysis, in vivo MM xenograft model with ENO1 mAb |
Oncology reports |
Medium |
37800625
|
| 2023 |
In hepatic stellate cells, the FAK/Ras/c-myc/ENO1 pathway promotes aerobic glycolysis and liver fibrosis. Chromatin immunoprecipitation and dual-luciferase reporter assays validated that c-myc binds the ENO1 promoter to drive ENO1 transcription in this context. |
ChIP, dual-luciferase reporter assay, FRNK knockout mouse model, in vitro LX-2 cell experiments, glycolysis measurements |
World journal of gastroenterology |
Medium |
35125823
|
| 2024 |
ENO1 mRNA is acetylated at N4-cytidine (ac4C) by NAT10 (N-acetyltransferase 10), which enhances ENO1 mRNA stability and translation. NAT10 inhibition reduces ac4C levels on ENO1 mRNA, decreasing ENO1 expression and thereby inhibiting glycolysis and promoting apoptosis in NSCLC cells. |
ac4C-RNA immunoprecipitation (acRIP), dual-luciferase reporter assay, ENO1 overexpression rescue experiments, glycolysis and apoptosis assays |
BMC pulmonary medicine |
Medium |
39948547
|
| 2022 |
The lncRNA AL355338 directly binds ENO1 protein, enhances its stability by modulating ubiquitination and degradation, and enables ENO1/EGFR complex formation to activate EGFR-AKT signaling and promote NSCLC glycolysis and progression. |
RNA pull-down, mass spectrometry, RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP), co-immunoprecipitation, in situ proximity ligation assay, ubiquitination assay |
Cancer cell international |
Medium |
34627260
|
| 2023 |
ENO1 promotes hypoxia-induced ERK phosphorylation in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cells, thereby inhibiting apoptosis and promoting tumor survival and invasion. Under hypoxic conditions, CoCl2-treated ENO1-knockdown cells show elevated caspase-3 and increased apoptosis, reversing the hypoxia-induced ERK signaling. |
Transcriptomic sequencing, ENO1 knockdown, ERK phosphorylation assay, apoptosis assay, in vivo PDAC hindlimb ischemia model |
Cancer biology & medicine |
Medium |
36476328
|
| 2024 |
ENO1 deletion in colorectal cancer cells inactivates AKT/STAT3 signaling, which leads to decreased glycolysis and enhanced ferroptosis. AKT activator SC79 partially reverses the effects of ENO1 deficiency on glycolysis, proliferation, and ferroptosis, placing ENO1 upstream of the AKT/STAT3 axis. |
CRISPR-based ENO1 knockdown, AKT activator rescue (SC79), glycolysis measurement, ferroptosis markers, cell proliferation assays |
Experimental and therapeutic medicine |
Medium |
38414789
|
| 2023 |
ENO1 promotes gemcitabine resistance in pancreatic cancer by maintaining expression of YAP1 (a Hippo pathway effector), which promotes autophagy and protects cells from gemcitabine-induced apoptosis. YAP1 overexpression attenuates the inhibitory effects of ENO1 silencing. |
ENO1 knockdown, YAP1 overexpression rescue, autophagy assays (TEM, flow cytometry), in vivo tumor growth model, immunoblot |
Molecular carcinogenesis |
Medium |
38517039
|
| 2021 |
CircNFKB1 physically interacts with ENO1, and this interaction regulates expression of the parental gene NFKB1 to sustain NF-κB signaling pathway activation in chondrocytes, promoting osteoarthritis progression. |
circRNA sequencing, RNA pulldown, co-immunoprecipitation, NF-κB signaling assays, intra-articular injection mouse model |
Cell death & disease |
Medium |
35945200
|
| 2024 |
LINC00520 lncRNA binds ENO1 protein and blocks FBXW7-mediated ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation of ENO1, thereby stabilizing ENO1 to promote glycolysis and cisplatin resistance in osteosarcoma. |
Co-immunoprecipitation, ubiquitination assay, rescue experiments, in vitro and in vivo functional assays |
Cancer letters |
Medium |
39168299
|
| 2019 |
ENO1 expression promotes β-catenin expression in bladder cancer cells. Ectopic β-catenin overexpression rescues proliferation impaired by ENO1 knockdown, and β-catenin knockdown phenocopies ENO1 knockdown, establishing ENO1 as an upstream regulator of β-catenin in bladder cancer. |
Lentivirus-mediated knockdown and overexpression, β-catenin rescue experiments, double knockdown, cell proliferation/growth assays |
Bioscience reports |
Low |
31431517
|
| 2023 |
Targeting endothelial ENO1 via siRNA or inhibitor restores hypoxia-induced endothelial dysfunction (excessive proliferation, angiogenesis, adhesion). RNA-seq showed ENO1 targets mitochondrion-related genes and the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway in endothelial cells. Adeno-associated virus overexpressing ENO1 worsens hypoxic pulmonary hypertension. |
siRNA knockdown, ENO1 inhibitor, AAV-ENO1 delivery in vivo, RNA-seq, Seahorse mitochondrial function analysis, mouse pulmonary hypertension model |
Hypertension |
Medium |
37075135
|
| 2024 |
Disturbed shear stress (DS) induces ENO1 expression in vascular endothelial cells. ENO1 silencing represses DS- and TGF-β-induced endothelial inflammation and endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT). ENO1 is highly expressed in ECs at the proatherogenic inner curvature of the mouse aortic arch in vivo. |
Single-cell RNA sequencing, pseudotime trajectory analysis, ENO1 siRNA knockdown with shear stress/TGF-β stimulation, in vivo mouse aortic arch analysis |
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences |
Medium |
38261622
|
| 2021 |
ENO1 promotes invasion and metastasis in Burkitt lymphoma by acting as a plasminogen receptor that recruits plasminogen (PLG), promoting plasmin generation and TGF-β1 activation, which activates PI3K-AKT and EMT signaling pathways. A natural compound (Ciwujianoside E/L-06) disrupts the ENO1-PLG interaction and reduces tumor growth. |
RNA interference, Co-IP/ENO1-PLG interaction assay, plasmin activity assay, TGF-β1 activation measurement, in vitro and in vivo functional assays |
Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy |
Medium |
38897160
|
| 2023 |
ENO1, acting as an RNA-binding protein, binds to the 3'UTR of Klf2 mRNA to stabilize it; KMT5A (H4K20 methyltransferase) and RFX1 transcription factor associate with the ENO1 promoter to regulate its transcription in diabetic nephropathy. High glucose downregulates KMT5A and increases RFX1, leading to elevated ENO1 expression and endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition. |
ChIP, promoter activity assay, siRNA knockdown, Co-immunoprecipitation between KMT5A and RFX1, in vivo DN mouse and patient samples |
International journal of biological sciences |
Medium |
34803485
|