Affinage

ANLN

Anillin · UniProt Q9NQW6

Length
1124 aa
Mass
124.2 kDa
Annotated
2026-04-28
100 papers in source corpus 31 papers cited in narrative 31 extracted findings

Mechanistic narrative

Synthesis pass · prose summary of the discoveries below

ANLN (anillin) is a multidomain scaffold protein that orchestrates cytokinesis by integrating contractile ring assembly, cortical signaling, and membrane anchoring at the cleavage furrow. Its N-terminal actin-binding domain contains three distinct actin-binding sites that bundle F-actin filaments in both parallel and antiparallel orientations (PMID:7559773, PMID:28147230, PMID:31853940), while separate domains directly bind nonmuscle myosin II (regulated by myosin light chain phosphorylation), active RhoA-GTP (via a C-terminal Rhotekin-homology domain), septins (via the PH domain and PI(4,5)P2 binding), plasma membrane phospholipids (via a cryptic C2 domain and PH domain), and centralspindlin/RacGAP (linking the contractile ring to the central spindle) (PMID:15496454, PMID:18158243, PMID:22197245, PMID:25959226, PMID:18158242, PMID:35477750). Anillin is sequestered in the nucleus during interphase by importin-β2 binding to an atypical NLS, and its equatorial recruitment at anaphase is controlled by RhoA-GTP-dependent conformational changes, S635 phosphorylation, and Ran-GTP-regulated importin interactions, while its protein stability is governed by USP10-mediated deubiquitination opposing APC/C-Cdh1-dependent degradation (PMID:25829492, PMID:28931593, PMID:28081137, PMID:36526897). Outside cytokinesis, anillin localizes to epithelial cell-cell junctions where it stabilizes Rho-GTP distribution and the perijunctional actomyosin belt to maintain tight and adherens junction integrity, and the ANLN R431C mutation causes focal segmental glomerulosclerosis through disrupted podocyte CD2AP interaction and hyperactivation of PI3K/mTOR signaling (PMID:24835458, PMID:25809162, PMID:24676636, PMID:30002222).

Mechanistic history

Synthesis pass · year-by-year structured walk · 16 steps
  1. 1995 High

    The discovery that Drosophila anillin directly binds and bundles actin filaments and concentrates at the cleavage furrow established it as a core cytoskeletal organizer of cytokinesis, resolving the identity of a furrow-enriched actin-binding protein.

    Evidence Actin filament chromatography, cosedimentation, and immunofluorescence of Drosophila embryos

    PMID:7559773

    Open questions at the time
    • Mammalian homolog not yet characterized
    • Binding partners beyond actin unknown
    • Mechanism of nuclear-cytoplasmic shuttling unresolved
  2. 2000 High

    Characterization of human anillin showed that it cycles between nucleus and cleavage furrow and that its PH domain recruits septins, establishing that anillin functions as a multi-domain scaffold rather than a simple actin-bundler.

    Evidence GFP-fusion localization, cosedimentation, and anti-anillin antibody microinjection in human cells

    PMID:10931866

    Open questions at the time
    • Myosin II interaction not yet demonstrated
    • RhoA connection unknown
    • Molecular basis of nuclear import undefined
  3. 2004 High

    Demonstration that anillin directly binds nonmuscle myosin II in a phosphorylation-dependent manner, and that its depletion causes cytokinesis failure, established anillin as a coordinator of actomyosin contractility rather than just an actin-bundling protein.

    Evidence Direct binding assay with phosphorylated myosin light chain, RNAi in Drosophila and human cells

    PMID:15496454

    Open questions at the time
    • Upstream Rho pathway connection to anillin not defined
    • How myosin regulation is spatially restricted unknown
  4. 2005 High

    Genetic analysis of Drosophila anillin (scraps) PH domain alleles demonstrated that the PH domain is required for septin recruitment to the furrow, defining a specific domain-to-function link for septin organization.

    Evidence Loss-of-function alleles in Drosophila embryo cellularization

    PMID:15930114

    Open questions at the time
    • Lipid specificity of PH domain not identified
    • Whether PH domain directly binds septins or acts indirectly unknown
  5. 2007 High

    Two concurrent studies revealed that anillin directly binds active RhoA-GTP through a Rhotekin-homologous C-terminal domain and directly binds centralspindlin/RacGAP, answering how the contractile ring is physically linked to both the Rho signaling axis and the central spindle.

    Evidence Direct binding assays for RhoA-anillin and RacGAP-anillin in vitro, RNAi epistasis in Drosophila and human cells

    PMID:18158242 PMID:18158243

    Open questions at the time
    • Structural basis of RhoA-anillin interaction unresolved
    • How anillin integrates RhoA binding with actin/myosin scaffolding in a single complex unclear
  6. 2008 High

    Pharmacological and genetic dissection showed that anillin equatorial localization can persist independently of F-actin and myosin, revealing a Rho/septin-dependent membrane-targeting pathway that operates in parallel to the actin-based pathway.

    Evidence Latrunculin A treatment, RNAi, and AP-MS in Drosophila S2 cells

    PMID:18209105 PMID:18349071

    Open questions at the time
    • Relative contributions of actin-dependent vs. Rho/septin-dependent pathways during normal cytokinesis unquantified
    • How microtubule-end association is mediated molecularly unknown
  7. 2010 High

    Discovery that anillin directly binds formin mDia2's DID domain, competing with autoinhibition, revealed how anillin recruits actin polymerization machinery to the cleavage furrow.

    Evidence Pulldown assays, RNAi depletion and rescue in human cells

    PMID:20660154

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether mDia2-anillin interaction occurs simultaneously with RhoA binding to anillin unknown
    • Structural details of the interaction unresolved
  8. 2011 High

    Identification of PI(4,5)P2 as the specific PH domain lipid ligand and of citron kinase as an upstream RhoA regulator interacting with anillin defined two additional molecular inputs that position anillin at the furrow membrane and regulate late cytokinesis, respectively.

    Evidence Lipid-binding assays with PH domain mutagenesis and PI(4,5)P2 depletion; co-immunoprecipitation and epistasis with citron kinase

    PMID:21849473 PMID:22197245

    Open questions at the time
    • How PH domain simultaneously binds PI(4,5)P2 and septins mechanistically unresolved
    • Kinase that phosphorylates anillin to regulate citron kinase interaction unknown
  9. 2014 High

    Crystal structures of anillin's C-terminal region uncovered a cryptic C2 domain that cooperates with the RhoA-binding and PH domains for synergistic membrane and RhoA anchoring, providing the first structural framework for understanding anillin's multivalent furrow attachment.

    Evidence X-ray crystallography combined with functional mutagenesis

    PMID:25959226

    Open questions at the time
    • Full-length structural model lacking
    • Conformational dynamics during furrow assembly not characterized
  10. 2014 High

    Multiple studies in 2014 expanded anillin's function beyond cytokinesis: it stabilizes junctional Rho-GTP to maintain epithelial barrier integrity, interacts with p190RhoGAP-A to modulate RhoA levels at the furrow, and interacts with CD2AP in podocytes where the ANLN R431C mutation causes focal segmental glomerulosclerosis.

    Evidence Morpholino knockdown with RhoA biosensor imaging in Xenopus; co-IP and mutagenesis of p190RhoGAP-anillin; ANLN R431C binding assays and zebrafish glomerular phenotyping

    PMID:24676636 PMID:24835458 PMID:25359885

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether junctional and cytokinetic functions use identical interaction interfaces unknown
    • Full signaling pathway from ANLN R431C to FSGS pathology incomplete
  11. 2015 High

    Identification of importin-β2 as the carrier that sequesters anillin in the nucleus during interphase via an atypical NLS explained how anillin's potent cortical scaffolding activity is temporally restricted to mitosis.

    Evidence NLS motif identification, Ran-dependent importin binding assay, localization analysis in human cells

    PMID:25829492

    Open questions at the time
    • How NLS accessibility is regulated during anaphase onset not fully defined
    • Whether other importins contribute unknown
  12. 2017 High

    Discovery that S635 phosphorylation is required for anillin's anaphase cortical recruitment, and that Ran-GTP/importin gradients spatially restrict anillin through NLS-importin interactions that are autoinhibited by RhoA-GTP binding, unified the phosphorylation and Ran-gradient models of anillin regulation.

    Evidence Systematic phosphosite mutagenesis with phosphospecific antibody and live imaging; Ran-GTP manipulation with importin binding assays

    PMID:28081137 PMID:28931593

    Open questions at the time
    • Identity of kinase(s) phosphorylating S635 not determined
    • Quantitative contribution of Ran gradient vs. RhoA to cortical targeting unclear
  13. 2017 High

    Mapping of three distinct actin-binding sites (ABS1-3) within anillin's N-terminus, each contacting different F-actin surfaces with mutually exclusive binding modes, explained how anillin generates diverse bundling architectures.

    Evidence In vitro binding assays, electron microscopy of recombinant fragments, depletion-rescue in Drosophila S2 cells

    PMID:28147230

    Open questions at the time
    • How ABS switching is regulated in vivo unknown
    • Structural basis at atomic resolution lacking
  14. 2019 High

    Single-molecule visualization confirmed that individual anillin monomers crosslink actin filaments at ~8 nm spacing in both orientations, while laser ablation experiments in Xenopus showed anillin structures the medial-apical actomyosin network to set epithelial tissue tension.

    Evidence TIRF single-molecule imaging and hs-AFM; laser ablation and AFM in Xenopus embryos

    PMID:30702429 PMID:31853940

    Open questions at the time
    • How bundling geometry relates to force generation in contractile rings not established
    • Whether tissue-level mechanical role depends on the same actin-binding sites as cytokinetic function untested
  15. 2022 High

    Three studies revealed that USP10-mediated deubiquitination stabilizes anillin protein levels against APC/C-Cdh1-driven degradation, that anillin scaffolds the PLK1-RACGAP1 interaction to promote RhoA activation, and that CIN85 mediates a second septin-anillin interaction involving SEPT9-containing filaments, distinguishing it from the PH-domain-SEPT11 interaction.

    Evidence In vitro deubiquitination and ubiquitin-linkage analysis; co-IP and phosphorylation assays with in vivo HCC model; direct binding assays distinguishing two septin populations

    PMID:35477750 PMID:36044846 PMID:36526897

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether USP10-ANLN axis is cell-cycle regulated unknown
    • How PLK1-RACGAP1 scaffolding is coordinated with anillin's other binding partners unresolved
    • Structural basis of CIN85-anillin-SEPT9 vs. PH-SEPT11 selectivity not determined
  16. 2023 Medium

    Discovery that nuclear anillin forms a transcriptional complex with SP1 to activate KIF2C expression links anillin to a gene-regulatory role beyond cytoskeletal scaffolding.

    Evidence ChIP assay and transcriptional activity assays in hepatocellular carcinoma cells

    PMID:36923927

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether SP1-ANLN transcriptional function operates in non-cancer contexts unknown
    • Direct DNA-binding by ANLN not demonstrated
    • Independent replication of transcriptional function needed

Open questions

Synthesis pass · forward-looking unresolved questions
  • Key unresolved questions include: the identity of the kinase(s) phosphorylating S635, a full-length structural model of anillin, how anillin simultaneously engages its many partners in a single complex at the furrow, and whether its junctional and transcriptional roles use fundamentally different interaction surfaces than its cytokinetic role.
  • Full-length atomic structure absent
  • S635 kinase identity unknown
  • Stoichiometry and architecture of multi-partner complexes at the furrow unresolved
  • Physiological significance of nuclear transcriptional function in normal tissues untested

Mechanism profile

Synthesis pass · controlled-vocabulary classification · explore literature graph →
Molecular activity
GO:0008092 cytoskeletal protein binding 6 GO:0060090 molecular adaptor activity 4 GO:0008289 lipid binding 2 GO:0140110 transcription regulator activity 1
Localization
GO:0005886 plasma membrane 5 GO:0005634 nucleus 4 GO:0005856 cytoskeleton 4
Pathway
R-HSA-1640170 Cell Cycle 7 R-HSA-1500931 Cell-Cell communication 3
Partners
CD2APDIAPH3MYH9RACGAP1RHOASEPT11SEPT9USP10
Complex memberships
ANLN-RACGAP1-PLK1 complexAnillin-septin ringUSP10-ANLN-APC/C-Cdh1 regulatory complex

Evidence

Reading pass · 31 per-paper findings extracted from the source corpus
Year Finding Method Journal Conf PMIDs
1995 Anillin (Drosophila) directly binds actin filaments and bundles them; the actin-binding domain was mapped to a 244-amino acid region by bacterial expression of protein fragments. Anillin localizes to the nucleus during interphase and is enriched in the cleavage furrow during anaphase-telophase along with myosin II. Actin filament chromatography, in vitro cosedimentation, bacterial expression of domain fragments, immunofluorescence microscopy The Journal of cell biology High 7559773
2000 Human anillin localizes to the nucleus during interphase, the cortex after nuclear envelope breakdown, and the cleavage furrow during cytokinesis. The C-terminal PH domain is required for cortical localization and recruits the septin Hcdc10 to ectopic cortical foci; the N-terminal actin-binding domain (defined by in vitro cosedimentation) is also required for robust cleavage furrow localization. Microinjection of anti-anillin antibodies slows cleavage and causes furrow regression and multinucleation. Immunofluorescence, GFP fusion localization, in vitro cosedimentation, microinjection of antibodies The Journal of cell biology High 10931866
2004 Anillin directly binds nonmuscle myosin II, and this interaction is regulated by myosin light chain phosphorylation. Depletion of anillin in Drosophila or human cells causes cytokinesis failure; human cells depleted of anillin fail to regulate myosin II contraction late in cytokinesis and fail in abscission. Direct binding assay, RNAi depletion in Drosophila and human cells, time-lapse microscopy Molecular biology of the cell High 15496454
2005 Mutations in the C-terminal PH domain of Drosophila Anillin (encoded by scraps) cause defects in septin recruitment to the furrow canal and contractile ring, and strongly perturb cellularization. This demonstrates that the PH domain is required for septin localization to the cleavage furrow. Genetic analysis of anillin (scraps) alleles, immunofluorescence in Drosophila embryos Development (Cambridge, England) High 15930114
2007 Human anillin contains a conserved C-terminal domain homologous to the RhoA-binding protein Rhotekin that directly interacts with RhoA-GTP. Anillin functions as a scaffold linking active RhoA to actin and myosin in the contractile ring, and is required to maintain active myosin in the equatorial plane during cytokinesis. Domain homology analysis, direct binding assay (RhoA-anillin interaction), RNAi depletion with functional readouts Current biology : CB High 18158243
2007 RacGAP50C (component of the centralspindlin complex) directly interacts with Drosophila Anillin, providing a molecular link between spindle microtubules and the actomyosin contractile ring. Both proteins depend on this interaction for their localization, and loss of Anillin causes RacGAP to lose its equatorial cortex association. Direct interaction assay in vitro, RNAi depletion, co-localization in vivo Current biology : CB High 18158242
2008 Drosophila Anillin equatorial localization persists even in the absence of F-actin and myosin II; a separate RhoGEF(Pbl)-dependent pathway promotes stable filamentous structures containing anillin, Rho1, and septins directly at the equatorial plasma membrane, independently of F-actin, and these structures associate with microtubule ends. Latrunculin A treatment, RNAi, live microscopy in Drosophila S2 cells The Journal of cell biology High 18209105
2008 Drosophila Anillin interacts with RacGAP50C (Tum) at the cleavage furrow as demonstrated by affinity-purification/mass spectrometry and confirmed by in vitro interaction assays. F-actin is essential for Anillin cortical localization in prometaphase but not for furrow accumulation. Septins require Anillin for recruitment to the cleavage site. Affinity-purification coupled with mass spectrometry, in vitro binding, RNAi, drug treatments Journal of cell science High 18349071
2010 Anillin directly interacts with the diaphanous-inhibitory domain (DID) of the formin mDia2, and this interaction is competitive with the mDia2 autoinhibitory DAD-DID interaction. Both Rho GTPase-mediated activation and the anillin-mDia2 interaction are required for mDia2 localization and function at the cleavage furrow. Pulldown assays, RNAi, functional rescue experiments Molecular biology of the cell High 20660154
2011 The PH domain of human anillin interacts with phosphatidylinositol phosphate lipids including PI(4,5)P2, which is enriched at the furrow. Mutations in the PH domain that specifically disrupt PI(4,5)P2 binding, or cellular reduction of PI(4,5)P2, prevent anillin furrow localization. The PH domain has two functions: targeting anillin to the furrow via PI(4,5)P2 and recruiting septins to the furrow. Lipid-binding assays, PH domain mutagenesis, PI(4,5)P2 depletion, rescue experiments Current biology : CB High 22197245
2011 Citron kinase (CIT-K) physically and functionally interacts with anillin. CIT-K functions as an upstream regulator of RhoA during late cytokinesis, and active RhoA and anillin are displaced from the midbody in CIT-K-depleted cells. Overexpression of anillin delays abscission in a RhoA-independent manner, whereas CIT-K-overexpression-induced abscission delay is RhoA-dependent. Co-immunoprecipitation, RNAi depletion, overexpression, time-lapse microscopy Molecular biology of the cell High 21849473
2014 Crystal structures of human anillin's C-terminal region reveal a cryptic C2 domain adjacent to the RhoA-binding domain and the PH domain. Together, these three membrane-associating elements synergistically bind RhoA and phospholipids to anchor anillin at the cleavage furrow. X-ray crystallography, functional analysis of domain mutants Developmental cell High 25959226
2014 Anillin localizes to epithelial cell-cell junctions throughout the cell cycle in Xenopus embryos. Knockdown of anillin disrupts tight junctions and adherens junctions, and leads to increased dynamic 'flares' of Rho-GTP and reduced junctional F-actin and myosin II, demonstrating that anillin stabilizes Rho-GTP distribution at junctions to maintain apical actomyosin belt integrity. Morpholino knockdown in Xenopus embryos, live imaging of RhoA activity (FRET/biosensor), immunofluorescence Current biology : CB High 24835458
2014 ANLN R431C missense mutation reduces anillin binding to the slit diaphragm-associated scaffold protein CD2AP. Overexpression of R431C mutant ANLN in human podocytes enhances podocyte motility. Knockdown of ANLN in zebrafish causes glomerular filtration barrier loss and podocyte foot process effacement. Co-immunoprecipitation/binding assay, podocyte motility assay, zebrafish morpholino knockdown Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : JASN High 24676636
2014 Human anillin interacts with astral microtubules, and this interaction is competed by cortical recruitment of anillin by active RhoA. Anillin restricts myosin to the equatorial cortex and NuMA to the polar cortex, revealing an astral microtubule pathway that controls cortical domain organization during cytokinesis. Co-immunoprecipitation, RNAi, immunofluorescence in human cells Journal of cell science Medium 24994938
2014 p190RhoGAP-A binds anillin at the cytokinetic furrow, and this complex modulates RhoA-GTP levels during cytokinesis. Mutants of p190RhoGAP-A unable to bind anillin or unable to inactivate RhoA fail to rescue cytokinesis defects, demonstrating that the anillin-p190RhoGAP-A complex is required for progression of cytokinesis. Co-immunoprecipitation, mutagenesis, RNAi, myosin II inhibitor rescue assay Journal of cell science High 25359885
2014 Anillin-dependent organization of septin filaments promotes intercellular bridge elongation and ESCRT-III component Chmp4B targeting to the abscission site. After initial bridge formation, septin filaments driven by anillin-septin rings are extruded to elongate the ICB and generate constriction sites, priming the ICB for abscission machinery. Live imaging, subdiffraction microscopy, RNAi depletion Open biology Medium 24451548
2015 Anillin is transported to the nucleus by importin β2 through an atypical basic-patch PY nuclear localization signal (NLS). Importin β2 binding sequesters anillin in the nucleus during interphase to restrict its membrane function to mitosis. Preventing nuclear sequestration disrupts cellular architecture during interphase. Nuclear targeting motif identification, Ran-dependent importin binding assay, fluorescence localization The Journal of biological chemistry High 25829492
2015 Anillin regulates neuronal migration and neurite growth in C. elegans Q neuroblasts. The actin-binding domain of anillin stabilizes F-actin networks by antagonizing cofilin-mediated F-actin severing. Active RhoG/MIG-2 directly binds anillin and recruits it to the leading edge during cell migration. CRISPR-Cas9 conditional mutagenesis, in vitro F-actin stabilization assay, co-immunoprecipitation of RhoG-anillin Current biology : CB High 25843030
2015 Anillin knockdown in human epithelial cells disrupts tight junctions and adherens junctions without altering junctional protein expression. Anillin loss disorganizes the perijunctional actomyosin belt, disrupts the adducin-spectrin membrane skeleton at cell-cell contacts, and activates c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK); JNK inhibition restores junction integrity. RNAi knockdown in human epithelial cells, immunofluorescence, JNK inhibitor rescue Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS Medium 25809162
2017 Phosphorylation of anillin at S635 (adjacent to the AH domain) is required for efficient recruitment to the equatorial cortex at anaphase onset. A phosphomimetic S635D mutant partially restores equatorial localization, while S635A disrupts cortical concentration and causes cytokinesis failure. Anillin is phosphorylated by mitotic kinases and S635 is confirmed phosphorylated in late cytokinesis by a phosphospecific antibody. Site-directed mutagenesis of 46 phosphosites, phosphospecific antibody, time-lapse videomicroscopy PLoS genetics High 28081137
2017 Drosophila anillin has three distinct actin-binding sites (ABS1-3) within its actin-binding domain, each binding to a distinct site on F-actin. ABS1 and ABS3 bind F-actin in a mutually exclusive fashion. ABS2 and ABS3 are each required and together sufficient for robust cortical localization during cytokinesis. ABS1 contributes to filament bundling activity and enables switching between two bundling morphologies. In vitro binding assays, electron microscopy of recombinant fragments, depletion-and-rescue assay in Drosophila S2 cells Journal of molecular biology High 28147230
2017 Active Ran (Ran-GTP) spatially restricts anillin localization during cytokinesis. Anillin contains a conserved NLS at its C-terminus that binds importin-β; this interaction is required for cortical polarity. RhoA-GTP binding to the RhoA-binding domain autoinhibits the NLS and the neighboring microtubule-binding domain, and RhoA-GTP binding may relieve this autoinhibition during mitosis. Ran-GTP level manipulation, importin binding assays, NLS mutagenesis, live cell imaging Molecular biology of the cell High 28931593
2018 The ANLN R431C FSGS mutation causes hyperactivation of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR/p70S6K/Rac1 signaling axis and mTOR-driven ER stress in human podocytes. Inhibition of mTOR, GSK-3β, Rac1, or calcineurin ameliorates the R431C effects. Calcineurin/NFAT pathway inhibition also reduces endogenous ANLN and mTOR expression. Stable expression of ANLN variants in human podocyte lines, biochemical pathway analysis, pharmacological inhibition, zebrafish complementation assays Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : JASN High 30002222
2019 Anillin regulates epithelial cell mechanics in Xenopus by structuring the medial-apical actomyosin network. Anillin depletion increases junctional recoil velocity after laser ablation, whereas overexpression slows recoil, demonstrating that anillin promotes tensile forces stored in the medial-apical network. These mechanical effects propagate to affect tissue-wide mechanics. Laser ablation, GFP-anillin overexpression and morpholino knockdown, AFM-based tissue mechanics measurement eLife High 30702429
2019 Anillin monomers cross-link actin filaments at ~8 nm distance in both parallel and antiparallel polarity orientations, as visualized by single-molecule TIRF microscopy and high-speed atomic force microscopy (hs-AFM). TIRFM single-molecule imaging, high-speed atomic force microscopy FEBS letters High 31853940
2020 Importin binding to anillin's NLS favors a conformation required for cortical recruitment: RhoA-GTP binding to the RhoA-binding domain increases accessibility of the nearby C2 domain containing the NLS, and importin subsequently stabilizes a conformation that favors interactions for equatorial cortical recruitment. In vitro binding assays, domain mutagenesis, fluorescence localization in human cells Molecular biology of the cell Medium 32238082
2022 The deubiquitinating enzyme USP10 interacts with ANLN and removes K11- and K63-linked ubiquitin chains from ANLN, preventing its ubiquitin-mediated degradation. The E3 ligase APC/C co-activator Cdh1 forms a non-competitive complex with USP10 and ANLN to balance ANLN protein levels. USP10-stabilized ANLN promotes contractile ring assembly during cytokinesis. Co-immunoprecipitation, in vitro deubiquitination assay, ubiquitin linkage-type analysis, RNAi/knockdown, compound inhibition (F806) Cell death and differentiation High 36526897
2022 ANLN acts as a scaffold to strengthen the interaction between RACGAP1 and PLK1, promoting PLK1-mediated RACGAP1 phosphorylation and RhoA activation to ensure cytokinesis fidelity in hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Co-immunoprecipitation, phosphorylation assay, RNAi knockdown with functional readouts, in vivo mouse HCC model (Anln knockout) Oncogene High 35477750
2022 CIN85 interacts directly with the N-terminal region of anillin and SEPT9, facilitating SEPT9-containing filament localization to the plasma membrane of the intercellular bridge. The C-terminal PH domain of anillin binds to septin units lacking SEPT9 but enriched in SEPT11, revealing two distinct anillin-septin interactions that together promote ICB elongation and maturation. Direct binding assay, co-immunoprecipitation, RNAi, live imaging of ICB Cell reports High 36044846
2023 Nuclear ANLN forms a transcriptional complex with SP1, which enhances KIF2C transcriptional activity to activate the mTORC1 pathway, increasing RANKL expression in the bone microenvironment. ANLN mRNA stability is enhanced by m6A modification via METTL3/YTHDF1 in hepatocellular carcinoma cells. ChIP assay, transcriptional activity assays, m6A methylation analysis, knockdown/overexpression International journal of biological sciences Medium 36923927

Source papers

Stage 0 corpus · 100 papers · ranked by NIH iCite citations
Year Title Journal Citations PMID
1995 Anillin, a contractile ring protein that cycles from the nucleus to the cell cortex. The Journal of cell biology 360 7559773
2007 Anillin is a scaffold protein that links RhoA, actin, and myosin during cytokinesis. Current biology : CB 338 18158243
2000 Functional analysis of a human homologue of the Drosophila actin binding protein anillin suggests a role in cytokinesis. The Journal of cell biology 256 10931866
2004 Anillin binds nonmuscle myosin II and regulates the contractile ring. Molecular biology of the cell 224 15496454
2010 The myriad roles of Anillin during cytokinesis. Seminars in cell & developmental biology 213 20732437
2003 An anillin homologue, Mid2p, acts during fission yeast cytokinesis to organize the septin ring and promote cell separation. The Journal of cell biology 131 12668659
2005 Characterization of anillin mutants reveals essential roles in septin localization and plasma membrane integrity. Development (Cambridge, England) 124 15930114
2008 Mid1p/anillin and the septation initiation network orchestrate contractile ring assembly for cytokinesis. Genes & development 120 19056897
2008 Rho-dependent control of anillin behavior during cytokinesis. The Journal of cell biology 117 18209105
2014 Mutations in the gene that encodes the F-actin binding protein anillin cause FSGS. Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : JASN 113 24676636
2007 Cell division requires a direct link between microtubule-bound RacGAP and Anillin in the contractile ring. Current biology : CB 110 18158242
2015 Mechanistic insights into the anchorage of the contractile ring by anillin and Mid1. Developmental cell 103 25959226
2009 How to scaffold the contractile ring for a safe cytokinesis - lessons from Anillin-related proteins. Journal of cell science 103 19339546
2011 Cleavage furrow organization requires PIP(2)-mediated recruitment of anillin. Current biology : CB 100 22197245
2008 Interaction between Anillin and RacGAP50C connects the actomyosin contractile ring with spindle microtubules at the cell division site. Journal of cell science 100 18349071
2011 Citron kinase controls abscission through RhoA and anillin. Molecular biology of the cell 99 21849473
2017 Knockdown of Anillin Actin Binding Protein Blocks Cytokinesis in Hepatocytes and Reduces Liver Tumor Development in Mice Without Affecting Regeneration. Gastroenterology 93 29274368
2019 ANLN-induced EZH2 upregulation promotes pancreatic cancer progression by mediating miR-218-5p/LASP1 signaling axis. Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research : CR 92 31395079
2014 Anillin regulates cell-cell junction integrity by organizing junctional accumulation of Rho-GTP and actomyosin. Current biology : CB 91 24835458
2008 The Clp1/Cdc14 phosphatase contributes to the robustness of cytokinesis by association with anillin-related Mid1. The Journal of cell biology 83 18378776
2014 Knockdown of ANLN by lentivirus inhibits cell growth and migration in human breast cancer. Molecular and cellular biochemistry 82 25223638
2010 Rho and anillin-dependent control of mDia2 localization and function in cytokinesis. Molecular biology of the cell 81 20660154
2009 Spatial control of cytokinesis by Cdr2 kinase and Mid1/anillin nuclear export. Current biology : CB 81 19427212
1989 Characterization and sequence analysis of the scrA gene encoding enzyme IIScr of the Streptococcus mutans phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent sucrose phosphotransferase system. Journal of bacteriology 78 2536656
2005 The septin-binding protein anillin is overexpressed in diverse human tumors. Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research 77 16203764
2017 Regulation of actin-binding protein ANLN by antitumor miR-217 inhibits cancer cell aggressiveness in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Oncotarget 76 28881803
1999 The role of anillin in meiotic cytokinesis of Drosophila males. Journal of cell science 73 10381388
2008 Anillin: a pivotal organizer of the cytokinetic machinery. Biochemical Society transactions 68 18481976
2014 Anillin-dependent organization of septin filaments promotes intercellular bridge elongation and Chmp4B targeting to the abscission site. Open biology 65 24451548
2013 Opposing actions of septins and Sticky on Anillin promote the transition from contractile to midbody ring. The Journal of cell biology 62 24217622
2011 Temporal control of contractile ring assembly by Plo1 regulation of myosin II recruitment by Mid1/anillin. Current biology : CB 59 21376600
2023 A Therapeutically Targetable TAZ-TEAD2 Pathway Drives the Growth of Hepatocellular Carcinoma via ANLN and KIF23. Gastroenterology 58 36894036
2019 Overexpression of ANLN in lung adenocarcinoma is associated with metastasis. Thoracic cancer 58 31268619
2014 C. elegans Anillin proteins regulate intercellular bridge stability and germline syncytial organization. The Journal of cell biology 57 24982432
2018 Anillin is required for tumor growth and regulated by miR-15a/miR-16-1 in HBV-related hepatocellular carcinoma. Aging 55 30103211
2015 The potent tumor suppressor miR-497 inhibits cancer phenotypes in nasopharyngeal carcinoma by targeting ANLN and HSPA4L. Oncotarget 54 26486082
2021 MiR-16-5p suppresses breast cancer proliferation by targeting ANLN. BMC cancer 53 34743685
2015 Anillin Regulates Neuronal Migration and Neurite Growth by Linking RhoG to the Actin Cytoskeleton. Current biology : CB 51 25843030
2021 Circular RNA circ-MMP11 Contributes to Lapatinib Resistance of Breast Cancer Cells by Regulating the miR-153-3p/ANLN Axis. Frontiers in oncology 50 34295807
2009 NBL1 and anillin (ANLN) genes over-expression in pancreatic carcinoma. Folia histochemica et cytobiologica 50 19995712
2018 The Human FSGS-Causing ANLN R431C Mutation Induces Dysregulated PI3K/AKT/mTOR/Rac1 Signaling in Podocytes. Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : JASN 49 30002222
2020 LncRNA XIST promotes chemoresistance of breast cancer cells to doxorubicin by sponging miR-200c-3p to upregulate ANLN. Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology 47 32198770
2010 Cindr interacts with anillin to control cytokinesis in Drosophila melanogaster. Current biology : CB 47 20451383
2022 Targeting USP10 induces degradation of oncogenic ANLN in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Cell death and differentiation 45 36526897
2019 Anillin regulates epithelial cell mechanics by structuring the medial-apical actomyosin network. eLife 42 30702429
2015 F-actin binding protein, anillin, regulates integrity of intercellular junctions in human epithelial cells. Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS 42 25809162
2012 Mid1/anillin and the spatial regulation of cytokinesis in fission yeast. Cytoskeleton (Hoboken, N.J.) 40 22888038
2010 Actomyosin tube formation in polar body cytokinesis requires Anillin in C. elegans. Current biology : CB 40 21055941
2020 Anillin is an emerging regulator of tumorigenesis, acting as a cortical cytoskeletal scaffold and a nuclear modulator of cancer cell differentiation. Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS 39 32880660
1993 Cloning and characterization of the scrA gene encoding the sucrose-specific Enzyme II of the phosphotransferase system from Staphylococcus xylosus. Molecular & general genetics : MGG 36 8232209
2020 CDK1-PLK1/SGOL2/ANLN pathway mediating abnormal cell division in cell cycle may be a critical process in hepatocellular carcinoma. Cell cycle (Georgetown, Tex.) 34 32275843
2014 In silico analysis of expression pattern of a Wnt/β-catenin responsive gene ANLN in gastric cancer. Gene 34 24809965
2017 Anillin Phosphorylation Controls Timely Membrane Association and Successful Cytokinesis. PLoS genetics 33 28081137
2011 PAR-4/LKB1 mobilizes nonmuscle myosin through anillin to regulate C. elegans embryonic polarization and cytokinesis. Current biology : CB 32 21276723
2014 Anillin interacts with microtubules and is part of the astral pathway that defines cortical domains. Journal of cell science 31 24994938
2014 A complex of p190RhoGAP-A and anillin modulates RhoA-GTP and the cytokinetic furrow in human cells. Journal of cell science 31 25359885
1995 Use of a novel mobilizable vector to inactivate the scrA gene of Streptococcus sobrinus by allelic replacement. Journal of bacteriology 31 7665480
2022 Exosomal LINC00460/miR-503-5p/ANLN positive feedback loop aggravates pancreatic cancer progression through regulating T cell-mediated cytotoxicity and PD-1 checkpoint. Cancer cell international 30 36482354
2015 PAR-4 and anillin regulate myosin to coordinate spindle and furrow position during asymmetric division. The Journal of cell biology 30 26416962
2023 N6-Methyladenosine Modification of ANLN Enhances Hepatocellular Carcinoma Bone Metastasis. International journal of biological sciences 29 36923927
2012 Cdk and the anillin homolog Bud4 define a new pathway regulating septin organization in yeast. Cell cycle (Georgetown, Tex.) 29 22185758
2013 Supervillin binding to myosin II and synergism with anillin are required for cytokinesis. Molecular biology of the cell 28 24088567
1996 Molecular analysis of the scrA and scrB genes from Klebsiella pneumoniae and plasmid pUR400, which encode the sucrose transport protein Enzyme II Scr of the phosphotransferase system and a sucrose-6-phosphate invertase. Molecular & general genetics : MGG 28 8628219
2022 Targeting anillin inhibits tumorigenesis and tumor growth in hepatocellular carcinoma via impairing cytokinesis fidelity. Oncogene 27 35477750
2020 Critical Roles of a RhoGEF-Anillin Module in Septin Architectural Remodeling during Cytokinesis. Current biology : CB 27 32197082
1991 Construction of scrA::lacZ gene fusions to investigate regulation of the sucrose PTS of Streptococcus mutans. FEMS microbiology letters 27 1905660
2017 Active Ran regulates anillin function during cytokinesis. Molecular biology of the cell 26 28931593
1992 Genetic analysis of scrA and scrB from Streptococcus sobrinus 6715. Infection and immunity 26 1500184
2022 Optimisation and Characterisation of Novel Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitory Peptides Prepared by Double Enzymatic Hydrolysis from Agaricus bisporus Scraps. Foods (Basel, Switzerland) 25 35159545
2021 Alternatively spliced ANLN isoforms synergistically contribute to the progression of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Cell death & disease 25 34344861
2020 Fission yeast Pak1 phosphorylates anillin-like Mid1 for spatial control of cytokinesis. The Journal of cell biology 25 32421151
2018 Novel calcium-chelating peptides from octopus scraps and their corresponding calcium bioavailability. Journal of the science of food and agriculture 25 29931683
2012 Characterization of structural and functional domains of the anillin-related protein Mid1p that contribute to cytokinesis in fission yeast. Molecular biology of the cell 24 22918954
2021 ANLN Enhances Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Stemness Through TWIST1 and BMP2 and Promotes its Spheroid Growth. Frontiers in molecular biosciences 23 34277708
2015 Importin β2 Mediates the Spatio-temporal Regulation of Anillin through a Noncanonical Nuclear Localization Signal. The Journal of biological chemistry 23 25829492
2017 Multimodal and Polymorphic Interactions between Anillin and Actin: Their Implications for Cytokinesis. Journal of molecular biology 22 28147230
2015 Asymmetric inheritance of the apical domain and self-renewal of retinal ganglion cell progenitors depend on Anillin function. Development (Cambridge, England) 22 25655700
2013 Caenorhabditis elegans anillin (ani-1) regulates neuroblast cytokinesis and epidermal morphogenesis during embryonic development. Developmental biology 22 24016757
2020 Anillin facilitates cell proliferation and induces tumor growth of hepatocellular carcinoma via miR-138/SOX4 axis regulation. Translational oncology 21 32645689
2019 NDR Kinase Sid2 Drives Anillin-like Mid1 from the Membrane to Promote Cytokinesis and Medial Division Site Placement. Current biology : CB 20 30853434
2019 The Functionally Important N-Terminal Half of Fission Yeast Mid1p Anillin Is Intrinsically Disordered and Undergoes Phase Separation. Biochemistry 20 31243991
2020 Importin binding mediates the intramolecular regulation of anillin during cytokinesis. Molecular biology of the cell 19 32238082
2021 ANLN Regulated by miR-30a-5p Mediates Malignant Progression of Lung Adenocarcinoma. Computational and mathematical methods in medicine 18 34777569
2019 Visualizing dynamic actin cross-linking processes driven by the actin-binding protein anillin. FEBS letters 18 31853940
2015 The anillin-related region of Bud4 is the major functional determinant for Bud4's function in septin organization during bud growth and axial bud site selection in budding yeast. Eukaryotic cell 18 25576483
2021 ANLN promotes carcinogenesis in oral cancer by regulating the PI3K/mTOR signaling pathway. Head & face medicine 17 34082790
2022 Comprehensive analyses reveal the carcinogenic and immunological roles of ANLN in human cancers. Cancer cell international 16 35568883
2022 E2F7 enhances hepatocellular carcinoma growth by preserving the SP1/SOX4/Anillin axis via repressing miRNA-383-5p transcription. Molecular carcinogenesis 16 35924788
2023 Knockdown of ANLN inhibits the progression of lung adenocarcinoma via pyroptosis activation. Molecular medicine reports 15 37539739
2022 Septin filament compaction into rings requires the anillin Mid2 and contractile ring constriction. Cell reports 15 35443188
2015 Subcellular localisation of anillin is associated with different survival outcomes in upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma. Journal of clinical pathology 15 26135313
1991 Characterization of the major promoter for the plasmid-encoded sucrose genes scrY, scrA, and scrB. Journal of bacteriology 15 1938944
2022 An anillin-CIN85-SEPT9 complex promotes intercellular bridge maturation required for successful cytokinesis. Cell reports 14 36044846
2018 Visualization of endothelial cell cycle dynamics in mouse using the Flt-1/eGFP-anillin system. Angiogenesis 14 29417260
2021 ANLN, Regulated by SP2, Promotes Colorectal Carcinoma Cell Proliferation via PI3K/AKT and MAPK Signaling Pathway. Journal of investigative surgery : the official journal of the Academy of Surgical Research 13 33757382
2023 lncRNA CERS6-AS1 upregulates the expression of ANLN by sponging miR-424-5p to promote the progression and drug resistance of lung adenocarcinoma. Non-coding RNA research 12 38094657
2022 Screening of a Novel Lactiplantibacillus plantarum MMB-05 and Lacticaseibacillus casei Fermented Sandwich Seaweed Scraps: Chemical Composition, In Vitro Antioxidant, and Volatile Compounds Analysis by GC-IMS. Foods (Basel, Switzerland) 12 36141001
2022 Clinical implication and immunological landscape analyses of ANLN in pan-cancer: A new target for cancer research. Cancer medicine 11 36030492
2022 The role of anillin/Mid1p during medial division and cytokinesis: from fission yeast to cancer cells. Cell cycle (Georgetown, Tex.) 11 36426865
2020 Anillin: The First Proofreading-like Scaffold? BioEssays : news and reviews in molecular, cellular and developmental biology 11 32735042