- Length
- 115 aa
- Mass
- 12.5 kDa
- Annotated
- 2026-04-28
130 papers in source corpus
30 papers cited in narrative
29 extracted findings
Mechanistic narrative
Synthesis pass · prose summary of the discoveries below
Insufficient on-target evidence to synthesize a narrative — discovery timeline does not match the canonical MIF protein.
Mechanism profile
Synthesis pass · controlled-vocabulary classification · explore literature graph →
No controlled-vocabulary terms were assigned to this entry.
Evidence
Reading pass · 29 per-paper findings extracted from the source corpus
| Year | Finding | Method | Journal | Conf | PMIDs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1989 | MIF was molecularly cloned from a lectin-stimulated T-cell hybridoma cDNA library via functional expression cloning in COS-1 cells, encoding a 115-amino acid, ~12 kDa polypeptide that is secreted despite lacking a classical signal sequence and exhibits macrophage migration inhibitory activity. | Functional expression cloning, insertional mutagenesis, gel elution of bioactivity | Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America | High | 2552447 |
| 1994 | Recombinant mouse and human MIF (12.5 kDa monomer) fold into a highly ordered 3D structure with significant β-sheet and α-helix content as revealed by circular dichroism; recombinant MIF inhibits monocyte migration, induces TNF-α secretion, and stimulates nitric oxide production by IFN-γ-primed macrophages, with no significant post-translational glycosylation detected. | Recombinant protein purification, circular dichroism spectroscopy, guanidine HCl unfolding, macrophage migration assay, ELISA, NO assay | Biochemistry | High | 7947826 |
| 1995 | The mouse MIF gene spans ~1 kb on chromosome 10, shares high structural homology with human MIF, and its promoter contains both inflammatory/growth factor response elements and peptide hormone-associated regulatory motifs; two MIF pseudogenes were also identified. | Genomic cloning, Southern blot, chromosomal mapping, promoter sequence analysis | Journal of immunology | Medium | 7706726 |
| 1997 | MIF is released from macrophages and T lymphocytes upon glucocorticoid stimulation and, once secreted, counteracts the inhibitory effects of glucocorticoids on TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-8 production in LPS-stimulated monocytes in vitro and antagonizes glucocorticoid inhibition of T-cell proliferation by restoring IL-2 and IFN-γ production. | Cell stimulation assays, cytokine ELISA, T-cell proliferation assays, in vivo endotoxemia models | Critical reviews in immunology | High | 29773026 9034724 |
| 1999 | MIF functionally inactivates p53 tumor suppressor activity: MIF cDNAs were isolated in screens bypassing p53-mediated growth arrest or apoptosis, and MIF treatment overcame p53 activity in three biological assays and suppressed p53 transcriptional activation. | Functional genetic screens (bypass of growth arrest/apoptosis), reporter assays, cell growth assays | The Journal of experimental medicine | High | 10562313 |
| 2000 | MIF specifically interacts with the intracellular protein Jab1 (CSN5), a coactivator of AP-1 transcription; MIF colocalizes with Jab1 in the cytosol, and exogenously added MIF enters cells by endocytosis to bind Jab1. MIF inhibits Jab1-enhanced AP-1 activity, blocks Jab1-mediated JNK activation and c-Jun phosphorylation, and increases p27Kip1 expression by stabilizing p27Kip1 protein, thereby antagonizing Jab1-dependent cell cycle progression. Amino acids 50–65 and Cys-60 of MIF are critical for Jab1 binding. | Co-immunoprecipitation, colocalization (confocal), endocytosis tracking, AP-1 reporter assays, JNK kinase assay, Western blot (p27Kip1 stabilization), mutagenesis | Nature | High | 11089976 |
| 2000 | GIF/MIF undergoes two sequential post-translational modifications in human suppressor T cell hybridomas: cysteinylation at Cys-60 and phosphorylation at Ser-91. Cysteinylated GIF/MIF (but not wild-type) possesses immunosuppressive activity on IgE responses and high affinity for GIF receptors; in vitro treatment of recombinant MIF with cystine preferentially cysteinylates Cys-60 and confers equivalent bioactivity. | Affinity purification, peptide mapping, mass spectrometry, in vitro cysteinylation, receptor binding assay, IgE response assay | Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America | High | 11069294 |
| 2002 | MIF secretion is induced by cell adhesion to fibronectin in quiescent fibroblasts via protein kinase C-dependent release; autocrine MIF subsequently promotes integrin-dependent MAP kinase activation, cyclin D1 expression, and DNA synthesis. MIF-deficient cells show higher retinoblastoma protein activity and lower E2F transcriptional activity. | Fibronectin adhesion assay, neutralizing antibodies, PKC inhibition, MAP kinase assay, cyclin D1 Western blot, BrdU incorporation, Rb/E2F reporter assays | The Journal of biological chemistry | High | 12297513 |
| 2003 | CD74 (invariant chain) is the high-affinity cell surface receptor for MIF: MIF binds the extracellular domain of CD74 with Kd ~9 nM (by surface plasmon resonance), and CD74 is required for MIF-induced ERK1/2 MAP kinase activation, cell proliferation, and PGE2 production. Soluble CD74 ectodomain inhibits MIF-mediated ERK activation. | Expression cloning, surface plasmon resonance (BIAcore), co-immunoprecipitation, siRNA knockdown, ERK phosphorylation assay, PGE2 ELISA, proliferation assay | The Journal of experimental medicine | High | 12782713 |
| 2006 | CD44 is an essential signaling component of the MIF-CD74 receptor complex: CD74 alone mediates MIF binding, but MIF-induced ERK1/2 phosphorylation requires coexpression of full-length CD44. MIF binding triggers serine phosphorylation of both CD74 and CD44; ERK activation through CD44 requires Src tyrosine kinase activity. CD74 and CD44 are both necessary for MIF-mediated protection from apoptosis. | Stable transfection in CD74/CD44-deficient COS-7/M6 cells, co-immunoprecipitation, siRNA, kinase inhibitors, ERK phosphorylation assay, apoptosis assay | Immunity | High | 17045821 |
| 2007 | MIF functions as a non-canonical ligand for chemokine receptors CXCR2 and CXCR4, triggering Gαi- and integrin-dependent monocyte/T-cell arrest and chemotaxis, rapid integrin activation, and calcium influx. MIF competes with canonical CXCR4 ligands, directly binds CXCR2, and CXCR2 forms a receptor complex with CD74. In vivo, MIF-induced leukocyte recruitment requires IL8rb (Cxcr2), and MIF deficiency impairs monocyte adhesion in atherosclerotic arteries. | Chemotaxis/arrest assays, calcium flux, integrin activation assay, competitive binding, co-immunoprecipitation (CXCR2/CD74 complex), Mif-knockout and Il8rb-knockout mice, in vivo atherosclerosis model | Nature medicine | High | 17435771 |
| 2008 | MIF is released from the ischemic heart and stimulates AMPK activation through CD74, promoting glucose uptake and protecting against ischemia-reperfusion injury. Germline Mif deletion impairs ischemic AMPK signaling; human fibroblasts with low-activity MIF promoter polymorphisms show diminished MIF release and AMPK activation during hypoxia. | Mouse cardiac ischemia-reperfusion model, Mif-knockout mice, AMPK activity assay, glucose uptake assay, CD74 blocking antibody, human fibroblast hypoxia experiments, MIF promoter genotyping | Nature | High | 18235500 |
| 2009 | CD74 forms functional heteromeric receptor complexes with CXCR4 at the cell surface (confirmed by co-immunoprecipitation from endogenous monocytes). MIF-stimulated, CD74-dependent AKT activation is blocked by anti-CXCR4 antibodies and AMD3100, but CXCL12-stimulated AKT activation is not reduced by anti-CD74, indicating MIF-specific signaling through the CD74/CXCR4 complex. | Co-immunoprecipitation (HEK293 transfectants and endogenous monocytes), surface expression analysis, AKT phosphorylation assay, antibody/small molecule blockade | FEBS letters | High | 19665027 |
| 2009 | MIF-induced neutrophil accumulation in the alveolar space occurs via CD74 expressed on alveolar macrophages: MIF activates p44/p42 MAPK in macrophages through CD74, leading to chemokine (MIP-2, KC) release that recruits neutrophils. Anti-CD74 antibody inhibits MIF-induced MAPK phosphorylation, chemokine release, and neutrophil accumulation in vivo. | Intratracheal instillation of recombinant MIF, anti-CD74 antibody blockade, BAL fluid analysis, MAPK phosphorylation assay, ELISA, MIF inhibitor (ISO-1) | Respiratory research | High | 19413900 |
| 2011 | D-dopachrome tautomerase (D-DT/MIF-2), encoded by a gene adjacent to MIF, binds CD74 with high affinity, activates ERK1/2 MAP kinase and downstream pro-inflammatory pathways, and its immunoneutralization protects mice from lethal endotoxemia; D-DT functions as a second MIF-like cytokine ligand for CD74. | Recombinant protein binding assay, ERK1/2 phosphorylation assay, in vivo endotoxemia model with neutralizing antibodies, cytokine ELISA | Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America | High | 21817065 |
| 2012 | MIF promotes survival and proliferation of neural stem/progenitor cells (NSPCs) via CD74-CD44 receptor signaling; MIF increases phosphorylation of Akt, Erk, AMPK, and Stat3, and upregulates Hes3 and Egfr. MIF shRNA knockdown increases caspase 3/7 activity in neurospheres. MIF also acts as a chemoattractant for NSPCs. | Neurosphere formation assay, retroviral shRNA knockdown, MIF inhibitor (ISO-1), flow cytometry, phosphoprotein assays, caspase activity assay, chemotaxis assay | Journal of cell science | Medium | 22454509 |
| 2014 | MIF promotes invasive synoviocyte phenotype via the CD74/CD44 receptor complex: MIF increases CD44 expression in synovial fibroblasts, promotes its recruitment into the signal transduction complex, and stimulates alternative CD44 exon splicing producing oncogenic CD44v3-v6 isoforms. Downstream MAPK and RhoA signaling and invasion require both MIF and CD74 and are reduced by MIF pathway antagonists. | Co-immunoprecipitation, alternative splicing analysis, MAPK/RhoA activation assays, invasion assay (Matrigel), siRNA, MIF pathway antagonists, synoviocytes from RA patients and MIF allele carriers | Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America | High | 27872288 |
| 2014 | MIF gene transcription is regulated by the transcription factor ICBP90 (UHRF1) through direct interaction with the -794 CATT microsatellite promoter region. ICBP90 is essential for MIF transcription in monocytes/macrophages, B and T lymphocytes, and synovial fibroblasts; TLR-induced MIF transcription is regulated in an ICBP90- and CATT-repeat-length-dependent manner. | Oligonucleotide affinity chromatography, LC-MS/MS, shRNA knockdown, promoter reporter assays, genome-wide transcription profiling, ChIP | The Journal of clinical investigation | High | 26752645 |
| 2016 | MIF-CD74 signaling inhibits IFN-γ secretion in microglia through phosphorylation of ERK1/2, promoting a pro-tumorigenic M2 microglial state. Antibody neutralization or siRNA-mediated inhibition of MIF or CD74 reinstates IFN-γ release, induces M2-to-M1 shift, and prolongs survival in glioma-implanted mice. | siRNA knockdown, neutralizing antibody, ERK1/2 phosphorylation assay, IFN-γ ELISA, microglial polarization assays, in vivo glioma implantation model | Oncogene | High | 27157615 |
| 2016 | MIF is a PARP-1-dependent, AIF-associated nuclease (PAAN): AIF recruits MIF to the nucleus where MIF cleaves genomic DNA into large fragments. Depletion of MIF, disruption of the AIF-MIF interaction, or mutation of Glu-22 in MIF's catalytic nuclease domain blocks nuclease activity and inhibits chromatinolysis, glutamate excitotoxicity-induced cell death, and focal stroke damage. | Co-immunoprecipitation (AIF-MIF), nuclear fractionation, DNA cleavage assay, site-directed mutagenesis (E22), siRNA knockdown, mouse stroke model, glutamate excitotoxicity assay | Science | High | 27846469 |
| 2017 | MIF interacts with the serine protease HTRA1 and inhibits its proteolytic activity, representing the first endogenous inhibitor identified for HTRA1. Both proteins co-localize in astrocytes, and the MIF-HTRA1 interaction modulates availability of growth factors and extracellular matrix molecules affecting astrocytic cell growth and differentiation. | Co-immunoprecipitation, protease activity assay, colocalization (immunofluorescence), functional rescue of HTRA1 substrates | Cellular and molecular life sciences | Medium | 28726057 |
| 2018 | Soluble CD74 ectodomain (sCD74) co-treated with MIF reroutes MIF signaling from pro-survival AKT activation to necroptosis in cardiac myofibroblasts via RIP1/RIP3-dependent pathways. sCD74 diminishes MIF-mediated AKT activation and triggers p38 activation, enabling CD74-dependent necroptotic processes specifically in cardiac fibroblasts but not cardiomyocytes. | Cardiac fibroblast isolation, recombinant protein co-treatment, Western blot (AKT, p38, RIP1/RIP3), microarray, cell death assay, gene expression analysis | Journal of the American Heart Association | Medium | 30371153 |
| 2018 | EC-derived MIF decreases pericyte contractility by reducing phosphorylated myosin light chain, increasing intercellular PC gap formation, and enhancing neutrophil transmigration across the EC-PC barrier. EC-specific MIF knockout mice show decreased neutrophil infiltration to BAL and increased myosin light-chain phosphorylation in pericytes in acute lung injury. | EC-specific MIF knockout mouse, micro-ELISA, RNA-seq, flow cytometry, 2D contractility assay on silicone substrates, in vitro microvascular model, BAL neutrophil counting | FASEB journal | High | 30252532 |
| 2018 | Molecular dynamics simulations up to 1 µs revealed allosteric communication between a residue at the MIF solvent channel opening and distal CD74-activating residues in the β-strand region. Experiments validated this allosteric regulatory site and identified a pathway via the MIF β-strands controlling CD74 activation. | Molecular dynamics simulation (up to 1 µs), mutagenesis, CD74 activation assay, NMR dynamics | Angewandte Chemie | Medium | 29669180 |
| 2021 | MIF is a 3' flap nuclease that translocates to the nucleus during S phase, where it co-localizes with PARP-1 at DNA replication forks. MIF nuclease activity is required to resolve replication stress; MIF loss increases mutation frequency, causes cell cycle delays, and inhibits DNA synthesis and cell growth, effects rescued by wild-type but not nuclease-deficient MIF mutant. | Nuclear fractionation, co-localization with replication fork markers, in vitro nuclease assay, nuclease-deficient mutant rescue, cell cycle analysis, DNA synthesis assay, tumor growth assay | Nature communications | High | 34012010 |
| 2021 | A PROTAC (MD13) targeting the MIF tautomerase active site induces near-complete MIF protein degradation at ~100 nM DC50 in A549 cells, suppresses cell proliferation by deactivating the MAPK pathway, and causes G2/M cell cycle arrest. | PROTAC degrader design, Western blot (MIF degradation), cell proliferation assay, MAPK pathway analysis, cell cycle FACS, 3D tumor spheroid assay | Angewandte Chemie | Medium | 34018657 |
| 2022 | HDAC6 inhibition or aspirin treatment promotes MIF acetylation at K78 residue (identified by mass spectrometry). MIF K78 acetylation suppresses the MIF-AIF interaction and impairs MIF translocation to the nucleus in ischemic cortical neurons, reducing DNA fragmentation and neuronal death. MIF K78Q mutant knock-in mice show reduced infarct size after stroke. | Mass spectrometry (PTM identification), co-immunoprecipitation (MIF-AIF), nuclear fractionation, HDAC6 inhibitor/aspirin treatment, MIF K78Q knock-in mouse, TUNEL assay, infarct volume measurement | Cell death & disease | High | 35585040 |
| 2024 | CD74 is a functional MIF receptor on activated human CD4+ T cells: resting T cells express CD74 intracellularly, but activation upregulates CD74 surface expression with chondroitin sulfate modification. Proximity ligation assay demonstrates CD74/CXCR4 heterocomplexes on activated CD4+ T cells that are reduced after MIF treatment (suggesting MIF-mediated internalization). MIF-induced CD4+ T cell migration requires both CD74 and CXCR4. | Flow cytometry, Western blot, immunohistochemistry, RNA-seq re-analysis, proteomics, 3D-matrix live cell imaging, receptor-specific inhibitors, proximity ligation assay (PLA), COVID-19 patient cohort | Cellular and molecular life sciences | High | 38992165 |
| 2024 | MIF directly binds PINK1 and disrupts the PINK1-Parkin protein-protein interaction, impairing Parkin recruitment to mitochondria and blocking initiation of PINK1-Parkin-dependent mitophagy in renal tubular epithelial cells during sepsis-associated AKI. MIF inhibition (ISO-1) or mitophagy activation reverses this apoptosis. | Co-immunoprecipitation (MIF-PINK1), mitophagy assay, Parkin translocation assay, MIF overexpression/knockdown, ISO-1 inhibitor, apoptosis assay | Cell death & disease | Medium | 38956064 |
Source papers
Stage 0 corpus · 130 papers · ranked by NIH iCite citations
| Year | Title | Journal | Citations | PMID |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2005 | Towards a proteome-scale map of the human protein-protein interaction network. | Nature | 2090 | 16189514 |
| 2005 | A human protein-protein interaction network: a resource for annotating the proteome. | Cell | 1704 | 16169070 |
| 2002 | Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences. | Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America | 1479 | 12477932 |
| 2003 | Macrophage migration inhibitory factor: a regulator of innate immunity. | Nature reviews. Immunology | 1469 | 14502271 |
| 2007 | MIF is a noncognate ligand of CXC chemokine receptors in inflammatory and atherogenic cell recruitment. | Nature medicine | 1058 | 17435771 |
| 2015 | A human interactome in three quantitative dimensions organized by stoichiometries and abundances. | Cell | 1015 | 26496610 |
| 2014 | A proteome-scale map of the human interactome network. | Cell | 977 | 25416956 |
| 2003 | MIF signal transduction initiated by binding to CD74. | The Journal of experimental medicine | 935 | 12782713 |
| 2004 | Immunoaffinity profiling of tyrosine phosphorylation in cancer cells. | Nature biotechnology | 916 | 15592455 |
| 2020 | A reference map of the human binary protein interactome. | Nature | 849 | 32296183 |
| 2018 | VIRMA mediates preferential m6A mRNA methylation in 3'UTR and near stop codon and associates with alternative polyadenylation. | Cell discovery | 829 | 29507755 |
| 2007 | Large-scale mapping of human protein-protein interactions by mass spectrometry. | Molecular systems biology | 733 | 17353931 |
| 2021 | Dual proteome-scale networks reveal cell-specific remodeling of the human interactome. | Cell | 705 | 33961781 |
| 2012 | A census of human soluble protein complexes. | Cell | 689 | 22939629 |
| 2011 | Phylogenetic-based propagation of functional annotations within the Gene Ontology consortium. | Briefings in bioinformatics | 656 | 21873635 |
| 2008 | Large-scale proteomics and phosphoproteomics of urinary exosomes. | Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : JASN | 607 | 19056867 |
| 2006 | CD44 is the signaling component of the macrophage migration inhibitory factor-CD74 receptor complex. | Immunity | 556 | 17045821 |
| 1999 | A proinflammatory cytokine inhibits p53 tumor suppressor activity. | The Journal of experimental medicine | 533 | 10562313 |
| 2000 | Intracellular action of the cytokine MIF to modulate AP-1 activity and the cell cycle through Jab1. | Nature | 489 | 11089976 |
| 2003 | Exploring proteomes and analyzing protein processing by mass spectrometric identification of sorted N-terminal peptides. | Nature biotechnology | 485 | 12665801 |
| 2011 | Genome-wide association study identifies loci influencing concentrations of liver enzymes in plasma. | Nature genetics | 456 | 22001757 |
| 2004 | The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). | Genome research | 438 | 15489334 |
| 2015 | A Dynamic Protein Interaction Landscape of the Human Centrosome-Cilium Interface. | Cell | 433 | 26638075 |
| 2022 | OpenCell: Endogenous tagging for the cartography of human cellular organization. | Science (New York, N.Y.) | 432 | 35271311 |
| 2015 | Panorama of ancient metazoan macromolecular complexes. | Nature | 407 | 26344197 |
| 1994 | Purification, bioactivity, and secondary structure analysis of mouse and human macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF). | Biochemistry | 378 | 7947826 |
| 2008 | Macrophage migration inhibitory factor stimulates AMP-activated protein kinase in the ischaemic heart. | Nature | 376 | 18235500 |
| 2020 | A GRF-GIF chimeric protein improves the regeneration efficiency of transgenic plants. | Nature biotechnology | 355 | 33046875 |
| 2016 | A nuclease that mediates cell death induced by DNA damage and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1. | Science (New York, N.Y.) | 334 | 27846469 |
| 1989 | Molecular cloning of a cDNA encoding a human macrophage migration inhibitory factor. | Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America | 316 | 2552447 |
| 2002 | A functional promoter polymorphism in the macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) gene associated with disease severity in rheumatoid arthritis. | Genes and immunity | 314 | 12070782 |
| 2013 | Endogenous purification reveals GREB1 as a key estrogen receptor regulatory factor. | Cell reports | 307 | 23403292 |
| 2014 | Post-transcriptional control of GRF transcription factors by microRNA miR396 and GIF co-activator affects leaf size and longevity. | The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology | 235 | 24888433 |
| 2021 | Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF): A multifaceted cytokine regulated by genetic and physiological strategies. | Pharmacology & therapeutics | 222 | 34673115 |
| 2019 | The immunobiology of MIF: function, genetics and prospects for precision medicine. | Nature reviews. Rheumatology | 209 | 31197253 |
| 2009 | A functional heteromeric MIF receptor formed by CD74 and CXCR4. | FEBS letters | 199 | 19665027 |
| 2011 | The D-dopachrome tautomerase (DDT) gene product is a cytokine and functional homolog of macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF). | Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America | 198 | 21817065 |
| 2010 | Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF): a promising biomarker. | Drug news & perspectives | 197 | 20520854 |
| 2019 | Evolving complexity of MIF signaling. | Cellular signalling | 196 | 30682543 |
| 2000 | Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF): its essential role in the immune system and cell growth. | Journal of interferon & cytokine research : the official journal of the International Society for Interferon and Cytokine Research | 172 | 11032394 |
| 2012 | D-dopachrome tautomerase (D-DT or MIF-2): doubling the MIF cytokine family. | Cytokine | 148 | 22507380 |
| 1997 | Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF): a glucocorticoid counter-regulator within the immune system. | Critical reviews in immunology | 143 | 9034724 |
| 2020 | MIF-Dependent Control of Tumor Immunity. | Frontiers in immunology | 136 | 33324425 |
| 2019 | Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) as a therapeutic target for rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus. | Expert opinion on therapeutic targets | 127 | 31414920 |
| 2009 | Dual role of macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) in human breast cancer. | BMC cancer | 126 | 19602265 |
| 2003 | Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF): Its potential role in tumor growth and tumor-associated angiogenesis. | Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences | 115 | 12814949 |
| 2016 | MIF-CD74 signaling impedes microglial M1 polarization and facilitates brain tumorigenesis. | Oncogene | 114 | 27157615 |
| 2004 | Mechanisms and effectors of MIF-dependent promotion of tumourigenesis. | Cellular signalling | 113 | 14607271 |
| 2020 | Exosomes from mesenchymal stem cells overexpressing MIF enhance myocardial repair. | Journal of cellular physiology | 109 | 31960418 |
| 2008 | Role of MIF in inflammation and tumorigenesis. | Oncology | 109 | 18791328 |
| 2006 | Dual regulation of macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) expression in hypoxia by CREB and HIF-1. | Biochemical and biophysical research communications | 109 | 16854377 |
| 2015 | A Secreted MIF Cytokine Enables Aphid Feeding and Represses Plant Immune Responses. | Current biology : CB | 105 | 26119751 |
| 2009 | Macrophage CD74 contributes to MIF-induced pulmonary inflammation. | Respiratory research | 104 | 19413900 |
| 2008 | The MIF receptor CD74 in diabetic podocyte injury. | Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : JASN | 101 | 18842989 |
| 2000 | Enhancement of macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) expression in injured epidermis and cultured fibroblasts. | Biochimica et biophysica acta | 95 | 10564712 |
| 2019 | MIF family proteins in genitourinary cancer: tumorigenic roles and therapeutic potential. | Nature reviews. Urology | 92 | 30914802 |
| 2012 | Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) promotes cell survival and proliferation of neural stem/progenitor cells. | Journal of cell science | 92 | 22454509 |
| 1995 | Cloning and characterization of the gene for mouse macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF). | Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) | 92 | 7706726 |
| 2011 | Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) expression in human malignant gliomas contributes to immune escape and tumour progression. | Acta neuropathologica | 76 | 21773885 |
| 2016 | MIF allele-dependent regulation of the MIF coreceptor CD44 and role in rheumatoid arthritis. | Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America | 75 | 27872288 |
| 2019 | Biological roles and an evolutionary sketch of the GRF-GIF transcriptional complex in plants. | BMB reports | 74 | 30885290 |
| 2011 | Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF): a key player in protozoan infections. | International journal of biological sciences | 73 | 22110378 |
| 2005 | Role of macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) in the skin. | Journal of dermatological science | 68 | 15659324 |
| 2011 | MIF: a key player in cutaneous biology and wound healing. | Experimental dermatology | 65 | 21158933 |
| 2012 | MIF, MIF alleles, and prospects for therapeutic intervention in autoimmunity. | Journal of clinical immunology | 63 | 22968741 |
| 2019 | A MIF-like effector suppresses plant immunity and facilitates nematode parasitism by interacting with plant annexins. | Journal of experimental botany | 62 | 31365744 |
| 2008 | Chemokine-like functions of MIF in atherosclerosis. | Journal of molecular medicine (Berlin, Germany) | 62 | 18385967 |
| 2006 | Insight into the biology of macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) revealed by the cloning of its cell surface receptor. | Cell research | 61 | 16474429 |
| 2017 | Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor (MIF): A Glucocorticoid Counter-Regulator within the Immune System. | Critical reviews in immunology | 56 | 29773026 |
| 2012 | Neutralization of macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) by fully human antibodies correlates with their specificity for the β-sheet structure of MIF. | The Journal of biological chemistry | 56 | 22238348 |
| 2019 | Role of Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor (MIF) in Melanoma. | Cancers | 54 | 31013837 |
| 2018 | Soluble CD74 Reroutes MIF/CXCR4/AKT-Mediated Survival of Cardiac Myofibroblasts to Necroptosis. | Journal of the American Heart Association | 54 | 30371153 |
| 2016 | Transcription factor ICBP90 regulates the MIF promoter and immune susceptibility locus. | The Journal of clinical investigation | 52 | 26752645 |
| 2001 | Neuroendocrine properties of macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF). | Immunology and cell biology | 52 | 11488984 |
| 2015 | MIF and CXCL12 in Cardiovascular Diseases: Functional Differences and Similarities. | Frontiers in immunology | 50 | 26257740 |
| 2013 | Platelets are a previously unrecognised source of MIF. | Thrombosis and haemostasis | 50 | 23846621 |
| 2001 | Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) modulates innate immune responses induced by endotoxin and Gram-negative bacteria. | Journal of endotoxin research | 49 | 11753217 |
| 2006 | Tumor-derived macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) inhibits T lymphocyte activation. | Cytokine | 47 | 16522371 |
| 2002 | Adhesion-dependent signaling by macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF). | The Journal of biological chemistry | 47 | 12297513 |
| 2000 | Posttranslational modification of the glycosylation inhibiting factor (GIF) gene product generates bioactive GIF. | Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America | 47 | 11069294 |
| 2020 | GRF-GIF Chimeras Boost Plant Regeneration. | Trends in plant science | 46 | 33349565 |
| 2014 | Hypoxia signaling regulates macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) expression in stroke. | Molecular neurobiology | 46 | 24826917 |
| 2009 | Inhibition of MIF leads to cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in pancreatic cancer cells. | The Journal of surgical research | 46 | 19726058 |
| 2006 | Transgenic mice overexpressing macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) exhibit high-turnover osteoporosis. | Journal of bone and mineral research : the official journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research | 46 | 16753018 |
| 1995 | Expression of growth inhibitory factor (GIF) in normal and injured rat brains. | Neurochemistry international | 46 | 7655350 |
| 2016 | The non-mammalian MIF superfamily. | Immunobiology | 45 | 27780588 |
| 2020 | The Role of MIF on Eosinophil Biology and Eosinophilic Inflammation. | Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology | 44 | 30680604 |
| 2014 | Down-regulation of MIF by NFκB under hypoxia accelerated neuronal loss during stroke. | FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology | 43 | 24970391 |
| 2024 | CD74 is a functional MIF receptor on activated CD4+ T cells. | Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS | 42 | 38992165 |
| 2021 | Proteolysis Targeting Chimera (PROTAC) for Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor (MIF) Has Anti-Proliferative Activity in Lung Cancer Cells. | Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English) | 42 | 34018657 |
| 2013 | Deletion of CD74, a putative MIF receptor, in mice enhances osteoclastogenesis and decreases bone mass. | Journal of bone and mineral research : the official journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research | 41 | 23044992 |
| 2014 | MIF family members cooperatively inhibit p53 expression and activity. | PloS one | 38 | 24932684 |
| 2018 | Nanosecond Dynamics Regulate the MIF-Induced Activity of CD74. | Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English) | 37 | 29669180 |
| 2019 | A selective small-molecule inhibitor of macrophage migration inhibitory factor-2 (MIF-2), a MIF cytokine superfamily member, inhibits MIF-2 biological activity. | The Journal of biological chemistry | 36 | 31578280 |
| 2004 | Cysteine-dependent immune regulation by TRX and MIF/GIF family proteins. | Immunology letters | 36 | 15081538 |
| 2016 | Predicted structure of MIF/CD74 and RTL1000/CD74 complexes. | Metabolic brain disease | 35 | 26851955 |
| 2016 | CHD7 promotes proliferation of neural stem cells mediated by MIF. | Molecular brain | 34 | 27955690 |
| 2001 | Sharable representation of clinical guidelines in GLIF: relationship to the Arden Syntax. | Journal of biomedical informatics | 34 | 11723699 |
| 2020 | The role of MIF in chronic lung diseases: looking beyond inflammation. | American journal of physiology. Lung cellular and molecular physiology | 33 | 32208924 |
| 2023 | Obacunone targets macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) to impede osteoclastogenesis and alleviate ovariectomy-induced bone loss. | Journal of advanced research | 32 | 36657717 |
| 2021 | MIF is a 3' flap nuclease that facilitates DNA replication and promotes tumor growth. | Nature communications | 31 | 34012010 |
| 2018 | Endothelial cell-secreted MIF reduces pericyte contractility and enhances neutrophil extravasation. | FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology | 31 | 30252532 |
| 2018 | Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor (MIF) Drives Murine Psoriasiform Dermatitis. | Frontiers in immunology | 29 | 30333830 |
| 2007 | From MIF-1 to endomorphin: the Tyr-MIF-1 family of peptides. | Peptides | 29 | 17988762 |
| 2021 | Isopsoralen ameliorates rheumatoid arthritis by targeting MIF. | Arthritis research & therapy | 28 | 34535196 |
| 2015 | 4-IPP, a selective MIF inhibitor, causes mitotic catastrophe in thyroid carcinomas. | Endocrine-related cancer | 28 | 26206776 |
| 1998 | Brain injury and growth inhibitory factor (GIF)--a minireview. | Neurochemical research | 28 | 9482244 |
| 2022 | The IL-25-dependent tuft cell circuit driven by intestinal helminths requires macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF). | Mucosal immunology | 27 | 35288645 |
| 2019 | Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor (MIF) Expression Increases during Myocardial Infarction and Supports Pro-Inflammatory Signaling in Cardiac Fibroblasts. | Biomolecules | 26 | 30678084 |
| 2022 | Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) acetylation protects neurons from ischemic injury. | Cell death & disease | 25 | 35585040 |
| 2021 | The Role of Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor (MIF) in Asthmatic Airway Remodeling. | Allergy, asthma & immunology research | 25 | 33191679 |
| 1996 | Patterns of growth inhibitory factor (GIF) and glial fibrillary acidic protein relative level changes differ following left middle cerebral artery occlusion in rats. | Brain research | 24 | 8869568 |
| 2021 | Inhibition of macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) as a therapeutic target in bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis rats. | American journal of physiology. Lung cellular and molecular physiology | 23 | 33881353 |
| 2018 | Circulating macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) in patients with heart failure. | Cytokine | 23 | 29723777 |
| 2005 | Glucocorticoids suppress macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) expression in a cell-type-specific manner. | Journal of molecular endocrinology | 23 | 15821118 |
| 2020 | Immune modulation by the macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) family: D-dopachrome tautomerase (DDT) is not (always) a backup system. | Cytokine | 22 | 32417648 |
| 2017 | Invariant Chain Complexes and Clusters as Platforms for MIF Signaling. | Cells | 22 | 28208600 |
| 2017 | Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) modulates trophic signaling through interaction with serine protease HTRA1. | Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS | 22 | 28726057 |
| 2014 | Exploring the binding mechanisms of MIF to CXCR2 using theoretical approaches. | Physical chemistry chemical physics : PCCP | 22 | 25526079 |
| 2009 | Conservation and variation of the parapoxvirus GM-CSF-inhibitory factor (GIF) proteins. | The Journal of general virology | 22 | 19264672 |
| 2000 | Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) as a paracrine mediator in the interaction of testicular somatic cells. | Andrologia | 22 | 10702866 |
| 2009 | Increase of macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) expression in cardiomyocytes during chronic hypoxia. | Clinica chimica acta; international journal of clinical chemistry | 21 | 19394321 |
| 2002 | Human cytomegalovirus-mediated induction of MIF in fibroblasts. | Virology | 21 | 12167338 |
| 2024 | Use of GRF-GIF chimeras and a ternary vector system to improve maize (Zea mays L.) transformation frequency. | The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology | 20 | 38923048 |
| 2024 | Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) suppresses mitophagy through disturbing the protein interaction of PINK1-Parkin in sepsis-associated acute kidney injury. | Cell death & disease | 20 | 38956064 |
| 2021 | Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) enhances hypochlorous acid production in phagocytic neutrophils. | Redox biology | 20 | 33823474 |
| 2013 | Gastric intrinsic factor deficiency with combined GIF heterozygous mutations and FUT2 secretor variant. | Biochimie | 20 | 23402911 |
| 2011 | MIF from mussel: coding sequence, phylogeny, polymorphism, 3D model and regulation of expression. | Developmental and comparative immunology | 20 | 22085783 |
| 2012 | Candidate gene case-control and functional study shows macrophage inhibitory factor (MIF) polymorphism is associated with cutaneous leishmaniasis. | Cytokine | 19 | 23068083 |
| 1998 | Neuroimmunomodulation by macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF). | Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences | 19 | 9629239 |