Affinage

Showing ANLN — ANILLIN is a alias.

ANLN

Anillin · UniProt Q9NQW6

Length
1124 aa
Mass
124.2 kDa
Annotated
2026-06-09
100 papers in source corpus 41 papers cited in narrative 41 extracted findings
Cross-family judge vs UniProt: Affinage preferred faithfulness: 9/9 claims corpus-supported (100%)

Mechanistic narrative

Synthesis pass · prose summary of the discoveries below

Anillin (ANLN) is a multidomain scaffold protein that organizes the actomyosin cytokinetic contractile ring by physically coupling its core components and linking them to the underlying membrane and spindle (PMID:7559773, PMID:15496454, PMID:18158243). Its N-terminal actin-binding domain contains three distinct actin-binding sites that crosslink filaments into parallel and antiparallel bundles, and these crosslinking activities allow anillin to autonomously generate tens-of-picoNewton contractile forces and drive ring constriction even in the absence of myosin II (PMID:28147230, PMID:34321459). Anillin directly binds nonmuscle myosin II in a light-chain phosphorylation-dependent manner and is required for the spatial regulation of myosin contraction and successful abscission (PMID:15496454). Membrane anchorage and equatorial targeting are achieved through a C-terminal module of three synergistic membrane-associating elements—a cryptic C2 domain, a Rhotekin-homologous Rho-binding domain, and a PH domain—that together engage GTP-RhoA and phospholipids, with the PH domain binding PI(4,5)P2 and recruiting septins to the furrow (PMID:18158243, PMID:22197245, PMID:25959226). Through these interactions anillin acts as a kinetic scaffold that concentrates PI(4,5)P2 and prolongs the membrane dwell time of GTP-RhoA to amplify RhoA effector recruitment (PMID:31105010). Anillin further bridges the spindle and the cortex by interacting with centralspindlin component RacGAP, the RhoGEF Ect2, the formin mDia2, and microtubules, thereby positioning contractile-ring assembly relative to the central spindle (PMID:18158242, PMID:18349071, PMID:20660154, PMID:22514687, PMID:24994938). Its activity is tightly cell-cycle controlled: APC/C-Cdh1 targets anillin for ubiquitin-mediated degradation, counterbalanced by USP10 deubiquitylation, and mitotic phosphorylation at S635 and importin-mediated conformational and localization control restrict its membrane function to mitosis (PMID:16040610, PMID:36526897, PMID:28081137, PMID:25829492, PMID:28931593). Beyond division, anillin localizes to epithelial cell-cell junctions where it controls junctional RhoA-GTP dynamics, perijunctional actomyosin organization, and tissue mechanics, and it links RhoG signaling to F-actin stabilization during neuronal migration (PMID:24835458, PMID:25809162, PMID:30702429, PMID:25843030). Mutations in ANLN (R431C, G618C) cause familial focal segmental glomerulosclerosis through disrupted CD2AP binding and aberrant podocyte signaling (PMID:24676636).

Mechanistic history

Synthesis pass · year-by-year structured walk · 17 steps
  1. 1995 High

    Establishing that anillin directly binds and bundles actin filaments and concentrates in the cleavage furrow defined it as an actin-organizing component of the contractile apparatus.

    Evidence Actin filament chromatography, domain mapping, and in vitro bundling assays with immunofluorescence in Drosophila

    PMID:7559773

    Open questions at the time
    • Mechanism of force generation not addressed
    • Furrow targeting determinants unknown
  2. 2004 High

    Identifying a phosphorylation-regulated direct interaction with nonmuscle myosin II showed anillin spatially coordinates myosin contraction during cytokinesis.

    Evidence Direct binding assays and RNAi depletion in Drosophila and human cells with time-lapse imaging

    PMID:15496454

    Open questions at the time
    • Kinase responsible for the regulatory phosphorylation not defined
    • Structural basis of myosin binding unresolved
  3. 2005 High

    Anillin abundance was shown to be cell-cycle controlled by APC/C-Cdh1 ubiquitination, explaining its mitotic peak and its role in late-cytokinesis contractility.

    Evidence In vitro APC/C substrate screen, ubiquitination assays, and Cdh1 manipulation

    PMID:16040610

    Open questions at the time
    • Deubiquitylase counterbalance not yet identified at this stage
  4. 2005 High

    Genetic and biochemical work tied anillin to septin recruitment via its PH domain and to RhoA-dependent actin organization, establishing it as a multivalent scaffold.

    Evidence Drosophila allele series and Co-IP/siRNA in human cells

    PMID:15930114 PMID:16357138

    Open questions at the time
    • RhoA interaction in human cells based on single Co-IP
    • PI3K/AKT link pharmacologic only
  5. 2007 High

    Discovery of a Rhotekin-homologous Rho-binding domain and a direct RacGAP interaction established anillin as the molecular bridge connecting RhoA, the central spindle, and the actomyosin ring.

    Evidence Sequence/homology analysis, direct binding, in vitro interaction, RNAi and epistasis across species

    PMID:17488632 PMID:18158242 PMID:18158243

    Open questions at the time
    • Structural definition of the RhoA-binding interface not yet resolved
    • Quantitative contribution to furrow positioning unclear
  6. 2008 High

    AP-MS interactome and Ran-regulated septin targeting refined the network of anillin partners and showed importins gate its septin-recruiting activity.

    Evidence Affinity purification/MS, in vitro binding, importin pulldowns, and Ran manipulation in Drosophila

    PMID:18349071 PMID:18579688

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct vs indirect nature of some interactome hits not fully separated
  7. 2010 Medium

    Anillin was shown to relieve mDia2 autoinhibition, coupling it to formin-driven actin assembly during cytokinesis.

    Evidence Pulldown, DID/DAD competition, and RNAi rescue in NIH 3T3 cells

    PMID:20660154

    Open questions at the time
    • Single-lab study
    • In vivo relevance of the competition not fully reconstituted
  8. 2011 High

    The PH domain was defined as a dual-function module binding PI(4,5)P2 for furrow targeting and recruiting septins, and Citron kinase and microtubule interactions placed anillin within upstream cortical polarization control.

    Evidence Lipid binding assays with PH mutagenesis, Co-IP, and RNAi across human and C. elegans systems

    PMID:21737681 PMID:21849473 PMID:22197245

    Open questions at the time
    • Separation of PI(4,5)P2 and septin functions within the PH domain incompletely mapped
    • Citron kinase and microtubule findings single-lab
  9. 2012 Medium

    Domain-truncation and Ect2 interaction studies established anillin as a bifunctional linker whose N-terminus engages the actomyosin ring while the C-terminus anchors membrane/septin and stabilizes spindle microtubules at the cortex.

    Evidence Truncation analysis, Co-IP with PH mutagenesis, and imaging in Drosophila and human cells

    PMID:22226749 PMID:22514687

    Open questions at the time
    • Ect2 interaction based on single Co-IP
    • Not fully reconstituted in vitro
  10. 2014 High

    Crystal structures revealed a cryptic C2 domain and RBD that, with the PH domain, synergistically anchor anillin to membrane via RhoA and phospholipids, providing the structural basis for cortical targeting.

    Evidence X-ray crystallography with functional mutagenesis and lipid binding assays

    PMID:25959226

    Open questions at the time
    • Full-length conformational dynamics not captured
    • Stoichiometry of RhoA/lipid co-engagement undefined
  11. 2014 High

    Anillin was shown to function at epithelial junctions and in podocytes, broadening its role beyond cytokinesis and revealing it governs junctional RhoA-GTP dynamics and a disease-relevant podocyte function.

    Evidence Xenopus morpholino with RhoA biosensor imaging; human genetics, Co-IP, and zebrafish knockdown for FSGS mutations

    PMID:24676636 PMID:24835458 PMID:24994938 PMID:25359885

    Open questions at the time
    • Mechanistic link between junctional and cytokinetic functions incompletely defined
    • p190RhoGAP and microtubule competition findings single-lab
  12. 2015 High

    Anillin was established as a direct effector of RhoG in neuronal migration and as an importin-β2 nuclear-sequestered protein, defining interphase regulation that restricts its membrane activity to mitosis.

    Evidence Biochemical RhoG pulldown, in vitro F-actin severing assays, CRISPR conditional mutagenesis, and NLS/importin binding assays

    PMID:25809162 PMID:25829492 PMID:25843030

    Open questions at the time
    • Importin and JNK-junction findings single-lab
    • Cross-talk between nuclear pool and cortical pool quantitatively undefined
  13. 2017 Medium

    Phosphoregulation and Ran/importin conformational control were mapped, showing S635 phosphorylation and RhoA-antagonized NLS autoinhibition spatially license cortical recruitment.

    Evidence Systematic phosphomutant screen with phosphospecific antibody; Ran manipulation and NLS mutagenesis with live imaging

    PMID:28081137 PMID:28931593

    Open questions at the time
    • Identity of the S635 kinase not established
    • Single-lab studies
  14. 2019 High

    Single-molecule and biophysical work defined anillin as a kinetic scaffold that prolongs GTP-RhoA membrane dwell time with PI(4,5)P2 and as a regulator of medial-apical actomyosin and tissue mechanics.

    Evidence FRAP/single-molecule imaging, PIP2 manipulation, kinetic modeling, laser ablation, and traction force microscopy in Xenopus and mammalian cells

    PMID:30702429 PMID:31105010 PMID:31395079

    Open questions at the time
    • Kinetic scaffolding model not extended to all anillin functional contexts
    • Cancer miRNA axis (LASP1) is a separate Medium-confidence pathway
  15. 2020 Medium

    Importin binding was reinterpreted as a positive conformational regulator opening the C2 domain, and yeast and breast cancer studies extended anillin's roles to septin remodeling and EMT/stemness control.

    Evidence RhoA/importin binding assays with domain mutants; yeast genetics; CRISPR KO with rescue and xenograft in breast cancer

    PMID:31910867 PMID:32197082 PMID:32238082

    Open questions at the time
    • Conformational model single-lab
    • Transcriptional reprogramming mechanism downstream of ANLN loss not fully resolved
  16. 2022 Medium

    USP10 was identified as the deubiquitylase counterbalancing APC/C-Cdh1, and CIN85 and a PLK1-RACGAP1 scaffolding role refined the partner network controlling septin delivery and contractile fidelity.

    Evidence Co-IP, ubiquitin linkage analysis, kinase assays, RNAi, and an Anln knockout mouse model

    PMID:35477750 PMID:36044846 PMID:36526897

    Open questions at the time
    • CIN85 and PLK1 axes single-lab
    • Integration of degradation control with mitotic timing incompletely quantified
  17. 2023 Medium

    Nuclear ANLN was shown to act in transcriptional complexes (with SP1) and as a Hippo/YAP-TAZ target, implicating it in oncogenic transcriptional programs and metastasis.

    Evidence Nuclear Co-IP, ChIP, luciferase reporters, m6A assays, and in vivo CRISPRi/HCC models

    PMID:36894036 PMID:36923927

    Open questions at the time
    • Nuclear transcriptional role distinct from scaffold function mechanistically unclear
    • Single-lab studies

Open questions

Synthesis pass · forward-looking unresolved questions
  • How anillin's distinct functional pools—cytokinetic scaffold, junctional regulator, and nuclear transcriptional partner—are coordinated and switched within a single cell remains unresolved.
  • No unified model linking conformational state to functional pool
  • Kinase identity for several regulatory phosphosites unknown
  • Structural basis of nuclear transcriptional complexes undefined

Mechanism profile

Synthesis pass · controlled-vocabulary classification · explore literature graph →
Molecular activity
GO:0060090 molecular adaptor activity 4 GO:0008092 cytoskeletal protein binding 3 GO:0005198 structural molecule activity 2 GO:0008289 lipid binding 2 GO:0098772 molecular function regulator activity 2
Localization
GO:0005634 nucleus 3 GO:0005856 cytoskeleton 3 GO:0005886 plasma membrane 3 GO:0005815 microtubule organizing center 2
Pathway
R-HSA-1640170 Cell Cycle 4 R-HSA-162582 Signal Transduction 3 R-HSA-1500931 Cell-Cell communication 2
Partners
CD2APDIAPH3ECT2MYH9RACGAP1RHOASEPT9USP10
Complex memberships
actomyosin contractile ringcentralspindlin-associated cortical complexmidbody ring

Evidence

Reading pass · 41 per-paper findings extracted from the source corpus
Year Finding Method Journal Conf PMIDs
1995 Anillin (Drosophila) directly binds actin filaments and bundles them through a defined 244-amino-acid domain; it localizes to the nucleus during interphase and becomes enriched in the cleavage furrow with myosin II during anaphase-telophase, suggesting a role in organizing/stabilizing contractile domains of the actin cytoskeleton. Actin filament chromatography, cDNA cloning, bacterial expression of protein fragments for domain mapping, in vitro actin binding/bundling assays, immunofluorescence The Journal of cell biology High 7559773
2004 Anillin directly interacts with nonmuscle myosin II, and this interaction is regulated by myosin light chain phosphorylation; depletion of anillin in Drosophila or human cells causes cytokinesis failure with loss of spatial regulation of myosin II contraction and failure of abscission. Direct binding assays, RNAi depletion in Drosophila and human cultured cells, immunofluorescence, time-lapse microscopy Molecular biology of the cell High 15496454
2005 Anillin is a substrate of the APC/C ubiquitin ligase activated by Cdh1; anillin contains a destruction-box, is ubiquitinated in a Cdh1-dependent manner, and its levels peak in mitosis and drop during mitotic exit. APC/C-mediated degradation controls spatial contractility of myosin during late cytokinesis. In vitro expression screen for APC/C substrates, ubiquitination assay, Cdh1 overexpression and APC/C inactivation experiments, cell biology assays, knockdown The Journal of biological chemistry High 16040610
2005 Drosophila anillin (encoded by the scraps gene) is required for septin recruitment to the furrow canal and contractile ring; PH domain mutations cause defects in septin localization, membrane stabilization, and cellularization; a more N-terminal mutation blocks pole cell separation. Genetic analysis of Drosophila anillin alleles (maternal effect and zygotic), immunofluorescence, characterization of cellularization and cytokinesis phenotypes Development (Cambridge, England) High 15930114
2005 Human ANLN interacts with RhoA and induces actin stress fibers; PI3K/AKT activity regulates ANLN stability and nuclear localization; siRNA knockdown of ANLN in NSCLC cells causes multinucleation and cell death. Co-immunoprecipitation, siRNA knockdown, overexpression, PI3K inhibitor treatment, immunofluorescence Cancer research Medium 16357138
2007 Human anillin contains a conserved C-terminal domain homologous to the RhoA-binding protein Rhotekin that directly interacts with RhoA; anillin functions as a scaffold linking RhoA to actin and myosin at the equatorial cortex; furrows can initiate without anillin but require anillin when the central spindle is also disrupted. Sequence homology analysis, direct binding assays, RNAi depletion, epistasis with central spindle perturbation, immunofluorescence Current biology : CB High 18158243
2007 Anillin and septins promote asymmetric furrow ingression in C. elegans; anillin and septins promote coalescence of contractile ring components on one side of the ring, and disruption of this asymmetry makes cytokinesis sensitive to partial contractility inhibition. RNAi depletion in C. elegans, time-lapse microscopy, quantification of furrow ingression asymmetry Developmental cell High 17488632
2007 Drosophila RacGAP50C directly interacts with Anillin; both proteins depend on this interaction for their localization; in the absence of anillin, spindle-associated RacGAP50C loses equatorial cortex association and cytokinesis fails, establishing a direct molecular link between spindle microtubules and the actomyosin contractile ring. Genetic analysis, co-localization in vivo, in vitro interaction assay, RNAi depletion Current biology : CB High 18158242
2008 Affinity-purification/MS of Anillin interactors in Drosophila cells identified actin, myosin, three septins, and RacGAP50C (Tum); F-actin is essential for cortical Anillin localization in prometaphase but not for furrow accumulation; septins travel along microtubules to interact with Anillin at the furrow; RacGAP50C is necessary for Anillin accumulation at the furrow and the two proteins interact in vitro. Affinity purification coupled with mass spectrometry, RNAi, drug treatments, in vitro binding, immunofluorescence Journal of cell science High 18349071
2008 Ran regulates anillin-dependent targeting of the septin Peanut to pseudocleavage furrows in Drosophila; importin-α and importin-β directly bind anillin and prevent its interaction with Peanut; RanGTP reverses this inhibition; a mutant anillin lacking the importin binding site renders furrow ingression insensitive to Ran pathway disruption. In vitro biochemical binding assays, importin pulldown, dominant-negative Ran expression, immunofluorescence in Drosophila syncytial embryos Molecular biology of the cell High 18579688
2010 mDia2 interacts with anillin via its diaphanous-inhibitory domain (DID); anillin binding is competitive with the diaphanous autoregulatory domain (DAD) autoinhibitory interaction; both Rho GTPase-mediated activation and anillin interaction are required for mDia2 localization and function in cytokinesis. Pulldown assays, RNAi, functional rescue experiments in NIH 3T3 cells Molecular biology of the cell Medium 20660154
2011 The PH domain of anillin directly binds PI(4,5)P2; reduction of cellular PI(4,5)P2 or PH domain mutations that disrupt PI(4,5)P2 binding impair anillin localization to the furrow; the PH domain has two functions: PI(4,5)P2-mediated furrow targeting and septin recruitment to the furrow. PIP binding assays, site-directed mutagenesis of PH domain, PI(4,5)P2 depletion, RNAi rescue experiments, immunofluorescence Current biology : CB High 22197245
2011 Citron kinase (CIT-K) physically and functionally interacts with anillin; CIT-K is an upstream regulator (not effector) of RhoA during late cytokinesis; active RhoA and anillin are displaced from the midbody in CIT-K-depleted cells; overexpression of anillin alone delays abscission independently of RhoA. Co-immunoprecipitation, RNAi depletion, RhoA inactivation, overexpression in mammalian cells, immunofluorescence Molecular biology of the cell Medium 21849473
2011 Anillin (ANI-1) promotes astral microtubule-directed cortical myosin polarization in C. elegans embryos; microtubule-directed myosin II polarization is aberrant without ANI-1; anillin interacts with microtubules providing an inhibitory mechanism to promote cell cortex polarization for cytokinesis. RNAi depletion, time-lapse microscopy in C. elegans embryos, microtubule binding assays Molecular biology of the cell Medium 21737681
2012 Anillin acts as a bifunctional linker coordinating midbody ring biogenesis: the N-terminus connects with the actomyosin contractile ring and supports midbody ring formation; the C-terminus (via septin Peanut) ensures stable anchoring of the plasma membrane; loss of either function prevents complete cytokinesis. RNAi depletion, truncation analysis, time-lapse microscopy in Drosophila S2 cells Current biology : CB High 22226749
2012 Anillin interacts with the PH domain of Ect2 (RhoGEF) in human cells; the anillin-Ect2 complex stabilizes central spindle microtubules at the cortex during cytokinesis; a PH domain mutation disrupting phospholipid association weakens the anillin-Ect2 interaction. Co-immunoprecipitation, PH domain mutagenesis, immunofluorescence in cultured human cells PloS one Medium 22514687
2014 Crystal structures of human anillin C-terminal region reveal a cryptic C2 domain and a Rho-binding domain; together with the PH domain, three membrane-associating elements (C2, RBD, PH) synergistically bind RhoA and phospholipids to anchor anillin at the cleavage furrow. X-ray crystallography, functional mutagenesis, lipid binding assays, cell biological validation Developmental cell High 25959226
2014 Anillin localizes to epithelial cell-cell junctions throughout the cell cycle in Xenopus embryos and regulates junction integrity; anillin knockdown disrupts tight and adherens junctions, increases dynamic RhoA-GTP flares at junctions, and reduces junctional F-actin and myosin II accumulation. Morpholino knockdown in Xenopus laevis embryos, live imaging of RhoA-GTP biosensor, immunofluorescence, laser ablation Current biology : CB High 24835458
2014 Mutations in ANLN (R431C and G618C) cause familial FSGS; the R431C mutant displays reduced binding to the slit-diaphragm scaffold protein CD2AP, enhanced podocyte motility, and loss-of-function in zebrafish glomerular filtration; anillin is required for podocyte actin cytoskeleton integrity. Whole-exome sequencing, family linkage, Co-IP for CD2AP interaction, overexpression in human podocytes, zebrafish morpholino knockdown Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : JASN High 24676636
2014 Human anillin interacts with astral microtubules; astral and central spindle microtubules independently control contractile protein localization; RhoA-GTP binding to anillin competes with its microtubule interaction; anillin restricts myosin to the equatorial cortex and NuMA to the polar cortex. Microtubule binding assays, RNAi, immunofluorescence in human cells Journal of cell science Medium 24994938
2014 A complex of p190RhoGAP-A and anillin modulates RhoA-GTP levels at the cytokinetic furrow; p190RhoGAP-A mutants that cannot bind anillin or inactivate RhoA fail to rescue cytokinesis defects; excess RhoA-GTP from p190RhoGAP-A depletion prevents progression to abscission. Co-immunoprecipitation, RNAi, mutant rescue experiments, blebbistatin pharmacology in human cells Journal of cell science Medium 25359885
2015 Anillin (Drosophila and C. elegans) directly links RhoG/MIG-2 signaling to the actin cytoskeleton during neuronal migration and neurite growth: the active form of RhoG directly binds anillin and recruits it to the leading edge, where the anillin actin-binding domain stabilizes F-actin by antagonizing cofilin-mediated severing. Somatic CRISPR-Cas9 conditional mutagenesis in C. elegans, biochemical pulldown of RhoG-anillin interaction, in vitro F-actin severing assays, live imaging Current biology : CB High 25843030
2015 Importin-β2 targets anillin to the nucleus during interphase via a noncanonical PY-NLS; nuclear sequestration restricts anillin's membrane function to mitosis; importin-β2 binding does not regulate mitotic function but prevents cytosolic accumulation that disrupts interphase architecture. NLS mapping, importin-β2 binding assays, Ran-dependent nuclear import assays, immunofluorescence in human cells The Journal of biological chemistry Medium 25829492
2015 Anillin knockdown disrupts tight and adherens junctions in human epithelial cells; this is accompanied by disorganization of the perijunctional actomyosin belt, decreased γ-adducin expression, and cytoplasmic aggregation of αII-spectrin; JNK activation mediates the junctional defects, and JNK inhibition restores junction integrity in anillin-depleted cells. siRNA knockdown in human epithelial cell lines, immunofluorescence, JNK inhibitor rescue, western blotting Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS Medium 25809162
2015 Active Ran/importin gradient spatially restricts anillin to the equatorial cortex; anillin contains a conserved NLS that binds importin-β; RhoA-GTP binding to anillin's RBD domain autoinhibits the NLS and nearby microtubule-binding domain; importin-β binding stabilizes a conformation favoring cortical recruitment during cytokinesis. Ran-GTP manipulation, importin binding assays, NLS mutagenesis, live-cell imaging in human cells Molecular biology of the cell Medium 28931593
2017 Phosphorylation of anillin at S635 (adjacent to the AH domain) by mitotic kinases is required for efficient recruitment to the equatorial membrane at anaphase onset; a S635A mutant shows impaired cortical recruitment and cytokinesis failure; a phosphomimetic S635D partially restores localization. Systematic phosphomutant screen (46 sites), phosphospecific antibody, time-lapse videomicroscopy, rescue assays in human cells PLoS genetics Medium 28081137
2017 Anillin actin-binding domain harbors three distinct actin-binding sites (ABS1–3); ABS1 and ABS3 bind F-actin in a mutually exclusive fashion; ABS2 and ABS3 are each required and together sufficient for cortical localization during cytokinesis; anillin can cross-link actin filaments in parallel and antiparallel orientations and promotes 3D F-actin bundle formation. In vitro binding assays, electron microscopy on recombinant fragments, depletion-rescue in Drosophila S2 cells, immunofluorescence Journal of molecular biology High 28147230
2018 The ANLN R431C FSGS mutation causes hyperactivation of PI3K/AKT/mTOR/p70S6K/Rac1 signaling and mTOR-driven ER stress in podocytes; inhibition of mTOR, GSK-3β, Rac1, or calcineurin ameliorates R431C effects; calcineurin/NFAT pathway inhibition reduces endogenous ANLN and mTOR expression. In vivo zebrafish complementation, stable human podocyte cell lines, western blotting, pharmacologic inhibition Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : JASN Medium 30002222
2019 Anillin directly binds GTP-RhoA and concentrates PIP2 at the cortex to promote effector recruitment; a sequential kinetic scaffolding pathway is proposed and tested where GTP-RhoA first binds anillin, is then retained at the membrane by PIP2 after disengaging from anillin, and repeated binding cycles increase GTP-RhoA dwell time to enhance effector recruitment. Direct binding assays, live-cell FRAP/single-molecule imaging, PIP2 manipulation, anillin mutants, quantitative kinetic modeling in Xenopus and mammalian epithelial cells Developmental cell High 31105010
2019 Anillin regulates medial-apical actomyosin in Xenopus epithelial cells; anillin overexpression increases mechano-sensitive vinculin recruitment to junctions (increased tension) but slows junctional recoil after laser ablation; medial-apical laser ablation reveals tensile forces stored across the apical surface that depend on anillin; anillin's effects on cellular mechanics impact tissue-wide mechanics. Laser ablation, vinculin mechanosensor, morpholino knockdown and overexpression in Xenopus embryos, traction force microscopy eLife High 30702429
2019 ANLN knockdown in pancreatic cancer cells inhibits LASP1 expression via upregulation of miR-218-5p; ANLN-induced EZH2 upregulation suppresses miR-218-5p to maintain LASP1 levels; this ANLN→EZH2→miR-218-5p→LASP1 axis promotes pancreatic cancer cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. siRNA knockdown, gene expression microarray, luciferase reporter assays, rescue experiments in vitro and xenograft in vivo Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research : CR Medium 31395079
2020 Importin-β binding to anillin's NLS promotes a conformation that increases accessibility of the C2 domain; active RhoA binding to the RBD initially opens the C2 domain, and subsequent importin binding stabilizes the conformation required for cortical recruitment; this reveals importin-mediated positive regulation (not just nuclear sequestration) of a cortical protein. Binding assays with RhoA and importin-β, domain mutant analysis, live-cell localization assays in human cells Molecular biology of the cell Medium 32238082
2020 The Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor Bud3 and anillin-like Bud4 form a RhoGEF-anillin module essential for septin architectural remodeling from hourglass to double ring in budding yeast; Bud3 stabilizes single septin filaments and Bud4 strengthens interactions between filament types at outer zones of the transitional hourglass. Genetic deletion analysis, fluorescence microscopy, polarization microscopy for filament orientation in S. cerevisiae Current biology : CB Medium 32197082
2020 ANLN is required for cell migration, invasion, and anchorage-independent growth in breast cancer cells; ANLN knockout triggers transcriptional reprogramming suppressing stemness and inducing mesenchymal-to-epithelial trans-differentiation with upregulation of E-cadherin; E-cadherin knockdown restores migration in anillin-deficient cells. CRISPR/Cas9 knockout, wound healing and Matrigel invasion assays, mammosphere formation, xenograft mouse models, RNA-seq, immunofluorescence Breast cancer research : BCR Medium 31910867
2021 Anillin, as a non-motor actin crosslinker, autonomously propels contractility of actin bundles and rings: it generates contractile forces of tens of picoNewtons to maximize overlap lengths between bundled antiparallel actin filaments; contractility is enhanced by actin disassembly and leads to ring constriction in the absence of myosin activity. In vitro reconstitution with purified anillin and actin, optical trap force measurements, TIRF microscopy, actin ring formation assays Nature communications High 34321459
2021 ANLN directly interacts with RhoA (demonstrated by Co-IP) and promotes RhoA activation; ANLN overexpression enhances expression of multidrug resistance proteins MDR1 and BCRP, promoting doxorubicin resistance; C3 transferase (RhoA inhibitor) abolishes ANLN overexpression effects on drug resistance. Co-immunoprecipitation, overexpression, RNAi knockdown, C3 transferase pharmacology, flow cytometry, western blotting in breast cancer cells Cancer management and research Medium 33116832
2022 USP10 deubiquitinase interacts with ANLN and removes K11- and K63-linked ubiquitin chains to prevent APC/C-Cdh1-mediated degradation; USP10 and Cdh1 form a non-competitive complex with ANLN to balance its protein levels; USP10-stabilized ANLN promotes contractile ring assembly and cytokinesis. Co-immunoprecipitation, ubiquitin chain linkage analysis, USP10 knockdown/inhibition, APC/C-Cdh1 complex assays, cell biology in ESCC cells Cell death and differentiation High 36526897
2022 CIN85 interacts directly with the N-terminal region of anillin and with SEPT9; this anillin-CIN85-SEPT9 complex facilitates SEPT9-containing septin filament localization to the intercellular bridge plasma membrane during cytokinesis; the anillin PH domain separately binds septin units lacking SEPT9 but enriched in SEPT11. Direct binding assays, Co-immunoprecipitation, RNAi knockdown, immunofluorescence in human cells Cell reports Medium 36044846
2022 ANLN acts as a scaffold that strengthens the interaction between RACGAP1 and PLK1; ANLN promotes PLK1-mediated RACGAP1 phosphorylation and RhoA activation to ensure cytokinesis fidelity; hepatic Anln ablation in mice enhances polyploidization and impairs c-Myc/NRAS-driven hepatocarcinogenesis. Co-immunoprecipitation, siRNA/shRNA knockdown, kinase assay for PLK1-mediated phosphorylation, Anln knockout mouse model with hydrodynamic transfection of oncogenes, flow cytometry for polyploidy Oncogene Medium 35477750
2023 Nuclear ANLN forms a transcriptional complex with SP1, which enhances KIF2C transcriptional activity to activate the mTORC1 pathway; increased RANKL and disproportionate RANKL-OPG expression in the bone microenvironment drives HCC bone metastasis; ANLN mRNA stability is enhanced via m6A modification by METTL3/YTHDF1. METTL3/YTHDF1 knockdown, m6A assays, ChIP, nuclear ANLN co-immunoprecipitation with SP1, luciferase reporter, xenograft bone metastasis models International journal of biological sciences Medium 36923927
2023 TAZ and TEAD2 transcriptionally upregulate ANLN as a target gene to promote HCC cell proliferation; CRISPRi knockdown of ANLN in a dCas9 knock-in mouse model reduces TAZ-driven and MET/CTNNB1-driven HCC growth in vivo. RNA-seq, ChIP, CRISPRi screen in dCas9 mice, genetic deletion of TAZ in floxed mice via AAV-Cre, in vivo HCC models Gastroenterology Medium 36894036

Source papers

Stage 0 corpus · 100 papers · ranked by NIH iCite citations
Year Title Journal Citations PMID
1995 Anillin, a contractile ring protein that cycles from the nucleus to the cell cortex. The Journal of cell biology 362 7559773
2007 Anillin is a scaffold protein that links RhoA, actin, and myosin during cytokinesis. Current biology : CB 341 18158243
2004 Anillin binds nonmuscle myosin II and regulates the contractile ring. Molecular biology of the cell 226 15496454
2010 The myriad roles of Anillin during cytokinesis. Seminars in cell & developmental biology 216 20732437
2005 ANLN plays a critical role in human lung carcinogenesis through the activation of RHOA and by involvement in the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/AKT pathway. Cancer research 164 16357138
2007 Anillin and the septins promote asymmetric ingression of the cytokinetic furrow. Developmental cell 159 17488632
2003 An anillin homologue, Mid2p, acts during fission yeast cytokinesis to organize the septin ring and promote cell separation. The Journal of cell biology 132 12668659
2006 Anillin localization defect in cardiomyocyte binucleation. Journal of molecular and cellular cardiology 127 16889791
2005 Characterization of anillin mutants reveals essential roles in septin localization and plasma membrane integrity. Development (Cambridge, England) 124 15930114
2008 Mid1p/anillin and the septation initiation network orchestrate contractile ring assembly for cytokinesis. Genes & development 120 19056897
2014 Mutations in the gene that encodes the F-actin binding protein anillin cause FSGS. Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : JASN 116 24676636
2005 Anillin is a substrate of anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C) that controls spatial contractility of myosin during late cytokinesis. The Journal of biological chemistry 112 16040610
2007 Cell division requires a direct link between microtubule-bound RacGAP and Anillin in the contractile ring. Current biology : CB 110 18158242
2015 Mechanistic insights into the anchorage of the contractile ring by anillin and Mid1. Developmental cell 105 25959226
2011 Cleavage furrow organization requires PIP(2)-mediated recruitment of anillin. Current biology : CB 105 22197245
2009 How to scaffold the contractile ring for a safe cytokinesis - lessons from Anillin-related proteins. Journal of cell science 103 19339546
2011 Citron kinase controls abscission through RhoA and anillin. Molecular biology of the cell 101 21849473
2008 Interaction between Anillin and RacGAP50C connects the actomyosin contractile ring with spindle microtubules at the cell division site. Journal of cell science 100 18349071
2019 ANLN-induced EZH2 upregulation promotes pancreatic cancer progression by mediating miR-218-5p/LASP1 signaling axis. Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research : CR 94 31395079
2017 Knockdown of Anillin Actin Binding Protein Blocks Cytokinesis in Hepatocytes and Reduces Liver Tumor Development in Mice Without Affecting Regeneration. Gastroenterology 93 29274368
2014 Anillin regulates cell-cell junction integrity by organizing junctional accumulation of Rho-GTP and actomyosin. Current biology : CB 93 24835458
2012 Anillin acts as a bifunctional linker coordinating midbody ring biogenesis during cytokinesis. Current biology : CB 89 22226749
2014 Knockdown of ANLN by lentivirus inhibits cell growth and migration in human breast cancer. Molecular and cellular biochemistry 82 25223638
2010 Rho and anillin-dependent control of mDia2 localization and function in cytokinesis. Molecular biology of the cell 82 20660154
2009 Spatial control of cytokinesis by Cdr2 kinase and Mid1/anillin nuclear export. Current biology : CB 81 19427212
1989 Characterization and sequence analysis of the scrA gene encoding enzyme IIScr of the Streptococcus mutans phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent sucrose phosphotransferase system. Journal of bacteriology 78 2536656
2017 Regulation of actin-binding protein ANLN by antitumor miR-217 inhibits cancer cell aggressiveness in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Oncotarget 77 28881803
2005 The septin-binding protein anillin is overexpressed in diverse human tumors. Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research 77 16203764
2012 An anillin-Ect2 complex stabilizes central spindle microtubules at the cortex during cytokinesis. PloS one 74 22514687
2019 Anillin Promotes Cell Contractility by Cyclic Resetting of RhoA Residence Kinetics. Developmental cell 73 31105010
1999 The role of anillin in meiotic cytokinesis of Drosophila males. Journal of cell science 73 10381388
2008 Anillin: a pivotal organizer of the cytokinetic machinery. Biochemical Society transactions 69 18481976
2023 A Therapeutically Targetable TAZ-TEAD2 Pathway Drives the Growth of Hepatocellular Carcinoma via ANLN and KIF23. Gastroenterology 62 36894036
2019 Overexpression of ANLN in lung adenocarcinoma is associated with metastasis. Thoracic cancer 62 31268619
2014 C. elegans Anillin proteins regulate intercellular bridge stability and germline syncytial organization. The Journal of cell biology 58 24982432
2018 Anillin is required for tumor growth and regulated by miR-15a/miR-16-1 in HBV-related hepatocellular carcinoma. Aging 56 30103211
2021 MiR-16-5p suppresses breast cancer proliferation by targeting ANLN. BMC cancer 53 34743685
2015 Anillin Regulates Neuronal Migration and Neurite Growth by Linking RhoG to the Actin Cytoskeleton. Current biology : CB 53 25843030
2021 Circular RNA circ-MMP11 Contributes to Lapatinib Resistance of Breast Cancer Cells by Regulating the miR-153-3p/ANLN Axis. Frontiers in oncology 51 34295807
2018 The Human FSGS-Causing ANLN R431C Mutation Induces Dysregulated PI3K/AKT/mTOR/Rac1 Signaling in Podocytes. Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : JASN 51 30002222
2009 NBL1 and anillin (ANLN) genes over-expression in pancreatic carcinoma. Folia histochemica et cytobiologica 50 19995712
1988 DNA sequence of the gene scrA encoding the sucrose transport protein EnzymellScr of the phosphotransferase system from enteric bacteria: homology of the EnzymellScr and EnzymellBgl proteins. Molecular microbiology 49 28776786
2022 Targeting USP10 induces degradation of oncogenic ANLN in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Cell death and differentiation 48 36526897
2020 LncRNA XIST promotes chemoresistance of breast cancer cells to doxorubicin by sponging miR-200c-3p to upregulate ANLN. Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology 47 32198770
2010 Cindr interacts with anillin to control cytokinesis in Drosophila melanogaster. Current biology : CB 47 20451383
2008 Anillin-mediated targeting of peanut to pseudocleavage furrows is regulated by the GTPase Ran. Molecular biology of the cell 47 18579688
2015 F-actin binding protein, anillin, regulates integrity of intercellular junctions in human epithelial cells. Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS 45 25809162
2019 Anillin regulates epithelial cell mechanics by structuring the medial-apical actomyosin network. eLife 44 30702429
2021 Anillin propels myosin-independent constriction of actin rings. Nature communications 41 34321459
2020 Anillin regulates breast cancer cell migration, growth, and metastasis by non-canonical mechanisms involving control of cell stemness and differentiation. Breast cancer research : BCR 41 31910867
2012 Mid1/anillin and the spatial regulation of cytokinesis in fission yeast. Cytoskeleton (Hoboken, N.J.) 40 22888038
2020 Anillin is an emerging regulator of tumorigenesis, acting as a cortical cytoskeletal scaffold and a nuclear modulator of cancer cell differentiation. Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS 39 32880660
2012 Anillin-related protein Mid1p coordinates the assembly of the cytokinetic contractile ring in fission yeast. Molecular biology of the cell 39 22918943
2011 Anillin promotes astral microtubule-directed cortical myosin polarization. Molecular biology of the cell 38 21737681
2020 CDK1-PLK1/SGOL2/ANLN pathway mediating abnormal cell division in cell cycle may be a critical process in hepatocellular carcinoma. Cell cycle (Georgetown, Tex.) 36 32275843
1993 Cloning and characterization of the scrA gene encoding the sucrose-specific Enzyme II of the phosphotransferase system from Staphylococcus xylosus. Molecular & general genetics : MGG 36 8232209
2017 Anillin Phosphorylation Controls Timely Membrane Association and Successful Cytokinesis. PLoS genetics 35 28081137
2014 In silico analysis of expression pattern of a Wnt/β-catenin responsive gene ANLN in gastric cancer. Gene 35 24809965
2014 A complex of p190RhoGAP-A and anillin modulates RhoA-GTP and the cytokinetic furrow in human cells. Journal of cell science 32 25359885
1995 Use of a novel mobilizable vector to inactivate the scrA gene of Streptococcus sobrinus by allelic replacement. Journal of bacteriology 32 7665480
2014 Anillin interacts with microtubules and is part of the astral pathway that defines cortical domains. Journal of cell science 31 24994938
2023 N6-Methyladenosine Modification of ANLN Enhances Hepatocellular Carcinoma Bone Metastasis. International journal of biological sciences 30 36923927
2022 Exosomal LINC00460/miR-503-5p/ANLN positive feedback loop aggravates pancreatic cancer progression through regulating T cell-mediated cytotoxicity and PD-1 checkpoint. Cancer cell international 30 36482354
2015 PAR-4 and anillin regulate myosin to coordinate spindle and furrow position during asymmetric division. The Journal of cell biology 30 26416962
2013 Supervillin binding to myosin II and synergism with anillin are required for cytokinesis. Molecular biology of the cell 29 24088567
2012 Cdk and the anillin homolog Bud4 define a new pathway regulating septin organization in yeast. Cell cycle (Georgetown, Tex.) 29 22185758
2022 Targeting anillin inhibits tumorigenesis and tumor growth in hepatocellular carcinoma via impairing cytokinesis fidelity. Oncogene 28 35477750
1996 Molecular analysis of the scrA and scrB genes from Klebsiella pneumoniae and plasmid pUR400, which encode the sucrose transport protein Enzyme II Scr of the phosphotransferase system and a sucrose-6-phosphate invertase. Molecular & general genetics : MGG 28 8628219
2020 Critical Roles of a RhoGEF-Anillin Module in Septin Architectural Remodeling during Cytokinesis. Current biology : CB 27 32197082
1991 Construction of scrA::lacZ gene fusions to investigate regulation of the sucrose PTS of Streptococcus mutans. FEMS microbiology letters 27 1905660
2017 Active Ran regulates anillin function during cytokinesis. Molecular biology of the cell 26 28931593
1992 Genetic analysis of scrA and scrB from Streptococcus sobrinus 6715. Infection and immunity 26 1500184
2021 Alternatively spliced ANLN isoforms synergistically contribute to the progression of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Cell death & disease 25 34344861
2020 Fission yeast Pak1 phosphorylates anillin-like Mid1 for spatial control of cytokinesis. The Journal of cell biology 25 32421151
1988 DNA sequence of the gene scrA encoding the sucrose transport protein EnzymeII(Scr) of the phosphotransferase system from enteric bacteria: homology of the EnzymeII(Scr) and EnzymeII(Bgl) proteins. Molecular microbiology 25 3285123
2021 ANLN Enhances Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Stemness Through TWIST1 and BMP2 and Promotes its Spheroid Growth. Frontiers in molecular biosciences 24 34277708
2015 Importin β2 Mediates the Spatio-temporal Regulation of Anillin through a Noncanonical Nuclear Localization Signal. The Journal of biological chemistry 24 25829492
2017 Multimodal and Polymorphic Interactions between Anillin and Actin: Their Implications for Cytokinesis. Journal of molecular biology 23 28147230
2015 Asymmetric inheritance of the apical domain and self-renewal of retinal ganglion cell progenitors depend on Anillin function. Development (Cambridge, England) 23 25655700
2020 Anillin facilitates cell proliferation and induces tumor growth of hepatocellular carcinoma via miR-138/SOX4 axis regulation. Translational oncology 21 32645689
2020 Importin binding mediates the intramolecular regulation of anillin during cytokinesis. Molecular biology of the cell 20 32238082
2019 NDR Kinase Sid2 Drives Anillin-like Mid1 from the Membrane to Promote Cytokinesis and Medial Division Site Placement. Current biology : CB 20 30853434
2019 Visualizing dynamic actin cross-linking processes driven by the actin-binding protein anillin. FEBS letters 19 31853940
2021 ANLN Regulated by miR-30a-5p Mediates Malignant Progression of Lung Adenocarcinoma. Computational and mathematical methods in medicine 18 34777569
2019 ANLN and TLE2 in Muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer: A Functional and Clinical Evaluation Based on In Silico and In Vitro Data. Cancers 18 31766561
2023 Knockdown of ANLN inhibits the progression of lung adenocarcinoma via pyroptosis activation. Molecular medicine reports 17 37539739
2022 Comprehensive analyses reveal the carcinogenic and immunological roles of ANLN in human cancers. Cancer cell international 17 35568883
2021 ANLN promotes carcinogenesis in oral cancer by regulating the PI3K/mTOR signaling pathway. Head & face medicine 17 34082790
2022 E2F7 enhances hepatocellular carcinoma growth by preserving the SP1/SOX4/Anillin axis via repressing miRNA-383-5p transcription. Molecular carcinogenesis 16 35924788
2022 An anillin-CIN85-SEPT9 complex promotes intercellular bridge maturation required for successful cytokinesis. Cell reports 16 36044846
2019 The chemistry and pharmacology of putative synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonist (SCRA) new psychoactive substances (NPS) 5F-PY-PICA, 5F-PY-PINACA, and their analogs. Drug testing and analysis 16 30838752
2022 Septin filament compaction into rings requires the anillin Mid2 and contractile ring constriction. Cell reports 15 35443188
2020 ANLN Directly Interacts with RhoA to Promote Doxorubicin Resistance in Breast Cancer Cells. Cancer management and research 15 33116832
2018 Visualization of endothelial cell cycle dynamics in mouse using the Flt-1/eGFP-anillin system. Angiogenesis 15 29417260
2015 Subcellular localisation of anillin is associated with different survival outcomes in upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma. Journal of clinical pathology 15 26135313
1991 Characterization of the major promoter for the plasmid-encoded sucrose genes scrY, scrA, and scrB. Journal of bacteriology 15 1938944
2020 Nocodazole-Induced Expression and Phosphorylation of Anillin and Other Mitotic Proteins Are Decreased in DNA-Dependent Protein Kinase Catalytic Subunit-Deficient Cells and Rescued by Inhibition of the Anaphase-Promoting Complex/Cyclosome with proTAME but Not Apcin. Molecular and cellular biology 14 32284347
2021 ANLN, Regulated by SP2, Promotes Colorectal Carcinoma Cell Proliferation via PI3K/AKT and MAPK Signaling Pathway. Journal of investigative surgery : the official journal of the Academy of Surgical Research 13 33757382
2022 Clinical implication and immunological landscape analyses of ANLN in pan-cancer: A new target for cancer research. Cancer medicine 12 36030492
2020 Anillin: The First Proofreading-like Scaffold? BioEssays : news and reviews in molecular, cellular and developmental biology 12 32735042

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