Affinage

ZBTB33

Transcriptional regulator Kaiso · UniProt Q86T24

Length
672 aa
Mass
74.5 kDa
Annotated
2026-06-11
100 papers in source corpus 51 papers cited in narrative 51 extracted findings
Cross-family judge vs UniProt: tie faithfulness: 9/9 claims corpus-supported (100%)

Mechanistic narrative

Synthesis pass · prose summary of the discoveries below

ZBTB33/Kaiso is a dual-specificity BTB/POZ-zinc finger transcription factor that controls gene silencing programs in development, cell-cycle progression, and cancer by reading both methylated CpG DNA and a sequence-specific consensus (PMID:11445535, PMID:12087177, PMID:39702290). Its three zinc fingers, together with N- and C-terminal extensions, recognize a methylated CpG (5'CGCG) site and the unmethylated KBS consensus (TCCTGCNA); high-affinity binding requires all three fingers plus flanking regions and a conserved C-terminal extension that folds upon DNA contact (PMID:12087177, PMID:22949637, PMID:22300642). At atomic resolution, glutamate E535 in zinc finger 1 discriminates methylated from unmethylated CpG (~100-fold) through CH···O hydrogen bonds to 5-methylcytosine and acts as a conformational switch that also screens KBS flanking sequence (PMID:22949637, PMID:29546986, PMID:32352758); in vivo, Kaiso occupies CGCG and CTGCNAT motifs with preference for methylated CpG islands, and an E535A mutant retains sequence-specific KBS binding in cells (PMID:39702290). Through its zinc fingers and POZ domain, Kaiso tethers corepressor machinery—the N-CoR/HDAC complex, MTG16, and SMRT—to target promoters, producing histone hypoacetylation and H3K9 methylation and silencing genes including MTA2, cyclin D1, matrilysin/MMP-7, and CDKN2A (PMID:14527417, PMID:23226276, PMID:23251453, PMID:22521691). Kaiso function is gated by its binding partner p120-catenin: nuclear translocation of p120-catenin, driven by Wnt/CK1ε-mediated phosphorylation, relieves Kaiso DNA binding and repression of targets such as Wnt11, Siamois, and MMP-7 (PMID:10207085, PMID:15138284, PMID:15817151, PMID:21670201). In Xenopus, Kaiso maintains transcriptional silencing of methylated genes before the mid-blastula transition and intersects the canonical Wnt/β-catenin–TCF axis (PMID:15548582, PMID:15935774). SUMOylation at K42, enhanced by TRIM28, converts Kaiso from a repressor into an activator on methylated promoters and is reversed by hyperosmotic stress (PMID:29472715, PMID:36252888). Kaiso participates in the DNA-damage response by joining the p53–p300 complex to direct p53 acetylation and activate CDKN1A and apoptotic genes (PMID:25288747). Kaiso-null mice are viable but show delayed Apc(Min/+)-driven intestinal tumorigenesis, and Kaiso modulates de novo DNA methylation via association with DNMT3a/3b (PMID:16354691, PMID:34299205).

Mechanistic history

Synthesis pass · year-by-year structured walk · 17 steps
  1. 1999 High

    Established Kaiso as a BTB/POZ zinc finger protein physically linked to the cell-adhesion regulator p120-catenin, framing it as the nuclear effector of a catenin signaling arm.

    Evidence Yeast two-hybrid screen and reciprocal Co-IP with domain mapping in mammalian cells

    PMID:10207085

    Open questions at the time
    • No DNA target or transcriptional activity defined yet
    • Functional consequence of p120 binding unknown
  2. 2001 High

    Answered what DNA Kaiso recognizes by showing it is a methyl-CpG-dependent repressor requiring symmetric methylated CpGs, placing it among methyl-DNA readers.

    Evidence Biochemical purification (MeCP1 fractionation) and transient transfection reporter assays

    PMID:11445535

    Open questions at the time
    • Corepressor machinery not identified
    • In vivo target genes not defined
  3. 2002 High

    Resolved that Kaiso is dual-specificity, binding both a sequence-specific KBS consensus and methylated CpG, and that p120-catenin inhibits both binding modes.

    Evidence EMSA with GST-Kaiso fusions, zinc finger deletion analysis, SELEX-type assays

    PMID:12087177

    Open questions at the time
    • Structural basis of dual recognition unresolved
    • Relative in vivo usage of the two modes unknown
  4. 2003 High

    Connected Kaiso DNA binding to a silencing mechanism by showing it recruits the N-CoR/HDAC complex to a methylated promoter, producing repressive chromatin marks.

    Evidence Co-IP, in vitro binding, ChIP and RNAi at the MTA2 locus

    PMID:14527417

    Open questions at the time
    • Generality across promoters not established
    • Other corepressors not yet mapped
  5. 2004 High

    Demonstrated a physiological role as a global repressor of methylated genes in early development, conserved between Xenopus and human Kaiso.

    Evidence Morpholino depletion with human Kaiso mRNA rescue and expression profiling in Xenopus

    PMID:15548582

    Open questions at the time
    • Specific developmental target genes only partly defined
    • Methylation-independent contributions not separated
  6. 2004 High

    Defined the nuclear import and partner-regulation logic: Kaiso uses an importin-alpha2-dependent NLS, and nuclear (not cytoplasmic) p120-catenin is required to relieve repression.

    Evidence NLS mutagenesis, importin Co-IP, fractionation and minimal-promoter reporter assays

    PMID:15138284 PMID:15564377

    Open questions at the time
    • Signals driving p120 nuclear entry not yet identified
    • Stoichiometry of p120-Kaiso regulation unclear
  7. 2005 High

    Integrated Kaiso into the Wnt pathway by establishing direct repression of canonical and non-canonical Wnt targets and physical association with TCF and β-catenin.

    Evidence Xenopus epistasis/rescue, Co-IP of Kaiso-TCF, ChIP and reporter assays; ChIP at the matrilysin promoter with KBS mutagenesis

    PMID:15543138 PMID:15817151 PMID:15935774

    Open questions at the time
    • How Kaiso/p120 and β-catenin/TCF arms are coordinated mechanistically unresolved
    • Direct vs indirect target distinctions incomplete
  8. 2006 High

    Provided in vivo cancer relevance: Kaiso loss delays intestinal tumorigenesis, indicating a tumor-promoting role downstream of Apc.

    Evidence Kaiso knockout mouse crossed to Apc(Min/+) with tumor quantification and IHC

    PMID:16354691

    Open questions at the time
    • Lack of overt knockout phenotype leaves baseline function unclear
    • Tumor-promoting target genes not pinned down
  9. 2008 High

    Linked Kaiso to epigenetic silencing of tumor suppressors, showing methylation-dependent CDKN2A binding whose loss sensitizes cancer cells to arrest and death.

    Evidence ChIP, siRNA depletion, RT-PCR and cell-cycle/apoptosis assays in colon cancer cells

    PMID:18794111

    Open questions at the time
    • Kaiso does not alter methylation itself, leaving reader-vs-writer role open
    • Other silenced suppressors not enumerated
  10. 2012 High

    Defined the atomic basis of dual recognition: crystal structures with KBS and methylated DNA show zinc-finger major-groove contacts and a disordered-to-folded C-terminal extension required for affinity, while corepressor and target repertoire expanded to MTG16, SMRT, and cyclin D1.

    Evidence X-ray crystallography of two DNA-bound complexes; systematic deletion/ITC binding; Co-IP, ChIP and reporter assays

    PMID:22300642 PMID:22521691 PMID:22949637 PMID:23226276 PMID:23251453

    Open questions at the time
    • Single-residue determinant of methyl preference not yet isolated
    • Corepressor selection rules among N-CoR/SMRT/MTG16 unclear
  11. 2012 Medium

    Challenged the methyl-dependent model with genome-wide data showing Kaiso preferentially occupies unmethylated, active, acetylated regions in cells, raising the question of context-dependent binding.

    Evidence Kaiso ChIP-seq integrated with genome-wide methylation analysis

    PMID:23693142

    Open questions at the time
    • Discrepancy with in vitro methyl-binding not reconciled in this study
    • Antibody/cell-context dependence not excluded
  12. 2014 High

    Revealed a non-repressive function in the DNA-damage response: Kaiso joins the p53-p300 complex to reshape p53 acetylation and drive CDKN1A and apoptotic transcription.

    Evidence Co-IP, p53 acetylation mapping, ChIP and KO MEF reporter assays

    PMID:25288747

    Open questions at the time
    • How DNA-damage signals recruit Kaiso to p53 unclear
    • Relationship to its repressor activity not integrated
  13. 2018 High

    Pinpointed E535 as the methyl-discrimination residue via CH···O hydrogen bonds and showed SUMOylation at K42 acts as a repressor-to-activator switch, adding a post-translational control layer.

    Evidence X-ray/NMR with E535 mutants and binding assays; K42R mutagenesis, CRISPR editing, reporter assays and salt-diet KO mice

    PMID:29472715 PMID:29546986

    Open questions at the time
    • Genome-wide consequences of the SUMO switch incompletely mapped
    • Coupling of E535 readout to corepressor recruitment unresolved
  14. 2020 High

    Explained how one residue achieves dual specificity by showing E535 functions as a conformational switch that directly reads mCpG but indirectly screens KBS flanking sequence.

    Evidence X-ray crystallography of mutant complexes with nucleotide substitutions and binding assays

    PMID:32352758

    Open questions at the time
    • In vivo relevance of flexibility-based selectivity not directly tested
    • Linker/proline contributions only later addressed
  15. 2021 Medium

    Tied Kaiso to genome methylation maintenance and to hematopoietic disease by showing it recruits de novo DNMT3a/3b and that ZBTB33 mutations give HSCs a competitive advantage with altered splicing.

    Evidence CRISPR-KO renal cells with whole-genome methylation and DNMT Co-IP; CRISPR-edited mouse HSPC transplantation with RNA-seq

    PMID:34299205 PMID:34568833

    Open questions at the time
    • Mechanism linking methylation reading to intron retention unestablished
    • Direct DNMT recruitment to chromatin not shown in vivo
  16. 2022 Medium

    Clarified SUMO-switch regulation and DNA-binding fine structure by mapping TRIM28-mediated mutual SUMOylation and a conserved linker proline required for binding.

    Evidence Co-IP/domain mapping and SUMOylation assays; P588 mutagenesis with binding assays and MD simulation

    PMID:36252888 PMID:36555132

    Open questions at the time
    • Physiological triggers of TRIM28-Kaiso SUMOylation unclear
    • Allosteric model from MD not validated structurally
  17. 2024 High

    Definitively resolved the in vivo binding mode, showing Kaiso occupies CGCG and CTGCNAT motifs (often both), prefers methylated CpG islands, and that E535A retains KBS binding in cells.

    Evidence ChIP-seq with Kaiso-KO negative control, E535A mutant ChIP-seq, bisulfite sequencing across cell lines

    PMID:39702290

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct corepressor occupancy genome-wide not co-mapped
    • Reconciliation with earlier unmethylated-site ChIP-seq partial

Open questions

Synthesis pass · forward-looking unresolved questions
  • How Kaiso's dual reader activity, SUMO-controlled repressor/activator switch, and association with de novo methyltransferases and the splicing machinery are mechanistically integrated into a single regulatory output remains unresolved.
  • No unified model coupling methyl-reading to splicing changes
  • Rules selecting repression vs activation at a given locus undefined
  • Corepressor-versus-DNMT recruitment hierarchy unknown

Mechanism profile

Synthesis pass · controlled-vocabulary classification · explore literature graph →
Molecular activity
GO:0003677 DNA binding 4 GO:0140110 transcription regulator activity 4
Localization
GO:0005654 nucleoplasm 3 GO:0005634 nucleus 2 GO:0005815 microtubule organizing center 1
Pathway
R-HSA-74160 Gene expression (Transcription) 3 R-HSA-162582 Signal Transduction 2 R-HSA-1640170 Cell Cycle 2 R-HSA-1643685 Disease 2 R-HSA-4839726 Chromatin organization 2
Partners
CTCFCTNND1EP300MTG16NCOR2TP53TRIM28ZNF131
Complex memberships
MeCP1N-CoR/HDAC corepressor complexSMRT corepressor complexpericentriolar material

Evidence

Reading pass · 51 per-paper findings extracted from the source corpus
Year Finding Method Journal Conf PMIDs
1999 Kaiso was identified as a novel BTB/POZ zinc finger transcription factor that directly interacts with p120-catenin (p120ctn). Yeast two-hybrid screening identified Kaiso as a p120ctn-binding partner; the interaction was confirmed by co-immunoprecipitation with p120ctn-specific antibodies. Mapping studies showed the interaction involves Arm repeats 1-7 of p120ctn and the C-terminal 200 amino acids of Kaiso. Kaiso homodimerizes via its POZ domain but does not heterodimerize with BCL-6. Kaiso localizes to the nucleus and nuclear dots. Yeast two-hybrid screen, co-immunoprecipitation, immunolocalization, domain mapping Molecular and cellular biology High 10207085
2001 Kaiso is a methylation-dependent transcriptional repressor that requires at least two symmetrically methylated CpG dinucleotides (preferably within 5'CGCG) for DNA binding. Kaiso is a constituent of one of two methyl-CpG binding complexes originally designated as MeCP1. The zinc finger motifs are responsible for DNA binding. Kaiso behaves as a methylation-dependent transcriptional repressor in transient transfection assays. Biochemical purification, transient transfection reporter assays, complex fractionation (MeCP1) Genes & development High 11445535
2002 Kaiso is a dual-specificity DNA-binding protein that recognizes both a sequence-specific consensus (TCCTGCNA, minimal core CTGCNA) and methylated CpG dinucleotides via its zinc fingers. Zinc fingers 2 and 3 are necessary and sufficient for sequence-specific DNA binding. p120ctn inhibits Kaiso DNA binding at both recognition sites. Kaiso has higher affinity for the TCCTGCNA consensus than for methylated CpG sites. EMSA with GST-Kaiso fusion proteins, domain deletion analysis, SELEX-type binding assays Nucleic acids research High 12087177
2003 Kaiso is a component of the human N-CoR corepressor complex. The Kaiso/N-CoR complex binds specific CpG-rich sequences in a methylation-dependent manner in vitro. In vivo, Kaiso recruits the N-CoR complex to the MTA2 gene promoter in a methylation-dependent manner, resulting in histone hypoacetylation and H3 lysine 9 methylation at the MTA2 locus. Kaiso is required for transcriptional repression of the methylated MTA2 locus, and this repression requires a functional N-CoR deacetylase complex. Co-immunoprecipitation, in vitro binding assays, chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP), reporter assays, RNAi depletion Molecular cell High 14527417
2004 Kaiso is required to maintain transcriptional silencing during early Xenopus laevis development. xKaiso depletion causes premature zygotic gene expression before the mid-blastula transition (MBT), phenocopying hypomethylated embryos. Wild-type human Kaiso mRNA rescues the xKaiso depletion phenotype, establishing functional conservation. xKaiso acts as a global repressor of methylated genes. Morpholino antisense depletion in Xenopus, mRNA rescue, gene expression profiling Development (Cambridge, England) High 15548582
2004 Kaiso contains a functional nuclear localization signal (NLS) that mediates interaction with importin-alpha2 for nuclear import. Mutation of a key lysine in the NLS significantly inhibits nuclear localization. Wild-type but not NLS-defective Kaiso interacts with importin-alpha2 both in vitro and in vivo. The NLS is required for Kaiso-mediated transcriptional repression. NLS identification, beta-gal/GFP fusion reporter localization, Co-IP with importin-alpha2, minimal promoter reporter assays, site-directed mutagenesis Journal of cell science High 15564377
2004 Nuclear localization of p120ctn is necessary to relieve Kaiso-mediated transcriptional repression. An NLS in p120ctn was identified; mutation of key lysines in the NLS inhibited p120ctn nuclear localization. Using minimal promoter assays, p120ctn's regulatory effect on Kaiso transcriptional activity requires nuclear translocation of p120ctn, not cytoplasmic sequestration of Kaiso. NLS mutagenesis, heterologous reporter (beta-gal/GFP), minimal promoter reporter assays, nuclear fractionation Journal of cell science High 15138284
2004 Kaiso represses the non-canonical Wnt ligand xWnt11 in Xenopus, and xWnt11 is a direct gene target of xKaiso. p120-catenin association relieves xKaiso repression of xWnt11 in vivo. xKaiso knockdown results in increased xWnt11 expression contributing to gastrulation defects. Morpholino depletion, mRNA rescue, dominant-negative Wnt11, reporter assays in Xenopus Nature cell biology High 15543138
2004 Rapsyn gene is a direct sequence-specific transcriptional target of Kaiso. Kaiso associates with the rapsyn promoter in vivo (ChIP). Delta-catenin (a brain-specific p120 subfamily member) forms a complex with Kaiso. In C2C12 myocytes, Kaiso and delta-catenin activate the rapsyn promoter in a muscle-specific manner. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP), co-immunoprecipitation, minimal promoter reporter assays Molecular and cellular biology High 15282317
2005 Kaiso directly represses canonical Wnt gene targets (Siamois, c-Fos, Cyclin-D1, c-Myc) in Xenopus in conjunction with TCF/LEF. Kaiso and TCF coassociate. p120-catenin relieves Kaiso-mediated repression of Siamois. Kaiso suppresses beta-catenin-induced axis duplication and TCF-3 rescues Kaiso depletion phenotypes, establishing functional interdependency between Kaiso/p120ctn and beta-catenin/TCF pathways. Xenopus embryo microinjection, co-immunoprecipitation (Kaiso-TCF), beta-catenin ChIP on Siamois promoter, reporter assays, epistasis experiments Developmental cell High 15935774
2005 Kaiso associates with the matrilysin promoter in vivo via the Kaiso binding site (KBS). Kaiso specifically represses transcription of the matrilysin promoter; mutation of KBS or siRNA depletion of Kaiso abrogates this repression. Kaiso blocks beta-catenin-mediated activation of matrilysin. p120ctn overexpression inhibits Kaiso-DNA binding and repression, but only when p120ctn can translocate to the nucleus (NLS-dependent). Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP), minimal promoter reporter assays, KBS mutagenesis, siRNA depletion, p120ctn nuclear localization mutant Experimental cell research High 15817151
2005 CTCF (enhancer blocker) interacts with Kaiso as a binding partner. The interaction occurs through the C-terminal region of CTCF and the POZ domain of Kaiso. CTCF was specifically co-immunoprecipitated by Kaiso monoclonal antibodies from nuclear lysates. A Kaiso binding site near the CTCF binding site in the 5' beta-globin insulator reduces the enhancer-blocking activity of CTCF. Yeast two-hybrid, co-immunoprecipitation from nuclear lysates, insulation assay The Journal of biological chemistry Medium 16230345
2006 Kaiso-null mice are viable and fertile with no detectable developmental abnormalities, but display delayed onset of intestinal tumorigenesis when crossed with Apc(Min/+) mice. Kaiso is upregulated in murine intestinal tumors and expressed in human colon cancers, indicating a role in intestinal cancer promotion. Gene knockout mouse, Apc(Min/+) cross, tumor quantification, immunohistochemistry Molecular and cellular biology High 16354691
2006 Frodo mediates stabilization of p120-catenin in response to Wnt signals, which in turn promotes Kaiso nuclear sequestration or removal. p120-catenin binds Frodo, and Frodo interacts with Dishevelled (Dsh). Wnt signals thus act through Dsh-Frodo-p120ctn to regulate the p120ctn/Kaiso signaling pathway. Co-immunoprecipitation, Xenopus embryo epistasis, protein stability assays Developmental cell Medium 17084360
2008 Kaiso contributes to DNA methylation-dependent silencing of tumor suppressor genes in colon cancer. Kaiso binds the CDKN2A promoter in a methylation-dependent manner. Kaiso depletion induces tumor suppressor gene expression without affecting DNA methylation levels, sensitizing colon cancer cells to cell cycle arrest and cell death. ChIP, siRNA depletion, RT-PCR, cell cycle and apoptosis assays Cancer research High 18794111
2008 H. pylori cag(+) strains induce translocation of p120-catenin to the nucleus, which relieves Kaiso-mediated transcriptional repression of mmp-7 (matrix metalloproteinase-7). This mechanism is cag- and p120-dependent and results in increased MMP-7 mRNA and protein levels. siRNA knockdown, nuclear fractionation, ex vivo gastric gland culture, RT-PCR Molecular biology of the cell Medium 18653469
2009 The non-methylated DNA-binding function of Kaiso (CTGCNA) is not evolutionarily conserved in frogs, fish, or chicken. In Xenopus, phenotypic abnormalities of xKaiso depletion are independent of the CTGCNA-dependent DNA-binding function. xKaiso does not regulate xWnt11 or Siamois; instead, the major phenotypic defects are premature transcription activation and activation of a p53-dependent cell-death pathway. Comparative species analysis of Kaiso DNA-binding, morpholino depletion, reporter assays, mutant Kaiso rescue experiments Development (Cambridge, England) Medium 19158185
2010 Kaiso interacts with the POZ-ZF protein Znf131 via POZ-POZ domain interaction. GST pull-down and co-immunoprecipitation confirmed the Kaiso-Znf131 in vivo interaction. Znf131 is a transcriptional activator (activates artificial promoter containing ZBE). Kaiso overexpression significantly inhibits Znf131-mediated transcriptional activation, and co-expression of p120ctn relieves this Kaiso inhibition. Yeast two-hybrid, GST pull-down, co-immunoprecipitation, EMSA, CAST (SELEX), reporter assay Experimental cell research High 20303951
2010 Kaiso localizes at the mitotic spindle and is a constituent of the pericentriolar material (PCM), belonging to a pericentrin molecular complex. During interphase, Kaiso is on microtubular structures and centrosomes; at metaphase, on centrosomes and spindle microtubules; during telophase, at the midbody. Two domains mediate spindle/centrosome targeting: SA1 (spindle-associated domain 1, center of protein) and SA2 (just before zinc fingers). Overexpression of full-length Kaiso causes mitotic cell arrest and cell death; Kaiso knockdown accelerates cell proliferation. GFP-tagged fragment localization, immunofluorescence throughout cell cycle, domain deletion analysis, Kaiso knockdown/overexpression with proliferation readout PloS one Medium 20169156
2011 Wnt3a-induced phosphorylation of p120-catenin at Ser268 and Ser269 (by CK1ε) enhances its binding to Kaiso, preventing Kaiso-mediated inhibition of the β-catenin-Tcf-4 complex. Kaiso associates with both Tcf-4 and β-catenin. p120-catenin disrupts Tcf-4-Kaiso and β-catenin-Kaiso interactions, freeing Tcf-4 and β-catenin to form their complex and enabling Kaiso to bind methylated CpG islands (e.g., CDKN2A promoter). Co-immunoprecipitation, phospho-site mutagenesis, reporter assays, ChIP, siRNA knockdown Journal of cell science Medium 21670201
2012 Crystal structures of the Kaiso zinc finger DNA-binding domain in complex with its nonmethylated KBS DNA and with symmetrically methylated E-cadherin promoter-derived DNA were solved. Recognition of specific bases in the major groove of KBS and mCpG sites is mediated by residues in zinc fingers 1 and 2 through classical and methyl CH···O hydrogen-bonding interactions. The C-terminal extension following zinc finger 3 binds in the opposing minor groove and is required for high-affinity binding; this region is disordered in free protein and folds upon DNA binding. X-ray crystallography, structural analysis of protein-DNA complexes Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America High 22949637
2012 Kaiso requires all three zinc fingers plus adjacent protein regions (N-terminal extension for stability and extended C-terminal region for augmented binding) for high-affinity DNA recognition of both methylated and sequence-specific sites. Contrary to prior findings, zinc fingers 2 and 3 alone are not sufficient for high-affinity binding. Systematic domain deletion/mutagenesis, in vitro binding assays (EMSA, ITC) FEBS letters High 22300642
2012 Kaiso associates with and represses the cyclin D1 promoter via both the KBS consensus site and methylated CpG dinucleotides. The methyl-CpG sites are critical for Kaiso binding to the cyclin D1 promoter, while the KBS stabilizes binding. Kaiso repressed the minimal cyclin D1 promoter-reporter in a dose-dependent, KBS-specific, and methyl-CpG-dependent manner. EMSA, ChIP, minimal promoter reporter assay, KBS mutagenesis PloS one High 23226276
2012 Kaiso interacts with the transcriptional corepressor MTG16. This interaction is mediated by Kaiso's zinc finger domains. MTG16 family members are required for efficient repression of a reporter construct containing Kaiso binding sites and the known Kaiso target MMP-7/matrilysin. ChIP places MTG16 in a complex occupying the Kaiso binding site on the MMP-7 promoter. MTG16's contribution to repression requires Kaiso binding to its DNA binding site. Yeast two-hybrid, co-immunoprecipitation, reporter assay, chromatin immunoprecipitation PloS one High 23251453
2012 In vivo, ZBTB33/Kaiso binds to unmethylated regions of the genome associated with actively expressed genes and highly acetylated histones, rather than methylated DNA as predicted. DNA methylation and nucleosome occupancy restrict Kaiso access to potential binding sites. ChIP-seq for Kaiso, genome-wide DNA methylation analysis, bioinformatic integration Epigenetics & chromatin Medium 23693142
2012 SMRT corepressor is tethered to promoter-proximal regions in preadipocytes primarily via KAISO through the conserved TCTCGCGAGA motif. KAISO, similar to SMRT, functions as an adipogenic repressor that modulates the mitotic clonal expansion phase of adipogenesis; KAISO knockdown increases fat accumulation and accelerates cell cycle. Genome-wide ChIP-seq for SMRT and KAISO, ChIP-seq motif analysis, siRNA knockdown with adipogenesis assay Molecular cell Medium 22521691
2012 Dyrk1A kinase is a component of the p120-catenin-Kaiso trajectory of the Wnt pathway. Dyrk1A positively modulates p120-catenin protein levels, impacting p120-catenin and Kaiso gene targets (siamois, wnt11). A consensus Dyrk phosphorylation site in p120-catenin was identified; a phosphomimetic mutant of p120-catenin shows enhanced capacity to promote Wnt-11 and Siamois expression. Xenopus epistasis/rescue, mammalian cell experiments, phosphomimetic mutagenesis, Dyrk1A Co-IP/overexpression Journal of cell science Medium 22389395
2014 KAISO is induced by DNA damage in p53-expressing cells and interacts with the p53-p300 complex. KAISO increases acetylation of p53 at K320 and K382 residues while decreasing K381 acetylation. This specific p53 acetylation pattern increases p53 DNA binding and potently induces CDKN1A and apoptotic gene transcription. In Kaiso-KO mouse embryonic fibroblasts, p53-promoter binding and upregulation of p21 and apoptosis genes are significantly compromised. Co-immunoprecipitation (KAISO-p53-p300), p53 acetylation assays, ChIP, KO mouse fibroblasts, reporter assays Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America High 25288747
2015 Nuclear p120-catenin relieves Kaiso-mediated transcriptional repression of Wnt11 in anchorage-independent ILC cells. Wnt11 upregulation in anchorage-independent conditions is controlled by nuclear p120 through inhibition of Kaiso repression. Wnt11 promotes RhoA activation causing ILC anoikis resistance. mRNA profiling, nuclear p120 fractionation, siRNA knockdown of Kaiso/Wnt11, RhoA activity assay, anoikis assay Disease models & mechanisms Medium 25713299
2016 ZBTB33/Kaiso mediates cell-specific cell cycle regulation through direct occupancy of cyclin D1 and cyclin E1 promoters. In HeLa cells, ZBTB33 occupies and activates cyclin D1 and E1 promoters, promoting RB phosphorylation and E2F transcriptional activity to accelerate G1-to-S transition. In HEK293 cells, ZBTB33 indirectly reduces cyclin E abundance, decreasing RB phosphorylation and decelerating G1 transition. ZBTB33 depletion/overexpression, ChIP, cell cycle analysis (flow cytometry), RB phosphorylation assays, E2F reporter assay The Journal of biological chemistry Medium 27694442
2018 Glutamate 535 (E535) in Kaiso zinc finger 1 is critical for preferential recognition of methylated CpG (mCpG) over unmethylated CpG, with a ~100-fold difference in affinity. E535 forms multiple direct contacts with mCpG including CH···O hydrogen bonds. NMR and X-ray crystallography with E535 mutants provided first direct experimental evidence for CH···O hydrogen bond formation between Kaiso and 5-methylcytosine. X-ray crystallography, NMR spectroscopy, in vitro protein-DNA binding assays, site-directed mutagenesis of E535 Biochemistry High 29546986
2018 Kaiso is SUMOylated at lysine 42 (K42) as a monoSUMOylation under normal physiological conditions in kidney-origin cell lines. SUMOylated Kaiso activates transcription from exogenous methylated promoters, while deSUMOylated Kaiso retains transcriptional repressor activity. Hyperosmotic stress rapidly and reversibly triggers deSUMOylation of Kaiso. Genomic K42R editing (deSUMOylated Kaiso) led to misregulation of ion transport and immune response genes; TRIM25 is a direct transcriptional target of Kaiso. SUMO site mutagenesis (K42R), CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing, reporter assays with methylated promoters, hyperosmotic stress treatment, KO mouse model (salt diet) Cell death and differentiation High 29472715
2018 Kaiso binds to methylated regions of the miR-200c promoter in a methylation-dependent manner (confirmed by ChIP), repressing miR-200c expression. EGFR signaling regulates Kaiso-mediated silencing of miR-200c. miR-200c and Kaiso regulate each other in a feedback loop, with miR-200c overexpression decreasing Kaiso, ZEB1, and EGFR. ChIP assay for Kaiso-miR-200c promoter binding, 5-aza treatment, siRNA knockdown, miR-200c overexpression Cancer letters Medium 29751044
2020 A conformational switch in Kaiso's E535 residue enables differential readout of methylated (mCpG) and sequence-specific (KBS) DNA. With methylated DNA, multiple direct contacts between E535 and the 5' mCpG site dominate binding, tolerating different flanking sequences. With KBS, E535 acts as an indirect screen for 5' flanking sequence, with tyrosine-DNA interactions stabilizing optimal DNA conformation. Intrinsic variations in DNA flexibility contribute to differential specificity. X-ray crystallography, targeted mutagenesis, in vitro DNA binding assays, nucleotide substitutions Biochemistry High 32352758
2021 Kaiso deficiency in human renal cancer cells leads to whole-genome hypermethylation at genic regions, enhancers, and regions with low histone modifications, while protecting these regions from demethylation. Kaiso immunoprecipitates with de novo DNA methyltransferases DNMT3a/3b but not with maintenance methyltransferase DNMT1, suggesting Kaiso modulates genome methylation by attracting de novo methyltransferases. CRISPR/Cas9-generated Kaiso-knockout cells, whole-genome methylation analysis, co-immunoprecipitation of Kaiso with DNMT3a/3b International journal of molecular sciences Medium 34299205
2021 ZBTB33 mutations in clonal hematopoiesis and MDS confer a competitive advantage to hematopoietic stem cells in vivo. Zbtb33-edited mouse HSPCs show increased genome-wide intron retention, suggesting ZBTB33 mutations potentially link DNA methylation reading and RNA splicing. CRISPR editing of Zbtb33 in mouse HSPCs, competitive transplantation assay, RNA-seq for intron retention Blood cancer discovery Medium 34568833
2022 TRIM28 enhances SUMOylation of Kaiso, leading to decreased methyl-dependent transcriptional repression. The RBCC domain of TRIM28 interacts with the BTB/POZ domain and zinc fingers of Kaiso; the PHD-bromodomain of TRIM28 is sufficient for interaction with Kaiso zinc fingers. Kaiso also enhances SUMOylation of TRIM28, suggesting mutual self-enhancement of SUMOylation. Co-immunoprecipitation, domain deletion mapping, SUMOylation assays, reporter assays Biochimie Medium 36252888
2022 Conserved proline P588 (in the C-terminal linker between zinc finger 3 and the DNA-binding extension) is required for efficient Kaiso-DNA binding. Substitution of P588 to alanine negatively affects DNA binding; molecular dynamics simulations show allosteric effects on the entire zinc finger domain. The cis-conformation of P588 is important for DNA-binding affinity. Site-directed mutagenesis, in vitro DNA binding assays, molecular dynamics simulation International journal of molecular sciences Medium 36555132
2024 In vivo ChIP-seq in Caki-1 renal carcinoma cells (using Kaiso-deficient cells as negative control) revealed that the principal binding motifs for Kaiso are CGCG and CTGCNAT, with 60% of binding sites containing both sequences. Kaiso is present at CpG islands with a preference for methylated ones. An E535A mutant (unable to bind methylated DNA in vitro) can still bind CTGCNA sequences in vivo, confirming the dual-binding mode in cells. ChIP-seq with Kaiso-KO cells as negative control, E535A mutant ChIP-seq, bisulfite sequencing, gene expression analysis Epigenetics & chromatin High 39702290
2016 RhoH forms a multi-protein complex with Kaiso and p120-catenin that co-localizes at chemokine-induced actin-containing cell protrusion sites in Jurkat T cells. RhoH knockdown disrupts Kaiso localization to protrusion sites and to the nucleus after chemokine stimulation. Kaiso downregulation alters cell migration and actin polymerization in chemokine-stimulated T cells. In vivo biotinylation/mass spectrometry, co-immunoprecipitation, immunofluorescence, RhoH knockdown, migration/actin assays Small GTPases Medium 27574848
2015 Kaiso directly binds to the E-cadherin promoter in a methylation-dependent manner (confirmed by ChIP in PC-3 cells). Kaiso inhibition results in increased E-cadherin expression, re-establishment of cell-cell contacts, and reversal of mesenchymal markers N-cadherin and fibronectin in prostate cancer cells. EGF receptor signaling causes nuclear localization of Kaiso. ChIP for Kaiso at E-cadherin promoter, shRNA knockdown, immunofluorescence, Western blot The American journal of pathology Medium 22974583
2015 KAISO directly binds and transcriptionally activates APAF1 only in cells expressing WT p53, by augmenting p53 binding to the APAF1 promoter distal p53RE#1. A nearby NF-κB response element mediates APAF1 repression; ectopic RelA/p65 sequesters KAISO in the cytoplasm, preventing nuclear KAISO-p53 interaction and thus blocking APAF1 activation. Reporter assays, ChIP, co-immunoprecipitation, ectopic p65 expression with cytoplasmic fractionation Biochimica et biophysica acta Medium 26183023
2016 Kaiso binds directly to the miR-31 promoter in a methylation-dependent manner (ChIP). Kaiso represses miR-31 expression, promoting prostate cancer cell migration and invasiveness. miR-31 overexpression decreases these malignant phenotypes, while anti-miR-31 restores them in Kaiso-depleted cells. ChIP, miRNA array, siRNA/shRNA depletion, cell migration/invasion assays Oncotarget Medium 26734997
2013 Kaiso overexpression in intestinal-specific transgenic mice (driven by villin promoter) causes crypt expansion, increased differentiation into secretory cell lineages (goblet, Paneth, enteroendocrine cells), reduced proliferation, and decreased Notch signaling target HES-1. p120ctn is recruited to the nucleus in transgenic mice intestinal cells, suggesting Kaiso antagonizes p120ctn's anti-inflammatory function. Transgenic mouse model with intestinal-specific Kaiso overexpression, histology, immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence PloS one Medium 24040197
2017 Kaiso directly associates with the DLL1 and JAG1 promoter regions in a methylation-dependent manner in colon cancer cells (ChIP). In Kaiso transgenic mice, Notch1 and Dll-1 expression are reduced while Jagged-1 is increased. Kaiso promotes secretory cell hyperplasia independently of Kaiso-induced inflammation, acting through differential regulation of Notch ligands. ChIP in three colon cancer cell lines, transgenic mouse intestine analysis, real-time PCR, immunohistochemistry Cell communication and signaling Medium 28637464
2019 p53 transcriptionally activates KAISO/ZBTB33 by binding to p53RE1 (5'-upstream, -4326 to -4227) and p53RE3 (exon 2, +2929 to +2959). ATM/ATR kinase-mediated p53 phosphorylation at Ser-15 or Ser-37 activates KAISO transcription during early DNA damage response (DDR). Acetylated p53 activates KAISO transcription at p53RE1 during later DDR phase. Reporter assays with various p53RE constructs, ChIP, oligonucleotide pulldown, phospho-specific mutants The Journal of biological chemistry Medium 31296660
2016 Kaiso directly binds to the methylated THBS1 promoter and represses its expression. Kaiso depletion results in decreased expression of CD47 and its ligand SIRPA, promoting macrophage polarization towards M1 phenotype. Kaiso-depleted xenograft tissues showed higher phagocytosis and increased M1 macrophage infiltration. ChIP for Kaiso at THBS1 promoter, siRNA depletion, in vivo xenograft with immunohistochemistry Cancers Medium 37190208
2016 Kaiso binds unmethylated KBS in the human ICR1 (imprinting control region of H19/IGF2), and Kaiso depletion or CRISPR/Cas9 deletion of the ICR1-KBS results in reduced methylation of the paternal ICR1. Kaiso also affects transcription of the lncRNA H19 via ICR1. ChIP, EMSA, lentiviral Kaiso knockdown, CRISPR/Cas9 editing of KBS, bisulfite sequencing Clinical epigenetics Medium 27152123
2021 Kaiso regulates osteoblast differentiation and mineralization through the Itga10/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Itga10 (integrin subunit α10) is identified as a direct transcriptional target of Kaiso by ChIP and luciferase reporter assays. Kaiso is downregulated during osteoblast differentiation; gain- and loss-of-function modulate osteoblast differentiation in vitro and in vivo. ChIP, luciferase reporter assays, gain/loss-of-function in MC3T3-E1 cells, in vivo mouse experiments, pathway analysis International journal of molecular medicine Medium 33576467
2021 Kaiso protects human endothelial cells against apoptosis by differentially regulating BCL2 family member expression: Kaiso overexpression increases BCL2 and reduces BAX and BIK expression through differential regulation of gene promoter activity. Both methylated DNA and KBS-dependent mechanisms contribute to Kaiso's gene regulatory activity in endothelial cells. p120ctn cooperates with Kaiso in this transcriptional regulation. Kaiso overexpression/knockdown, cell viability assay, promoter reporter assay, Western blot, co-immunoprecipitation Scientific reports Medium 28769046
2013 Kaiso is a key regulator of spleen germinal center formation. Kaiso represses Bcl6 expression (confirmed by ChIP and transcription assays). In Kaiso-KO mice, derepressed Bcl6 increases cell proliferation by suppressing p27, p21, and Gadd45a while upregulating c-Myc. ChIP, reporter assays, KO mouse analysis, immunohistochemistry, B lymphocyte ectopic expression Biochemical and biophysical research communications Medium 24269670

Source papers

Stage 0 corpus · 100 papers · ranked by NIH iCite citations
Year Title Journal Citations PMID
2001 The p120 catenin partner Kaiso is a DNA methylation-dependent transcriptional repressor. Genes & development 372 11445535
1999 The catenin p120(ctn) interacts with Kaiso, a novel BTB/POZ domain zinc finger transcription factor. Molecular and cellular biology 346 10207085
2003 N-CoR mediates DNA methylation-dependent repression through a methyl CpG binding protein Kaiso. Molecular cell 288 14527417
2002 The p120(ctn)-binding partner Kaiso is a bi-modal DNA-binding protein that recognizes both a sequence-specific consensus and methylated CpG dinucleotides. Nucleic acids research 208 12087177
2005 Kaiso/p120-catenin and TCF/beta-catenin complexes coordinately regulate canonical Wnt gene targets. Developmental cell 190 15935774
2004 Non-canonical Wnt signals are modulated by the Kaiso transcriptional repressor and p120-catenin. Nature cell biology 139 15543138
2006 Kaiso-deficient mice show resistance to intestinal cancer. Molecular and cellular biology 128 16354691
2005 A role for Kaiso-p120ctn complexes in cancer? Nature reviews. Cancer 103 16294216
2005 The catenin p120ctn inhibits Kaiso-mediated transcriptional repression of the beta-catenin/TCF target gene matrilysin. Experimental cell research 101 15817151
2012 Molecular basis for recognition of methylated and specific DNA sequences by the zinc finger protein Kaiso. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 99 22949637
2006 Dancing in and out of the nucleus: p120(ctn) and the transcription factor Kaiso. Biochimica et biophysica acta 97 17050009
2004 Kaiso is a genome-wide repressor of transcription that is essential for amphibian development. Development (Cambridge, England) 96 15548582
2004 Regulation of the rapsyn promoter by kaiso and delta-catenin. Molecular and cellular biology 92 15282317
2004 NLS-dependent nuclear localization of p120ctn is necessary to relieve Kaiso-mediated transcriptional repression. Journal of cell science 89 15138284
2008 Kaiso contributes to DNA methylation-dependent silencing of tumor suppressor genes in colon cancer cell lines. Cancer research 86 18794111
2006 Frodo links Dishevelled to the p120-catenin/Kaiso pathway: distinct catenin subfamilies promote Wnt signals. Developmental cell 84 17084360
2012 Integrative genomics identifies the corepressor SMRT as a gatekeeper of adipogenesis through the transcription factors C/EBPβ and KAISO. Molecular cell 74 22521691
2005 The human enhancer blocker CTC-binding factor interacts with the transcription factor Kaiso. The Journal of biological chemistry 70 16230345
2008 p120 and Kaiso regulate Helicobacter pylori-induced expression of matrix metalloproteinase-7. Molecular biology of the cell 60 18653469
2009 The methyl-CpG binding proteins Mecp2, Mbd2 and Kaiso are dispensable for mouse embryogenesis, but play a redundant function in neural differentiation. PloS one 55 19177165
2013 ZBTB33 binds unmethylated regions of the genome associated with actively expressed genes. Epigenetics & chromatin 54 23693142
2005 Expression and nuclear location of the transcriptional repressor Kaiso is regulated by the tumor microenvironment. Cancer research 53 15781635
2012 Nuclear Kaiso indicates aggressive prostate cancers and promotes migration and invasiveness of prostate cancer cells. The American journal of pathology 51 22974583
2014 KAISO, a critical regulator of p53-mediated transcription of CDKN1A and apoptotic genes. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 45 25288747
2012 Nuclear Kaiso expression is associated with high grade and triple-negative invasive breast cancer. PloS one 45 22662240
2012 Kaiso represses the cell cycle gene cyclin D1 via sequence-specific and methyl-CpG-dependent mechanisms. PloS one 44 23226276
2004 Nuclear import of the BTB/POZ transcriptional regulator Kaiso. Journal of cell science 44 15564377
2011 Wnt controls the transcriptional activity of Kaiso through CK1ε-dependent phosphorylation of p120-catenin. Journal of cell science 43 21670201
2009 The non-methylated DNA-binding function of Kaiso is not required in early Xenopus laevis development. Development (Cambridge, England) 43 19158185
2016 Kaiso, a transcriptional repressor, promotes cell migration and invasion of prostate cancer cells through regulation of miR-31 expression. Oncotarget 39 26734997
2012 P120-catenin isoforms 1 and 3 regulate proliferation and cell cycle of lung cancer cells via β-catenin and Kaiso respectively. PloS one 39 22276175
2012 Down's-syndrome-related kinase Dyrk1A modulates the p120-catenin-Kaiso trajectory of the Wnt signaling pathway. Journal of cell science 39 22389395
2014 Nuclear localization of Kaiso promotes the poorly differentiated phenotype and EMT in infiltrating ductal carcinomas. Clinical & experimental metastasis 36 24570268
2016 Cell-specific Kaiso (ZBTB33) Regulation of Cell Cycle through Cyclin D1 and Cyclin E1. The Journal of biological chemistry 35 27694442
2021 ZBTB33 is mutated in clonal hematopoiesis and myelodysplastic syndromes and impacts RNA splicing. Blood cancer discovery 34 34568833
2016 Kaiso depletion attenuates transforming growth factor-β signaling and metastatic activity of triple-negative breast cancer cells. Oncogenesis 34 26999717
2015 Nuclear p120-catenin regulates the anoikis resistance of mouse lobular breast cancer cells through Kaiso-dependent Wnt11 expression. Disease models & mechanisms 33 25713299
2018 Dancing from bottoms up - Roles of the POZ-ZF transcription factor Kaiso in Cancer. Biochimica et biophysica acta. Reviews on cancer 29 30419310
2011 p120-catenin isoform 3 regulates subcellular localization of Kaiso and promotes invasion in lung cancer cells via a phosphorylation-dependent mechanism. International journal of oncology 29 21468542
2009 Kaiso is a bimodal modulator for Wnt/beta-catenin signaling. FEBS letters 29 19166851
2015 Kaiso overexpression promotes intestinal inflammation and potentiates intestinal tumorigenesis in Apc(Min/+) mice. Biochimica et biophysica acta 27 26073433
2017 Kaiso is highly expressed in TNBC tissues of women of African ancestry compared to Caucasian women. Cancer causes & control : CCC 26 28887687
2014 Knockdown of both p120 catenin and Kaiso promotes expansion of human corneal endothelial monolayers via RhoA-ROCK-noncanonical BMP-NFκB pathway. Investigative ophthalmology & visual science 24 24474278
2010 The transcriptional repressor Kaiso localizes at the mitotic spindle and is a constituent of the pericentriolar material. PloS one 24 20169156
2021 Kaiso Regulates DNA Methylation Homeostasis. International journal of molecular sciences 23 34299205
2018 CH···O Hydrogen Bonds Mediate Highly Specific Recognition of Methylated CpG Sites by the Zinc Finger Protein Kaiso. Biochemistry 23 29546986
2017 Kaiso depletion attenuates the growth and survival of triple negative breast cancer cells. Cell death & disease 23 28333150
2009 Kaiso is expressed in lung cancer: its expression and localization is affected by p120ctn. Lung cancer (Amsterdam, Netherlands) 23 19615783
2018 Transcriptional repressor Kaiso promotes epithelial to mesenchymal transition and metastasis in prostate cancer through direct regulation of miR-200c. Cancer letters 22 29751044
2018 DeSUMOylation switches Kaiso from activator to repressor upon hyperosmotic stress. Cell death and differentiation 21 29472715
2012 Knock-down of Kaiso induces proliferation and blocks granulocytic differentiation in blast crisis of chronic myeloid leukemia. Cancer cell international 21 22709531
2012 Kaiso directs the transcriptional corepressor MTG16 to the Kaiso binding site in target promoters. PloS one 21 23251453
2010 Kaiso regulates Znf131-mediated transcriptional activation. Experimental cell research 21 20303951
2001 Monoclonal antibodies to Kaiso: a novel transcription factor and p120ctn-binding protein. Hybridoma 20 11461664
2018 Kaiso (ZBTB33) Downregulation by Mirna-181a Inhibits Cell Proliferation, Invasion, and the Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in Glioma Cells. Cellular physiology and biochemistry : international journal of experimental cellular physiology, biochemistry, and pharmacology 19 30036882
2014 Kaiso interacts with p120-catenin to regulate β-catenin expression at the transcriptional level. PloS one 19 24498333
2015 Knockout Zbtb33 gene results in an increased locomotion, exploration and pre-pulse inhibition in mice. Behavioural brain research 18 26454239
2013 The POZ-ZF transcription factor Kaiso (ZBTB33) induces inflammation and progenitor cell differentiation in the murine intestine. PloS one 18 24040197
2012 Kaiso uses all three zinc fingers and adjacent sequence motifs for high affinity binding to sequence-specific and methyl-CpG DNA targets. FEBS letters 18 22300642
2016 African Americans with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma exhibit gender differences in Kaiso expression. Cancer letters 17 27424525
2016 Kaiso mediates human ICR1 methylation maintenance and H19 transcriptional fine regulation. Clinical epigenetics 15 27152123
2018 Jinfu'an Decoction Inhibits Invasion and Metastasis in Human Lung Cancer Cells (H1650) via p120ctn-Mediated Induction and Kaiso. Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research 13 29735970
2017 Kaiso differentially regulates components of the Notch signaling pathway in intestinal cells. Cell communication and signaling : CCS 13 28637464
2016 RhoH participates in a multi-protein complex with the zinc finger protein kaiso that regulates both cytoskeletal structures and chemokine-induced T cells. Small GTPases 13 27574848
2015 Transcriptional activation of APAF1 by KAISO (ZBTB33) and p53 is attenuated by RelA/p65. Biochimica et biophysica acta 13 26183023
2024 High-Frequency Spinal Stimulation Suppresses Microglial Kaiso-P2X7 Receptor Axis-Induced Inflammation to Alleviate Neuropathic Pain in Rats. Annals of neurology 12 38450773
2020 A Conformational Switch in the Zinc Finger Protein Kaiso Mediates Differential Readout of Specific and Methylated DNA Sequences. Biochemistry 12 32352758
2019 Alu-mediated Xq24 deletion encompassing CUL4B, LAMP2, ATP1B4, TMEM255A, and ZBTB33 genes causes Danon disease in a female patient. American journal of medical genetics. Part A 12 31729179
2017 Upregulation of MicroRNA-4262 Targets Kaiso (ZBTB33) to Inhibit the Proliferation and EMT of Cervical Cancer Cells. Oncology research 12 28800784
2015 Kaiso mainly locates in the nucleus in vivo and binds to methylated, but not hydroxymethylated DNA. Chinese journal of cancer research = Chung-kuo yen cheng yen chiu 11 25937776
2010 P120 catenin represses transcriptional activity through Kaiso in endothelial cells. Microvascular research 11 20382170
2022 TRIM28 regulates transcriptional activity of methyl-DNA binding protein Kaiso by SUMOylation. Biochimie 10 36252888
2021 Kaiso regulates osteoblast differentiation and mineralization via the Itga10/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. International journal of molecular medicine 10 33576467
2019 Kaiso is required for MTG16-dependent effects on colitis-associated carcinoma. Oncogene 10 30858547
2019 Kaiso Gene Knockout Promotes Somatic Cell Reprogramming. Biochemistry. Biokhimiia 9 31221066
2017 Kaiso protects human umbilical vein endothelial cells against apoptosis by differentially regulating the expression of B-cell CLL/lymphoma 2 family members. Scientific reports 9 28769046
2016 Cigarette Smoke Mediates Nuclear to Cytoplasmic Trafficking of Transcriptional Inhibitor Kaiso through MUC1 and P120-Catenin. The American journal of pathology 9 27765636
2014 KAISO inhibition: an atomic insight. Journal of biomolecular structure & dynamics 9 25297569
2019 Kaiso-induced intestinal inflammation is preceded by diminished E-cadherin expression and intestinal integrity. PloS one 8 31199830
2017 Loss of Kaiso expression in breast cancer cells prevents intra-vascular invasion in the lung and secondary metastasis. PloS one 8 28880889
2017 The POZ-ZF transcription factor Znf131 is implicated as a regulator of Kaiso-mediated biological processes. Biochemical and biophysical research communications 8 28882591
2016 Kaiso represses the expression of glucocorticoid receptor via a methylation-dependent mechanism and attenuates the anti-apoptotic activity of glucocorticoids in breast cancer cells. BMB reports 7 26424557
2012 Expression of P120 catenin, Kaiso, and metastasis tumor antigen-2 in thymomas. Tumour biology : the journal of the International Society for Oncodevelopmental Biology and Medicine 7 22833212
2006 The X-linked methyl binding protein gene Kaiso is highly expressed in brain but is not mutated in Rett syndrome patients. Gene 7 16530985
2023 Immune Profile of Exosomes in African American Breast Cancer Patients Is Mediated by Kaiso/THBS1/CD47 Signaling. Cancers 6 37190208
2018 Epigenetic Regulation of Dlg1, via Kaiso, Alters Mitotic Spindle Polarity and Promotes Intestinal Tumorigenesis. Molecular cancer research : MCR 6 30552232
2014 Distribution of Kaiso protein in mouse tissues. Histochemistry and cell biology 6 25182933
2013 Kaiso is a key regulator of spleen germinal center formation by repressing Bcl6 expression in splenocytes. Biochemical and biophysical research communications 6 24269670
2019 Temporal and differential regulation of KAISO-controlled transcription by phosphorylated and acetylated p53 highlights a crucial regulatory role of apoptosis. The Journal of biological chemistry 5 31296660
2007 [Methylation specific binding activity of zinc finger protein Kaiso]. Zhonghua yu fang yi xue za zhi [Chinese journal of preventive medicine] 5 17767857
2023 Canonical Kaiso target genes define a functional signature that associates with breast cancer survival and the invasive lobular carcinoma histological type. The Journal of pathology 4 37737015
2022 Expressional variations of Kaiso: an association with pathological characteristics and field cancerization of OSCC. BMC cancer 4 36115941
2001 [KAISO--a new member of the BTB/POZ family specifically bindsto methylated DNA sequences]. Genetika 4 11517759
2024 Imprinted DNA methylation of the H19 ICR is established and maintained in vivo in the absence of Kaiso. Epigenetics & chromatin 3 38840164
2022 Deletion of murine Rhoh leads to de-repression of Bcl-6 via decreased KAISO levels and accelerates a malignancy phenotype in a murine model of lymphoma. Small GTPases 3 34983288
2022 The Essential Role of Prolines and Their Conformation in Allosteric Regulation of Kaiso Zinc Finger DNA-Binding Activity by the Adjacent C-Terminal Loop. International journal of molecular sciences 3 36555132
2022 A 5'-Flanking C/G Pair at the Core Region Enhances the Recognition and Binding of Kaiso to Methylated DNA. Journal of chemical information and modeling 3 36563044
2018 Kaiso Protein in the Regulation of Brain and Behavior. Current protein & peptide science 3 29086688
2024 Dissecting the Kaiso binding profile in clear renal cancer cells. Epigenetics & chromatin 2 39702290
2022 Association of Kaiso and partner proteins in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Journal of Taibah University Medical Sciences 2 36852243

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