| 1999 |
ETO-2 (CBFA2T3) is a nuclear protein that forms homodimers and heterodimers with other ETO family members (ETO/MTG8, MTGR1) through a conserved region containing domain II; nuclear localization does not require domain III or the zinc-finger region. |
Northern analysis, nuclear localization studies, dimerization mapping by domain deletion |
Oncogene |
Medium |
10022820
|
| 2002 |
CBFA2T3 functions as a transcriptional repressor when tethered to a GAL4 DNA-binding domain in reporter assays, and its re-introduction into breast cancer cell lines with reduced CBFA2T3 expression reduces colony growth on plastic and in soft agar, suggesting tumor suppressor activity. |
GAL4-fusion reporter assay, colony formation assay, soft agar assay after re-expression |
Cancer research |
Medium |
12183414
|
| 2004 |
CBFA2T3 (ETO-2/MTG16) interacts with the nuclear receptor corepressor N-CoR through its MYND domain; AML1-ETO competitively occupies the ETO-2 binding site on N-CoR, reducing ETO-2/N-CoR interaction and thereby impairing granulocyte differentiation. Overexpression of ETO-2 rescues AML1-ETO-induced granulocyte differentiation arrest. |
Co-immunoprecipitation, overexpression rescue in 32Dcl3 and human CD34+ cells, MYND domain competition assay |
Cancer research |
Medium |
15231665
|
| 2005 |
AML1-MTG16 fusion protein blocks myeloid differentiation and proliferation in 32D/WT1 cells and induces epigenetic repressive changes (histone and DNA methylation) at the AML1 target gene Csf1r (c-fms), correlating with loss of myeloid differentiation in response to GM-CSF. |
Myeloid differentiation assays, chromatin/epigenetic analysis of Csf1r locus in 32D/WT1 cells expressing AML1-MTG16 |
Oncogene |
Medium |
16007222
|
| 2005 |
ETO-2 (CBFA2T3) associates with SCL in erythroid and megakaryocytic cells; in erythroid cells it additionally interacts with Gfi-1b to form a tri-partite corepressor complex; this SCL/ETO-2/Gfi-1b complex is lost during erythroid differentiation. ETO-2 exerts repressor effects on SCL target genes. |
Proteomic characterization of SCL complexes, co-immunoprecipitation of endogenous proteins in primary cells, genetic epistasis/knockdown in erythroid cells |
Molecular and cellular biology |
High |
16287841
|
| 2006 |
ETO2 is recruited into TAL-1/SCL complexes through interaction with E2A/HEB; ETO2 actively represses erythroid TAL-1 target genes and governs expansion of erythroid progenitors. At the onset of differentiation, a change in stoichiometry of ETO2 within the TAL-1 complex de-represses erythroid-specific target genes including Gfi-1b and p21Cip. |
Tagging/proteomics of TAL-1 complexes, ectopic expression and siRNA knockdown in hematopoietic progenitor cells, gene expression analysis |
The EMBO journal |
High |
16407974
|
| 2006 |
ErbB-4 s80 intracellular domain translocates to the nucleus, colocalizes and interacts with ETO2, and blocks ETO2-mediated transcriptional repression of a heterologous promoter. This effect does not require s80 kinase activity and is mediated by the C-terminal region of s80. |
Co-immunoprecipitation, co-localization, transcriptional reporter assay, kinase-dead mutant analysis |
The Journal of biological chemistry |
Medium |
16815842
|
| 2006 |
ZNF652 specifically interacts with CBFA2T3 through the C-terminal 109 amino acids of ZNF652; this interaction is substantially stronger than ZNF652 interactions with the other two ETO family members (CBFA2T1 and CBFA2T2). The CBFA2T3-ZNF652 complex represses transcription in reporter assays. |
Yeast two-hybrid screen, co-immunoprecipitation, transcriptional reporter assay |
Molecular cancer research : MCR |
Medium |
16966434
|
| 2008 |
CBFA2T3 interacts with ZNF652 via its NHR3 and NHR4 domains binding a conserved proline-rich region in the C-terminus of ZNF652; the CBFA2T3-ZNF652 corepressor complex directly represses HEB (E-box gene) by binding a single ZNF652 response element within the HEB promoter. |
Domain mapping, chromatin immunoprecipitation, transcriptional reporter assay, co-immunoprecipitation |
The Journal of biological chemistry |
High |
18456661
|
| 2008 |
Inactivation of Mtg16 in mice skews early myeloid progenitor cells toward granulocytic/macrophage lineage while reducing megakaryocyte-erythroid progenitors, and impairs rapid expansion of short-term stem cells and multipotent progenitors under hematopoietic stress. This proliferative defect is rescued by c-Myc but not Bcl2. |
Mtg16 knockout mice, flow cytometry of progenitor populations, rescue by c-Myc/Bcl2 complementation |
Molecular and cellular biology |
High |
18710942
|
| 2008 |
ETO2 (CBFA2T3) interacts with GATA1 in megakaryocytes; knockdown of ETO2 promotes megakaryocyte differentiation and enhances expression of terminal megakaryocyte genes including Pf4. ETO2 directly represses the Pf4 proximal promoter through GATA-binding sites and an E-Box motif, and endogenous ETO2, GATA1, and the SCL pentameric complex all occupy this promoter in vivo. |
Biotinylated GATA1 pull-down/proteomics, co-immunoprecipitation, ETO2 knockdown, chromatin immunoprecipitation, reporter assay |
Blood |
High |
18625887
|
| 2009 |
Eto2/Mtg16 and Mtgr1 are heteromeric corepressors of TAL1/SCL in murine erythroid progenitors; they interact through the bHLH domain of Tal1 and the TAF110 domain of Eto2. Mtgr1 and Eto2 enhance each other's association with Tal1. Enforced Eto2 expression inhibits the Protein 4.2 (P4.2) gene promoter (a direct TAL1 target), and Eto2 chromatin occupancy at the P4.2 promoter decreases during differentiation in parallel with declining Eto2 protein. |
Tandem affinity purification/LC-MS, co-immunoprecipitation in COS-7 and MEL cells, Gal4-fusion domain mapping, GST pull-down, chromatin immunoprecipitation |
Biochemical and biophysical research communications |
High |
19799863
|
| 2009 |
MTG16a (CBFA2T3) localizes to the nucleolus of breast epithelial cells and functions as a ribosomal RNA (rRNA) transcription repressor that counteracts MYC-driven rRNA activation. Knockdown or nucleolar sequestration of MTG16a impairs acinar morphogenesis and increases rRNA synthesis. |
RNA interference knockdown, nucleolar localization studies, rRNA transcription assays, 3D acinar morphogenesis assay |
Journal of cellular and molecular medicine |
Medium |
19961547
|
| 2010 |
MTG16 interacts with both CSL and the intracellular domains of Notch receptors; the Notch1 intracellular domain disrupts the MTG16-CSL interaction. Ex vivo Notch-dependent cell fate specification is impaired in Mtg16-/- hematopoietic progenitors and restored by MTG16 expression but not by an MTG16 derivative lacking the Notch intracellular domain binding site. |
Co-immunoprecipitation, Mtg16 knockout hematopoietic progenitor fate assays, MTG16 re-expression rescue with domain mutants |
Molecular and cellular biology |
High |
20123979
|
| 2010 |
CBFA2T3 forms a corepressor complex with ZNF651 (a ZNF652 paralogue) that shares the same consensus DNA binding sequence as ZNF652 and represses target gene expression, performing functionally similar roles to the CBFA2T3-ZNF652 complex in a tissue-specific manner. |
Reporter assay, co-immunoprecipitation, DNA binding sequence analysis |
FEBS letters |
Low |
20116376
|
| 2011 |
ETO2 (CBFA2T3) participates in the NLI (Ldb1 homolog) complex at a site downstream of the Aγ-globin gene (BGL3 region) in human erythroid cells. When β-globin is expressed, ETO2 and BCL11A co-occupy BGL3 sequences to repress γ-globin; when γ-globin is reactivated, ETO2 participation in the NLI complex at BGL3 is diminished, LCR proximity to the BGL3/γ-globin region is established, and both BGL3 and γ-globin are transcribed. |
ChIP of NLI complex members, chromatin conformation capture (chromosome conformation assays), knockdown of ETO2 |
Blood |
High |
22010104
|
| 2011 |
Mtg16 is required for T-cell development; Mtg16-/- LSK cells fail to produce CD4+/CD8+ cells in response to Notch signal in vitro. Complementation shows that the capacity of Mtg16 to suppress E2A-dependent transcriptional activation and to bind the Notch intracellular domain are both required for T-cell fate specification. |
Mtg16 knockout mice, competitive bone marrow transplantation, in vitro Notch-driven differentiation assay, domain complementation |
Molecular and cellular biology |
High |
21536648
|
| 2012 |
ETO2 directly regulates globin genes (HBB, HBA, ALAS2) in human erythroid cells by occupying GATA-1 target loci; ETO2 protein peaks early in erythroid differentiation and its decline contributes to activation of these targets. ETO2 overexpression represses, and shRNA knockdown de-represses, hemoglobin gene expression in primary erythroblasts. |
Microarray gene expression profiling, ChIP-seq integration, quantitative ChIP, shRNA knockdown and retroviral overexpression in primary erythroblasts |
Experimental hematology |
High |
23127762
|
| 2012 |
Kaiso (ZBTB33) interacts with MTG16 through its zinc finger domains; MTG16 is required for efficient repression of Kaiso target genes including MMP-7. ChIP shows MTG16 occupies the Kaiso binding site at the MMP-7 promoter, and this repression requires Kaiso to bind its DNA binding site. |
Yeast two-hybrid screen, co-immunoprecipitation, chromatin immunoprecipitation, transcriptional reporter assay with Kaiso binding site mutants |
PloS one |
High |
23251453
|
| 2014 |
Mtg16 promotes plasmacytoid dendritic cell (pDC) differentiation and restricts classical DC (cDC) development in part by directly repressing Id2; Mtg16-deficient pDCs and cDC progenitors show aberrant Id2 induction, and Id2 deletion partially rescues impaired pDC development in Mtg16-/- mice. |
Mtg16 knockout mice, genome-wide expression and DNA-binding analysis (ChIP), Id2 genetic epistasis (Mtg16/Id2 double KO rescue) |
The Journal of experimental medicine |
High |
24980046
|
| 2015 |
MTG16 loss promotes radioresistance in intestinal crypts and impacts intestinal stem cell function, shifting cellular response away from DNA damage-induced apoptosis toward DNA repair. Mtg16-/- crypts show increased Wnt3a-driven enterosphere formation but delayed maturation into enteroids. |
Mtg16 knockout mice, radiation injury model, flow cytometry for DNA damage markers, ex vivo crypt enteroid culture assays |
American journal of physiology. Gastrointestinal and liver physiology |
Medium |
25573176
|
| 2019 |
CBFA2T3 regulates cell-fate genes establishing leukemia stem cell gene expression signatures; its transcription is activated via the NM_005187 promoter by GCN5 in non-CBF AML. The RUNX1-RUNX1T1 fusion protein transcriptionally represses this CBFA2T3 promoter. ShRNA-mediated CBFA2T3 knockdown arrests G1/S progression and attenuates AML cell proliferation in vitro and in vivo. |
Gene set enrichment analysis of primary samples, shRNA knockdown (in vitro and xenograft), promoter analysis with GCN5 activation and RUNX1-RUNX1T1 repression |
Blood advances |
Medium |
31040112
|
| 2019 |
CBFA2T3 associates with PRDM14 in mouse leukemic cells independently of the related family member CBFA2T2; Prdm14-induced T-ALL does not occur in Cbfa2t3-deficient mice and develops with longer latency in heterozygotes, establishing that CBFA2T3 is required for PRDM14-driven leukemogenesis. |
Mass spectrometry protein interaction screen, co-immunoprecipitation, Cbfa2t3 knockout and heterozygous mouse leukemia model |
Molecular cancer research : MCR |
Medium |
31015254
|
| 2020 |
ETO2 (CBFA2T3) absence in mice interferes with downregulation of PU.1 and GATA2 in fetal liver, impeding commitment to erythroid maturation. ETO2 recruits the NuRD complex via its hydrophobic heptad repeat region to regulate histone acetylation and nucleosome occupancy at the β-globin locus control region and γ-globin gene; loss of ETO2 elevates LDB1, MED1, and Pol II and facilitates fetal γ-globin/LCR looping and γ-globin transcription. |
Eto2 knockout mice (including human β-globin transgenic), human CD34+ cells with ETO2 reduction, ChIP-seq, chromatin conformation capture, NuRD interaction assays with hydrophobic heptad repeat deletion mutant |
Nucleic acids research |
High |
32960220
|
| 2020 |
MTG8 and MTG16 are expressed by +4/5 early intestinal progenitors (repressed by Notch/ATOH1 signaling) and repress transcription of stem cell-specific genes (Lgr5, Ascl2) and ATOH1-regulated secretory-lineage genes; MTG16-KO intestines show crypt hyperproliferation, ISC expansion, and impaired enterocyte differentiation. |
Lgr5-GFP sorted cell expression profiling, Mtg16/Mtg8 knockout intestinal organoids, histology, immunohistochemistry, RNA-seq, ChIP-seq of intestinal crypts |
Gastroenterology |
High |
32553763
|
| 2021 |
CBFA2T3 and RUNX1 form a complex in BCP-ALL cells; RUNX1 drives expression of both RUNX1 and CBFA2T3 via an enhancer ~2 kb upstream of the CBFA2T3 promoter. CBFA2T3 strongly potentiates RUNX1 transcriptional activity (activation loop). A CBFA2T3 NHR2-mimicking peptide inhibits the RUNX1-CBFA2T3 interaction and reduces BCP-ALL proliferation in vitro and in xenograft models. |
ChIP-seq, co-immunoprecipitation, proximity ligation assay, luciferase reporter assay, xenograft mouse model |
Journal of hematology & oncology |
High |
33743795
|
| 2022 |
MTG16 controls colonic epithelial differentiation and regeneration by repressing E protein-mediated transcription; a point mutation (P209T) that attenuates MTG16:E protein interactions partially phenocopies MTG16 deficiency with increased tumorigenicity, demonstrating that E protein repression is a key functional mechanism of MTG16 in the colon. |
Mtg16-/- and Mtg16P209T knock-in mice, DSS colitis model, azoxymethane/DSS colitis-associated cancer model, transcriptomic analysis, chromatin immunoprecipitation |
JCI insight |
High |
35503250
|
| 2024 |
ETO2 (CBFA2T3) directly activates transcription of MYB (among other genes) at enhancers by colocalizing with EP300 and MYB, forming an ETO2/MYB feedforward transcription activation loop. EP300 acetyltransferase inhibition strongly reduces ETO2 protein, chromatin binding, and ETO2-activated transcripts. |
Transcriptomic and chromatin binding analyses (ChIP/CUT&RUN), controlled ETO2 depletion models, EP300 inhibition (small molecule and PROTAC) |
HemaSphere |
Medium |
38903535
|
| 2024 |
CBFA2T3 is a PPARA-sensitive gene in mouse liver; hepatic CBFA2T3 modulates expression of Cidea, Cd36, and Fabp1 (lipid accumulation genes) and Hspa1b and Ca5a. Loss of Cbfa2t3 in mice leads to increased insulin resistance and fasting-induced hepatic lipid accumulation. |
Cbfa2t3 knockout mice, PPARA ligand (WY14643) treatment, glucose and insulin tolerance tests, hepatic histology, gene expression analysis |
Cells |
Medium |
38786053
|
| 2025 |
ETO2 NHR4 domain interacts with multiple polyproline-leucine motifs within GATAD2A (a NuRD complex component); oligomerization of ETO2 NHR3 enhances binding affinity for peptides containing ≥2 polyproline-leucine motifs (multivalent interaction). A peptide disrupting this interaction elevates γ-globin expression and induces differentiation of HUDEP-2 and K562 cells. |
Biochemical binding assays, peptide competition, enforced peptide expression in cell lines with γ-globin expression readout |
Nucleic acids research |
High |
40421803
|
| 2025 |
Mtg16 interaction with E proteins (via NHR1 domain residue F210) is critical for B and T lymphopoiesis; F210A knock-in mice show impaired lymphopoiesis after competitive bone marrow transplant equivalent to Mtg16-/- mice. The Mtg16:E protein interaction is also required for normal burst-forming unit-erythroid (BFU-E) response after hemolytic stress, though Mtg16-/- mice are more severely anemic. |
Mtg16F210A knock-in mice, Mtg16P209T knock-in mice, competitive bone marrow transplantation, phenylhydrazine-induced hemolytic anemia model, colony-forming assays |
Experimental hematology |
High |
40316246
|
| 2025 |
ETO2 (via the ETO2::GLIS2 fusion) drives progressive chromatin rewiring during leukemogenesis: it aberrantly activates the osteogenic homeobox factor DLX3, which in turn increases accessibility to ETS factor motifs and reduces GATA motif accessibility. DLX3 knockout abrogates leukemia initiation in an iPSC model expressing ETO2::GLIS2. |
CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing of human iPSCs to create the ETO2::GLIS2 inversion, single-cell transcriptomics and chromatin accessibility profiling, DLX3 KO epistasis |
Blood |
Medium |
39656971
|
| 2024 |
CBFA2T3-GLIS2 fusion protein binds genome-wide through its NHR2 domain (ETO moiety)-dependent homodimerization; loss of the NHR2 domain abrogates leukemia development and downregulates JAK/STAT, Hedgehog, and NOTCH transcriptional signatures. The fusion upregulates a network of transcription factor genes (NOTCH, Hedgehog, TGFβ, WNT pathways) by directly binding their regulatory elements. |
CBFA2T3-GLIS2 mouse model, genome-wide ChIP/binding mapping, NHR2 deletion mutant functional studies |
Nature communications |
Medium |
39384814
|
| 2017 |
ETO2-GLIS2 fusion oncoprotein confers megakaryocytic identity via the GLIS2 moiety while both ETO2 and GLIS2 domains are required to drive increased self-renewal. ETO2-GLIS2 directly binds DNA and controls transcription by upregulating expression and interacting with ERG at enhancer elements. Interference with ETO2-GLIS2 oligomerization reverses transcriptional activation at enhancers and promotes megakaryocytic differentiation. |
Domain-specific functional studies, ChIP/enhancer occupancy assays, oligomerization inhibition experiments |
Cancer cell |
High |
28292442
|
| 2012 |
MTG16 is concentrated in the cytoplasm of erythroleukemia cell lines (human and mouse), and treatment with the CRM1 antagonist leptomycin-B causes MTG16 levels to rise in the nucleus and decline in the cytoplasm, indicating bidirectional CRM1-dependent nucleocytoplasmic shuttling. |
Immunofluorescence with validated α-MTG16 antibodies, leptomycin-B CRM1 inhibition, subcellular fractionation |
Antibody technology journal |
Medium |
36267145
|
| 2025 |
MYB represses ζ-globin expression by upregulating ETO2; ETO2 functions as a novel repressor of ζ-globin through coordination with the NuRD complex to modulate histone deacetylation at the ζ-globin locus. ETO2 knockout in primary CD34+ cells from non-deletional hemoglobin H patients significantly increases ζ-globin expression. |
MYB knockout mouse models, MYB-knockout human cell lines, ETO2 knockout in primary CD34+ cells, multiomics (RNA-seq, ChIP), NuRD interaction analysis |
Acta biochimica et biophysica Sinica |
Medium |
39757769
|