Affinage

TP53

Cellular tumor antigen p53 · UniProt P04637

Length
393 aa
Mass
43.7 kDa
Annotated
2026-06-10
100 papers in source corpus 18 papers cited in narrative 18 extracted findings
Cross-family judge vs UniProt: Affinage preferred faithfulness: 7/7 claims corpus-supported (100%)

Mechanistic narrative

Synthesis pass · prose summary of the discoveries below

TP53 encodes p53, a site-specific transcriptional transactivator and repressor that executes tumor suppression by inducing target genes governing cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, autophagy, and senescence (PMID:7675543). p53 engages chromatin as a pioneer factor, binding preferentially at nucleosome edges where nucleosome position dominates over intrinsic site affinity, with strong nonspecific nucleosome binding facilitating chromatin access (PMID:30409772). Its abundance is set by an antagonism between Mdm2-driven ubiquitination/degradation and counteracting deubiquitinases USP10 and USP11, which strip ubiquitin from p53 and are required for its induction after DNA damage (PMID:20096447, PMID:25471832). Layered post-translational modifications tune activity: NAT10 acetylates p53 at K120 while also degrading Mdm2 to stabilize p53 (PMID:26882543); ING4/ING5 bridge p53 to p300 to enhance K382 acetylation and drive p21/WAF1 transactivation and apoptosis (PMID:12750254); a p53DINP1-associated kinase phosphorylates Ser46 to license DNA-damage-induced apoptosis (PMID:11511362); and CBP-catalyzed β-hydroxybutyrylation at K120/K319/K370 lowers acetylation and dampens p21/PUMA induction and apoptosis (PMID:30858356). Downstream, p53 drives an FBXO22-KDM4B-TFEB axis to upregulate basal autophagy (PMID:33706682) and dismantles pericentromeric heterochromatin during senescence by downregulating TRF2, triggering ATM-dependent breaks and an interferon response (PMID:35819196). The gene also generates isoforms with distinct activities: Δ133p53 acts as a dominant-negative inhibitor of full-length p53 while p53β enhances target transactivation (PMID:16131611), and Δ133p53β promotes invasion and EMT independent of full-length TP53 mutation status (PMID:27630122). Inactivation occurs through DNA tumor virus oncoproteins, including HPV E6, which recruits E6AP/UBE3A to multi-ubiquitinate and degrade p53 (PMID:7675543, PMID:12619117), and TP53 loss enables SOX2-driven lineage plasticity and therapy resistance in prostate cancer (PMID:28059768). Hotspot mutations produce both loss of function and exploitable neoepitopes, exemplified by the R175H neoantigen presented on HLA-A and targetable by a bispecific antibody (PMID:33649166).

Mechanistic history

Synthesis pass · year-by-year structured walk · 18 steps
  1. 1995 Medium

    Established p53 as a sequence-specific transcriptional regulator and identified its inactivation by DNA tumor virus oncoproteins, framing p53 as a degradation-controlled tumor suppressor.

    Evidence Co-IP, ubiquitination and transcriptional reporter assays summarizing viral oncoprotein interactions

    PMID:7675543

    Open questions at the time
    • Review-level summary rather than primary mechanism
    • Cellular target genes not enumerated here
  2. 2001 High

    Resolved how DNA-damage signaling selects apoptosis over arrest by identifying p53DINP1 as a Ser46-phosphorylation–promoting complex required for damage-induced death.

    Evidence Differential display, antisense knockdown, kinase assay and apoptosis readouts

    PMID:11511362

    Open questions at the time
    • Identity of the catalytic kinase in the complex not defined
    • Structural basis of Ser46 recognition unknown
  3. 2001 Medium

    Showed that p53 levels can be suppressed by external metabolite signaling, linking deoxycholic acid to CRM1-dependent nuclear export, ERK signaling, and proteasomal degradation of p53.

    Evidence Pharmacological dissection with proteasome, export, and ERK/PKC inhibitors plus Western blot and reporter assay

    PMID:11375905

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct E3 ligase mediating degradation not identified
    • Single pathway dissection in one system
  4. 2003 Medium

    Defined a coactivator route to p53 acetylation by showing ING4/ING5 bridge p53 to p300 to enhance K382 acetylation and drive p21 transactivation and apoptosis.

    Evidence Reciprocal Co-IP, reporter, Western blot and apoptosis assays

    PMID:12750254

    Open questions at the time
    • Quantitative contribution to endogenous acetylation unclear
    • In vivo relevance not tested
  5. 2003 Medium

    Detailed the HPV E6 inactivation mechanism, showing high-risk E6 recruits E6AP/UBE3A to multi-ubiquitinate and degrade p53 whereas low-risk E6 binds without degrading.

    Evidence Co-IP, ubiquitination and degradation assays consolidated across labs

    PMID:12619117

    Open questions at the time
    • Review consolidation rather than single primary study
    • Structural basis of E6-E6AP-p53 ternary complex not provided here
  6. 2005 High

    Revealed that TP53 produces functionally divergent isoforms from an intron-3 alternative promoter, with p53β enhancing transactivation and Δ133p53 acting as a dominant-negative inhibitor of apoptosis.

    Evidence Reporter and promoter binding assays, apoptosis assay, RT-PCR and tissue expression

    PMID:16131611

    Open questions at the time
    • Physiological regulation of isoform choice unknown
    • Endogenous protein-level abundance of isoforms not quantified
  7. 2010 High

    Identified USP10 as a cytoplasmic deubiquitinase that reverses Mdm2-driven p53 export/degradation and relocates to the nucleus upon ATM phosphorylation to activate p53 after DNA damage.

    Evidence Co-IP, in vitro deubiquitination, mutagenesis, fractionation and kinase assays

    PMID:20096447

    Open questions at the time
    • Relative contribution versus other p53 DUBs unquantified
    • Determinants of nuclear translocation timing unclear
  8. 2014 Medium

    Added USP11 as a second deubiquitinase that complexes with and stabilizes p53 and is required for full p53 induction under DNA damage.

    Evidence Co-IP, ubiquitination assay, siRNA knockdown and Western blot

    PMID:25471832

    Open questions at the time
    • Limited mechanistic detail beyond abstract
    • No reciprocal in vitro deubiquitination demonstrated
  9. 2016 High

    Showed NAT10 acetylates p53 at K120 and concurrently degrades Mdm2 via its E3 ligase activity, defining a dual stabilization mechanism activated by nucleolar-to-nucleoplasmic relocation after damage.

    Evidence Co-IP, in vitro acetylation and ubiquitination assays, fractionation, loss-of-function

    PMID:26882543

    Open questions at the time
    • Trigger for NAT10 relocalization not defined
    • Separation of acetyltransferase versus ligase contributions to p53 stability unresolved
  10. 2016 Medium

    Demonstrated that the Δ133p53β isoform actively promotes invasion and EMT independent of full-length TP53 mutation status, establishing an oncogenic isoform-driven phenotype.

    Evidence Isoform-specific siRNA knockdown, invasion and EMT marker assays, clinical correlations

    PMID:27630122

    Open questions at the time
    • Transcriptional targets mediating invasion not defined
    • Mechanism of isoform-specific promoter selection unknown
  11. 2018 High

    Defined the chromatin-engagement rules of p53 as a pioneer factor, showing binding is restricted to nucleosome edges with position dominating over site affinity.

    Evidence Competitive in vitro nucleosome binding with sequencing and ChIP validation

    PMID:30409772

    Open questions at the time
    • How edge binding nucleates downstream coactivator recruitment unclear
    • Effect of cofactors on nucleosomal access not tested
  12. 2019 Medium

    Identified β-hydroxybutyrylation as a metabolite-driven negative modification, with CBP-catalyzed Kbhb at K120/K319/K370 reducing acetylation and blunting p21/PUMA induction and apoptosis.

    Evidence Mass spectrometry, in vitro modification, gene expression, viability assays and mouse tissue analysis

    PMID:30858356

    Open questions at the time
    • Enzyme removing the Kbhb mark not identified
    • Physiological ketone conditions driving the mark in vivo not delineated
  13. 2021 Medium

    Connected p53 to autophagy control via transcriptional induction of FBXO22, which degrades KDM4B to derepress TFEB, a route counteracted by AKT1 phosphorylation of KDM4B.

    Evidence ChIP-seq, ubiquitination assay, fbxo22 knockout mice, overexpression and Co-IP

    PMID:33706682

    Open questions at the time
    • Tissue-specificity of the axis not mapped
    • Quantitative contribution to total autophagic flux unclear
  14. 2021 Medium

    Showed TP53 loss drives AR-independent lineage plasticity and enzalutamide resistance through SOX2, with TP53/RB1 restoration or SOX2 inhibition reversing the phenotype.

    Evidence In vitro and in vivo prostate cancer models with TP53 restoration and SOX2 knockdown

    PMID:28059768

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct transcriptional link between p53 and SOX2 not fully defined
    • Generalizability beyond prostate lineage untested
  15. 2021 Medium

    Established that p53 controls regulated secretion, driving adipocyte exosome and protein release (including FABP4) under lipolytic and genotoxic stress.

    Evidence p53 inhibitor and nutlin activation, p53-/- mice, secretome mass spectrometry

    PMID:37347719

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct transcriptional effectors of secretion not identified
    • Mechanism linking p53 to vesicle biogenesis unclear
  16. 2021 High

    Demonstrated that the R175H hotspot mutant generates an HLA-A-presented neoantigen targetable by a bispecific antibody that redirects T cells to lyse cancer cells, establishing mutant p53 as an immunotherapeutic target.

    Evidence Structural analysis of antibody-peptide-HLA complex, T cell activation and tumor lysis assays, mouse xenografts

    PMID:33649166

    Open questions at the time
    • Coverage of other hotspot neoepitopes not addressed
    • In-human efficacy not established here
  17. 2022 Medium

    Defined a p53-TRF2 axis driving selective pericentromeric heterochromatin dismantling at senescence onset via ATM-dependent breaks, KAP1/Lamin B1 release, satellite excision and interferon activation.

    Evidence Live imaging, ChIP, DNA damage assays, fractionation, cytosolic DNA detection and genetic epistasis

    PMID:35819196

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct transcriptional control of TRF2 by p53 not fully resolved
    • Functional consequence of the interferon response for senescence outcome unclear
  18. 2023 High

    Showed that a structurally near-native germline variant Y107H selectively loses transactivation of a small target subset including PADI4, defining an immune-dependent p53-PADI4 tumor suppression axis.

    Evidence NMR, X-ray crystallography, transactivation assays, mouse tumor models and colony suppression

    PMID:37140445

    Open questions at the time
    • Mechanism of selective promoter discrimination by Y107H unknown
    • Immune cell types mediating PADI4-dependent suppression not pinpointed

Open questions

Synthesis pass · forward-looking unresolved questions
  • How the dense layer of competing post-translational modifications, isoform ratios, and cofactor availability is integrated to specify a single p53 transcriptional output (arrest vs apoptosis vs senescence vs autophagy) in a given cell state remains unresolved.
  • No unified model linking modification state to target gene selection
  • Quantitative interplay of stabilizing DUBs/acetylation versus repressive Kbhb not reconstituted
  • Isoform-resolved contributions to integrated output untested

Mechanism profile

Synthesis pass · controlled-vocabulary classification · explore literature graph →
Molecular activity
GO:0140110 transcription regulator activity 3 GO:0003677 DNA binding 2
Localization
GO:0000228 nuclear chromosome 2 GO:0005634 nucleus 2 GO:0005829 cytosol 1
Pathway
R-HSA-1643685 Disease 3 R-HSA-5357801 Programmed Cell Death 3 R-HSA-74160 Gene expression (Transcription) 3 R-HSA-4839726 Chromatin organization 2 R-HSA-8953897 Cellular responses to stimuli 2 R-HSA-9612973 Autophagy 1
Partners
EP300ING4MDM2NAT10TRF2UBE3AUSP10USP11

Evidence

Reading pass · 18 per-paper findings extracted from the source corpus
Year Finding Method Journal Conf PMIDs
2010 USP10, a cytoplasmic ubiquitin-specific protease, deubiquitinates p53, reversing Mdm2-induced p53 nuclear export and degradation. After DNA damage, ATM-mediated phosphorylation of USP10 at Thr42 and Ser337 stabilizes USP10 and triggers a fraction of USP10 to translocate to the nucleus to activate p53. Co-immunoprecipitation, in vitro deubiquitination assay, site-directed mutagenesis, subcellular fractionation, kinase assay Cell High 20096447
2016 NAT10 acetylates p53 at K120 and stabilizes p53 by counteracting Mdm2. Additionally, NAT10 promotes Mdm2 degradation via its intrinsic E3 ubiquitin ligase activity. After DNA damage, NAT10 translocates from the nucleolus to the nucleoplasm to activate p53-mediated cell cycle control and apoptosis. Co-immunoprecipitation, in vitro acetylation assay, ubiquitination assay, subcellular fractionation, loss-of-function experiments EMBO reports High 26882543
2005 The human p53 gene contains an alternative promoter in intron 3 and produces multiple splice variant isoforms. The p53beta isoform can bind differentially to promoters and enhance p53 target gene expression in a promoter-dependent manner, while Delta133p53 acts as a dominant-negative inhibitor of full-length p53, suppressing p53-mediated apoptosis. Reporter gene assay, promoter binding assay, apoptosis assay, RT-PCR, tissue expression analysis Genes & development High 16131611
2019 p53 is modified by beta-hydroxybutyrylation (Kbhb) at lysines 120, 319, and 370, catalyzed by CBP. This modification results in lower levels of p53 acetylation, reduced expression of p53 downstream genes p21 and PUMA, and reduced cell growth arrest and apoptosis under p53-activating conditions. Mass spectrometry, in vitro modification assay, Western blot, gene expression analysis, cell viability assay, mouse tissue analysis Cell death & disease Medium 30858356
2003 p29ING4 and p28ING5 physically interact with both p53 and p300 (a histone acetyltransferase), enhance p53 acetylation at Lys-382, activate the p21/WAF1 promoter, and induce apoptosis in a p53-dependent manner. Co-immunoprecipitation, reporter gene assay, Western blot, apoptosis assay, colony formation assay Cancer research Medium 12750254
2001 p53DINP1 is a p53-inducible gene whose protein product forms a complex that phosphorylates p53 at Ser46. Antisense inhibition of p53DINP1 blocks DNA damage-induced Ser46 phosphorylation, p53AIP1 induction, and apoptosis. Overexpression of p53DINP1 synergistically enhances Ser46 phosphorylation and apoptotic cell death with DNA damage. Differential display, antisense oligonucleotide knockdown, kinase assay, co-immunoprecipitation, apoptosis assay Molecular cell High 11511362
2014 USP11, an ubiquitin-specific protease, forms specific complexes with p53 and stabilizes p53 by deubiquitinating it. Down-regulation of USP11 dramatically attenuates p53 induction in response to DNA damage stress. Co-immunoprecipitation, ubiquitination assay, Western blot, siRNA knockdown Journal of Zhejiang University. Science. B Medium 25471832
2018 TP53 functions as a pioneer transcription factor with binding limited to nucleosome edges; significant binding inhibition occurs within 50 bp of the nucleosome dyad. Binding site affinity affects TP53 binding only at equivalent nucleosomal positions; otherwise, nucleosome position takes precedence. TP53 has strong nonspecific nucleosome binding facilitating chromatin interaction. Competitive in vitro nucleosome binding assay, next-generation sequencing, cell line ChIP validation Genome research High 30409772
2016 The p53 isoform Delta133p53beta promotes cancer cell invasion and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) regardless of full-length TP53 mutation status. Endogenous mutant Delta133p53beta depletion prevents invasiveness without affecting full-length mutant p53 expression. siRNA knockdown, invasion assay, EMT marker analysis, clinical correlations eLife Medium 27630122
2001 Deoxycholic acid (DCA) suppresses p53 protein levels by stimulating proteasome-mediated p53 degradation. This process requires nuclear export via CRM1 and is mediated in part through ERK signaling, as ERK pathway blockade (but not PKC blockade) prevents DCA-induced p53 suppression. Proteasome inhibitor (lactacystin), nuclear export inhibitor (leptomycin B), ERK/PKC pathway inhibitors, Western blot, reporter assay Carcinogenesis Medium 11375905
2021 TP53 transcriptionally induces FBXO22, which ubiquitinates KDM4B (complexed with MYC-NCOR1 suppressors) for degradation, leading to transcriptional induction of TFEB and upregulation of basal autophagy. AKT1 activation counteracts this process through phosphorylation of KDM4B, inhibiting FBXO22-mediated ubiquitination. ChIP-seq, ubiquitination assay, genetic knockout (fbxo22 mice), overexpression studies, co-immunoprecipitation Autophagy Medium 33706682
2022 At the onset of senescence, TP53 activation leads to downregulation of TRF2 at pericentromeres, which triggers ATM-mediated DNA breaks, heterochromatin decondensation (release of KAP1 and Lamin B1), recombination, satellite DNA excision, and interferon response activation. This TP53-TRF2 axis drives selective pericentromeric heterochromatin dismantling during senescence. Live cell imaging, ChIP, DNA damage assays, fractionation, cytosolic DNA detection (cGAS), genetic epistasis Nucleic acids research Medium 35819196
2023 A rare African-specific TP53 germline variant Y107H is structurally similar to wild-type p53 (by NMR and crystal structure) but is selectively impaired for transactivation of a small subset of target genes including PADI4. PADI4 is itself tumor suppressive and requires an intact immune system for tumor suppression, defining a p53-PADI4 immune-modulatory tumor suppression axis. NMR spectroscopy, X-ray crystallography, transactivation assays, mouse tumor models, colony suppression assay Cancer discovery High 37140445
2021 TP53-dependent activation of p53 in adipocytes facilitates exosome and protein secretion (including FABP4 and AdEV proteins) in response to lipolytic stimulation and genotoxic stress. Pharmacologic inhibition or genetic loss of p53 attenuates adipocyte-derived extracellular vesicle and protein secretion. p53 inhibitor treatment, MDM2 antagonist (nutlin) activation, p53-/- mouse model, mass spectrometry of secretome, Western blot Diabetes Medium 37347719
2021 TP53 loss enables cancer cell lineage plasticity from AR-dependent luminal epithelial to AR-independent basal-like cells in prostate cancer, mediated through increased SOX2 expression. Restoring TP53 function (together with RB1) or inhibiting SOX2 reverses this lineage plasticity and enzalutamide resistance. In vitro and in vivo prostate cancer models, TP53/RB1 restoration, SOX2 knockdown, lineage marker analysis Science (New York, N.Y.) Medium 28059768
2021 The most common TP53 mutation R175H generates a neoantigen peptide presented on HLA-A at the cell surface. A bispecific single-chain diabody antibody specific for the R175H p53 peptide-HLA complex effectively activates T cells to lyse cancer cells presenting this neoantigen in vitro and in mice. Structural analysis of antibody-peptide-HLA complex, T cell activation assay, tumor cell lysis assay, mouse xenograft model Science (New York, N.Y.) High 33649166
1995 p53 protein functions as a site-specific transcriptional transactivator and transcriptional repressor. Oncoproteins from DNA tumor viruses (SV40 large T antigen, adenovirus E1B, HPV E6) form complexes with p53, causing its inactivation; HPV E6 uses E6AP (UBE3A) as an E3 ubiquitin ligase to promote multi-ubiquitination and degradation of p53. Co-immunoprecipitation, ubiquitination assay, transcriptional reporter assay Pathologie-biologie Medium 7675543
2003 HPV E6 from high-risk HPV types associates with E6AP (UBE3A), and this dimeric complex binds p53 and catalyzes multi-ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation of p53. Low-risk HPV E6 proteins can bind p53 but lack the ability to promote its degradation. Co-immunoprecipitation, ubiquitination assay, protein degradation assay Human mutation Medium 12619117

Source papers

Stage 0 corpus · 100 papers · ranked by NIH iCite citations
Year Title Journal Citations PMID
2017 SOX2 promotes lineage plasticity and antiandrogen resistance in TP53- and RB1-deficient prostate cancer. Science (New York, N.Y.) 893 28059768
2005 p53 isoforms can regulate p53 transcriptional activity. Genes & development 679 16131611
2016 TP53 Variations in Human Cancers: New Lessons from the IARC TP53 Database and Genomics Data. Human mutation 610 27328919
2010 USP10 regulates p53 localization and stability by deubiquitinating p53. Cell 513 20096447
2017 Why are there hotspot mutations in the TP53 gene in human cancers? Cell death and differentiation 478 29099487
2021 Targeting a neoantigen derived from a common TP53 mutation. Science (New York, N.Y.) 290 33649166
2001 p53DINP1, a p53-inducible gene, regulates p53-dependent apoptosis. Molecular cell 283 11511362
2003 TP53 mutation in colorectal cancer. Human mutation 265 12619112
2003 TP53 and breast cancer. Human mutation 261 12619115
2007 Living with p53, dying of p53. Cell 256 17719538
2015 TP53: an oncogene in disguise. Cell death and differentiation 253 26024390
2020 p53 immunohistochemistry is an accurate surrogate for TP53 mutational analysis in endometrial carcinoma biopsies. The Journal of pathology 252 31829441
2003 p29ING4 and p28ING5 bind to p53 and p300, and enhance p53 activity. Cancer research 240 12750254
2020 Cas9 activates the p53 pathway and selects for p53-inactivating mutations. Nature genetics 236 32424350
2016 Tumor-Suppressor Functions of the TP53 Pathway. Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in medicine 233 27141080
2010 Clinical outcomes and correlates of TP53 mutations and cancer. Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in biology 233 20300207
2003 TP53 mutations in human skin cancers. Human mutation 208 12619107
2003 TP53 and gastric carcinoma: a review. Human mutation 193 12619111
2011 Sarcomas in TP53 germline mutation carriers: a review of the IARC TP53 database. Cancer 191 21837677
2003 TP53 family members and human cancers. Human mutation 189 12619104
2003 TP53 and liver carcinogenesis. Human mutation 187 12619106
1995 Germline mutations in the TP53 gene. Cancer surveys 171 8718514
2016 NAT10 regulates p53 activation through acetylating p53 at K120 and ubiquitinating Mdm2. EMBO reports 168 26882543
2020 Major p53 immunohistochemical patterns in in situ and invasive squamous cell carcinomas of the vulva and correlation with TP53 mutation status. Modern pathology : an official journal of the United States and Canadian Academy of Pathology, Inc 161 32203095
1994 TP53 gene mutations and p53 protein immunoreactivity in malignant and premalignant Barrett's esophagus. Gastroenterology 158 7523212
2002 TP53: a key gene in human cancer. Biochimie 150 11900880
2003 The role of TP53 in Cervical carcinogenesis. Human mutation 142 12619117
2019 p53 β-hydroxybutyrylation attenuates p53 activity. Cell death & disease 135 30858356
2021 Autophagy inhibition mediated by MCOLN1/TRPML1 suppresses cancer metastasis via regulating a ROS-driven TP53/p53 pathway. Autophagy 130 34878954
2003 TP53 and ovarian cancer. Human mutation 128 12619114
2022 Should mutant TP53 be targeted for cancer therapy? Cell death and differentiation 119 35332311
2010 Massively regulated genes: the example of TP53. The Journal of pathology 111 19918835
2015 Germline TP53 variants and susceptibility to osteosarcoma. Journal of the National Cancer Institute 107 25896519
2019 Understanding p53 functions through p53 antibodies. Journal of molecular cell biology 102 30907951
2023 The Role of TP53 in Adaptation and Evolution. Cells 98 36766853
2016 p53 pathway dysfunction is highly prevalent in acute myeloid leukemia independent of TP53 mutational status. Leukemia 92 27885271
2013 Tumor protein p53 (TP53) testing and Li-Fraumeni syndrome : current status of clinical applications and future directions. Molecular diagnosis & therapy 80 23355100
2010 TP53 and MTOR crosstalk to regulate cellular senescence. Aging 76 20876940
2016 Clinical Outcomes of TP53 Mutations in Cancers. Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in medicine 74 27449973
2001 Deoxycholic acid suppresses p53 by stimulating proteasome-mediated p53 protein degradation. Carcinogenesis 74 11375905
2022 TP53 Sequencing and p53 Immunohistochemistry Predict Outcomes When Bevacizumab Is Added to Frontline Chemotherapy in Endometrial Cancer: An NRG Oncology/Gynecologic Oncology Group Study. Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology 72 35658479
2020 Heterogeneity of TP53 Mutations and P53 Protein Residual Function in Cancer: Does It Matter? Frontiers in oncology 66 33194757
1994 TP53 allele loss, mutations and expression in malignant melanoma. British journal of cancer 65 7905277
2024 Significance of TP53, CDKN2A, SMAD4 and KRAS in Pancreatic Cancer. Current issues in molecular biology 63 38666907
2003 TP53 and head and neck neoplasms. Human mutation 62 12619110
2019 Deregulation and Targeting of TP53 Pathway in Multiple Myeloma. Frontiers in oncology 60 30687640
2006 The p53 network: p53 and its downstream genes. Colloids and surfaces. B, Biointerfaces 59 17188467
2016 TP53 drives invasion through expression of its Δ133p53β variant. eLife 56 27630122
2014 Mutant TP53 posttranslational modifications: challenges and opportunities. Human mutation 56 24395704
2021 TP53 in Biology and Treatment of Osteosarcoma. Cancers 55 34503094
1999 Is TP53 dysfunction required for BRCA1-associated carcinogenesis? Molecular and cellular endocrinology 55 10580847
2016 TP53 mutation hits energy metabolism and increases glycolysis in breast cancer. Oncotarget 53 27582538
2021 Spontaneous and inherited TP53 genetic alterations. Oncogene 52 34389799
2020 p53 is associated with high-risk and pinpoints TP53 missense mutations in mantle cell lymphoma. British journal of haematology 52 32748433
2020 Therapeutic Editing of the TP53 Gene: Is CRISPR/Cas9 an Option? Genes 51 32630614
2014 USP11 regulates p53 stability by deubiquitinating p53. Journal of Zhejiang University. Science. B 51 25471832
2018 Patterns of mutations in TP53 mutated AML. Best practice & research. Clinical haematology 50 30466751
2020 p53's Extended Reach: The Mutant p53 Secretome. Biomolecules 48 32075247
2016 TP53 mutation, mitochondria and cancer. Current opinion in genetics & development 48 27003724
2003 TP53 and mutations in human cancer. Acta biochimica Polonica 47 12673364
2018 Defining TP53 pioneering capabilities with competitive nucleosome binding assays. Genome research 46 30409772
2019 TP53, TP53 Target Genes (DRAM, TIGAR), and Autophagy. Advances in experimental medicine and biology 45 31776983
2020 Diagnostic accuracy of p53 immunohistochemistry as surrogate of TP53 sequencing in endometrial cancer. Pathology, research and practice 44 32703491
1993 The role of TP53 in breast cancer development. Cancer surveys 43 8013000
2021 TP53 mutations increase radioresistance in rhabdomyosarcoma and Ewing sarcoma. British journal of cancer 40 34017087
2016 TRIMming p53's anticancer activity. Oncogene 40 26898759
2022 p53 immunostaining pattern is a useful surrogate marker for TP53 gene mutations. Diagnostic pathology 39 36471402
2014 Plk1-targeted therapies in TP53- or RAS-mutated cancer. Mutation research. Reviews in mutation research 39 24630986
2024 TP53: the unluckiest of genes? Cell death and differentiation 38 39443700
2018 p53 and reproduction. Fertility and sterility 36 29307398
1998 Correlation of TP53 mutations and p53 expression in ovarian tumors. Cancer genetics and cytogenetics 36 9723023
1995 Mutation and expression of TP53 in malignant melanomas. Recent results in cancer research. Fortschritte der Krebsforschung. Progres dans les recherches sur le cancer 36 7597286
2007 Mdm2: p53's lifesaver? Molecular cell 35 17386256
2023 TP53 mutation and abnormal p53 expression in endometrial cancer: Associations with race and outcomes. Gynecologic oncology 33 37748270
2005 Mutation and methylation analysis of TP53 in adrenal carcinogenesis. European journal of surgical oncology : the journal of the European Society of Surgical Oncology and the British Association of Surgical Oncology 33 15922892
1996 Demonstration of p53 protein and TP53 gene mutations in oligodendrogliomas. European journal of cancer (Oxford, England : 1990) 31 9038605
2021 Heterogeneity and Clonal Evolution of Acquired PARP Inhibitor Resistance in TP53- and BRCA1-Deficient Cells. Cancer research 30 33514515
2016 TP53/MicroRNA Interplay in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. International journal of molecular sciences 29 27918441
2011 TP53-Associated Pediatric Malignancies. Genes & cancer 28 21779516
2018 Nanocomplex-based TP53 gene therapy promotes anti-tumor immunity through TP53- and STING-dependent mechanisms. Oncoimmunology 26 29900037
2016 Nutlin-3a selects for cells harbouring TP53 mutations. International journal of cancer 26 27813088
2023 An African-Specific Variant of TP53 Reveals PADI4 as a Regulator of p53-Mediated Tumor Suppression. Cancer discovery 25 37140445
2022 Transplant for TP53-mutated MDS and AML: because we can or because we should? Hematology. American Society of Hematology. Education Program 24 36485102
2018 Germline mutation in the TP53 gene in uveal melanoma. Scientific reports 24 29769598
2003 TP53 mutations in workers exposed to occupational carcinogens. Human mutation 22 12619109
2019 Targeting TP53 Mutations in Myelodysplastic Syndromes. Hematology/oncology clinics of North America 21 32089220
2023 p53 Expression in Luminal Breast Cancer Correlates With TP53 Mutation and Primary Endocrine Resistance. Modern pathology : an official journal of the United States and Canadian Academy of Pathology, Inc 20 36788081
2021 TP53/p53-FBXO22-TFEB controls basal autophagy to govern hormesis. Autophagy 20 33706682
2019 Distinct TP53 Mutation Subtypes Differentially Influence Cellular Iron Metabolism. Nutrients 19 31500291
2014 BRCA2 and TP53 collaborate in tumorigenesis in zebrafish. PloS one 19 24489863
1999 Abnormal expression or mutation of TP53 and HPV in vulvar cancer. European journal of cancer (Oxford, England : 1990) 19 10448303
2022 Selective pericentromeric heterochromatin dismantling caused by TP53 activation during senescence. Nucleic acids research 17 35819196
2021 TP53 in Myelodysplastic Syndromes. Cancers 17 34771553
2018 Surgery for BRCA, TP53 and PALB2: a literature review. Ecancermedicalscience 17 30174725
2007 INGN 201: Ad-p53, Ad5CMV-p53, adenoviral p53, p53 gene therapy--introgen, RPR/INGN 201. Drugs in R&D 17 17472413
2013 TP53 aberrations in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Advances in experimental medicine and biology 16 24014294
2023 TP53/p53 Facilitates Stress-Induced Exosome and Protein Secretion by Adipocytes. Diabetes 15 37347719
2017 TP53 in adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Leukemia & lymphoma 15 28679301
2019 Relevance of TP53 for CLL diagnostics. Journal of clinical pathology 14 30712002
1995 [P53 and cancers]. Pathologie-biologie 14 7675543

Missed literature

Know a paper Affinage missed for TP53? Flag it for the maintainers and the community.

No submissions yet.