Affinage

UBC

Polyubiquitin-C · UniProt P0CG48

Length
685 aa
Mass
77.0 kDa
Annotated
2026-06-10
71 papers in source corpus 14 papers cited in narrative 14 extracted findings
Cross-family judge vs UniProt: Affinage preferred faithfulness: 6/6 claims corpus-supported (100%)

Mechanistic narrative

Synthesis pass · prose summary of the discoveries below

UBC is a stress-inducible polyubiquitin gene that serves as a major source of the cellular ubiquitin pool required for protein polyubiquitination and proteasomal degradation, particularly during cell proliferation and proteotoxic stress (PMID:17491588, PMID:26172870). Genetic disruption in mice causes mid-gestation embryonic lethality from defective fetal liver cell proliferation, and UbC-deficient fibroblasts display reduced growth, premature senescence, increased apoptosis, and an inability to raise ubiquitin levels during stress; these phenotypes are rescued by exogenous ubiquitin, establishing the gene's function as supply of the ubiquitin pool rather than a unique conjugating activity (PMID:17491588). UBC-derived ubiquitin maintains conjugate levels that cannot be compensated by other ubiquitin genes, selectively supporting proliferation of hepatocytes and bipotent fetal liver epithelial progenitors and the expansion (though not the intrinsic function) of fetal liver hematopoietic stem cells (PMID:22393459, PMID:23669039). Loss of UBC compromises polyubiquitination and clearance of misfolded proteins, leading to protein aggregate accumulation and cytotoxicity under oxidative stress, and stabilizes ubiquitin substrates including Nrf2 (PMID:25701757); UBC-derived ubiquitin also contributes to monoubiquitylation of histone H2A in a Huntington's disease model (PMID:19602042). Transcription of UBC is driven by HSF1 binding to heat shock elements in its promoter under proteasome inhibition and oxidative stress (PMID:30186748), and, selectively in skeletal muscle, by glucocorticoid-activated Sp1 binding to GC-rich promoter elements together with MEK1 signaling (PMID:11872750, PMID:16954342). The gene locus is structurally polymorphic, varying in the number of tandem ubiquitin coding units through unequal crossover (PMID:2564731).

Mechanistic history

Synthesis pass · year-by-year structured walk · 14 steps
  1. 1989 Medium

    Established the repetitive tandem architecture of the human UBC locus and that this structure drives copy-number variation, defining the gene as a polyubiquitin precursor rather than a single-copy coding unit.

    Evidence Southern blot, RFLP mapping, mRNA length and DNA sequence analysis of the human locus

    PMID:2564731

    Open questions at the time
    • Does not establish functional consequences of unit-number variation
    • No link to expression level or stress responsiveness
  2. 1992 Medium

    Mapped UBC to chromosome 12q24.3 and showed active ubiquitin genes are dispersed across chromosomes, distinguishing UBC as one of several independent ubiquitin loci.

    Evidence Somatic cell hybrid Southern blotting and in situ hybridization

    PMID:1315303

    Open questions at the time
    • Localization only; no functional or regulatory data
    • Relative contribution of each locus to ubiquitin pool not addressed
  3. 2002 High

    Identified a tissue-specific induction mechanism, showing glucocorticoids drive UBC transcription in skeletal muscle via Sp1 binding to GC-rich promoter elements and MEK1 signaling, linking UBC to catabolic muscle states.

    Evidence In vivo genomic footprinting, EMSA, promoter deletion/mutation, luciferase reporters, pharmacological inhibition and constitutively active MEK1 in muscle cells

    PMID:11872750

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether the same Sp1/MEK1 axis operates outside muscle untested in this study
    • Downstream proteins ubiquitinated as a consequence not identified
  4. 2006 High

    Demonstrated the Sp1-dependent glucocorticoid induction is unique to skeletal muscle in vivo, refining UBC regulation as tissue-restricted under insulin deficiency.

    Evidence UBC promoter-luciferase reporters in multiple cell lines, in vivo rat insulin-deficiency model, EMSA, genomic footprinting

    PMID:16954342

    Open questions at the time
    • Molecular basis for muscle-restricted Sp1 activity not resolved
    • Does not address stress-induced (HSF1) regulation
  5. 2007 High

    Established UBC as an essential source of the ubiquitin pool during proliferation and stress by showing knockout causes embryonic lethality and cellular defects rescuable by exogenous ubiquitin.

    Evidence Mouse gene knockout, MEF cell-cycle/apoptosis/senescence assays, ubiquitin measurements, stress sensitivity, ubiquitin minigene rescue

    PMID:17491588

    Open questions at the time
    • Specific substrates whose degradation fails are not identified
    • Why fetal liver proliferation is especially sensitive unexplained
  6. 2009 Medium

    Connected UBC-derived ubiquitin to chromatin regulation by showing genetic reduction of Ubc prevents the pathological rise in monoubiquitylated histone H2A in a Huntington's disease model.

    Evidence Ubc+/- x R6/2 mouse crosses with uH2A immunoblot

    PMID:19602042

    Open questions at the time
    • Does not identify the E3 ligase performing H2A monoubiquitylation
    • Causal contribution of uH2A to disease phenotype not established
  7. 2012 Medium

    Distinguished cell-autonomous from niche effects, showing Ubc loss reduces fetal liver HSC numbers by limiting liver cell proliferation without impairing intrinsic HSC reconstitution function.

    Evidence Ubc-/- fetal liver isolation, flow cytometry, competitive and non-competitive transplantation

    PMID:22393459

    Open questions at the time
    • Mechanism limiting proliferation in the liver environment unresolved
    • Adult hematopoiesis requirement not tested
  8. 2013 Medium

    Showed UBC is non-redundant for maintaining ubiquitin conjugate levels, with selective requirement in hepatocyte and bipotent progenitor proliferation that other ubiquitin genes cannot compensate.

    Evidence Ubc-/- fetal liver cell culture, proliferation/apoptosis assays, conjugate vs free ubiquitin immunoblot, RT-qPCR of other ubiquitin genes

    PMID:23669039

    Open questions at the time
    • Why conjugate but not free ubiquitin is preferentially affected unexplained
    • Cell-type basis of differential dependence unknown
  9. 2015 Medium

    Quantified UBC and UBB as the dominant basal ubiquitin contributors and established UBC as the main transcriptionally stress-responsive ubiquitin gene, including for thermotolerance.

    Evidence RT-qPCR of all four ubiquitin genes under proteasome inhibition, oxidative stress, heat shock and UV; promoter TSS mapping

    PMID:26172870

    Open questions at the time
    • Single-lab quantification
    • Did not identify the transcription factor driving stress induction
  10. 2015 Medium

    Linked UBC loss directly to failed clearance of misfolded proteins, showing reduced polyubiquitination, aggregate accumulation, cytotoxicity under arsenite, and stabilization of Nrf2 due to reduced degradation.

    Evidence Ubc-/- MEFs, arsenite treatment, viability assays, ubiquitin-conjugate and Nrf2 immunoblot, filter trap, autophagy assessment

    PMID:25701757

    Open questions at the time
    • Does not identify the E3 ligases involved
    • Why autophagic compensation is absent unexplained
  11. 2018 High

    Identified HSF1 as the pivotal transcription factor for stress-induced UBC, resolving the stress-response regulator left open by earlier quantitative studies and excluding Nrf2/HSF2.

    Evidence siRNA knockdown of HSF1/HSF2/Nrf2, ChIP for HSF1 binding to UBC HSEs, RT-qPCR, nuclear fractionation

    PMID:30186748

    Open questions at the time
    • Interplay between HSF1 and the muscle Sp1/MEK1 axis not addressed
    • Quantitative contribution of each TSS not resolved
  12. 2019 Low

    Demonstrated UBC can be transcriptionally activated above basal levels in the absence of stress, providing a tool to manipulate the ubiquitin pool.

    Evidence Inducible dCas9-VP64 CRISPR activation with MS2-p65-HSF1, RT-qPCR and ubiquitin immunoblot

    PMID:31261719

    Open questions at the time
    • Proof-of-concept tool with limited mechanistic depth on endogenous regulation
    • Physiological relevance of forced activation not tested
  13. 2025 Medium

    Implicated UBC in mitochondrial homeostasis during infection, showing UBC protein interacts with SIRT5 and promotes its ubiquitin-mediated degradation, thereby driving DRP1 succinylation, mitochondrial fission, and senescence.

    Evidence Mass spectrometry, Co-IP, UBC/SIRT5 overexpression and knockdown, mitochondrial assays, succinylation and DRP1 immunoblot in bovine mammary epithelial cells

    PMID:41678546

    Open questions at the time
    • UBC is the ubiquitin source rather than a defined E3; the responsible ligase not identified
    • Single cell system and pathogen context
  14. 2025 Low

    Extended UBC's role in mitochondrial protein turnover by showing it interacts with and promotes degradation of the cristae protein MIC25, an interaction disruptable to preserve mitochondrial structure.

    Evidence Proteomics, Co-IP, MIC25 overexpression/knockdown, mitochondrial function and mouse exercise assays with Epimedin C

    PMID:40435285

    Open questions at the time
    • Link to UBC ubiquitin-conjugating activity on MIC25 inferred, not shown by mutagenesis or reconstitution
    • Responsible E3 ligase unidentified

Open questions

Synthesis pass · forward-looking unresolved questions
  • The specific E3 ligase pathways and substrate repertoire that consume UBC-derived ubiquitin in each physiological context, and how the HSF1 stress axis and muscle Sp1/MEK1 axis are coordinated, remain unresolved.
  • No comprehensive substrate map tied to UBC-derived ubiquitin
  • Mechanistic integration of tissue-specific vs stress-specific transcriptional control not established

Mechanism profile

Synthesis pass · controlled-vocabulary classification · explore literature graph →
Molecular activity
GO:0031386 protein tag activity 3
Pathway
R-HSA-392499 Metabolism of proteins 3 R-HSA-74160 Gene expression (Transcription) 3 R-HSA-8953897 Cellular responses to stimuli 3
Partners
HSF1SIRT5SP1

Evidence

Reading pass · 14 per-paper findings extracted from the source corpus
Year Finding Method Journal Conf PMIDs
2007 Targeted disruption of the mouse polyubiquitin gene UbC causes mid-gestation embryonic lethality (E12.5–14.5) due to severe defects in fetal liver cell proliferation. UbC-/- mouse embryonic fibroblasts show reduced growth rates, premature senescence, increased apoptosis, delayed cell-cycle progression, and slightly decreased steady-state ubiquitin levels. UbC-/- fibroblasts are hypersensitive to proteasome inhibitors and heat shock and cannot adequately increase ubiquitin levels in response to cellular stress. Most phenotypes can be rescued by supplying additional ubiquitin from a polyHA-tagged ubiquitin minigene, establishing UbC as an essential source of ubiquitin during cell proliferation and stress. Targeted gene disruption (knockout mice), MEF cultures, cell-cycle analysis, apoptosis assays, ubiquitin level measurements, stress sensitivity assays, rescue with ubiquitin minigene The EMBO journal High 17491588
2002 Glucocorticoids increase UBC (polyubiquitin) transcription in skeletal muscle cells through a mechanism involving Sp1 binding to GC-rich elements ~50 bp upstream of the UBC transcription start site and MEK1 signaling. Dexamethasone alters the methylation pattern at Sp1 sites, increases Sp1 binding, and UBC induction is blocked by mithramycin (Sp1 inhibitor) or UO126 (MEK1 inhibitor). Constitutively active MEK1 increases UBC promoter activity. In vivo genomic DNA footprinting, electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA), promoter deletion/mutation analysis, luciferase reporter assays, pharmacological inhibition (mithramycin, UO126), constitutively active MEK1 transfection The Journal of biological chemistry High 11872750
2006 Glucocorticoid-induced UBC transcription via Sp1 is unique to skeletal muscle and does not occur in hepatocytes, kidney cells, colon cells, or cardiomyocytes. In vivo, insulin deficiency (high glucocorticoids) elevates UBC mRNA selectively in skeletal muscle but not in liver, kidney, intestine, or heart. Insulin deficiency increases Sp1 binding to GC-rich elements in the UBC promoter in vivo. Transfection of UBC promoter-luciferase reporter in multiple cell lines, in vivo rat model of insulin deficiency, EMSA, in vivo genomic footprinting American journal of physiology. Renal physiology High 16954342
2015 UBC and UBB are the major polyubiquitin contributors to the intracellular ubiquitin content under basal conditions. Both UBC and UBB are upregulated upon proteasome inhibition and oxidative stress, with UBC showing markedly higher transcriptional responses. UBC acts as the main contributor to thermotolerance under heat stress. UV irradiation does not induce UBC transcription but stabilizes ubiquitin mRNAs post-transcriptionally. The UBC core promoter contains multiple transcription start sites that respond differentially to stress. RT-qPCR of all four ubiquitin genes (UBB, UBC, UBA52, RPS27A) under multiple stress conditions (proteasome inhibition, oxidative stress, heat shock, UV) in multiple cell lines; promoter TSS mapping Gene Medium 26172870
2018 HSF1 is the pivotal transcription factor mediating stress-induced UBC gene transcription. Under both proteasome inhibition (MG132) and arsenite (oxidative stress), HSF1 accumulates in the nucleus and binds to heat shock elements (HSEs) in the UBC promoter (confirmed by ChIP). siRNA-mediated knockdown of HSF1, but not HSF2 or Nrf2, significantly impairs stress-induced UBC expression. Nrf2 does not bind the UBC promoter and is not required for UBC induction. siRNA knockdown of HSF1, HSF2, and Nrf2; chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay; RT-qPCR; nuclear fractionation/immunoblot FEBS open bio High 30186748
1989 The human UBC polyubiquitin gene locus shows variation in the number of ubiquitin coding units (7, 8, or 9 units per allele), arising from unequal crossover events promoted by the highly repetitive structure of the polyubiquitin gene. This structural variation correlates with mRNA length polymorphism and an HaeIII RFLP. Southern blot analysis, RFLP mapping, mRNA length polymorphism analysis, DNA sequence analysis American journal of human genetics Medium 2564731
1992 The human UBC polyubiquitin gene was localized to chromosome 12q24.3 using somatic cell hybrid panels and in situ hybridization, demonstrating that active ubiquitin genes are not clustered and reside on separate chromosomes. Somatic cell hybrid Southern blotting, in situ hybridization with 5'-flanking region probe Genomics Medium 1315303
2015 Ubc-/- mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) exhibit reduced viability under arsenite (As[III]) exposure. Despite activation of the Nrf2-Keap1 cytoprotective pathway, reduced Ubc expression leads to decreased polyubiquitination of misfolded proteins, their accumulation as large protein aggregates, and cytotoxicity. Nrf2 target gene expression was basally elevated in Ubc-/- MEFs due to reduced polyubiquitination and delayed degradation of Nrf2 itself. Increased autophagy to clear aggregates was not observed in Ubc-/- MEFs. Ubc-/- MEF cultures, arsenite treatment, cell viability assays, immunoblot for ubiquitin conjugates and Nrf2, filter trap assay for protein aggregates, autophagy pathway assessment Biochimica et biophysica acta Medium 25701757
2009 In R6/2 Huntington's disease mice, levels of monoubiquitylated histone H2A (uH2A, a gene-repressive mark) are significantly increased in the brain. Heterozygous disruption of the polyubiquitin Ubc gene in R6/2 mice (R6/2; Ubc+/-) largely prevents this increase in uH2A levels, demonstrating that Ubc-derived ubiquitin contributes to H2A monoubiquitylation in the context of mutant huntingtin expression. Ubc+/- x R6/2 mouse crosses, immunoblot for monoubiquitylated H2A, behavioral assays Journal of cellular and molecular medicine Medium 19602042
2012 Disruption of Ubc reduces the absolute number of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) in embryonic livers by impairing total liver cell proliferation, but does not impair the intrinsic autonomous function of fetal liver HSCs. Competitive and non-competitive transplantation of Ubc-/- fetal liver cells into irradiated recipients showed no significant defect in HSC reconstitution capacity. Ubc-/- mouse model, fetal liver cell isolation, flow cytometry for HSC frequency, competitive and non-competitive bone marrow transplantation PloS one Medium 22393459
2013 Disruption of Ubc selectively impairs proliferation of hepatocytes and bipotent fetal liver epithelial progenitor cells (FLEPCs) in vitro, without increasing apoptosis. Ubc expression is highest in bipotent FLEPCs. Disruption of Ubc decreases ubiquitin conjugate levels (but not free ubiquitin) in fetal liver cells, and this cannot be compensated by upregulation of other poly- or mono-ubiquitin genes. Ubc-/- fetal liver cell isolation and culture, proliferation assays, apoptosis assays, immunoblot for ubiquitin conjugates and free ubiquitin, RT-qPCR of other ubiquitin genes Biochemical and biophysical research communications Medium 23669039
2019 UBC expression can be upregulated under normal (non-stress) conditions using an inducible dCas9-VP64 CRISPR activation system with sgRNA containing MS2 aptamer loops and MS2-p65-HSF1. This system reversibly increases the ubiquitin pool, demonstrating that UBC can be transcriptionally activated beyond its basal level even in the absence of cellular stress. Inducible CRISPR/dCas9-VP64 transcriptional activation system, RT-qPCR for UBC expression, immunoblot for ubiquitin levels International journal of molecular sciences Low 31261719
2025 During Staphylococcus aureus infection of bovine mammary epithelial cells, UBC (ubiquitin C) protein expression is upregulated and physically interacts with SIRT5, promoting ubiquitin-mediated degradation of SIRT5. Loss of SIRT5 increases succinylation of DRP1, inhibits its ubiquitin-mediated degradation, and drives excessive mitochondrial fission, thereby aggravating oxidative stress and cellular senescence. Mass spectrometry, co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP), overexpression and knockdown of UBC and SIRT5, mitochondrial membrane potential assays, immunoblot for succinylation and DRP1 PLoS pathogens Medium 41678546
2025 Epimedin C disrupts the interaction between MIC25 (mitochondrial cristae protein) and UBC (ubiquitin C), preventing UBC-mediated ubiquitin-dependent degradation of MIC25. This stabilization of MIC25 preserves mitochondrial cristae structure and the MICOS complex, improving ATP production and delaying muscle fatigue. Proteomic analysis, co-immunoprecipitation, MIC25 overexpression and knockdown, mitochondrial functional assays (membrane potential, ATP measurement), exercise performance in mice PloS one Low 40435285

Source papers

Stage 0 corpus · 71 papers · ranked by NIH iCite citations
Year Title Journal Citations PMID
2007 The mouse polyubiquitin gene UbC is essential for fetal liver development, cell-cycle progression and stress tolerance. The EMBO journal 132 17491588
2015 The UBC-40 Urothelial Bladder Cancer cell line index: a genomic resource for functional studies. BMC genomics 101 25997541
1998 The products of the yeast MMS2 and two human homologs (hMMS2 and CROC-1) define a structurally and functionally conserved Ubc-like protein family. Nucleic acids research 90 9705497
2002 Ubiquitin (UbC) expression in muscle cells is increased by glucocorticoids through a mechanism involving Sp1 and MEK1. The Journal of biological chemistry 70 11872750
2006 The T-box factor TBX-2 and the SUMO conjugating enzyme UBC-9 are required for ABa-derived pharyngeal muscle in C. elegans. Developmental biology 54 16701625
2003 lin-35/Rb and ubc-18, an E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme, function redundantly to control pharyngeal morphogenesis in C. elegans. Development (Cambridge, England) 53 12783801
1996 Association of human fas (CD95) with a ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme (UBC-FAP). The Journal of biological chemistry 53 8940097
2000 Comparison of the monoclonal UBC-ELISA test and the NMP22 ELISA test for the detection of urothelial cell carcinoma of the bladder. Urology 48 10688083
2015 Dynamic transcription of ubiquitin genes under basal and stressful conditions and new insights into the multiple UBC transcript variants. Gene 47 26172870
2000 Comparison of two qualitative assays, the UBC rapid test and the BTA stat test, in the diagnosis of urothelial cell carcinoma of the bladder. Urology 47 10925083
2017 Urinary UBC Rapid and NMP22 Test for Bladder Cancer Surveillance in Comparison to Urinary Cytology: Results from a Prospective Single-Center Study. International journal of medical sciences 42 28824318
2016 UbC-StarTrack, a clonal method to target the entire progeny of individual progenitors. Scientific reports 42 27654510
2008 Urinary cytology and quantitative BTA and UBC tests in surveillance of patients with pTapT1 bladder urothelial carcinoma. Urology 41 18387400
2002 Qualitative and quantitative detection of urinary human complement factor H-related protein (BTA stat and BTA TRAK) and fragments of cytokeratins 8, 18 (UBC rapid and UBC IRMA) as markers for transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder. European urology 41 11999463
1993 The ubc-2 gene of Caenorhabditis elegans encodes a ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme involved in selective protein degradation. Molecular and cellular biology 41 8441382
2004 The coordinate regulation of pharyngeal development in C. elegans by lin-35/Rb, pha-1, and ubc-18. Developmental biology 40 15196946
2012 Diagnostic values of urine CYFRA21-1, NMP22, UBC, and FDP for the detection of bladder cancer. Clinica chimica acta; international journal of clinical chemistry 39 22944145
1989 Unequal crossover generates variation in ubiquitin coding unit number at the human UbC polyubiquitin locus. American journal of human genetics 34 2564731
2007 Comparative diagnostic value of urine cytology, UBC-ELISA, and fluorescence in situ hybridization for detection of transitional cell carcinoma of urinary bladder in routine clinical practice. Urology 32 17688921
1997 Isolation of a cDNA coding for an ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme UBC1 of tomato--the first stress-induced UBC of higher plants. FEBS letters 32 9202147
2018 Induction of ubiquitin C (UBC) gene transcription is mediated by HSF1: role of proteotoxic and oxidative stress. FEBS open bio 30 30186748
2018 Review of the UBC Porcine Model of Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury. Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society 28 30196652
2015 Disruption of polyubiquitin gene Ubc leads to attenuated resistance against arsenite-induced toxicity in mouse embryonic fibroblasts. Biochimica et biophysica acta 28 25701757
1996 Heterogeneous structure of the polyubiquitin gene UbC of HeLa S3 cells. Gene 28 8917096
2017 UBC® Rapid Test for detection of carcinoma in situ for bladder cancer. Tumour biology : the journal of the International Society for Oncodevelopmental Biology and Medicine 27 28468590
2014 Differential organ phenotypes after postnatal Igf1r gene conditional deletion induced by tamoxifen in UBC-CreERT2; Igf1r fl/fl double transgenic mice. Transgenic research 27 25238791
2006 ARI-1, an RBR family ubiquitin-ligase, functions with UBC-18 to regulate pharyngeal development in C. elegans. Developmental biology 27 16457801
2018 Evaluation of a New Survivin ELISA and UBC® Rapid for the Detection of Bladder Cancer in Urine. International journal of molecular sciences 26 29324722
2023 BTA stat®, NMP22® BladderChek®, UBC® Rapid Test, and CancerCheck® UBC® rapid VISUAL as urinary marker for bladder cancer: Final results of a German multicenter study. Urologic oncology 25 37407421
2005 Zoledronate induces apoptosis in cells from fibro-cellular membrane of unicameral bone cyst (UBC). Journal of orthopaedic research : official publication of the Orthopaedic Research Society 25 15921873
2018 UBC® Rapid Test-A Urinary Point-of-Care (POC) Assay for Diagnosis of Bladder Cancer with a focus on Non-Muscle Invasive High-Grade Tumors: Results of a Multicenter-Study. International journal of molecular sciences 23 30513851
1994 Establishment of a partially informative porcine somatic cell hybrid panel and assignment of the loci for transition protein 2 (TNP2) and protamine 1 (PRM1) to chromosome 3 and polyubiquitin (UBC) to chromosome 14. Genomics 23 7959732
2009 A mechanistic basis for the coordinated regulation of pharyngeal morphogenesis in Caenorhabditis elegans by LIN-35/Rb and UBC-18-ARI-1. PLoS genetics 22 19521497
1975 Purification, properties and induction of a specific benzoate-4-hydroxylase from Aspergillus niger (UBC 814). Biochimica et biophysica acta 22 236777
2006 Tissue-specific regulation of ubiquitin (UbC) transcription by glucocorticoids: in vivo and in vitro analyses. American journal of physiology. Renal physiology 19 16954342
2003 The maintenance of neuromuscular function requires UBC-25 in Caenorhabditis elegans. Biochemical and biophysical research communications 19 12763049
1995 A human ubiquitin conjugating enzyme, L-UBC, maps in the Alzheimer's disease locus on chromosome 14q24.3. Mammalian genome : official journal of the International Mammalian Genome Society 19 8563171
2009 The polyubiquitin Ubc gene modulates histone H2A monoubiquitylation in the R6/2 mouse model of Huntington's disease. Journal of cellular and molecular medicine 16 19602042
2008 IIICS de novo glycosylated fibronectin as a marker for invasiveness in urothelial carcinoma of the urinary bladder (UBC). Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology 16 18386055
2020 Mapping the Chromosomal Insertion Site of the GFP Transgene of UBC-GFP Mice to the MHC Locus. Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) 15 32122998
2001 Molecular cloning and functional characterization of two murine cDNAs which encode Ubc variants involved in DNA repair and mutagenesis. Biochimica et biophysica acta 15 11406273
1997 Biochemical characterization of Caenorhabditis elegans UBC-1: self-association and auto-ubiquitination of a RAD6-like ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme in vitro. The Biochemical journal 14 9359401
1992 Localization of the human UBC polyubiquitin gene to chromosome band 12q24.3. Genomics 14 1315303
2012 Perturbation of the hematopoietic system during embryonic liver development due to disruption of polyubiquitin gene Ubc in mice. PloS one 13 22393459
2018 A novel requirement for ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme UBC-13 in retrograde recycling of MIG-14/Wntless and Wnt signaling. Molecular biology of the cell 12 29927348
2015 The UBC Domain Is Required for BRUCE to Promote BRIT1/MCPH1 Function in DSB Signaling and Repair Post Formation of BRUCE-USP8-BRIT1 Complex. PloS one 12 26683461
2013 Disruption of polyubiquitin gene Ubc leads to defective proliferation of hepatocytes and bipotent fetal liver epithelial progenitor cells. Biochemical and biophysical research communications 11 23669039
1995 Caenorhabditis elegans UBC-1, a ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme homologous to yeast RAD6/UBC2, contains a novel carboxy-terminal extension that is conserved in nematodes. DNA and cell biology 11 7546294
2020 Cell Progeny in the Olfactory Bulb After Targeting Specific Progenitors with Different UbC-StarTrack Approaches. Genes 9 32183100
2004 Caenorhabditis elegans UBC-2 functions with the anaphase-promoting complex but also has other activities. Journal of cell science 9 15466891
2021 UBC Mediated by SEPT6 Inhibited the Progression of Prostate Cancer. Mediators of inflammation 8 34966246
2021 OsUEV1B, an Ubc enzyme variant protein, is required for phosphate homeostasis in rice. The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology 7 33570751
2022 UBC-Nepal Expedition: Motor Unit Characteristics in Lowlanders Acclimatized to High Altitude and Sherpa. Medicine and science in sports and exercise 6 36730980
2008 Biological significance of structural differences between two highly conserved Ubc variants. Biochemical and biophysical research communications 6 19056346
2022 Cell Fate of Retinal Progenitor Cells: In Ovo UbC-StarTrack Analysis. International journal of molecular sciences 4 36293245
2019 Reversible Regulation of Polyubiquitin Gene UBC via Modified Inducible CRISPR/Cas9 System. International journal of molecular sciences 4 31261719
2022 UBC®Rapid Is Sensitive in Detecting High-Grade Bladder Urothelial Carcinoma and Carcinoma in situ in Asian Population. Urologia internationalis 3 36273445
2020 UBC-9 Acts in GABA Neurons to Control Neuromuscular Signaling in C. elegans. Neuroscience insights 3 33089216
2016 Cloning and characterization of the UBC gene from lotus (Nelumbo nucifera). Genetics and molecular research : GMR 3 27525889
2024 UBC Gene Family Analysis in Salvia castanea and Roles of ScUBC2/5 Genes under Abiotic Stress. Plants (Basel, Switzerland) 2 38794424
2023 Elimination of 4T1 Mammary Tumor Cells by BALB/cBy UBC-GFP Transgenics following Stable Inheritance of the H-2b MHC Allele. ImmunoHorizons 2 36637515
2016 BLCA-4 and UBC combined detection for early diagnosis of bladder cancer. Journal of biological regulators and homeostatic agents 2 27358136
2000 Evaluation of the UBC test in the urine of healthy individuals, patients with benign disorders and urinary bladder cancer. Oncology reports 2 11032928
2026 The UBC/SIRT5/DRP1 axis regulates mitochondrial dynamics to alleviate Staphylococcus aureus-induced oxidative stress and senescence in bovine mammary epithelial cells. PLoS pathogens 0 41678546
2026 Identification of potential allosteric inhibitors-modulators for the heterodimer CDC34-UBC protein-protein complex. 3 Biotech 0 41971389
2026 BIRC6 prevents GSDME-mediated pyroptosis and promotes cisplatin resistance via a non-canonical UBC domain-dependent steric hindrance. Cell communication and signaling : CCS 0 42163353
2026 Characterization and expression analysis of UBC gene family provide insights into the potential roles in pigment biosynthesis in pepper fruit. BMC genomics 0 42265581
2025 Epimedin C enhances mitochondrial energy supply by regulating the interaction between MIC25 and UBC in rodent model. PloS one 0 40435285
2025 Integrative Spatial Transcriptomics and Experimental Validation Reveal UBC-Mediated EMT Associated with Immune Evasion in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. ImmunoTargets and therapy 0 41446812
2004 [Expression profiling of UBF, a novel member of UBC family]. Zhongguo ying yong sheng li xue za zhi = Zhongguo yingyong shenglixue zazhi = Chinese journal of applied physiology 0 21162312
1997 [Experimental and calculated spectra of the amplicons UBC-85 and UBC-126 (RAPD-PCR)]. TSitologiia i genetika 0 9483762

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