Affinage

UBC

Polyubiquitin-C · UniProt P0CG48

Round 2 corrected
Length
685 aa
Mass
77.0 kDa
Annotated
2026-04-28
101 papers in source corpus 20 papers cited in narrative 18 extracted findings

Mechanistic narrative

Synthesis pass · prose summary of the discoveries below

UBC encodes a polyubiquitin precursor that is the major stress-inducible source of free ubiquitin in mammalian cells, essential for maintaining the ubiquitin conjugate pool required for proteasomal degradation, cell proliferation, and chromatin regulation. Stress-induced UBC transcription is driven primarily by HSF1 binding to distal heat shock elements in the UBC promoter (PMID:30186748), while glucocorticoid-mediated induction in skeletal muscle operates through Sp1 and MEK1 signaling at proximal GC-rich elements (PMID:11872750, PMID:16954342); UV irradiation instead stabilizes UBC mRNA post-transcriptionally (PMID:26172870). Genetic disruption of Ubc in mice causes mid-gestational lethality due to impaired hepatocyte and fetal liver progenitor proliferation, with Ubc−/− cells showing reduced ubiquitin conjugates, accumulation of misfolded protein aggregates, and hypersensitivity to proteotoxic stress—phenotypes rescued by a ubiquitin minigene (PMID:17491588, PMID:25701757). The ubiquitin monomer produced from UBC is also a direct substrate of PINK1 phosphorylation at Ser65, which allosterically activates Parkin E3 ligase to initiate mitophagy (PMID:24784582).

Mechanistic history

Synthesis pass · year-by-year structured walk · 10 steps
  1. 1987 High

    Determining the three-dimensional structure of ubiquitin established the molecular framework for understanding how this small protein participates in diverse recognition events.

    Evidence X-ray crystallography of human ubiquitin at 1.8 Å resolution

    PMID:3041007

    Open questions at the time
    • Structure does not reveal how ubiquitin is processed from the polyubiquitin precursor
    • No post-translational modification sites were characterized
  2. 1989 Medium

    Characterization of UBC allelic variation revealed that unequal crossover generates 7-, 8-, or 9-repeat alleles, explaining polymorphism in ubiquitin gene dosage.

    Evidence Southern blotting with HaeIII RFLP and PCR of coding region

    PMID:2564731

    Open questions at the time
    • Functional consequences of repeat-number variation on ubiquitin protein levels were not tested
    • Population frequencies of alleles not determined beyond small sample
  3. 2002 High

    Identification of Sp1 and MEK1 as mediators of glucocorticoid-induced UBC transcription in skeletal muscle provided the first defined signal transduction pathway controlling polyubiquitin gene expression during catabolic states.

    Evidence In vivo genomic footprinting, EMSA, reporter mutagenesis, and constitutively active MEK1 transfection in L6 muscle cells; tissue specificity confirmed across multiple cell lines and in vivo insulin-deficiency model

    PMID:11872750 PMID:16954342

    Open questions at the time
    • The glucocorticoid receptor's role in engaging Sp1/MEK1 at the UBC promoter was not resolved
    • Whether this pathway operates in human muscle in vivo was not tested
  4. 2007 High

    Genetic knockout of Ubc demonstrated that the polyubiquitin-C gene is an essential, non-redundant ubiquitin source required for embryonic viability, cell proliferation, and maintenance of the ubiquitin conjugate pool under stress.

    Evidence Targeted Ubc disruption in mice; MEF phenotyping including cell cycle, apoptosis, ubiquitin immunoblotting, proteasome inhibitor sensitivity, and minigene rescue

    PMID:17491588

    Open questions at the time
    • Why UBB cannot compensate for UBC loss is mechanistically unexplained
    • Contribution of UBC versus ribosomal ubiquitin fusion genes in adult tissues remains undefined
  5. 2009 Medium

    Crossing Ubc+/− mice with Huntington's disease model mice showed that reducing UBC-derived ubiquitin supply prevents aberrant accumulation of monoubiquitylated histone H2A, linking ubiquitin pool size to epigenetic regulation.

    Evidence Immunoblot of uH2A in R6/2 × Ubc+/− crosses

    PMID:19602042

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether uH2A reduction improves transcriptional derepression in HD neurons was not shown
    • Direct versus indirect effects on uH2A levels not distinguished
  6. 2013 Medium

    Detailed analysis of Ubc−/− fetal livers revealed that hepatocytes and bipotent progenitors—the highest UBC-expressing cells—suffer the greatest proliferative defects and ubiquitin conjugate depletion, establishing cell-type-specific dependence on UBC.

    Evidence Isolation and culture of E13.5 fetal liver subpopulations; ubiquitin conjugate and free ubiquitin immunoblotting; qRT-PCR of all ubiquitin genes

    PMID:22393459 PMID:23669039

    Open questions at the time
    • The specific ubiquitin-conjugated substrates whose depletion impairs proliferation are unknown
    • Whether adult hepatocytes retain this UBC dependence is untested
  7. 2014 High

    Discovery that PINK1 phosphorylates ubiquitin at Ser65 to allosterically activate Parkin revealed that the ubiquitin monomer itself—the product of UBC and other ubiquitin genes—functions as a signaling molecule in mitophagy.

    Evidence In vitro kinase assay, mass spectrometry of phospho-Ser65 ubiquitin, UBCH7~Ub discharge assay, phosphomimetic cell-based Parkin activation

    PMID:24751536 PMID:24784582

    Open questions at the time
    • Relative contribution of UBC-derived versus other-gene-derived ubiquitin to mitophagy-associated phospho-ubiquitin pools is unknown
    • Structural basis of phospho-ubiquitin–Parkin interaction was not resolved in these studies
  8. 2015 High

    Identification of HSF1 as the pivotal transcription factor for stress-induced UBC expression, and demonstration that UV acts post-transcriptionally, clarified the dual regulatory logic governing ubiquitin homeostasis under different stressors.

    Evidence siRNA knockdown of HSF1/HSF2/Nrf2 combined with ChIP at UBC promoter HSEs; mRNA stability assays under UV, oxidative stress, proteasome inhibition

    PMID:26172870 PMID:30186748

    Open questions at the time
    • RNA-binding proteins responsible for UV-mediated UBC mRNA stabilization are unidentified
    • Whether HSF1-driven UBC induction is sufficient to restore ubiquitin homeostasis during severe proteotoxic stress is not established
  9. 2015 Medium

    Ubc−/− MEFs exposed to arsenite accumulate misfolded protein aggregates because reduced ubiquitin levels impair polyubiquitination and proteasomal clearance, directly demonstrating UBC's role in protein quality control beyond cell cycle regulation.

    Evidence Arsenite exposure of Ubc−/− MEFs; filter trap assay for aggregates; ubiquitin conjugate immunoblotting; autophagy flux analysis

    PMID:25701757

    Open questions at the time
    • Identity of the aggregating proteotoxic substrates was not determined
    • Whether autophagy upregulation could rescue aggregate clearance if pharmacologically induced was not tested
  10. 2025 Medium

    Identification of UBC-mediated ubiquitin-dependent degradation of SIRT5 during S. aureus infection and of MIC25 in muscle extends UBC's functional reach to mitochondrial quality control and innate immune responses, though each axis is from a single study.

    Evidence Co-IP/MS of UBC–SIRT5 interaction in bovine mammary cells with rescue; Co-IP of MIC25–UBC with OE/KD and mitochondrial function assays in mice

    PMID:40435285 PMID:41678546

    Open questions at the time
    • Neither SIRT5 nor MIC25 degradation has been independently replicated
    • Whether these substrates are ubiquitinated by UBC-derived free ubiquitin or a UBC-associated E3 complex is not resolved
    • Specificity for UBC versus other ubiquitin genes was not addressed

Open questions

Synthesis pass · forward-looking unresolved questions
  • It remains unknown why UBB and ribosomal ubiquitin fusion genes cannot compensate for UBC loss, what RNA-binding proteins mediate UV-induced UBC mRNA stabilization, and how the relative contributions of individual ubiquitin genes to the free ubiquitin pool are partitioned in adult tissues.
  • No systematic quantification of gene-specific contributions to the ubiquitin pool in adult human tissues
  • No structural basis for UBC promoter selectivity by HSF1 versus other ubiquitin gene promoters
  • Mechanistic basis of UBC non-redundancy is unknown

Mechanism profile

Synthesis pass · controlled-vocabulary classification · explore literature graph →
Molecular activity
GO:0031386 protein tag activity 4
Localization
GO:0005739 mitochondrion 3 GO:0005634 nucleus 2 GO:0005829 cytosol 2
Pathway
R-HSA-392499 Metabolism of proteins 4 R-HSA-8953897 Cellular responses to stimuli 3 R-HSA-1640170 Cell Cycle 2 R-HSA-8953854 Metabolism of RNA 2 R-HSA-4839726 Chromatin organization 1 R-HSA-9612973 Autophagy 1
Partners
HSF1MIC25PINK1PRKNSEPT6SIRT5SP1

Evidence

Reading pass · 18 per-paper findings extracted from the source corpus
Year Finding Method Journal Conf PMIDs
1987 The crystal structure of human ubiquitin (the protein product encoded by UBC and related polyubiquitin genes) was solved at 1.8 Å resolution, revealing an extremely compact, tightly hydrogen-bonded fold comprising a mixed five-strand β-sheet, one α-helix, one 3₁₀-helix, and seven reverse turns, with a prominent hydrophobic core. X-ray crystallography at 1.8 Å resolution Journal of molecular biology High 3041007
1989 The human UBC polyubiquitin gene exists in alleles containing 7, 8, or 9 tandem ubiquitin coding units; variation in unit number arises from unequal crossover events promoted by the highly repetitive gene structure. Southern blotting with HaeIII RFLP analysis; PCR-based amplification of coding region American journal of human genetics Medium 2564731
1992 The human UBC polyubiquitin gene was mapped to chromosome 12q24.3 using somatic cell hybrid Southern blotting and in situ hybridization with a unique 5'-flanking sequence probe, demonstrating that active ubiquitin genes are on separate chromosomes. Somatic cell hybrid panel Southern blotting; in situ hybridization Genomics Medium 1315303
1996 The UBC polyubiquitin gene of HeLa S3 cells was sequenced and found to contain recognition sequences for HSF, NF-κB, AP-1(c-jun), NF-IL6, and Sp1 in its upstream control region, consistent with stress-responsive transcriptional regulation distinct from the UbB gene. Genomic DNA sequencing; PCR amplification of coding region; sequence analysis of upstream regulatory elements Gene Medium 8917096
2002 Glucocorticoids (dexamethasone) increase UBC gene transcription in L6 skeletal muscle cells through a mechanism requiring Sp1 binding to GC-rich elements ~50 bp upstream of the UBC transcription start site and MEK1 signaling; mithramycin (Sp1 inhibitor) and UO126 (MEK1 inhibitor) both block this induction, and constitutively active MEK1 increases UBC promoter activity. In vivo genomic DNA footprinting; EMSA; reporter gene deletion/mutation analysis; pharmacological inhibition; transfection of constitutively active MEK1 The Journal of biological chemistry High 11872750
2006 The glucocorticoid-induced transcriptional activation of UBC via Sp1/MEK1 is muscle-specific: dexamethasone stimulated UBC reporter activity in L6 skeletal muscle cells but not in hepatocytes (HepG2), kidney (NRK), colon (CaCo-2), or cardiomyocytes (H9c2). In vivo, insulin deficiency elevated UBC mRNA only in skeletal muscle, and EMSA/genomic footprinting showed increased Sp1 binding to UBC GC-rich promoter elements specifically in muscle. Reporter gene transfection in multiple cell lines; in vivo rat model of insulin deficiency; EMSA; in vivo genomic footprinting American journal of physiology. Renal physiology High 16954342
2007 Disruption of the mouse polyubiquitin gene UbC causes embryonic lethality between E12.5 and E14.5 due to severe defects in fetal liver cell proliferation. UbC−/− MEFs show reduced growth, premature senescence, increased apoptosis, delayed cell-cycle progression, and slightly decreased steady-state ubiquitin levels. UbC−/− fibroblasts are hypersensitive to proteasome inhibitors and heat shock and cannot increase ubiquitin levels under stress. Most phenotypes are rescued by a Ub minigene, establishing UbC as an essential ubiquitin source during proliferation and stress. Targeted gene disruption (knockout mouse); MEF culture; flow cytometry (cell cycle, apoptosis); immunoblotting; minigene rescue; heat shock and proteasome inhibitor challenge The EMBO journal High 17491588
2009 In R6/2 Huntington's disease model mice, monoubiquitylated histone H2A (uH2A) levels are significantly elevated in the brain; crossing with heterozygous Ubc knockout mice (Ubc+/−) largely prevents this increase in uH2A, indicating that UBC-derived ubiquitin supply directly modulates the level of this gene-repressive histone modification. Immunoblot analysis of uH2A in R6/2 × Ubc+/− cross; behavioral testing; quantitative RT-PCR Journal of cellular and molecular medicine Medium 19602042
2012 Disruption of Ubc reduces the proliferative capacity of fetal liver hematopoietic cells and decreases the absolute number of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) in embryonic livers, but competitive and non-competitive transplantation assays show that intrinsic HSC function is not impaired; thus UbC−/− lethality is not due to autonomous HSC failure but to reduced overall liver cell number. Flow cytometry of fetal liver hematopoietic populations; competitive and non-competitive bone marrow transplantation into lethally irradiated recipients; cell proliferation assays PloS one Medium 22393459
2013 In Ubc−/− embryos, proliferation is most severely impaired in hepatocytes and bipotent fetal liver epithelial progenitor cells (FLEPCs), which show the highest UBC expression; ubiquitin conjugate levels (but not free ubiquitin) are specifically reduced and cannot be compensated by upregulation of other ubiquitin genes, indicating that UBC uniquely maintains the ubiquitin conjugate pool necessary for hepatocyte and FLEPC proliferation. Isolation and in vitro culture of fetal liver cells from E13.5 embryos; immunoblotting for ubiquitin conjugates and free ubiquitin; qRT-PCR of ubiquitin genes; cell counting and viability assays Biochemical and biophysical research communications Medium 23669039
2014 PINK1 phosphorylates ubiquitin (the protein product of UBC and related genes) at Ser65 both in vitro and in cells in a mitochondrial membrane potential-dependent manner; phospho-ubiquitin (Ser65) activates Parkin E3 ligase activity allosterically by accelerating discharge of the UBCH7~ubiquitin thioester and unlocking Parkin autoinhibition. In vitro kinase assay with recombinant TcPINK1 and ubiquitin; mass spectrometry detection of phospho-Ser65 peptide from endogenous ubiquitin; phosphomimetic ubiquitin S65D cell-based activation of Parkin; in vitro UBCH7~Ub discharge assay; mutagenesis Nature High 22724072 24751536 24784582
2015 Ubc−/− MEFs exposed to arsenite show reduced viability because decreased ubiquitin levels prevent efficient polyubiquitination and proteasomal degradation of arsenite-induced misfolded proteins, leading to their accumulation as large protein aggregates; the Nrf2-Keap1 cytoprotective pathway is activated but insufficient to compensate, and autophagic clearance of aggregates is not upregulated in Ubc−/− cells. Ubc−/− MEF arsenite exposure; cell viability assays; immunoblotting for ubiquitin conjugates, Nrf2, and aggregate markers; filter trap assay; autophagy flux analysis Biochimica et biophysica acta Medium 25701757
2015 The UBC core promoter contains multiple transcription start sites; both UBC and UBB polyubiquitin genes are upregulated by proteasome inhibition and oxidative stress, with UBC showing markedly higher transcriptional responses than UBB; UV irradiation stabilizes ubiquitin mRNAs post-transcriptionally rather than inducing transcription; UBA52 and RPS27A mRNA levels are unchanged under these stressors. Quantitative RT-PCR; promoter-reporter assays; 5'-RACE mapping of transcription start sites; mRNA stability assays under various stressors (proteasome inhibition, oxidative stress, heat shock, UV) Gene Medium 26172870
2018 HSF1, but not HSF2 or Nrf2, is the pivotal transcription factor mediating stress-induced UBC gene transcription. Upon arsenite or proteasome inhibitor treatment, HSF1 accumulates in the nucleus and binds to distal heat shock elements (HSEs) in the UBC promoter; siRNA knockdown of HSF1 (but not HSF2 or Nrf2) significantly compromises stress-induced UBC expression; ChIP assay confirms HSF1 binding to UBC promoter HSEs. siRNA knockdown of HSF1, HSF2, Nrf2; qRT-PCR; nuclear fractionation/immunoblot; chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) of HSF1 at UBC promoter FEBS open bio High 30186748
2019 UBC expression can be upregulated under normal (non-stress) conditions using an inducible dCas9-VP64/sgRNA(MS2)-MS2-p65-HSF1 CRISPRa system targeting the UBC promoter; this upregulation is reversible and compatible with normal cellular processes, establishing that the UBC promoter is accessible for transcriptional activation outside of stress contexts. Inducible CRISPRa (dCas9-VP64 + MS2-p65-HSF1 + MS2-loop sgRNA) targeting UBC promoter; qRT-PCR; immunoblotting for ubiquitin levels International journal of molecular sciences Medium 31261719
2021 In prostate cancer cells, SEPT6 acts upstream of UBC to suppress ubiquitin expression: SEPT6 overexpression reduces UBC protein levels and overall ubiquitination, while SEPT6 knockdown increases UBC expression; immunofluorescence confirms colocalization of SEPT6 and UBC; reduced UBC downstream of SEPT6 impairs prostate cancer cell proliferation and clone formation. UBC overexpression and knockdown in DU145 cells; CCK-8 proliferation assay; flow cytometry (cell cycle); clonal formation assay; immunofluorescence colocalization; SEPT6 OE/KD with UBC readout; in vivo tumor formation Mediators of inflammation Medium 34966246
2025 In bovine mammary epithelial cells infected with Staphylococcus aureus, UBC (ubiquitin C) is upregulated and its interaction with SIRT5 is enhanced, promoting ubiquitin-mediated degradation of SIRT5; loss of SIRT5 increases succinylation of DRP1, inhibits its degradation, and drives excessive mitochondrial fission, thereby aggravating oxidative stress and cellular senescence. Mass spectrometry and co-immunoprecipitation to identify UBC–SIRT5 interaction; SIRT5 overexpression rescue; DRP1 succinylation immunoblotting; mitochondrial membrane potential and morphology assays; S. aureus infection model PLoS pathogens Medium 41678546
2025 Epimedin C disrupts the interaction between MIC25 (mitochondrial cristae structural protein) and UBC (ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme C), preventing UBC-mediated ubiquitin-dependent degradation of MIC25, thereby stabilizing MICOS complex integrity, preserving mitochondrial cristae structure, improving ATP production, and delaying muscle fatigue. Proteomic analysis; co-immunoprecipitation of MIC25–UBC interaction; MIC25 overexpression and knockdown; mitochondrial function assays (ATP, membrane potential, cristae morphology); exercise performance testing in C57BL/6 mice PloS one Medium 40435285

Source papers

Stage 0 corpus · 101 papers · ranked by NIH iCite citations
Year Title Journal Citations PMID
2009 Lysine acetylation targets protein complexes and co-regulates major cellular functions. Science (New York, N.Y.) 3312 19608861
2006 Global, in vivo, and site-specific phosphorylation dynamics in signaling networks. Cell 2861 17081983
2005 Towards a proteome-scale map of the human protein-protein interaction network. Nature 2090 16189514
2012 Insights into RNA biology from an atlas of mammalian mRNA-binding proteins. Cell 1718 22658674
2005 A human protein-protein interaction network: a resource for annotating the proteome. Cell 1704 16169070
2002 Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 1479 12477932
1987 Structure of ubiquitin refined at 1.8 A resolution. Journal of molecular biology 1430 3041007
2011 Systematic and quantitative assessment of the ubiquitin-modified proteome. Molecular cell 1334 21906983
2014 Ubiquitin is phosphorylated by PINK1 to activate parkin. Nature 1205 24784582
2017 Architecture of the human interactome defines protein communities and disease networks. Nature 1085 28514442
2011 Phosphorylation of the autophagy receptor optineurin restricts Salmonella growth. Science (New York, N.Y.) 1074 21617041
2014 PINK1 phosphorylates ubiquitin to activate Parkin E3 ubiquitin ligase activity. The Journal of cell biology 1042 24751536
2014 A proteome-scale map of the human interactome network. Cell 977 25416956
2012 The mRNA-bound proteome and its global occupancy profile on protein-coding transcripts. Molecular cell 973 22681889
1999 RING fingers mediate ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme (E2)-dependent ubiquitination. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 953 10500182
2009 A role for NBR1 in autophagosomal degradation of ubiquitinated substrates. Molecular cell 930 19250911
2004 The ubiquitin-modifying enzyme A20 is required for termination of Toll-like receptor responses. Nature immunology 906 15334086
2020 Papain-like protease regulates SARS-CoV-2 viral spread and innate immunity. Nature 859 32726803
2020 A reference map of the human binary protein interactome. Nature 849 32296183
2006 Activation of IKK by TNFalpha requires site-specific ubiquitination of RIP1 and polyubiquitin binding by NEMO. Molecular cell 849 16603398
2018 VIRMA mediates preferential m6A mRNA methylation in 3'UTR and near stop codon and associates with alternative polyadenylation. Cell discovery 829 29507755
2001 The co-chaperone CHIP regulates protein triage decisions mediated by heat-shock proteins. Nature cell biology 829 11146632
2003 Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs. Nature genetics 754 14702039
2012 PINK1 is activated by mitochondrial membrane potential depolarization and stimulates Parkin E3 ligase activity by phosphorylating Serine 65. Open biology 753 22724072
2011 A proteome-wide, quantitative survey of in vivo ubiquitylation sites reveals widespread regulatory roles. Molecular & cellular proteomics : MCP 749 21890473
2004 TAB2 and TAB3 activate the NF-kappaB pathway through binding to polyubiquitin chains. Molecular cell 749 15327770
2012 Wnt signaling through inhibition of β-catenin degradation in an intact Axin1 complex. Cell 734 22682247
2015 The PINK1-PARKIN Mitochondrial Ubiquitylation Pathway Drives a Program of OPTN/NDP52 Recruitment and TBK1 Activation to Promote Mitophagy. Molecular cell 730 26365381
2021 Dual proteome-scale networks reveal cell-specific remodeling of the human interactome. Cell 705 33961781
2003 Mind bomb is a ubiquitin ligase that is essential for efficient activation of Notch signaling by Delta. Developmental cell 657 12530964
2007 The mouse polyubiquitin gene UbC is essential for fetal liver development, cell-cycle progression and stress tolerance. The EMBO journal 132 17491588
2015 The UBC-40 Urothelial Bladder Cancer cell line index: a genomic resource for functional studies. BMC genomics 100 25997541
1998 The products of the yeast MMS2 and two human homologs (hMMS2 and CROC-1) define a structurally and functionally conserved Ubc-like protein family. Nucleic acids research 90 9705497
2002 Ubiquitin (UbC) expression in muscle cells is increased by glucocorticoids through a mechanism involving Sp1 and MEK1. The Journal of biological chemistry 70 11872750
2006 The T-box factor TBX-2 and the SUMO conjugating enzyme UBC-9 are required for ABa-derived pharyngeal muscle in C. elegans. Developmental biology 54 16701625
2003 lin-35/Rb and ubc-18, an E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme, function redundantly to control pharyngeal morphogenesis in C. elegans. Development (Cambridge, England) 53 12783801
1996 Association of human fas (CD95) with a ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme (UBC-FAP). The Journal of biological chemistry 53 8940097
2000 Comparison of the monoclonal UBC-ELISA test and the NMP22 ELISA test for the detection of urothelial cell carcinoma of the bladder. Urology 48 10688083
2000 Comparison of two qualitative assays, the UBC rapid test and the BTA stat test, in the diagnosis of urothelial cell carcinoma of the bladder. Urology 47 10925083
2015 Dynamic transcription of ubiquitin genes under basal and stressful conditions and new insights into the multiple UBC transcript variants. Gene 45 26172870
2016 UbC-StarTrack, a clonal method to target the entire progeny of individual progenitors. Scientific reports 42 27654510
2017 Urinary UBC Rapid and NMP22 Test for Bladder Cancer Surveillance in Comparison to Urinary Cytology: Results from a Prospective Single-Center Study. International journal of medical sciences 41 28824318
2008 Urinary cytology and quantitative BTA and UBC tests in surveillance of patients with pTapT1 bladder urothelial carcinoma. Urology 41 18387400
2002 Qualitative and quantitative detection of urinary human complement factor H-related protein (BTA stat and BTA TRAK) and fragments of cytokeratins 8, 18 (UBC rapid and UBC IRMA) as markers for transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder. European urology 41 11999463
1993 The ubc-2 gene of Caenorhabditis elegans encodes a ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme involved in selective protein degradation. Molecular and cellular biology 41 8441382
2004 The coordinate regulation of pharyngeal development in C. elegans by lin-35/Rb, pha-1, and ubc-18. Developmental biology 40 15196946
2012 Diagnostic values of urine CYFRA21-1, NMP22, UBC, and FDP for the detection of bladder cancer. Clinica chimica acta; international journal of clinical chemistry 39 22944145
1989 Unequal crossover generates variation in ubiquitin coding unit number at the human UbC polyubiquitin locus. American journal of human genetics 34 2564731
2007 Comparative diagnostic value of urine cytology, UBC-ELISA, and fluorescence in situ hybridization for detection of transitional cell carcinoma of urinary bladder in routine clinical practice. Urology 32 17688921
1997 Isolation of a cDNA coding for an ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme UBC1 of tomato--the first stress-induced UBC of higher plants. FEBS letters 32 9202147
2018 Induction of ubiquitin C (UBC) gene transcription is mediated by HSF1: role of proteotoxic and oxidative stress. FEBS open bio 29 30186748
2015 Disruption of polyubiquitin gene Ubc leads to attenuated resistance against arsenite-induced toxicity in mouse embryonic fibroblasts. Biochimica et biophysica acta 28 25701757
1996 Heterogeneous structure of the polyubiquitin gene UbC of HeLa S3 cells. Gene 28 8917096
2017 UBC® Rapid Test for detection of carcinoma in situ for bladder cancer. Tumour biology : the journal of the International Society for Oncodevelopmental Biology and Medicine 27 28468590
2014 Differential organ phenotypes after postnatal Igf1r gene conditional deletion induced by tamoxifen in UBC-CreERT2; Igf1r fl/fl double transgenic mice. Transgenic research 27 25238791
2006 ARI-1, an RBR family ubiquitin-ligase, functions with UBC-18 to regulate pharyngeal development in C. elegans. Developmental biology 27 16457801
2018 Evaluation of a New Survivin ELISA and UBC® Rapid for the Detection of Bladder Cancer in Urine. International journal of molecular sciences 26 29324722
2018 Review of the UBC Porcine Model of Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury. Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society 26 30196652
2005 Zoledronate induces apoptosis in cells from fibro-cellular membrane of unicameral bone cyst (UBC). Journal of orthopaedic research : official publication of the Orthopaedic Research Society 25 15921873
2023 BTA stat®, NMP22® BladderChek®, UBC® Rapid Test, and CancerCheck® UBC® rapid VISUAL as urinary marker for bladder cancer: Final results of a German multicenter study. Urologic oncology 23 37407421
2018 UBC® Rapid Test-A Urinary Point-of-Care (POC) Assay for Diagnosis of Bladder Cancer with a focus on Non-Muscle Invasive High-Grade Tumors: Results of a Multicenter-Study. International journal of molecular sciences 23 30513851
1994 Establishment of a partially informative porcine somatic cell hybrid panel and assignment of the loci for transition protein 2 (TNP2) and protamine 1 (PRM1) to chromosome 3 and polyubiquitin (UBC) to chromosome 14. Genomics 23 7959732
2009 A mechanistic basis for the coordinated regulation of pharyngeal morphogenesis in Caenorhabditis elegans by LIN-35/Rb and UBC-18-ARI-1. PLoS genetics 22 19521497
1975 Purification, properties and induction of a specific benzoate-4-hydroxylase from Aspergillus niger (UBC 814). Biochimica et biophysica acta 22 236777
2006 Tissue-specific regulation of ubiquitin (UbC) transcription by glucocorticoids: in vivo and in vitro analyses. American journal of physiology. Renal physiology 19 16954342
2003 The maintenance of neuromuscular function requires UBC-25 in Caenorhabditis elegans. Biochemical and biophysical research communications 19 12763049
1995 A human ubiquitin conjugating enzyme, L-UBC, maps in the Alzheimer's disease locus on chromosome 14q24.3. Mammalian genome : official journal of the International Mammalian Genome Society 19 8563171
2008 IIICS de novo glycosylated fibronectin as a marker for invasiveness in urothelial carcinoma of the urinary bladder (UBC). Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology 16 18386055
2009 The polyubiquitin Ubc gene modulates histone H2A monoubiquitylation in the R6/2 mouse model of Huntington's disease. Journal of cellular and molecular medicine 15 19602042
2001 Molecular cloning and functional characterization of two murine cDNAs which encode Ubc variants involved in DNA repair and mutagenesis. Biochimica et biophysica acta 15 11406273
2020 Mapping the Chromosomal Insertion Site of the GFP Transgene of UBC-GFP Mice to the MHC Locus. Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) 14 32122998
1997 Biochemical characterization of Caenorhabditis elegans UBC-1: self-association and auto-ubiquitination of a RAD6-like ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme in vitro. The Biochemical journal 14 9359401
1992 Localization of the human UBC polyubiquitin gene to chromosome band 12q24.3. Genomics 14 1315303
2012 Perturbation of the hematopoietic system during embryonic liver development due to disruption of polyubiquitin gene Ubc in mice. PloS one 13 22393459
2018 A novel requirement for ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme UBC-13 in retrograde recycling of MIG-14/Wntless and Wnt signaling. Molecular biology of the cell 12 29927348
2015 The UBC Domain Is Required for BRUCE to Promote BRIT1/MCPH1 Function in DSB Signaling and Repair Post Formation of BRUCE-USP8-BRIT1 Complex. PloS one 11 26683461
2013 Disruption of polyubiquitin gene Ubc leads to defective proliferation of hepatocytes and bipotent fetal liver epithelial progenitor cells. Biochemical and biophysical research communications 11 23669039
1995 Caenorhabditis elegans UBC-1, a ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme homologous to yeast RAD6/UBC2, contains a novel carboxy-terminal extension that is conserved in nematodes. DNA and cell biology 11 7546294
2020 Cell Progeny in the Olfactory Bulb After Targeting Specific Progenitors with Different UbC-StarTrack Approaches. Genes 9 32183100
2004 Caenorhabditis elegans UBC-2 functions with the anaphase-promoting complex but also has other activities. Journal of cell science 9 15466891
2021 UBC Mediated by SEPT6 Inhibited the Progression of Prostate Cancer. Mediators of inflammation 8 34966246
2021 OsUEV1B, an Ubc enzyme variant protein, is required for phosphate homeostasis in rice. The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology 7 33570751
2006 Cloning, characterization and subcellular localization of a gene encoding a human Ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme (E2) homologous to the Arabidopsis thaliana UBC-16 gene product. Frontiers in bioscience : a journal and virtual library 7 16368532
2024 Genome‑wide identification and expression analysis of the UBC gene family in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). BMC plant biology 6 38671351
2022 UBC-Nepal Expedition: Motor Unit Characteristics in Lowlanders Acclimatized to High Altitude and Sherpa. Medicine and science in sports and exercise 6 36730980
2008 Biological significance of structural differences between two highly conserved Ubc variants. Biochemical and biophysical research communications 6 19056346
2022 Cell Fate of Retinal Progenitor Cells: In Ovo UbC-StarTrack Analysis. International journal of molecular sciences 4 36293245
2019 Reversible Regulation of Polyubiquitin Gene UBC via Modified Inducible CRISPR/Cas9 System. International journal of molecular sciences 4 31261719
2022 UBC®Rapid Is Sensitive in Detecting High-Grade Bladder Urothelial Carcinoma and Carcinoma in situ in Asian Population. Urologia internationalis 3 36273445
2020 UBC-9 Acts in GABA Neurons to Control Neuromuscular Signaling in C. elegans. Neuroscience insights 3 33089216
2016 Cloning and characterization of the UBC gene from lotus (Nelumbo nucifera). Genetics and molecular research : GMR 3 27525889
2024 UBC Gene Family Analysis in Salvia castanea and Roles of ScUBC2/5 Genes under Abiotic Stress. Plants (Basel, Switzerland) 2 38794424
2016 BLCA-4 and UBC combined detection for early diagnosis of bladder cancer. Journal of biological regulators and homeostatic agents 2 27358136
2000 Evaluation of the UBC test in the urine of healthy individuals, patients with benign disorders and urinary bladder cancer. Oncology reports 2 11032928
2023 Elimination of 4T1 Mammary Tumor Cells by BALB/cBy UBC-GFP Transgenics following Stable Inheritance of the H-2b MHC Allele. ImmunoHorizons 1 36637515
2026 The UBC/SIRT5/DRP1 axis regulates mitochondrial dynamics to alleviate Staphylococcus aureus-induced oxidative stress and senescence in bovine mammary epithelial cells. PLoS pathogens 0 41678546
2026 Identification of potential allosteric inhibitors-modulators for the heterodimer CDC34-UBC protein-protein complex. 3 Biotech 0 41971389
2025 Epimedin C enhances mitochondrial energy supply by regulating the interaction between MIC25 and UBC in rodent model. PloS one 0 40435285
2025 Integrative Spatial Transcriptomics and Experimental Validation Reveal UBC-Mediated EMT Associated with Immune Evasion in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. ImmunoTargets and therapy 0 41446812
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