Affinage

TAF1B

TATA box-binding protein-associated factor RNA polymerase I subunit B · UniProt Q53T94

Length
588 aa
Mass
68.8 kDa
Annotated
2026-04-28
94 papers in source corpus 23 papers cited in narrative 21 extracted findings

Mechanistic narrative

Synthesis pass · prose summary of the discoveries below

TAF1B is a TFIIB-related subunit of the RNA polymerase I selectivity factor SL1 that functions as a core component of the Pol I pre-initiation complex at ribosomal DNA promoters, playing an essential role in rRNA gene transcription. TAF1B assembles with TBP and the other TAF_I subunits (TAF1A, TAF1C, TAF1D) to form the SL1 complex, which binds the rDNA promoter both independently and cooperatively with UBF, stabilizing UBF occupancy and recruiting initiation-competent Pol I via interaction with hRRN3 (PMID:1547496, PMID:7801130, PMID:15970593, PMID:11250903). Structurally homologous to TFIIB through N-terminal zinc ribbon and cyclin-like fold domains, TAF1B fulfills an essential post-polymerase recruitment function analogous to TFIIB in Pol II transcription (PMID:21921199). TAF1B activity is regulated by PCAF-mediated acetylation, which enhances rDNA promoter binding and stimulates transcription, by mSir2a-mediated deacetylation, which represses transcription, and by cdc2/cyclin B phosphorylation of SL1 during mitosis, which inactivates the complex (PMID:11250901, PMID:9857193).

Mechanistic history

Synthesis pass · year-by-year structured walk · 11 steps
  1. 1992 High

    Identification of TAF1B as a novel TBP-associated factor within SL1 established that Pol I promoter selectivity depends on a distinct multisubunit TBP-TAF complex, not TBP alone.

    Evidence Chromatographic purification and reconstitution of SL1 transcriptional activity from separated TAFIs plus recombinant TBP

    PMID:1547496

    Open questions at the time
    • Individual contributions of each TAFI subunit to promoter recognition were undefined
    • Structural basis for polymerase selectivity of TBP-TAF complexes unknown
  2. 1994 High

    Demonstration that TAF1B directly binds TBP and other TAFIs, and that all four subunits reconstitute transcriptionally active SL1, resolved the minimal composition of the Pol I selectivity factor.

    Evidence Recombinant protein binding assays and full reconstitution of accurate Pol I transcription from purified components

    PMID:7801123 PMID:7801130 PMID:8058785

    Open questions at the time
    • Stoichiometry of the SL1 complex was not determined
    • Mechanism by which SL1 recruits Pol I was unknown
  3. 1998 High

    Discovering that cdc2/cyclin B phosphorylation inactivates SL1 and impairs UBF–SL1 interaction explained how ribosomal gene transcription is silenced during mitosis.

    Evidence Cell-free Pol I transcription with mitotic kinase treatment and UBF–SL1 interaction assays

    PMID:9811537 PMID:9857193

    Open questions at the time
    • Which specific SL1 subunit(s) are phosphorylated was not fully resolved
    • Phosphatase responsible for reactivation at mitotic exit not identified
  4. 1999 High

    Mapping UBF's C-terminal activation domain as the SL1-interacting surface, and showing phosphorylation-dependence of this interaction, established UBF as a regulated recruiter of SL1 to the rDNA promoter.

    Evidence Protein interaction assays with UBF deletion mutants, phosphatase treatment, DNase I footprinting, and reconstituted transcription

    PMID:10082553

    Open questions at the time
    • Specific SL1 subunit(s) contacting UBF not identified at residue resolution
    • Role of CK2 in UBF phosphorylation for SL1 interaction not yet tested
  5. 2001 High

    Identification of PCAF-mediated acetylation as an activator and mSir2a-mediated deacetylation as a repressor of TAF1B established a reversible post-translational switch controlling Pol I transcription output.

    Evidence In vitro acetylation/deacetylation assays with promoter binding and reconstituted transcription readouts

    PMID:11250901

    Open questions at the time
    • Acetylation sites on TAF1B not mapped to specific residues
    • In vivo acetylation dynamics under growth signaling not characterized
  6. 2001 High

    Showing that hRRN3 directly interacts with SL1 subunits (TAF1B and TAF1C) to recruit initiation-competent Pol I defined the bridging mechanism linking promoter-bound SL1 to the polymerase.

    Evidence Co-immunoprecipitation, direct interaction assay, and chromatin recruitment blockade experiment

    PMID:11250903

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether TAF1B or TAF1C is the primary hRRN3 contact not resolved
    • Structural basis for hRRN3–SL1 interaction unknown
  7. 2005 High

    Demonstrating that SL1 can direct accurate Pol I transcription without UBF and stabilizes UBF at the promoter revised the view of SL1 from a purely UBF-dependent factor to an independent promoter-binding entity with cooperative function.

    Evidence In vitro transcription reconstitution and kinetic promoter dissociation assays

    PMID:15970593

    Open questions at the time
    • How SL1 recognizes the core promoter independently of UBF was structurally undefined
  8. 2011 High

    Establishing TAF1B as the structural and functional homolog of TFIIB — with conserved zinc ribbon and cyclin folds and a post-polymerase recruitment role — unified Pol I and Pol II pre-initiation complex architecture.

    Evidence Bioinformatic structural prediction combined with domain swap and functional complementation assays; confirmed independently by two groups

    PMID:21921198 PMID:21921199

    Open questions at the time
    • High-resolution structure of TAF1B in the Pol I PIC not available
    • Whether the zinc ribbon directly contacts rDNA not tested
  9. 2014 High

    Showing that all four human TAFIs overcome species-specificity when expressed in mouse cells, while chimeric human-mouse TAFI complexes fail, demonstrated that TAF1B functions within a tightly co-evolved subunit ensemble.

    Evidence Ectopic expression of human TAFIs in mouse cells with reporter-based Pol I transcription monitoring

    PMID:24928901

    Open questions at the time
    • Molecular determinants of species-specific incompatibility not mapped
    • Whether TAF1D is essential in the reconstituted system not fully addressed
  10. 2022 High

    Conditional deletion of TAF1B in vivo revealed that SL1 is required to maintain UBTF occupancy specifically at rDNA promoters, establishing TAF1B as a specificity determinant that restricts UBTF1 function to promoter elements.

    Evidence Conditional gene deletion with ChIP and fluorescence microscopy in mouse cells

    PMID:35139074

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether TAF1B loss affects other chromatin marks at rDNA beyond UBTF occupancy not assessed
    • Downstream consequences of TAF1B loss on nucleolar structure were not fully characterized in this study
  11. 2023 Medium

    TAF1B depletion in hepatocellular carcinoma cells induces nucleolar stress and p53-dependent apoptosis, linking SL1 integrity to cancer cell survival and identifying a potential vulnerability.

    Evidence Lentiviral knockdown, co-IP, ChIP, apoptosis assays, and xenograft tumor model

    PMID:37645431

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether the apoptotic response is specific to TAF1B loss versus general rDNA transcription inhibition not distinguished
    • Relevance to non-hepatic tumor types not tested

Open questions

Synthesis pass · forward-looking unresolved questions
  • A high-resolution cryo-EM or crystal structure of TAF1B within the human Pol I pre-initiation complex is needed to define its contacts with the rDNA template, Pol I, and hRRN3, and to clarify how acetylation modulates promoter binding at the atomic level.
  • No atomic-resolution structure of TAF1B or human SL1 in a PIC context
  • Acetylation site mapping and structural consequences unresolved
  • In vivo dynamics of SL1 assembly/disassembly during cell cycle and growth signaling remain poorly characterized

Mechanism profile

Synthesis pass · controlled-vocabulary classification · explore literature graph →
Molecular activity
GO:0140110 transcription regulator activity 3 GO:0003677 DNA binding 2 GO:0005198 structural molecule activity 2
Localization
GO:0005634 nucleus 2 GO:0005730 nucleolus 2
Pathway
R-HSA-74160 Gene expression (Transcription) 5 R-HSA-1640170 Cell Cycle 1
Partners
KAT2BRRN3TAF1ATAF1CTAF1DTBPUBTF
Complex memberships
SL1 (Selectivity Factor 1)

Evidence

Reading pass · 21 per-paper findings extracted from the source corpus
Year Finding Method Journal Conf PMIDs
1992 SL1 (the RNA polymerase I promoter selectivity factor) is a multisubunit complex containing TBP (TATA-binding protein) and three distinct TBP-associated factors (TAFIs), including TAF1B (TAFI48). Purified TAFIs reconstituted with recombinant TBP complement SL1 transcriptional activity, demonstrating TBP plus novel associated factors are integral components of SL1. Column chromatography, glycerol gradient sedimentation, antibody depletion, reconstitution assay Cell High 1547496
1994 TAF1B (TAFI48), along with TAFI110 and TAFI63, can each bind individually and specifically to TBP and interact with each other to form a stable TBP-TAF complex. TAFIs from SL1 and TFIID show mutually exclusive binding specificity for TBP, directing formation of polymerase-selective TBP-TAF complexes. Subunit interaction analysis, recombinant protein binding assays Science High 7801123
1994 TAF1B (TAFI48), together with TAFI110, TAFI63, and TBP, is necessary and sufficient to reconstitute a transcriptionally active SL1 complex capable of directing accurate RNA polymerase I transcription from the human ribosomal RNA gene promoter. In vivo and in vitro assembly of recombinant SL1 subunits, reconstituted transcription assay Science High 7801130
1994 The conserved core domain of TBP is sufficient to assemble with Pol I-specific TAFs (including TAF1B/TAFI48) to form a functional SL1 complex; TBP directly interacts with TAFI48 in an in vitro protein-protein interaction assay. Immunopurification of epitope-tagged TBP constructs, in vitro protein-protein interaction assay, in vitro transcription Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America High 8058785
1997 Murine TAFIs (including the TAF1B ortholog) can form stable chimeric complexes with human TBP and TAFIs, demonstrating evolutionarily conserved protein-protein interactions among SL1 subunits responsible for complex assembly. cDNA cloning, sequence analysis, chimeric complex assembly assay Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America Medium 9050847
1997 SV40 large T antigen directly binds to SL1 subunits TBP, TAF1B (TAFI48), and TAFI110, and this interaction with SL1 is required for large T antigen stimulation of RNA Pol I transcription. Immunoprecipitation in vitro and in SV40-infected cells, large T antigen deletion mutant transcription assays Genes & development High 9203586
1998 SL1 (including TAF1B as a subunit) is inactivated by cdc2/cyclin B-directed phosphorylation during mitosis, resulting in repression of RNA Pol I transcription; phosphorylation impairs the interaction of SL1 with UBF. Cell-free transcription system, mitotic kinase phosphorylation assay, protein-protein interaction studies The EMBO journal High 9811537 9857193
1999 SL1 is recruited to the rRNA gene promoter through direct protein-protein interaction with the carboxy-terminal activation domain of UBF; this recruitment is regulated by UBF phosphorylation, as dephosphorylation of UBF abolishes UBF-SL1 interaction and transcriptional activation. Protein-protein interaction assays with UBF deletion mutants, alkaline phosphatase treatment, DNase I footprinting, in vitro transcription reconstitution Molecular and cellular biology High 10082553
2000 Retinoblastoma protein (Rb) directly interacts with UBF and blocks the interaction between UBF and SL1 (using TAF1B/TAFI48 as a marker for SL1), thereby repressing RNA Pol I transcription. Direct protein interaction assays, DNase footprinting, band-shift assays Oncogene Medium 11042686
2001 TAF1B (TAFI68/TAF(I)68) is acetylated by PCAF (p300/CBP-associated factor), and this acetylation enhances binding of TAF1B to the rDNA promoter and stimulates RNA Pol I transcription; the NAD+-dependent deacetylase mSir2a deacetylates TAF1B and represses Pol I transcription. In vitro acetylation assay, promoter binding assay, reconstituted in vitro transcription system, deacetylation assay The EMBO journal High 11250901
2001 hRRN3 directly interacts with TAF1B (TAF(I)63) and TAF(I)110 of SL1, and this interaction is essential for recruitment of initiation-competent RNA Pol I to the rDNA promoter; blocking this connection prevents Pol I recruitment. Co-immunoprecipitation, direct interaction assay, chromatin recruitment assay The EMBO journal High 11250903
2005 PTEN represses RNA Pol I transcription by inducing dissociation of SL1 subunits (including TAF1B) and reducing their occupancy on the rRNA gene promoter, independent of effects on SL1 expression levels. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP), co-immunoprecipitation, in vitro transcription Molecular and cellular biology Medium 16055704
2005 Human SL1 (containing TAF1B) can direct accurate Pol I transcription in the absence of UBF and interacts with the rDNA promoter independently and stably; SL1 significantly reduces the rate of UBF dissociation from the rDNA promoter, indicating a role in stabilizing UBF at the promoter. In vitro transcription reconstitution, promoter binding/dissociation assays The Journal of biological chemistry High 15970593
2006 Protein kinase CK2 co-immunoprecipitates with the Pol I complex, is associated with the rRNA gene promoter, and stimulates Pol I transcription by phosphorylating the C-terminus of UBF, which counteracts inhibitory HMG box domains and stabilizes the UBF-SL1 interaction. Co-immunoprecipitation, ChIP, kinase assay, in vitro transcription with immobilized templates Nucleic acids research Medium 16971462
2007 TAF(I)41 (MGC5306) is a novel component of SL1 that co-purifies and co-immunoprecipitates with SL1, resides at the rDNA promoter in the nucleolus, and is required for Pol I transcription and for stable SL1 occupancy at the rDNA promoter in vivo. Co-purification, co-immunoprecipitation, immunodepletion, siRNA knockdown, Pol I transcription assay The EMBO journal High 17318177
2011 TAF1B is structurally related to TFIIB/TFIIB-like proteins through predicted N-terminal zinc ribbon and cyclin-like fold domains, and SL1 has an essential post-polymerase recruitment role operating through TAF1B, identifying TAF1B as the TFIIB-like factor of the Pol I transcription machinery. Bioinformatic structural prediction, domain swap experiments, functional complementation assays Science High 21921198 21921199
2014 All four human TAFI subunits of SL1 (including TAF1B) are necessary and sufficient to reconstitute human rRNA gene transcription in mouse cells, overcoming the species-specificity barrier; chimeric human-mouse TAFI complexes could be formed but were transcriptionally inactive. Ectopic expression in mouse cells, sensitive Pol I transcription monitoring system using influenza RNA polymerase reporter, chimeric complex assembly Journal of cell science High 24928901
2015 The pSER domain of AF4 family proteins (component of AEP complex) associates with SL1 on chromatin and facilitates TBP loading onto the promoter to initiate RNA Pol II-dependent transcription; MLL-AEP fusion proteins activate transcription initiation through SL1. Chromatin immunoprecipitation, co-immunoprecipitation, in vitro transcription Nature communications Medium 26593443
2022 Conditional deletion of TAF1B (a subunit of SL1) causes striking depletion of UBTF at both rDNA promoters but not elsewhere across the rDNA, demonstrating that SL1-TAF1B cooperates with UBTF1 splice variant to provide specificity for rDNA promoter recognition in vivo. Conditional gene deletion (knockout), ChIP, fluorescence microscopy PLoS genetics High 35139074
2023 TAF1B depletion in hepatocellular carcinoma cells disrupts the SL1 pre-initiation complex (verified by co-IP and ChIP), inhibits rDNA transcription, induces nucleolar stress, and triggers apoptosis through a p53-miR-101 positive and negative feedback circuit. Lentiviral knockdown, co-immunoprecipitation, ChIP, immunofluorescence, FISH, qRT-PCR, apoptosis assays, xenograft tumor model Frontiers in oncology Medium 37645431
2000 Human TAF1B gene is localized to chromosome 2p25 as a single copy gene; the gene is transcribed into multiple RNA species that could produce variant SL1 isoforms. Somatic cell hybrid panel analysis, radiation hybrid panel analysis, FISH, Northern analysis Cytogenetics and cell genetics Low 10894955

Source papers

Stage 0 corpus · 94 papers · ranked by NIH iCite citations
Year Title Journal Citations PMID
1992 The TATA-binding protein and associated factors are integral components of the RNA polymerase I transcription factor, SL1. Cell 390 1547496
1988 Functional cooperativity between transcription factors UBF1 and SL1 mediates human ribosomal RNA synthesis. Science (New York, N.Y.) 323 3413483
2005 Clostridium carboxidivorans sp. nov., a solvent-producing clostridium isolated from an agricultural settling lagoon, and reclassification of the acetogen Clostridium scatologenes strain SL1 as Clostridium drakei sp. nov. International journal of systematic and evolutionary microbiology 174 16166714
2001 Acetylation of TAF(I)68, a subunit of TIF-IB/SL1, activates RNA polymerase I transcription. The EMBO journal 162 11250901
2001 hRRN3 is essential in the SL1-mediated recruitment of RNA Polymerase I to rRNA gene promoters. The EMBO journal 154 11250903
1994 Reconstitution of transcription factor SL1: exclusive binding of TBP by SL1 or TFIID subunits. Science (New York, N.Y.) 133 7801123
1994 Assembly of transcriptionally active RNA polymerase I initiation factor SL1 from recombinant subunits. Science (New York, N.Y.) 131 7801130
1998 Mitotic silencing of human rRNA synthesis: inactivation of the promoter selectivity factor SL1 by cdc2/cyclin B-mediated phosphorylation. The EMBO journal 130 9857193
1996 In vivo evidence that TATA-binding protein/SL1 colocalizes with UBF and RNA polymerase I when rRNA synthesis is either active or inactive. The Journal of cell biology 128 8609157
2000 Rb and p130 regulate RNA polymerase I transcription: Rb disrupts the interaction between UBF and SL-1. Oncogene 110 11042686
2005 PTEN represses RNA Polymerase I transcription by disrupting the SL1 complex. Molecular and cellular biology 86 16055704
1994 The RSRF/MEF2 protein SL1 regulates cardiac muscle-specific transcription of a myosin light-chain gene in Xenopus embryos. Genes & development 84 7926733
1999 Recruitment of TATA-binding protein-TAFI complex SL1 to the human ribosomal DNA promoter is mediated by the carboxy-terminal activation domain of upstream binding factor (UBF) and is regulated by UBF phosphorylation. Molecular and cellular biology 79 10082553
2007 A novel TBP-associated factor of SL1 functions in RNA polymerase I transcription. The EMBO journal 78 17318177
1993 Cell type-specific regulation of SL-1 and SL-2 genes. Induction of the SL-2 gene but not the SL-1 gene by human keratinocytes in response to cytokines and phorbolesters. The Journal of biological chemistry 78 8349617
2005 TBP-TAF complex SL1 directs RNA polymerase I pre-initiation complex formation and stabilizes upstream binding factor at the rDNA promoter. The Journal of biological chemistry 72 15970593
1997 Cloning of murine RNA polymerase I-specific TAF factors: conserved interactions between the subunits of the species-specific transcription initiation factor TIF-IB/SL1. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 71 9050847
2003 Structure of the intact stem and bulge of HIV-1 Psi-RNA stem-loop SL1. Journal of molecular biology 63 12559920
2011 Yeast Rrn7 and human TAF1B are TFIIB-related RNA polymerase I general transcription factors. Science (New York, N.Y.) 62 21921198
2000 Clostridium scatologenes strain SL1 isolated as an acetogenic bacterium from acidic sediments. International journal of systematic and evolutionary microbiology 60 10758858
1997 SV40 large T antigen binds to the TBP-TAF(I) complex SL1 and coactivates ribosomal RNA transcription. Genes & development 53 9203586
1994 TATA box-binding protein (TBP) is a constituent of the polymerase I-specific transcription initiation factor TIF-IB (SL1) bound to the rRNA promoter and shows differential sensitivity to TBP-directed reagents in polymerase I, II, and III transcription factors. Molecular and cellular biology 52 8264628
2002 Structure and stability of wild-type and mutant RNA internal loops from the SL-1 domain of the HIV-1 packaging signal. Journal of molecular biology 51 12225748
1996 The species-specific RNA polymerase I transcription factor SL-1 binds to upstream binding factor. Molecular and cellular biology 50 8552083
2011 TAF1B is a TFIIB-like component of the basal transcription machinery for RNA polymerase I. Science (New York, N.Y.) 49 21921199
2002 Identification of MARCKS, FLJ11383 and TAF1B as putative novel target genes in colorectal carcinomas with microsatellite instability. Oncogene 47 12140758
1996 The SL1 trans-spliced leader RNA performs an essential embryonic function in Caenorhabditis elegans that can also be supplied by SL2 RNA. Genes & development 46 8666237
2006 SL1 RNA gene recovery from Enterobius vermicularis ancient DNA in pre-Columbian human coprolites. International journal for parasitology 45 16950265
1998 Mitotic phosphorylation of the TBP-containing factor SL1 represses ribosomal gene transcription. Journal of molecular biology 45 9811537
2015 AF4 uses the SL1 components of RNAP1 machinery to initiate MLL fusion- and AEP-dependent transcription. Nature communications 44 26593443
2006 A new NMR solution structure of the SL1 HIV-1Lai loop-loop dimer. Nucleic acids research 44 16410614
2006 CK2-mediated stimulation of Pol I transcription by stabilization of UBF-SL1 interaction. Nucleic acids research 43 16971462
1995 SL1 trans-splicing specified by AU-rich synthetic RNA inserted at the 5' end of Caenorhabditis elegans pre-mRNA. RNA (New York, N.Y.) 38 7585246
1993 Effects of N-acetylglucosamine on carbohydrate fermentation by Streptococcus mutans NCTC 10449 and Streptococcus sobrinus SL-1. Infection and immunity 38 8418050
2003 Stem of SL1 RNA in HIV-1: structure and nucleocapsid protein binding for a 1 x 3 internal loop. Biochemistry 37 12731867
2003 Rev binds specifically to a purine loop in the SL1 region of the HIV-1 leader RNA. The Journal of biological chemistry 37 12851400
2004 A survey of SL1-spliced transcripts from the root-lesion nematode Pratylenchus penetrans. Molecular genetics and genomics : MGG 33 15338281
2013 RNAi-mediated knockdown of catalase causes cell cycle arrest in SL-1 cells and results in low survival rate of Spodoptera litura (Fabricius). PloS one 31 23555693
1999 A kinase activity associated with simian virus 40 large T antigen phosphorylates upstream binding factor (UBF) and promotes formation of a stable initiation complex between UBF and SL1. Molecular and cellular biology 27 10082545
2007 Nucleocapsid protein-mediated maturation of dimer initiation complex of full-length SL1 stemloop of HIV-1: sequence effects and mechanism of RNA refolding. Nucleic acids research 25 17341460
2018 Targeting c-met receptor tyrosine kinase by the DNA aptamer SL1 as a potential novel therapeutic option for myeloma. Journal of cellular and molecular medicine 22 30353654
2016 TBP loading by AF4 through SL1 is the major rate-limiting step in MLL fusion-dependent transcription. Cell cycle (Georgetown, Tex.) 22 27564129
2016 Biodegradation of phenanthrene by Rhizobium petrolearium SL-1. Journal of applied microbiology 19 27614183
1994 Physical mapping at 6q27 of the locus for the TATA box-binding protein, the DNA-binding subunit of TFIID and a component of SL1 and TFIIIB, strongly suggests that it is single copy in the human genome. Genomics 19 7959796
1994 The conserved core domain of the human TATA binding protein is sufficient to assemble the multisubunit RNA polymerase I-specific transcription factor SL1. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 19 8058785
2022 Ribosomal DNA promoter recognition is determined in vivo by cooperation between UBTF1 and SL1 and is compromised in the UBTF-E210K neuroregression syndrome. PLoS genetics 18 35139074
2022 The E3 Ubiquitin Ligase Gene Sl1 Is Critical for Cadmium Tolerance in Solanum lycopersicum L. Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) 18 35326106
2005 Conformational pathway for the kissing complex-->extended dimer transition of the SL1 stem-loop from genomic HIV-1 RNA as monitored by targeted molecular dynamics techniques. Journal of molecular biology 18 16023135
2012 Cis-acting element (SL1) of Potato virus X controls viral movement by interacting with the NbMPB2Cb and viral proteins. Virology 17 22405626
1999 Alterations in the conserved SL1 trans-spliced leader of Caenorhabditis elegans demonstrate flexibility in length and sequence requirements in vivo. Molecular and cellular biology 17 10022876
2006 The SL1-SL2 (stem-loop) domain is the primary determinant for stability of the gamma retroviral genomic RNA dimer. The Journal of biological chemistry 16 16984912
2006 The SL1 stem-loop structure at the 5'-end of potato virus X RNA is required for efficient binding to host proteins and for viral infectivity. Molecules and cells 14 16511348
1997 The fundamental ribosomal RNA transcription initiation factor-IB (TIF-IB, SL1, factor D) binds to the rRNA core promoter primarily by minor groove contacts. The Journal of biological chemistry 14 9361004
1995 Determination of the folding topology of the SL1 RNA from Caenorhabditis elegans by multidimensional heteronuclear NMR. Journal of molecular biology 14 7563053
1991 Chain formation and de-chaining in Streptococcus sobrinus SL-1. Oral microbiology and immunology 14 1820572
1980 Partial purification and properties of a mannofructokinase from Streptococcus mutans SL-1. Infection and immunity 13 6254885
2002 HIV-1(Lai) genomic RNA: combined used of NMR and molecular dynamics simulation for studying the structure and internal dynamics of a mutated SL1 hairpin. European biophysics journal : EBJ 12 12451421
2011 Toxicity and differential protein analysis following destruxin A treatment of Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) SL-1 cells. Toxicon : official journal of the International Society on Toxinology 11 21718714
2004 On the stability of different experimental dimeric structures of the SL1 sequence from the genomic RNA of HIV-1 in solution: a molecular dynamics simulation and electrophoresis study. Biopolymers 11 15150793
2023 NMR 1H,19F-based screening of the four stem-looped structure 5_SL1-SL4 located in the 5'-untranslated region of SARS-CoV 2 RNA. RSC medicinal chemistry 10 38283228
2014 Reconstitution of human rRNA gene transcription in mouse cells by a complete SL1 complex. Journal of cell science 10 24928901
1998 A novel transcription initiation factor (TIF), TIF-IE, is required for homogeneous Acanthamoeba castellanii TIF-IB (SL1) to form a committed complex. The Journal of biological chemistry 10 9765308
1980 Partial purification and properties of a specific glucokinase from Streptococcus mutans SL-1. Biochimica et biophysica acta 10 7357011
2017 PDIM and SL1 accumulation in Mycobacterium tuberculosis is associated with mce4A expression. Gene 9 28988960
2016 SL1 revisited: functional analysis of the structure and conformation of HIV-1 genome RNA. Retrovirology 9 27835956
2014 The cytotoxicology of momordicins I and II on Spodoptera litura cultured cell line SL-1. Pesticide biochemistry and physiology 8 26071815
1994 Yeast TBP can replace its human homologue in the RNA polymerase I-specific multisubunit factor SL1. Journal of molecular biology 8 7966304
2022 A novel, essential trans-splicing protein connects the nematode SL1 snRNP to the CBC-ARS2 complex. Nucleic acids research 7 35736244
2015 Elevated sL1-CAM levels in BALF and serum of IPF patients. Respirology (Carlton, Vic.) 7 26610737
2007 Molecular dynamics simulation for probing the flexibility of the 35 nucleotide SL1 sequence kissing complex from HIV-1Lai genomic RNA. Journal of biomolecular structure & dynamics 7 17313192
2000 Genomic localization of the human genes TAF1A, TAF1B and TAF1C, encoding TAF(I)48, TAF(I)63 and TAF(I)110 subunits of class I general transcription initiation factor SL1. Cytogenetics and cell genetics 7 10894955
2023 The Synergic Effect of Gut-Derived Probiotic Bacillus cereus SL1 And Ocimum sanctum on Growth, Intestinal Histopathology, Innate Immunity, and Expression of Enzymatic Antioxidant Genes in Fish, Cirrhinus mrigala (Hamilton, 1822). Probiotics and antimicrobial proteins 6 37658190
2021 1H, 13C and 15N assignment of stem-loop SL1 from the 5'-UTR of SARS-CoV-2. Biomolecular NMR assignments 6 34453696
2019 Heterodera glycines utilizes promiscuous spliced leaders and demonstrates a unique preference for a species-specific spliced leader over C. elegans SL1. Scientific reports 6 30718603
2017 Cytotoxicity of chemical constituents from Torricellia tiliifolia DC. on Spodoptera litura (SL-1) cells. Pesticide biochemistry and physiology 6 29463404
2004 Base pairing at the stem-loop junction in the SL1 kissing complex of HIV-1 RNA: a thermodynamic study probed by molecular dynamics simulation. Journal of biomolecular structure & dynamics 5 15107005
2022 Spliceosomal SL1 RNA binding to U1-70K: the role of the extended RRM. Nucleic acids research 4 35876068
2001 Modeling the dynamics of a mutated stem-loop in the SL1 domain of HIV-1Lai genomic RNA by 1H-NOESY spectra. Journal of biomolecular NMR 4 11563557
1997 Characteristics of nucleotide sequences flanking the trans-spliced leader SL1 exon in Dirofilaria immitis, Brugia malayi, and Brugia pahangi. The Journal of veterinary medical science 4 9450246
2024 Changes of MRGs and ARGs in Acinetobacter sp. SL-1 used for treatment of Cr(VI)-contaminated wastewater with waste molasses as carbon source. The Science of the total environment 3 38340823
2023 TAF1B depletion leads to apoptotic cell death by inducing nucleolar stress and activating p53-miR-101 circuit in hepatocellular carcinoma. Frontiers in oncology 3 37645431
2003 Modeling the dynamics of the solvated SL1 domain of HIV-1 genomic RNA. Biopolymers 3 12717718
1995 Mechanical and electrophysiological effects of a hydroxyphenyl-substituted tetrahydroisoquinoline, SL-1, on isolated rat cardiac tissues. Canadian journal of physiology and pharmacology 3 8789420
2025 M. tuberculosis surface sulfoglycolipid SL-1 activates the mechanosensitive channel TRPV4 to enhance lysosomal biogenesis and exocytosis in macrophages. Molecular biology of the cell 2 40305098
2008 Insight into the intrinsic flexibility of the SL1 stem-loop from genomic RNA of HIV-1 as probed by molecular dynamics simulation. Biopolymers 2 18008323
2001 Solution structure of the SL1 RNA of the M1 double-stranded RNA virus of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Biophysical journal 2 11259308
2025 Preclinical Evaluation of 68Ga-Labeled SL1 Aptamer for c-Met Targeted PET Imaging. Molecular pharmaceutics 1 39930702
2025 In Vitro Antiviral Activity of a Silydianin-Rich Extract from Silybum marianum Seeds Against Four Strains of Enteroviruses: EV71, Coxsackievirus B2, Coxsackievirus A10, and Poliovirus SL-1 and Its Impact on Improving Delayed Gastric Emptying in Mice. Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) 1 40001439
2025 Mycobacterium tuberculosis sulfolipid-1 (Sl-1) increases the excitability of mouse and human TRPV1-positive sensory neurons in a YM254890-reversible fashion. bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology 1 40666927
1975 Invertase in cell-free culture fluids of Streptococcus mutans strain SL-1. Experientia 1 1213052
2026 Interacting with GUN1 and MORF2, SL1 modulates plastid RNA editing during norflurazon-induced retrograde signaling. Plant physiology 0 41995017
2025 The impact of the novel σ1 receptor ligand (S)-L1 on brain endothelial cells and cerebrovascular reactivity challenged by ischemia. European journal of pharmacology 0 40348322
2025 Targeting the SARS-CoV-2 RNA Translation Initiation Element SL1 by Molecules of Low Molecular Weight. Journal of the American Chemical Society 0 40758647
2023 Inhibition of TAF1B impairs ribosome biosynthesis and suppresses cell proliferation in stomach adenocarcinoma through promoting c-MYC mRNA degradation. Heliyon 0 38169774