Affinage

UBTF

Nucleolar transcription factor 1 · UniProt P17480

Length
764 aa
Mass
89.4 kDa
Annotated
2026-06-10
100 papers in source corpus 54 papers cited in narrative 54 extracted findings
Cross-family judge vs UniProt: Affinage preferred faithfulness: 10/10 claims corpus-supported (100%)

Mechanistic narrative

Synthesis pass · prose summary of the discoveries below

UBTF (UBF) is an architectural HMG-box DNA-binding protein that activates RNA Polymerase I transcription of ribosomal RNA genes and organizes the chromatin of nucleolar organizer regions (PMID:3413483, PMID:11756560). Purified UBF binds both the UCE and core elements of the rDNA promoter and cooperatively recruits the SL1/TBP-TAFI complex through its C-terminal activation domain, forming a protein-DNA complex required for transcriptional activation (PMID:3413483, PMID:10082553). Rather than facilitating pre-initiation complex recruitment, UBF stimulates the transition from initiation to elongation at the promoter-escape step (PMID:16858408) and relieves repression by negative-acting factors including histone H1 and Ku (PMID:1502143, PMID:8502546). Its HMG boxes contact the DNA minor groove with little sequence specificity (PMID:8041627), allowing UBF dimers to bend DNA ~175° and assemble phased hemi-enhancesome loops into a higher-order enhancesome structure (PMID:11470882). UBF binding extends across the entire rDNA repeat, and UBF levels set the number of transcriptionally active rRNA gene copies by antagonizing H1-mediated silent chromatin assembly (PMID:11756560, PMID:19103806). UBF also physically associates with Pol I and its accessory factor PAF53 to integrate the polymerase into the transcription apparatus (PMID:8306961, PMID:8641287). UBF activity is governed by extensive post-translational control: stimulatory phosphorylation by CK2, CDK4/cyclin D1 and CDK2/cyclin E/A (Ser484, Ser388), S6K1 downstream of mTOR, and PKCι (Ser412), versus ERK phosphorylation within HMG boxes 1 and 2 that unfolds the enhancesome to regulate elongation (PMID:10202152, PMID:11698641, PMID:14612424, PMID:32350115, PMID:11741541, PMID:16507361); and by an acetylation–deacetylation switch in which CBP and HDAC1/Rb compete, alongside repressive ESET-mediated trimethylation and Rb/p130 binding that blocks UBF-SL1 contact (PMID:11106745, PMID:24234436, PMID:11042686). Two splice isoforms, UBF1 and UBF2, differ in HMG box 2: UBF1 is the potent Pol I activator that, with the SL1 TAF1B subunit, confers rDNA promoter specificity, while UBF2 cannot bend DNA but binds and regulates highly expressed Pol II genes such as histone clusters to maintain genome stability (PMID:8313887, PMID:35139074, PMID:25452314, PMID:18676449). UBF deletion disassembles nucleoli and arrests early embryogenesis, and its loss triggers p53-independent apoptosis selectively in transformed cells (PMID:27614293, PMID:26317157). Gain-of-function alterations—the de novo p.Glu210Lys variant causing childhood-onset neurodegeneration and exon-13 tandem duplications in leukemia—produce aberrant chromatin occupancy and disease (PMID:28777933, PMID:37890156).

Mechanistic history

Synthesis pass · year-by-year structured walk · 28 steps
  1. 1988 High

    Established UBF as a sequence-specific activator of Pol I transcription that works through cooperative recruitment of the SL1 promoter-selectivity factor, defining the founding model of rDNA activation.

    Evidence In vitro transcription reconstitution and DNase I footprinting with purified UBF1

    PMID:3413483

    Open questions at the time
    • Did not resolve which step of the transcription cycle UBF stimulates
    • Mechanism of cooperative complex formation with SL1 not defined structurally
  2. 1991 High

    Resolved that UBF exists as two alternatively spliced isoforms differing in HMG box 2, raising the question of whether the isoforms are functionally distinct.

    Evidence cDNA cloning, PCR, and probe protection in vertebrate cells

    PMID:2014238

    Open questions at the time
    • Functional difference between UBF1 and UBF2 not yet tested
    • Did not address isoform-specific binding or activity
  3. 1991 High

    Identified UBF as the NOR-90 autoantigen that stays bound to nucleolar organizer regions through mitosis, implying a constitutive structural role beyond active transcription.

    Evidence cDNA cloning, immunoprecipitation, and mitotic immunofluorescence

    PMID:1940801

    Open questions at the time
    • Functional consequence of mitotic NOR retention unclear
    • Did not distinguish active from inactive gene binding
  4. 1992 High

    Showed UBF acts as an antirepressor relieving inhibition by histone H1 and competing negative factors, and that its activity depends on serine phosphorylation regulated by growth signals.

    Evidence Reconstituted in vitro transcription, in vivo 32P labeling, and serum-deprivation experiments

    PMID:1502143 PMID:1730600

    Open questions at the time
    • Specific kinases and phosphosites not identified
    • Mechanism of H1 antagonism at chromatin level not defined
  5. 1992 Medium

    Defined the structural basis of UBF self-association and DNA binding, localizing dimerization to the N-terminus and isoform differences to HMG box 2.

    Evidence Glutaraldehyde cross-linking, overlay, and Southwestern assays with recombinant proteins

    PMID:1561086

    Open questions at the time
    • Single-lab biochemistry without structural confirmation
    • Functional consequence of heterodimerization not established
  6. 1994 High

    Characterized UBF DNA-binding mode as minor-groove, sequence-tolerant, and structure-selective (cruciform/bent DNA), and showed UBF1 is a far stronger activator than UBF2 with HMG box 4 dictating species specificity.

    Evidence Methylation interference, four-way junction and cruciform binding, hybrid-UBF in vitro transcription

    PMID:8041627 PMID:8313887 PMID:8524646

    Open questions at the time
    • How structure-selective binding translates to in vivo enhancesome geometry unresolved
    • Basis of UBF2 functional weakness mechanistically incomplete
  7. 1994 High

    Demonstrated that UBF physically engages Pol I through its HMG boxes via a conserved polymerase-specific subunit, and that PAF53 bridges this interaction during initiation.

    Evidence Immunoprecipitation, glycerol gradient, affinity chromatography, and Far-Western/GST pulldown

    PMID:8306961 PMID:8641287

    Open questions at the time
    • Stoichiometry of the UBF-Pol I-PAF53 assembly not defined
    • How this contact promotes a specific transcription step not yet addressed
  8. 1995 High

    Identified Rb as a direct UBF repressor and established that multisite phosphorylation, including CK2 sites, is required to render UBF transcriptionally active, linking growth and tumor-suppressor signaling to rDNA output.

    Evidence In vitro transcription with recombinant UBF, phosphopeptide mapping, Rb affinity chromatography and co-IP

    PMID:7651819 PMID:7877691

    Open questions at the time
    • Precise step Rb blocks not yet defined
    • Individual growth-dependent kinase identities pending
  9. 1999 High

    Mapped cell-cycle control of UBF to CDK4/cyclin D1 and CDK2/cyclin E phosphorylation of Ser484, and to mitotic inactivation/G1 reactivation, coupling Pol I output to cell-cycle progression.

    Evidence Phosphopeptide mapping, Ser484 mutagenesis, in vitro kinase and synchronized-extract transcription assays

    PMID:10202152 PMID:10339547

    Open questions at the time
    • Mitotic kinase responsible not pinpointed
    • Relationship between Ser484 and the UBF-SL1 contact not yet integrated
  10. 1999 High

    Showed the UBF C-terminal activation domain directly contacts SL1 in a phosphorylation-dependent manner, providing the molecular basis for how growth signals gate enhancesome-SL1 coupling.

    Evidence Deletion mapping, phosphatase treatment, footprinting, and in vitro transcription including an SV40 large T-associated kinase

    PMID:10082545 PMID:10082553

    Open questions at the time
    • Physiological kinase generating this modification not fully resolved
    • Contact interface on SL1 not structurally defined
  11. 2000 High

    Defined opposing post-translational switches: Rb/p130 block UBF-SL1 contact without affecting DNA binding, while CBP acetylation derepresses transcription, establishing an acetylation–deacetylation regulatory hub.

    Evidence Co-IP, band-shift, in vitro and in vivo acetylation, and reconstituted transcription

    PMID:11042686 PMID:11106745

    Open questions at the time
    • UBF acetylation sites not mapped
    • How acetylation status feeds into the SL1 contact vs Pol I contact not separated
  12. 2001 High

    Resolved the enhancesome architecture (paired hemi-enhancesomes bending DNA ~175°) and showed ERK phosphorylation within HMG boxes 1/2 disrupts DNA contact, while CDK2-mediated Ser388 phosphorylation enables UBF-Pol I interaction.

    Evidence Insertion/deletion mutagenesis, electron microscopy, ERK and CDK2 site mutagenesis, transcription run-on

    PMID:11470882 PMID:11698641 PMID:11741541

    Open questions at the time
    • How antagonistic phosphorylation events are temporally coordinated unclear
    • ERK-induced unfolding not yet linked to a specific transcription step
  13. 2002 High

    Demonstrated by ChIP that UBF coats the entire rDNA repeat rather than only regulatory sequences, cementing a structural role at active NORs, and identified TAF1 as a direct UBF partner.

    Evidence ChIP from nucleolar chromatin across species, yeast two-hybrid, co-IP, and in vitro transcription

    PMID:11756560 PMID:12498690

    Open questions at the time
    • Functional consequence of genome-wide rDNA coverage not directly tested here
    • TAF1-UBF interplay with SL1 not integrated
  14. 2003 High

    Placed UBF downstream of mTOR signaling, showing S6K1 phosphorylates the UBF activation domain to maintain SL1 association, providing the nutrient-sensing link to ribosome biogenesis.

    Evidence Rapamycin treatment, S6K1 mutants, and rescue with purified phosphorylated vs hypophosphorylated UBF

    PMID:14612424

    Open questions at the time
    • Exact S6K1 target residues not pinpointed
    • Crosstalk with CK2/ERK phosphorylation not resolved
  15. 2003 Medium

    Revealed an unexpected Pol II role: UBF2 partners with LEF-1/β-catenin to potentiate Pol II promoter activity, broadening UBF function beyond rDNA.

    Evidence Functional screen, co-IP, reporter assays, and siRNA knockdown

    PMID:12748295

    Open questions at the time
    • Genome-wide Pol II targets not yet defined
    • Mechanism of UBF2 action at Pol II promoters unclear
  16. 2004 High

    Showed UBF chromatin arrays alone are sufficient to nucleate pseudo-NORs that sequester the entire Pol I machinery independent of transcription, establishing UBF as the primary determinant of NOR identity.

    Evidence Ectopic chromosomal integration of UBF-binding arrays with immunofluorescence and ChIP; also c-MYC/MAD1 epistasis at the UBF gene

    PMID:15282543 PMID:15598984

    Open questions at the time
    • Minimal protein interactions needed for sequestration not dissected
    • Relationship between pseudo-NOR and functional rRNA synthesis not addressed
  17. 2006 High

    Reframed UBF as an elongation/promoter-escape regulator rather than a PIC-recruitment factor, with ERK phosphorylation remodeling rDNA chromatin to control elongation rate.

    Evidence Reconstituted transcription with PIC stabilization assays, Pol I engagement and elongation-rate measurements, electron spectroscopic imaging of enhancesome unfolding

    PMID:16507361 PMID:16533045 PMID:16582105 PMID:16858408 PMID:16971462

    Open questions at the time
    • How promoter-escape stimulation reconciles with genome-wide rDNA coating not fully resolved
    • Acetylation/CK2 inputs to escape vs reinitiation not separated
  18. 2008 High

    Established UBF as the dosage-dependent determinant of active rRNA gene copy number, with depletion driving H1-induced, methylation-independent silencing reversible by ERK-site mutation; defined UBF1 vs UBF2 contributions to chromatin folding and ERK responsiveness.

    Evidence Conditional UBF depletion/overexpression with H1 and methylation ChIP, ERK-site mutagenesis, and isoform DNA-bending/elongation assays

    PMID:18676449 PMID:19103806

    Open questions at the time
    • How UBF level is read out into a binary active/silent gene state not mechanistically resolved
    • Compensatory transcription-rate increase mechanism unclear
  19. 2010 Medium

    Connected UBF to nucleolar factor recruitment, showing it directs B23/nucleophosmin to rDNA chromatin and is acetylated by the t-UTP hALP to promote PAF53/Pol I association.

    Evidence siRNA knockdown with chromatin readouts, co-IP, GST pulldown, and acetylation assays

    PMID:20713446 PMID:21177859

    Open questions at the time
    • Single-lab studies without structural detail
    • Hierarchy of recruitment events not fully ordered
  20. 2013 High

    Identified repressive UBF modifications, ESET-mediated trimethylation at Lys232/254 condensing nucleolar chromatin, and a transcription-independent PIP2-UBF structural association.

    Evidence In vitro methylation, lysine mutagenesis with rescue, atomic force microscopy, shRNA knockdown, and PIP2 co-IP/colocalization

    PMID:24234436 PMID:24513678

    Open questions at the time
    • PIP2-UBF functional role remains correlative
    • How methylation and acetylation switches are coordinated unclear
  21. 2014 High

    Demonstrated a genome-stability function: UBTF (especially UBTF2) binds and maintains accessible chromatin at highly expressed Pol II genes such as histone clusters, with depletion causing genomic instability independent of Pol I.

    Evidence ChIP-seq, expression arrays, siRNA depletion, MNase accessibility, and DNA-damage markers

    PMID:25452314

    Open questions at the time
    • How UBTF2 selects Pol II target genes not defined
    • Mechanistic link from chromatin accessibility to genome stability incomplete
  22. 2015 High

    Showed UBF is essential for proliferation and is a selective vulnerability of transformed cells, where its deletion or cisplatin-induced displacement triggers p53-independent apoptosis.

    Evidence Conditional Cre/lox deletion across transformed cell lines including p53-null, cisplatin treatment with UBF ChIP, and apoptosis assays

    PMID:26317157

    Open questions at the time
    • Apoptotic effector pathway downstream of UBF loss not defined
    • Basis of transformed-cell selectivity unclear
  23. 2016 High

    Established UBF as required for nucleolar assembly and early embryogenesis, with its loss disassembling nucleoli, collapsing rRNA genes to centromere-proximal sites, and arresting embryos at the fourth cleavage.

    Evidence Conditional gene disruption in mice with FISH and immunofluorescence

    PMID:27614293

    Open questions at the time
    • Sequence of events from UBF loss to nucleolar disassembly not fully ordered
    • Whether arrest reflects transcriptional or structural failure not separated
  24. 2017 High

    Defined the architecture of the functional rRNA gene unit, showing UBF drives PIC formation independently of transcription and that CTCF/cohesin Enhancer Boundary Complexes persist across gene activity states.

    Evidence Conditional UBF and Rrn3 inactivation with high-resolution ChIP-seq

    PMID:28715449

    Open questions at the time
    • Interplay between UBF occupancy and boundary complex maintenance not mechanistically resolved
    • How transcription-independent PIC formation is regulated unclear
  25. 2017 Medium

    Linked UBF directly to human disease, identifying a de novo gain-of-function p.Glu210Lys variant causing increased rDNA occupancy, elevated rRNA, nucleolar changes, and childhood-onset neurodegeneration.

    Evidence ChIP, rRNA expression, and nucleolar immunofluorescence in patient fibroblasts, with cross-organism modeling

    PMID:28777933 PMID:29300972

    Open questions at the time
    • Mechanism connecting hyperactive UBF to neuronal vulnerability unresolved
    • Discrepancy between severe Drosophila lethality and mild mouse phenotype unexplained
  26. 2019 Medium

    Identified β-dystroglycan ICD as a nucleolar UBF regulator coupling nucleolar stress to UBF mislocalization and suppressed rRNA synthesis.

    Evidence Co-IP, immunofluorescence, rDNA ChIP, and rRNA expression with siRNA knockdown

    PMID:30814495

    Open questions at the time
    • Single-lab study; physiological relevance of the interaction untested in vivo
    • Stress-signaling input to ICD cleavage not fully defined
  27. 2020 High

    Defined an oncogenic phosphorylation event, PKCι phosphorylation of UBF1 Ser412 that creates a docking site for the ECT2 BRCT domain to drive rRNA synthesis and transformed growth in lung cancer.

    Evidence MS-based phosphosite mapping, ECT2 and kinase mutagenesis, and shRNA knockdown/reconstitution with rRNA measurement

    PMID:32350115

    Open questions at the time
    • How the UBF1-ECT2 complex mechanistically elevates rRNA synthesis not detailed
    • Generality beyond NSCLC not established
  28. 2022 High

    Resolved how isoform-SL1 cooperation generates rDNA promoter specificity and how leukemogenic tandem duplications redirect UBTF to ectopic oncogenic loci.

    Evidence Conditional TAF1B deletion with UBTF1/SL1 ChIP-seq, and UBTF-TD ChIP-seq with protein degradation and menin-inhibitor treatment in leukemia models

    PMID:35139074 PMID:37890156

    Open questions at the time
    • How TD acquires affinity for HOXA/HOXB/MEIS1 loci not structurally defined
    • Whether ectopic occupancy reflects altered DNA-binding or partner recruitment unclear

Open questions

Synthesis pass · forward-looking unresolved questions
  • How the many antagonistic UBF modifications (CK2, CDK, ERK, S6K1, PKCι phosphorylation; CBP acetylation; ESET methylation) are integrated in real time to set enhancesome state, promoter escape, and active gene number remains unresolved, as does the structural basis by which gain-of-function variants reprogram genomic occupancy.
  • No integrated model coordinating the multiple PTM switches
  • No high-resolution structure of the UBF enhancesome on rDNA
  • Mechanism by which E210K and exon-13 duplication alter target selection unknown

Mechanism profile

Synthesis pass · controlled-vocabulary classification · explore literature graph →
Molecular activity
GO:0003677 DNA binding 5 GO:0140110 transcription regulator activity 5 GO:0005198 structural molecule activity 4 GO:0060090 molecular adaptor activity 3 GO:0003723 RNA binding 1
Localization
GO:0005694 chromosome 4 GO:0005730 nucleolus 4 GO:0005634 nucleus 3
Pathway
R-HSA-74160 Gene expression (Transcription) 5 R-HSA-162582 Signal Transduction 4 R-HSA-1640170 Cell Cycle 4 R-HSA-1643685 Disease 3 R-HSA-4839726 Chromatin organization 3 R-HSA-1852241 Organelle biogenesis and maintenance 2
Partners
B23/NPM1CBPECT2LEF1PAF53RB1RNA POL ISL1/TAF1B
Complex memberships
nucleolar organizer region (NOR)rDNA enhancesome

Evidence

Reading pass · 54 per-paper findings extracted from the source corpus
Year Finding Method Journal Conf PMIDs
1988 UBF1 (purified to homogeneity) binds both the UCE and core elements of the human rDNA promoter and activates RNA pol I transcription through direct protein-protein interactions with SL1; cooperative UBF1-SL1 interaction forms a new protein-DNA complex at the promoter that is required for transcriptional activation. In vitro transcription reconstitution, DNase I footprinting, protein purification Science High 3413483
1991 Two forms of UBF (UBF1 and UBF2) exist, arising from alternative splicing that deletes 37 amino acids from HMG box 2 of UBF2; both forms are expressed in vertebrate cells. cDNA cloning, polymerase chain reaction, probe protection assay, SDS-PAGE PNAS High 2014238
1991 Human NOR-90 autoantigen is identical to hUBF; anti-NOR-90 antibodies immunoprecipitate both forms of hUBF, and UBF remains bound to NOR during mitosis even when rRNA synthesis is minimal. cDNA cloning/immunoprecipitation, immunofluorescence Journal of Experimental Medicine High 1940801
1992 UBF stimulates rDNA transcription by relieving inhibition from a negative-acting factor in the polymerase fraction that competes for TIF-IB binding; UBF also counteracts histone H1-mediated repression of pol I transcription, acting as an antirepressor. Reconstituted in vitro transcription with partially purified factors, template commitment experiments PNAS High 1502143
1992 UBF1 and UBF2 are phosphorylated on serine residues in vivo; serum deprivation reduces UBF phosphorylation ~80% without changing UBF protein levels; dephosphorylated UBF has reduced ability to rescue Pol I transcription in vitro; serum deprivation causes redistribution of UBF from nucleolus. In vivo 32P labeling, phosphoamino acid analysis, Western blotting, in vitro transcription, immunofluorescence Journal of Biological Chemistry High 1730600
1992 UBF1 and UBF2 form homodimers and heterodimers; the N-terminal 102 amino acids are important for both DNA binding and dimerization; the HMG box 2 region (present in UBF1 but partially deleted in UBF2) contributes to dimerization and DNA binding differences between isoforms. Glutaraldehyde cross-linking, overlay assays, Southwestern blotting with recombinant forms Nucleic Acids Research Medium 1561086
1993 UBF relieves repression of rDNA transcription by the Ku antigen (a 75/90 kDa heterodimer); anti-Ku antibodies precipitate the repressor activity; Ku binds the rDNA promoter specifically as shown by EMSA and DNase footprinting. Protein purification, UV-crosslinking, EMSA, DNase footprinting, antibody precipitation of repressor activity Nucleic Acids Research Medium 8502546
1993 UBF is associated with both transcriptionally active and inactive rRNA genes throughout the cell cycle; in interphase it localizes exclusively to the nucleolus in necklace-like structures; it remains at chromosomal NOR during mitosis. Immunofluorescence, electron microscopy, actinomycin D treatment, nutritional starvation experiments Chromosoma Medium 8306821
1994 UBF HMG boxes interact with the minor groove of DNA; UBF is sequence-tolerant (no consensus binding sequence required); UBF can bind RNA (tRNA) as well as DNA; UBF binds synthetic cruciform DNA. Methylation interference assays, selection for optimal binding sequences, minor-groove drug competition, cruciform DNA binding assays Nucleic Acids Research Medium 8041627
1994 UBF physically associates with RNA Pol I through its HMG boxes; UBF interacts specifically with a single Pol I-specific subunit (62 kDa in mouse); this interaction is conserved with yeast Pol I (binding the 34.5 kDa subunit). Immunoprecipitation, glycerol gradient sedimentation, affinity chromatography, protein blotting, mutational analysis EMBO Journal High 8306961
1994 UBF1 and UBF2 differ functionally: UBF1 is a potent transcriptional activator and antirepressor, while UBF2's activity is at least 10-fold lower; the intact HMG box 2 (present only in UBF1) determines sequence-specific binding to rDNA control elements and is responsible for the functional difference; both isoforms bind four-way junction DNA. In vitro transcription, four-way junction DNA binding, deletion/mutagenesis analysis, in vivo transcription assays EMBO Journal High 8313887
1995 Rb protein directly inhibits UBF activity in vitro; Rb interacts with UBF as shown by affinity chromatography and immunoprecipitation; Rb accumulates in nucleoli of differentiated cells concomitant with rDNA transcription inhibition; Rb repression requires a functional Rb pocket domain. In vitro transcription, affinity chromatography, immunoprecipitation, in vivo Rb localization studies Nature High 7877691
1995 UBF must be phosphorylated at multiple sites (including casein kinase II sites in the C-terminal domain) to stimulate transcription; unphosphorylated recombinant UBF is transcriptionally inactive; CKII-mediated phosphorylation contributes to but is not sufficient for activation; additional growth-dependent kinases phosphorylate UBF at distinct sites. In vitro transcription with recombinant E. coli-expressed UBF, site-directed mutagenesis, tryptic phosphopeptide mapping Nucleic Acids Research High 7651819
1995 HMG box 4 of UBF is the principal determinant of species specificity in Pol I transcription; adding human HMG box 4 to Xenopus UBF converts it to function in human Pol I transcription, and deleting HMG box 4 from hUBF converts it to function in Xenopus transcription. Hybrid UBF molecules, in vitro transcription, deletion/addition mutagenesis Nucleic Acids Research High 8524646
1996 PAF53 (RNA pol I-associated factor) interacts with UBF in vitro as shown by Far-Western blotting and GST pulldown; PAF53 is required for accurate initiation from the rRNA promoter; PAF53 is proposed to mediate interaction between Pol I and UBF in initiation complex formation. Far-Western blotting, GST pulldown, anti-PAF53 antibody transcription inhibition assay EMBO Journal Medium 8641287
1996 Overexpression of UBF1 alone is sufficient to increase rDNA transcription 3-5 fold in neonatal cardiomyocytes, establishing UBF as a rate-limiting activator of Pol I transcription in cardiac cells. Cotransfection of UBF1 expression vector with rDNA reporter construct, Western blot confirmation of expression PNAS Medium 8710943
1999 UBF is phosphorylated by G1-specific cdk4/cyclin D1 and cdk2/cyclin E complexes at Ser484; mutation of Ser484 impairs rDNA transcription in vivo and in vitro; UBF activity increases during G1 progression concomitant with onset of Pol I transcription. Tryptic phosphopeptide mapping, site-directed mutagenesis, in vitro kinase assays, in vivo and in vitro transcription EMBO Journal High 10202152
1999 UBF is inactivated during mitosis by phosphorylation and reactivated by dephosphorylation during G1 (with different kinetics from TIF-IB/SL1); repression of Pol I transcription in mitosis and early G1 can be reproduced with M- or G1-phase extracts or with purified TIF-IB and UBF isolated in the presence of phosphatase inhibitors. Synchronized cell extracts, purified factor transcription assays, phosphatase inhibitor experiments PNAS Medium 10339547
1999 The carboxy-terminal activation domain of UBF directly contacts the TBP-TAFI complex SL1; phosphorylation of UBF is required for this interaction—dephosphorylation abolishes UBF-SL1 interaction and this can be rescued by nuclear extracts from growing cells. Protein-protein interaction assays with UBF deletion mutants, alkaline phosphatase treatment, DNase I footprinting, in vitro transcription Molecular and Cellular Biology High 10082553
1999 SV40 large T antigen-associated kinase phosphorylates the carboxy-terminal activation domain of UBF, promoting formation of a stable UBF-SL1 complex and stimulating Pol I transcription; this rescues the transcriptional defect of dephosphorylated UBF. Cell labeling, in vitro kinase assay, in vitro transcription reconstitution Molecular and Cellular Biology Medium 10082545
2000 Rb directly interacts with UBF and blocks UBF-SL1 interaction (using the 48 kDa SL1 subunit as marker), without inhibiting UBF DNA binding; p130 (but not p107) also forms a complex with UBF and represses rDNA transcription. DNase footprinting, band-shift assays, co-immunoprecipitation, in vitro transcription Oncogene High 11042686
2000 CBP acetyltransferase is recruited to and acetylates UBF both in vitro and in vivo; CBP activates Pol I transcription through its acetyltransferase domain; acetylation of UBF facilitates transcription derepression; Rb-HDAC and CBP competitively recruit to UBF, creating an acetylation-deacetylation switch that regulates Pol I transcription. In vitro acetylation assay, in vivo co-immunoprecipitation, in vitro transcription with acetylated/deacetylated UBF, in vivo transcription assays Molecular Cell High 11106745
2001 UBF two monomers induce hemi-enhancesomes bending DNA ~175°; a UBF dimer creates a full enhancesome with two precisely phased hemi-enhancesomes; HMG boxes 1 and 2 of UBF lie head-to-head along the DNA; insertion/deletion mutations in the linker between the dimerization domain and HMG box 1 prevent DNA looping. Insertion/deletion mutagenesis, electron microscopy, DNA bending analysis Nucleic Acids Research Medium 11470882
2001 ERK1/2 phosphorylates UBF at amino acids 117 and 201 within HMG boxes 1 and 2, preventing their interaction with DNA; this phosphorylation is required for EGF-induced activation of ribosomal transcription; mutation of ERK sites inhibits transcription activation and abolishes the transcriptional response to ERK. In vitro ERK kinase assay, site-directed mutagenesis, endogenous transcription run-on, ERK1/2 inhibition/activation experiments Molecular Cell High 11741541
2001 Phosphorylation of UBF at Ser388 by cdk2/cyclin E and cdk2/cyclin A is required for interaction between UBF and RNA polymerase I; conversion of Ser388 to glycine abolishes UBF activity; substitution with aspartate (phospho-mimic) enhances transactivating function. Site-directed mutagenesis, protein-protein interaction assays, in vivo and in vitro transcription PNAS High 11698641
2002 UBF binding in vivo extends across the entire intergenic spacer and transcribed region of rDNA repeats (not restricted to regulatory sequences), consistent with a structural role at active NORs; this was demonstrated in Xenopus, human, and mouse rDNA. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) from nucleolar chromatin fraction Molecular and Cellular Biology High 11756560
2002 TAF1 binds UBF directly (confirmed by co-immunoprecipitation and protein-protein interaction assays); TAF1 colocalizes with UBF in the nucleolus; TAF1 stimulates Pol I transcription in a dosage-dependent manner. Yeast two-hybrid, co-immunoprecipitation, confocal microscopy, cell fractionation, cotransfection, in vitro transcription Current Biology Medium 12498690
2003 mTOR regulates rDNA transcription via S6K1-mediated phosphorylation of the C-terminal activation domain of UBF; rapamycin causes rapid dephosphorylation of UBF and reduces its ability to associate with SL-1; constitutively active, rapamycin-insensitive S6K1 rescues rapamycin repression; purified phosphorylated UBF (but not hypophosphorylated UBF) rescues rapamycin-mediated repression. Rapamycin treatment, dominant-negative/constitutively active S6K1 expression, UBF phosphorylation analysis, SL-1 association assays, in vitro transcription rescue Molecular and Cellular Biology High 14612424
2003 UBF2 associates with LEF-1 (confirmed by co-immunoprecipitation) and potentiates transcriptional activation by LEF-1/β-catenin from Pol II promoters; both UBF1 and UBF2 can activate RNA pol II-regulated promoters; UBF RNAi reduces β-catenin-LEF/TCF-responsive transcription. Functional screen, co-immunoprecipitation, co-transfection reporter assays, siRNA knockdown Molecular and Cellular Biology Medium 12748295
2004 Large arrays of UBF-binding sequences integrated at ectopic chromosomal sites recruit UBF and form pseudo-NORs that sequester the entire Pol I transcription machinery through protein-protein interactions with UBF, independent of transcription, nucleoli, and underlying DNA sequence. Chromosomal integration of heterologous UBF-binding arrays, immunofluorescence, ChIP, metaphase chromosome analysis Genes & Development High 15598984
2004 c-MYC activates and MAD1 represses rDNA transcription; MAD1 represses rDNA transcription by directly interacting with the UBF promoter; UBF is required for c-MYC-induced rDNA transcription (shown by siRNA). Nuclear run-on assays, ChIP of MAD1 at UBF promoter, UBF siRNA knockdown, luciferase reporter assays EMBO Journal Medium 15282543
2006 ERK phosphorylation of UBF HMG boxes 1 and 2 decreases their affinity for linear rDNA but not for pre-bent DNA; ERK-site mutations prevent DNA looping characteristic of the enhancesome (confirmed by electron spectroscopic imaging); ERK phosphorylation cooperatively unfolds the enhancesome. Electron spectroscopic imaging, DNA bending/binding assays with ERK site mutants Biochemistry Medium 16533045
2006 EGF and serum stimulation of rRNA synthesis does not increase Pol I engagement (initiation), but directly increases transcription elongation rates; ERK phosphorylation of UBF HMG boxes regulates elongation by remodeling ribosomal gene chromatin. Pol I engagement assay, transcription elongation rate measurement, ERK inhibition, ChIP Molecular Cell High 16507361
2006 UBF activates Pol I transcription by stimulating promoter escape (the transition between initiation and elongation), not by facilitating recruitment or stabilization of the pre-initiation complex. Reconstituted in vitro transcription assays with defined components, PIC formation and stabilization assays EMBO Journal High 16858408
2006 CK2 co-immunoprecipitates with the Pol I complex and is associated with the rRNA gene promoter; CK2 phosphorylates specific serines in the C-terminus of UBF, counteracting inhibition by HMG boxes 5 and 6, thereby stabilizing UBF-SL1 interaction and promoting multiple rounds of Pol I transcription re-initiation. Co-immunoprecipitation, ChIP, in vitro kinase assay, immobilized-template transcription assay Nucleic Acids Research Medium 16971462
2006 UBF acetylation is cell cycle-dependent (acetylated in S-phase, not in G1); HDAC1 overexpression hypoacetylates UBF and reduces its interaction with PAF53/Pol I; acetylation of UBF augments its interaction with Pol I and is required for Pol I association with rDNA and pre-rRNA synthesis. Inducible HDAC1 overexpression, co-immunoprecipitation, pulldown assay, ChIP Nucleic Acids Research Medium 16582105
2007 Pseudo-NORs (artificial UBF-chromatin arrays) sequester t-UTPs and factors linking transcription with pre-rRNA modification (Nopp140 and Treacle) independent of transcription, underlying DNA sequence, and nucleolar location; recruitment is mediated by UBF-based chromatin structure. Pseudo-NOR cell lines, immunofluorescence, ChIP Genes & Development Medium 17699751
2008 UBF levels determine the number of active rRNA gene copies in mammals; UBF depletion causes stable, methylation-independent rDNA silencing by promoting histone H1-induced inactive chromatin assembly; silencing is abrogated by mutation of the ERK site in HMG box 1; remaining active genes increase their transcription rate to compensate; the active rDNA pool decreases during differentiation correlating with reduced UBF expression. Conditional UBF depletion/overexpression, ChIP for histone H1 and methylation marks, chromatin remodeling assays, site-directed mutagenesis of ERK site Journal of Cell Biology High 19103806
2008 UBF2, lacking 37 amino acids from HMG box 2, cannot bind bent DNA and hence cannot induce chromatin folding; UBF2 is less effective than UBF1 at arresting RNAPI elongation but more responsive to ERK phosphorylation, suggesting it tunes the growth factor response of ribosomal RNA genes. DNA bending/binding assays, transcription elongation assays, ERK phosphorylation experiments Nucleic Acids Research Medium 18676449
2009 Treacle recruits Pol I to the nucleolus independently of UBF; the treacle C-terminus is involved in UBF recruitment; knockdown of treacle disperses Pol I and UBF from the nucleolus, but treacle-Pol I interaction and treacle-rDNA promoter interaction are not disrupted by UBF depletion. siRNA knockdown, co-immunoprecipitation, ChIP Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications Medium 19527688
2010 hALP (a histone acetyltransferase t-UTP) binds UBF in vivo (by co-immunoprecipitation) and in vitro (GST pulldown), acetylates UBF in a HAT-dependent manner, and promotes nuclear translocation of PAF53 and association of UBF with PAF53, thereby activating Pol I transcription. Co-immunoprecipitation, GST pulldown, in vivo acetylation assays, PAF53 localization studies Journal of Biological Chemistry Medium 21177859
2010 Depletion of UBF decreases chromatin binding affinity of B23/nucleophosmin at rDNA, leading to increased histone density at r-chromatin; UBF and RNA binding activity of B23 jointly mediate site-specific targeting of B23 to rDNA chromatin. UBF siRNA knockdown, histone density measurement at r-chromatin, B23 chromatin binding assays Molecular and Cellular Biology Medium 20713446
2013 ESET (H3K9 methyltransferase) interacts with UBF and trimethylates UBF at Lys232/254; UBF trimethylation causes nucleolar chromatin condensation and decreased rDNA transcription; UBF K232/254A and K232/254R mutations restore rDNA transcription; ESET-ΔSET mutant and ESET knockdown reduce UBF trimethylation and restore transcription. Co-immunoprecipitation, in vitro methylation assay, ChIP, mutagenesis, atomic force microscopy, shRNA knockdown Nucleic Acids Research High 24234436
2013 PIP2 (phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate) associates with UBF and Pol I subunits in a transcription-independent manner throughout the cell cycle; PIP2-UBF colocalization persists during mitosis and after transcription inhibition, suggesting a structural role as anchor for the Pol I pre-initiation complex. Immunoprecipitation, immunofluorescence colocalization, transcription inhibition (actinomycin D, DRB), mitotic arrest Nucleus Medium 24513678
2014 UBTF1 and UBTF2 bind highly expressed Pol II-transcribed genes genome-wide (in addition to rDNA); UBTF1/2 is required for recruiting Pol II to histone gene clusters and for their optimal expression; UBTF depletion causes increased accessibility of histone promoters to MNase and DNA damage/genomic instability independent of Pol I transcription; UBTF2 (not active in Pol I transcription) is sufficient to regulate histone gene expression. ChIP-seq, expression array, siRNA depletion, MNase accessibility assay, DNA damage markers Genome Research High 25452314
2015 Cisplatin rapidly displaces UBF from ribosomal RNA genes and strongly inhibits ribosomal RNA synthesis; conditional gene deletion of UBF arrests cell proliferation and induces rapid, fully penetrant apoptosis specifically in oncogenically transformed cells in a p53-independent manner. Conditional gene deletion (Cre/lox), cisplatin treatment with UBF ChIP, apoptosis assays in multiple transformed cell lines, p53-null cells Oncotarget High 26317157
2016 Disruption of the UBF gene causes disassembly of somatic nucleoli with rRNA gene transcription factors accumulating in dense NPB-like foci; UBF deletion causes rRNA genes to collapse onto centromere-proximal sites; embryonic NPBs and surrounding heterochromatin are disrupted in UBF-null mouse embryos; UBF-null embryos arrest before completing the fourth cleavage division. Conditional gene disruption in mice, fluorescence microscopy, FISH, immunofluorescence Gene High 27614293
2017 Conditional inactivation of UBF (UBTF) shows that preinitiation complex formation at rDNA is driven by UBF independently of transcription; RPI termination and release corresponds with the TTF1 binding site; the Enhancer Boundary Complex (CTCF and Cohesin) flanks each functional rRNA gene and is maintained even after gene inactivation and re-establishment of repressive chromatin. Conditional UBF inactivation, conditional Rrn3 inactivation, ChIP-seq PLoS Genetics High 28715449
2017 A heterozygous de novo gain-of-function variant p.Glu210Lys in UBF causes markedly increased UBF binding to the rDNA promoter and 5'-external transcribed spacer, increased 18S rRNA expression, and enlarged nucleoli reduced in number, leading to childhood-onset neurodegeneration. Chromatin immunoprecipitation, rRNA expression analysis, immunofluorescence of nucleoli in patient fibroblasts American Journal of Human Genetics Medium 28777933
2018 The UBTF p.Glu210Lys mutation results in increased pre-rRNA and 18S rRNA expression, nucleolar abnormalities, markedly increased DNA breaks, and defective cell-cycle progression in patient fibroblasts; expression of mutant UBTF1 in Drosophila neurons is lethal; Ubtf+/- mice show only mild motor and behavioral dysfunction. Patient fibroblast analysis (RT-PCR, rRNA expression, DNA damage markers), Drosophila transgenic expression, mouse heterozygous KO Human Molecular Genetics Medium 29300972
2019 The intracellular domain (ICD) of β-dystroglycan localizes to the nucleolus where it interacts with UBF and B23; overexpression of β-DG ICD mislocalizes UBF, decreases UBF levels, and suppresses rRNA expression; ICD cleavage is induced by nucleolar stressors. Co-immunoprecipitation, immunofluorescence, rDNA promoter ChIP, rRNA expression analysis, siRNA knockdown Cell Death & Disease Medium 30814495
2020 PKCι directly phosphorylates UBF1 at Ser-412, generating a phosphopeptide-binding epitope that recruits the BRCT domain of ECT2; this UBF1-ECT2 interaction on rDNA promoters is required for elevated rRNA synthesis and transformed growth of NSCLC cells. ECT2 mutagenesis, in vitro kinase assay with MS-based phosphosite identification, lentiviral shRNA knockdown and reconstitution, rRNA synthesis measurement Journal of Biological Chemistry High 32350115
2022 UBTF-TD (exon 13 tandem duplication) maintains genomic occupancy at rDNA loci while also occupying HOXA/HOXB clusters and MEIS1; UBTF-TD co-occupies these loci with KMT2A and menin; UBTF-TD is a gain-of-function alteration causing mislocalization to new genomic targets; stemness, proliferation, and transcriptional signature depend on sustained UBTF-TD chromatin localization. ChIP-seq of UBTF-TD in cord blood CD34+ cells and patient-derived xenografts, protein degradation system, menin inhibitor treatment Blood High 37890156
2022 Cooperation between SL1 (specifically its TAF1B subunit) and UBTF1 splice variant (not UBTF2) generates the specificity required for rDNA promoter recognition; conditional TAF1B deletion causes striking depletion of UBF at rDNA promoters but not elsewhere; only UBTF1 (not UBTF2) is present with SL1 at promoters. Conditional TAF1B deletion, ChIP-seq of UBTF1 and SL1, UBTF-E210K knock-in cells PLoS Genetics High 35139074

Source papers

Stage 0 corpus · 100 papers · ranked by NIH iCite citations
Year Title Journal Citations PMID
2003 mTOR-dependent regulation of ribosomal gene transcription requires S6K1 and is mediated by phosphorylation of the carboxy-terminal activation domain of the nucleolar transcription factor UBF. Molecular and cellular biology 366 14612424
1988 Functional cooperativity between transcription factors UBF1 and SL1 mediates human ribosomal RNA synthesis. Science (New York, N.Y.) 324 3413483
1995 Activity of RNA polymerase I transcription factor UBF blocked by Rb gene product. Nature 307 7877691
2001 An immediate response of ribosomal transcription to growth factor stimulation in mammals is mediated by ERK phosphorylation of UBF. Molecular cell 202 11741541
2002 UBF binding in vivo is not restricted to regulatory sequences within the vertebrate ribosomal DNA repeat. Molecular and cellular biology 187 11756560
2006 Growth factor signaling regulates elongation of RNA polymerase I transcription in mammals via UBF phosphorylation and r-chromatin remodeling. Molecular cell 173 16507361
2008 UBF levels determine the number of active ribosomal RNA genes in mammals. The Journal of cell biology 171 19103806
1991 Human autoantibody to RNA polymerase I transcription factor hUBF. Molecular identity of nucleolus organizer region autoantigen NOR-90 and ribosomal RNA transcription upstream binding factor. The Journal of experimental medicine 153 1940801
2004 MAD1 and c-MYC regulate UBF and rDNA transcription during granulocyte differentiation. The EMBO journal 152 15282543
1999 Phosphorylation by G1-specific cdk-cyclin complexes activates the nucleolar transcription factor UBF. The EMBO journal 152 10202152
2004 UBF-binding site arrays form pseudo-NORs and sequester the RNA polymerase I transcription machinery. Genes & development 145 15598984
1999 Cell cycle-dependent regulation of RNA polymerase I transcription: the nucleolar transcription factor UBF is inactive in mitosis and early G1. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 143 10339547
2007 Recruitment of factors linking transcription and processing of pre-rRNA to NOR chromatin is UBF-dependent and occurs independent of transcription in human cells. Genes & development 130 17699751
1996 In vivo evidence that TATA-binding protein/SL1 colocalizes with UBF and RNA polymerase I when rRNA synthesis is either active or inactive. The Journal of cell biology 129 8609157
1991 Identification of two forms of the RNA polymerase I transcription factor UBF. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 121 2014238
2000 Competitive recruitment of CBP and Rb-HDAC regulates UBF acetylation and ribosomal transcription. Molecular cell 114 11106745
1992 Differential phosphorylation and localization of the transcription factor UBF in vivo in response to serum deprivation. In vitro dephosphorylation of UBF reduces its transactivation properties. The Journal of biological chemistry 111 1730600
2000 Rb and p130 regulate RNA polymerase I transcription: Rb disrupts the interaction between UBF and SL-1. Oncogene 110 11042686
2009 The role of UBF in regulating the structure and dynamics of transcriptionally active rDNA chromatin. Epigenetics 106 19717978
2001 Phosphorylation of UBF at serine 388 is required for interaction with RNA polymerase I and activation of rDNA transcription. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 106 11698641
1993 The RNA polymerase I-specific transcription initiation factor UBF is associated with transcriptionally active and inactive ribosomal genes. Chromosoma 101 8306821
1995 Activation of mammalian ribosomal gene transcription requires phosphorylation of the nucleolar transcription factor UBF. Nucleic acids research 100 7651819
2006 UBF activates RNA polymerase I transcription by stimulating promoter escape. The EMBO journal 93 16858408
1994 The RNA polymerase I transcription factor UBF is a sequence-tolerant HMG-box protein that can recognize structured nucleic acids. Nucleic acids research 91 8041627
1992 Dual role of the nucleolar transcription factor UBF: trans-activator and antirepressor. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 91 1502143
2022 Integrated Genomic Analysis Identifies UBTF Tandem Duplications as a Recurrent Lesion in Pediatric Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Blood cancer discovery 88 35176137
1996 RNA polymerase I associated factor 53 binds to the nucleolar transcription factor UBF and functions in specific rDNA transcription. The EMBO journal 87 8641287
1994 Functional differences between the two splice variants of the nucleolar transcription factor UBF: the second HMG box determines specificity of DNA binding and transcriptional activity. The EMBO journal 85 8313887
1987 Anti-NOR 90. A new autoantibody in scleroderma that recognizes a 90-kDa component of the nucleolus-organizing region of chromatin. Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) 85 3309055
1999 Recruitment of TATA-binding protein-TAFI complex SL1 to the human ribosomal DNA promoter is mediated by the carboxy-terminal activation domain of upstream binding factor (UBF) and is regulated by UBF phosphorylation. Molecular and cellular biology 79 10082553
2001 DNA looping in the RNA polymerase I enhancesome is the result of non-cooperative in-phase bending by two UBF molecules. Nucleic acids research 78 11470882
1993 The nucleolar transcription activator UBF relieves Ku antigen-mediated repression of mouse ribosomal gene transcription. Nucleic acids research 76 8502546
1997 When rDNA transcription is arrested during mitosis, UBF is still associated with non-condensed rDNA. Journal of cell science 75 9410881
1992 Analysis of the phosphorylation, DNA-binding and dimerization properties of the RNA polymerase I transcription factors UBF1 and UBF2. Nucleic acids research 74 1561086
1991 Cloning and structural analysis of cDNA and the gene for mouse transcription factor UBF. Nucleic acids research 73 1891354
2006 Human tumor suppressor p14ARF negatively regulates rRNA transcription and inhibits UBF1 transcription factor phosphorylation. Oncogene 69 16924243
1999 The interferon-inducible nucleolar p204 protein binds the ribosomal RNA-specific UBF1 transcription factor and inhibits ribosomal RNA transcription. The EMBO journal 69 10329630
2017 A unique enhancer boundary complex on the mouse ribosomal RNA genes persists after loss of Rrn3 or UBF and the inactivation of RNA polymerase I transcription. PLoS genetics 65 28715449
1994 The HMG box-containing nucleolar transcription factor UBF interacts with a specific subunit of RNA polymerase I. The EMBO journal 64 8306961
1996 Overexpression of the transcription factor UBF1 is sufficient to increase ribosomal DNA transcription in neonatal cardiomyocytes: implications for cardiac hypertrophy. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 63 8710943
2010 hALP, a novel transcriptional U three protein (t-UTP), activates RNA polymerase I transcription by binding and acetylating the upstream binding factor (UBF). The Journal of biological chemistry 57 21177859
2001 Increased expression of UBF is a critical determinant for rRNA synthesis and hypertrophic growth of cardiac myocytes. FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology 54 11511532
2014 A novel role for the Pol I transcription factor UBTF in maintaining genome stability through the regulation of highly transcribed Pol II genes. Genome research 50 25452314
2024 Acute myeloid leukemias with UBTF tandem duplications are sensitive to menin inhibitors. Blood 48 37890156
2009 Treacle recruits RNA polymerase I complex to the nucleolus that is independent of UBF. Biochemical and biophysical research communications 46 19527688
2006 ERK modulates DNA bending and enhancesome structure by phosphorylating HMG1-boxes 1 and 2 of the RNA polymerase I transcription factor UBF. Biochemistry 45 16533045
2013 UBF complexes with phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate in nucleolar organizer regions regardless of ongoing RNA polymerase I activity. Nucleus (Austin, Tex.) 44 24513678
2022 Enhancer retargeting of CDX2 and UBTF::ATXN7L3 define a subtype of high-risk B-progenitor acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Blood 43 35192684
2006 CK2-mediated stimulation of Pol I transcription by stabilization of UBF-SL1 interaction. Nucleic acids research 43 16971462
2017 Heterozygous De Novo UBTF Gain-of-Function Variant Is Associated with Neurodegeneration in Childhood. American journal of human genetics 42 28777933
2008 The splice variants of UBF differentially regulate RNA polymerase I transcription elongation in response to ERK phosphorylation. Nucleic acids research 42 18676449
2006 Acetylation of UBF changes during the cell cycle and regulates the interaction of UBF with RNA polymerase I. Nucleic acids research 39 16582105
1993 Transcription from the rat 45S ribosomal DNA promoter does not require the factor UBF. Gene expression 39 8019125
2018 A recurrent de novo missense mutation in UBTF causes developmental neuroregression. Human molecular genetics 32 29300972
2002 The cell cycle regulatory factor TAF1 stimulates ribosomal DNA transcription by binding to the activator UBF. Current biology : CB 32 12498690
1994 Immunocytochemical characterization of human NOR-90 (upstream binding factor) and associated antigens reactive with autoimmune sera. Two MR forms of NOR-90/hUBF autoantigens. Molecular biology reports 31 8072492
2015 Depletion of the cisplatin targeted HMGB-box factor UBF selectively induces p53-independent apoptotic death in transformed cells. Oncotarget 29 26317157
2023 UBTF tandem duplications define a distinct subtype of adult de novo acute myeloid leukemia. Leukemia 28 37085611
1999 A kinase activity associated with simian virus 40 large T antigen phosphorylates upstream binding factor (UBF) and promotes formation of a stable initiation complex between UBF and SL1. Molecular and cellular biology 28 10082545
1999 Cellular regulation of ribosomal DNA transcription:both rat and Xenopus UBF1 stimulate rDNA transcription in 3T3 fibroblasts. Nucleic acids research 28 9927757
1995 The RNA polymerase I transcription factor UBF is the product of a primary response gene. The Journal of biological chemistry 28 7876178
2022 Concurrent CDX2 cis-deregulation and UBTF::ATXN7L3 fusion define a novel high-risk subtype of B-cell ALL. Blood 27 35316324
2010 Regulation of nucleolar chromatin by B23/nucleophosmin jointly depends upon its RNA binding activity and transcription factor UBF. Molecular and cellular biology 27 20713446
2007 The giant fibrillar center: a nucleolar structure enriched in upstream binding factor (UBF) that appears in transcriptionally more active sensory ganglia neurons. Journal of structural biology 27 17587596
1996 Detection of autoantibodies to nucleolar transcription factor NOR 90/hUBF in sera of patients with rheumatic diseases, by recombinant autoantigen-based assays. Arthritis and rheumatism 27 8702439
1995 Clinical relevance and HLA association of autoantibodies against the nucleolus organizer region (NOR-90). The Journal of rheumatology 26 7699685
2003 A functional screen in human cells identifies UBF2 as an RNA polymerase II transcription factor that enhances the beta-catenin signaling pathway. Molecular and cellular biology 24 12748295
1992 Characterization and immunolocalization of RNA polymerase I transcription factor UBF with anti-NOR serum in protozoa, higher plant and vertebrate cells. Journal of cell science 23 1487488
2018 UBTF Mutation Causes Complex Phenotype of Neurodegeneration and Severe Epilepsy in Childhood. Neuropediatrics 22 30517966
1997 The Xenopus RNA polymerase I transcription factor, UBF, has a role in transcriptional enhancement distinct from that at the promoter. The EMBO journal 22 9029158
2021 UBTF facilitates melanoma progression via modulating MEK1/2-ERK1/2 signalling pathways by promoting GIT1 transcription. Cancer cell international 20 34663332
1997 Association of the nucleolar transcription factor UBF with the transcriptionally inactive rRNA genes of pronuclei and early Xenopus embryos. Journal of cell science 20 9378756
1995 HMG box 4 is the principal determinant of species specificity in the RNA polymerase I transcription factor UBF. Nucleic acids research 20 8524646
2022 Long-term performance, microbial evolution and spatial microstructural characteristics of anammox granules in an upflow blanket filter (UBF) treating high-strength nitrogen wastewater. Bioresource technology 19 36323371
1996 Intracellular distribution of HMG1, HMG2 and UBF change following treatment with cisplatin. Biochimica et biophysica acta 19 8679707
2022 Ribosomal DNA promoter recognition is determined in vivo by cooperation between UBTF1 and SL1 and is compromised in the UBTF-E210K neuroregression syndrome. PLoS genetics 18 35139074
2016 MXD1 localizes in the nucleolus, binds UBF and impairs rRNA synthesis. Oncotarget 18 27588501
2013 ESET methylates UBF at K232/254 and regulates nucleolar heterochromatin plasticity and rDNA transcription. Nucleic acids research 18 24234436
2023 UBTF tandem duplications are rare but recurrent alterations in adult AML and associated with younger age, myelodysplasia, and inferior outcome. Blood cancer journal 17 37236968
2014 HP1β-dependent recruitment of UBF1 to irradiated chromatin occurs simultaneously with CPDs. Epigenetics & chromatin 17 25587355
1996 Structure of recombinant rat UBF by electron image analysis and homology modelling. Nucleic acids research 17 8628680
1995 A DNA binding factor (UBF) interacts with a positive regulatory element in the promoters of genes expressed during meiosis and vegetative growth in yeast. Nucleic acids research 15 7567455
2022 A novel, likely pathogenic variant in UBTF-related neurodegeneration with brain atrophy is associated with a severe divergent neurodevelopmental phenotype. Molecular genetics & genomic medicine 14 36106513
2015 The HBx oncoprotein of hepatitis B virus potentiates cell transformation by inducing c-Myc-dependent expression of the RNA polymerase I transcription factor UBF. Virology journal 14 25890091
1995 Autoantibodies to the nucleolar organizer antigen NOR-90 in children with systemic rheumatic diseases. The Journal of rheumatology 14 7783073
2020 Protein kinase Cι promotes UBF1-ECT2 binding on ribosomal DNA to drive rRNA synthesis and transformed growth of non-small-cell lung cancer cells. The Journal of biological chemistry 12 32350115
2016 Three-Dimensional Distribution of UBF and Nopp140 in Relationship to Ribosomal DNA Transcription During Mouse Preimplantation Development. Biology of reproduction 12 26984997
2016 Disruption of the UBF gene induces aberrant somatic nucleolar bodies and disrupts embryo nucleolar precursor bodies. Gene 12 27614293
2003 Cardiac hypertrophy in vivo is associated with increased expression of the ribosomal gene transcription factor UBF. FEBS letters 12 12885411
2000 Immunohistochemical detection of ribosomal transcription factor UBF and AgNOR staining identify apoptotic events in neoplastic cells of Hodgkin's disease and in other lymphoid cells. The journal of histochemistry and cytochemistry : official journal of the Histochemistry Society 12 11036095
2024 UBTF tandem duplications in pediatric myelodysplastic syndrome and acute myeloid leukemia: implications for clinical screening and diagnosis. Haematologica 11 38426285
2022 Behavioral and molecular effects of Ubtf knockout and knockdown in mice. Brain research 11 35973608
1996 The RNA polymerase I transcription factor UBF and rDNA are located at the same major sites in both interphase and mitotic pig embryonic kidney (PK) cells. Cytogenetics and cell genetics 11 8751374
1997 Molecular cloning of the RNA polymerase I transcription factor hUBF/NOR-90 (UBTF) gene and localization to 17q21.3 by fluorescence in situ hybridization and radiation hybrid mapping. Genomics 10 9126496
1992 Analysis of the rat ribosomal DNA promoter: characterization of linker-scanning mutants and of the binding of UBF. Nucleic acids research 10 1579451
2019 The intracellular domain of β-dystroglycan mediates the nucleolar stress response by suppressing UBF transcriptional activity. Cell death & disease 9 30814495
2015 Localized movement and morphology of UBF1-positive nucleolar regions are changed by γ-irradiation in G2 phase of the cell cycle. Nucleus (Austin, Tex.) 9 26208041
2015 Genome wide mapping of UBF binding-sites in mouse and human cell lines. Genomics data 9 26484160
2009 IRS-2, but not IRS-1, can sustain proliferation and rescue UBF stabilization in InR or InR defective signaling of 32D myeloid cells. Cell cycle (Georgetown, Tex.) 9 19738441
1996 Cloning and sequencing of the genes encoding the hamster ribosomal transcription factors UBF1 and UBF2. Gene 8 8918262

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