| 1996 |
SRPK1 phosphorylates SR proteins (including ASF/SF2) specifically at Ser-Arg sites in vitro, with higher specific activity toward ASF/SF2 than Clk/Sty, while Clk/Sty has broader substrate specificity (Ser-Arg, Ser-Lys, Ser-Pro sites). Tryptic peptide mapping confirmed that SRPK1 phosphorylates ASF/SF2 in vitro on sites also phosphorylated in vivo. |
In vitro kinase assay, tryptic peptide mapping |
The Journal of biological chemistry |
High |
8798720
|
| 2008 |
Crystal structure (2.9 Å) of SRPK1 in complex with ASF/SF2 reveals that the N-terminal RS domain docks to an acidic groove distal to the active site; phosphorylation of the first serine generates a primed phosphoserine that binds a basic site on the kinase, driving directional (C- to N-terminal) sliding of the RS peptide through the docking groove for processive phosphorylation. |
X-ray crystallography, in vitro kinase assay, mutagenesis |
Molecular cell |
High |
18342604
|
| 2009 |
SRPK1 directly binds cochaperones Hsp40/DNAjc8 and Aha1, which mediate dynamic interactions with Hsp70 and Hsp90. Inhibition of Hsp90 ATPase or osmotic shock triggers dissociation of SRPK1 from chaperone complexes, causing translocation from cytoplasm to nucleus, differential SR protein phosphorylation, and altered splice site selection. |
Co-immunoprecipitation, osmotic shock signaling assay, fractionation, alternative splicing reporter |
Genes & development |
High |
19240134
|
| 2003 |
HSV-1 protein ICP27 physically interacts with SRPK1, relocalizes it to the nucleus, and alters SRPK1 kinase activity in vitro, resulting in hypophosphorylation of SR proteins and blockade of spliceosome assembly at the pre-spliceosomal complex A stage. |
Co-immunoprecipitation, in vitro kinase assay, spliceosome assembly assay |
The EMBO journal |
High |
12660167
|
| 2002 |
SRPK1 and SRPK2 were identified as the major cellular kinases that phosphorylate the arginine-rich C-terminal domain of hepatitis B virus core protein on the same serine residues phosphorylated in vivo; SRPK1 was purified from HuH-7 lysates and identified by mass spectrometry. |
Affinity purification, mass spectrometry, in vitro kinase assay, immunoblot |
Journal of virology |
High |
12134018
|
| 2011 |
WT1 binds directly to the SRPK1 promoter and represses SRPK1 transcription. In WT1 mutant cells, elevated SRPK1 hyperphosphorylates SRSF1, shifting VEGF splicing toward pro-angiogenic VEGF165, promoting angiogenesis. Inhibition of SRPK1 reversed splicing and blocked angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo. |
Chromatin immunoprecipitation, promoter reporter assay, siRNA knockdown, VEGF splicing RT-PCR, in vivo xenograft |
Cancer cell |
High |
22172722
|
| 2014 |
SRPK1 functions as a tumor suppressor when ablated (induces cell transformation via constitutive Akt activation) and as an oncogene when overexpressed (excess SRPK1 squelches the Akt phosphatase PHLPP1). In both cases, aberrant SRPK1 expression impairs PHLPP1 recruitment to Akt, causing sustained Akt activation. |
Mouse embryonic fibroblast transformation assay, genome-wide phosphoproteomics, co-immunoprecipitation, KO mouse cells |
Molecular cell |
High |
24703948
|
| 2005 |
SRPK1 phosphorylates the N-terminal RS1 region of ASF/SF2 efficiently while Clk/Sty phosphorylates all serines throughout the RS domain; both kinases use processive mechanisms but with distinct substrate coverage, suggesting stepwise phosphorylation by sequential kinase action. |
Mass spectrometry of RS domain, in vitro kinase assay, single-turnover kinetics |
The Journal of biological chemistry |
High |
16223727
|
| 2016 |
SRPK1 interacts with an RS-like domain in the N-terminus of CLK1 and facilitates release of phosphorylated SR proteins from CLK1, which cannot release them on its own; this symbiotic interaction enables efficient splice-site recognition and spliceosome assembly. |
Biochemical interaction assays, spliceosome assembly assay, SR protein release assay |
Molecular cell |
High |
27397683
|
| 2020 |
SRPK1 catalyzes site-specific phosphorylation of protamine in the fertilized oocyte, triggering protamine-to-histone exchange required for parental genome reprogramming. Protamine undergoes DNA-dependent phase transition to gel-like condensates, and SRPK1-mediated phosphorylation opens these structures to enhance protamine dismissal by NPM2 and HIRA-mediated H3.3 deposition. |
In vitro kinase assay, ATAC-seq, genetic mouse models, phase condensate analysis |
Cell |
High |
32169215
|
| 2007 |
SRPK1 initiates phosphorylation near the C-terminus of RS1 segment of ASF/SF2 and then moves in an N-terminal direction ('grab-and-pull' mechanism), using region-specific docking at the center of the RS domain with flexible active-site engagement. |
Arg-to-Lys mutagenesis creating unique protease sites, in vitro kinase assay monitoring phosphorylation progress |
Journal of molecular biology |
High |
18155240
|
| 2009 |
SRPK1 initiates RS domain phosphorylation at a defined initiation box in the middle of RS1 (at the C-terminal end) and proceeds N-terminally; this initiation requires both the docking groove of SRPK1 and RRM2 of ASF/SF2. |
Engineered footprinting, single-turnover kinetics, deletion and mutagenesis assays |
Journal of molecular biology |
High |
19477182
|
| 2008 |
RRM2 of ASF/SF2 allosterically enhances SRPK1 docking and processive phosphorylation: free RRM2 does not bind SRPK1 efficiently unless the docking groove is occupied by the RS domain, and RRM-SRPK1 contact residues control beta-strand folding in RRM2, whose unfolding drives N-terminal serines into the active site. |
Deletion analysis, single-turnover and multiturnover kinetics, mutagenesis of contact residues |
Biochemistry |
High |
19886675
|
| 1999 |
SRPK1 phosphorylates the RS-repeat region of lamin B receptor (LBR) with similar kinetics and on the same sites as the dedicated LBR kinase, establishing a new substrate and nuclear envelope-related role for SRPK1. |
In vitro kinase assay with synthetic peptides and recombinant proteins, site mapping |
Biochemical and biophysical research communications |
Medium |
10049757
|
| 2011 |
SRPK1 phosphorylation of LBR RS domain is necessary for LBR association with histone H3. Molecular dynamics simulations and GST pull-down assays show that the C-terminal RS region of LBR docks into the acidic groove of SRPK1 similarly to other SR substrates. |
Molecular dynamics simulation, GST pull-down assay, functional interaction assay |
Biochimica et biophysica acta |
Medium |
22056509
|
| 2011 |
The large spacer insert domain (SID) of SRPK1 lacks stable hydrogen-bonded structure (intrinsically disordered) and serves as a chaperone interaction platform, while the N-terminal extension adopts stable structure that positively regulates SR protein binding by stabilizing the docking groove. Both regions enhance SR protein turnover by modulating catalytic loop segments. |
Hydrogen-deuterium exchange mass spectrometry, steady-state kinetics, deletion analysis |
Journal of molecular biology |
High |
21600902
|
| 2012 |
ADP release (not phosphoryl transfer) is the rate-limiting step during multisite phosphorylation of SRSF1 by SRPK1. Substrate binding affinity, phosphoryl transfer rate, and ADP exchange rate each decline progressively as a function of phosphorylation state in the RS domain. |
Rapid quench-flow transient-state kinetics, mutagenesis, viscosometric experiments, catalytic trapping |
Biochemistry |
High |
21728354
|
| 2012 |
Sequences outside the SRPK1 kinase domain — a segment of the spacer insert domain and an N-terminal extension — cooperatively enhance ADP dissociation rate, constituting a nucleotide release factor that accelerates protein substrate phosphorylation. |
Deletion analysis, nucleotide exchange assays, steady-state kinetics |
Biochemistry |
High |
22839969
|
| 2001 |
The yeast SRPK1 ortholog SKY1 is required for cisplatin sensitivity; heterologous expression of human SRPK1 in SKY1-deletion yeast restored cisplatin sensitivity. Antisense knockdown of SRPK1 in human A2780 ovarian carcinoma cells conferred ~4-fold cisplatin resistance. |
Yeast genetic complementation, antisense knockdown, cisplatin sensitivity assay |
Cancer research |
Medium |
11585720
|
| 2014 |
SRPK1-mediated phosphorylation of SRSF1 controls its nuclear translocation; knockdown of SRPK1 or inhibition of its catalytic activity reduces SRSF1 phosphorylation, prevents nuclear translocation of SRSF1, and decreases inclusion of alternative exon 3b in Rac1 pre-mRNA (Rac1b splicing) in colorectal cells. |
siRNA knockdown, kinase inhibitor, RT-PCR splicing assay, subcellular fractionation |
RNA (New York, N.Y.) |
High |
24550521
|
| 2007 |
HPV1 E1^E4 protein is a novel binding partner of SRPK1; E1^E4 binding leads to phosphorylation of E1^E4 polypeptide by SRPK1 in vitro and modulates SRPK1 autophosphorylation. SRPK1 is sequestered into E4 inclusion bodies in terminally differentiated cells within HPV1 warts. |
Co-immunoprecipitation, in vitro kinase assay, colocalization/immunofluorescence |
Journal of virology |
Medium |
17360743
|
| 2014 |
HPV1 E1^E4 is a potent inhibitor of SRPK1 kinase activity toward host SR proteins and toward the viral E2 protein in vitro. E1^E4-mediated inhibition of SRPK1 alters E2 nuclear localization in keratinocytes; mutation of E2 SR/RS phosphoacceptor serines or coexpression with SRPK1-inhibitory E1^E4 increases E2 nucleolar accumulation. |
In vitro kinase assay, mutagenesis of phosphoacceptor sites, immunofluorescence localization |
Journal of virology |
High |
25142587
|
| 2009 |
Arginine methylation of the ICP27 RGG box regulates ICP27's interaction with SRPK1; hypomethylation (via lysine substitutions or methylation inhibitor) decreased ICP27-SRPK1 interaction as determined by co-immunoprecipitation and colocalization studies. |
Co-immunoprecipitation, colocalization immunofluorescence, methylation inhibitor treatment |
Journal of virology |
Medium |
19553338
|
| 2005 |
SRPK1 and SRPK2 overexpression suppresses HBV replication by reducing pgRNA packaging efficiency without affecting core particle formation, and this effect is independent of their kinase activity toward the HBV core protein, as kinase-dead mutants retain the suppressive effect. |
Overexpression and kinase-dead mutant transfection, HBV replication assay, pgRNA packaging assay |
Virology |
Medium |
16122776
|
| 2018 |
SRPK1 phosphorylates seven of eight hydroxy amino acids in the HBV core protein CTD; SRPK1-mediated phosphorylation of all seven sites reduces nonspecific RNA encapsidation and alters CTD surface accessibility without major capsid shell structural changes, consistent with a mechanism whereby high phosphorylation suppresses RNA binding while selective dephosphorylation enables pgRNA packaging. |
Bacterial coexpression system, Phos-tag gel electrophoresis, mass spectrometry, mutagenesis, structural analysis |
PLoS pathogens |
High |
30566530
|
| 2017 |
SRPK1 inhibitor structures solved by X-ray crystallography reveal that potent inhibitors occupy a binding pocket created by the unique helical insert of SRPK1 and trigger a backbone flip in the hinge region, enabling <10 nM selective inhibition; these compounds inhibit SRSF1 phosphorylation and shift VEGF-A splicing. |
X-ray crystallography of SRPK1-inhibitor complex, in vitro kinase assay, VEGF splicing assay |
ACS chemical biology |
High |
28135068
|
| 2015 |
X-ray crystal structure of SRPK1 bound to SRPIN340 solved; a pharmacophore-based screen identified SRPIN803 as a dual SRPK1/CK2 inhibitor that prevents VEGF production more effectively than SRPIN340 alone. |
X-ray crystallography, pharmacophore docking, in vitro kinase assay, choroidal neovascularization mouse model |
Molecular pharmacology |
High |
25993998
|
| 2018 |
SRPKIN-1, the first covalent SRPK1/2 inhibitor, forms a covalent bond with a tyrosine phenol group in the ATP-binding pocket of SRPK1; it selectively inhibits SRPK1/2 across the kinome and attenuates SR protein phosphorylation at submicromolar concentrations, converting pro-angiogenic VEGF-A165a to anti-angiogenic VEGF-A165b. |
Kinome-wide profiling, covalent inhibitor design, in vitro kinase assay, VEGF splicing assay, retinal neovascularization mouse model |
Cell chemical biology |
High |
29478907
|
| 2017 |
SRPK1 disulfide bonds within the spacer domain and flanking kinase catalytic domains are required for kinase activity and nuclear localization; systematic cysteine mutagenesis showed that Cys356, Cys386, Cys427, Cys455 in the spacer and Cys188 in the first catalytic domain engage in disulfide bridging that positions the two catalytic subunits for activity. |
Systematic cysteine mutagenesis, in vitro kinase assay, nuclear localization assay, splicing reporter assay |
PloS one |
Medium |
28166275
|
| 2020 |
SRPK1 phosphorylates SRSF1 and controls PD-1 alternative splicing: SRPK1 knockdown or inhibition with SPHINX31 switches splicing from full-length transmembrane PD-1 (flPD1) to a soluble exon-3-skipped isoform (ΔEx3PD1) that prevents T cell repression by cancer cells. |
shRNA knockdown, pharmacological inhibition (SPHINX31), RT-PCR splicing assay, co-culture assay, IL-2 ELISA |
Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII |
Medium |
37973660
|
| 2020 |
Tip60-mediated acetylation of SRPK1 reduces its kinase activity; in cisplatin-resistant breast cancer cells, reduced SRPK1 acetylation and increased phosphorylation/kinase activity favor anti-apoptotic splice variants; restoring SRPK1 acetylation re-sensitizes resistant cells to cisplatin. |
Western blot for acetylation/phosphorylation, siRNA knockdown, drug sensitivity assay, splicing analysis |
Communications biology |
Medium |
32461560
|
| 2013 |
SRPK1 uses a distributive mechanism for Tra2β (containing short RS repeats of 1-4 dipeptides) where substrate dissociation is rate-limiting, in contrast to the processive mechanism for SRSF1; the conserved docking groove required for SRSF1 phosphorylation is dispensable for Tra2β phosphorylation. |
Single-turnover and multiturnover kinetics, docking groove mutants, in vitro phosphorylation assay |
Biochemistry |
High |
24074032
|
| 2020 |
LIMK2 promotes SRPK1 phosphorylation and thereby activates SRPK1 kinase activity in triple-negative breast cancer cells; LIMK2 inhibition reduces SRPK1 phosphorylation and blocks metastatic attributes similarly to direct SRPK1 inhibition. |
SILAC-based phosphoproteomics, shRNA knockdown, pharmacological inhibition, mouse metastasis model |
Oncogenesis |
Medium |
32859889
|
| 2016 |
SRPK1 and Akt phosphorylate the RS domain of lamin B receptor (LBR) with distinct specificity: all RS serines are phosphorylated by SRPK1 while Akt selectively targets Ser80 and Ser82, demonstrating that Akt directly phosphorylates an RS domain-containing protein. |
In vitro kinase assay with synthetic peptides and recombinant mutants, 3D-modeling, molecular dynamics |
PloS one |
Medium |
27105349
|
| 2010 |
The ratio of SRPK1 to its isoform SRPK1a regulates erythroid differentiation in K562 cells: overexpression of SRPK1a or siRNA-mediated knockdown of SRPK1 both decreased proliferation and induced globin synthesis. Mass spectrometry of SRPK1a-associated proteins identified RNA helicases, hnRNPs, and ribosomal proteins as interactors. |
Stable overexpression, siRNA knockdown, differentiation assay, mass spectrometry of co-purified proteins |
Biochimica et biophysica acta |
Medium |
20708644
|
| 2021 |
SRPK1-mediated SRSF1 phosphorylation regulates VEGFR1 pre-mRNA alternative splicing in endothelial cells downstream of FGF-2 signaling, generating soluble VEGFR1 splice variants that contribute to FGF-2-mediated angiogenic functions. FGF-2 activates a SRSF1/SRSF3/SRPK1 axis. |
siRNA knockdown, 3D collagen sprouting assay, in vivo angiogenesis models, RT-PCR splicing assay |
BMC biology |
Medium |
34433435
|
| 2016 |
MALAT1 lncRNA physically interacts with both SRPK1 and SRSF1, and promotes SRPK1-catalyzed SRSF1 phosphorylation, thereby increasing AKAP-9 expression; overexpression of SRPK1 after MALAT1 knockdown restored SRSF1 phosphorylation and AKAP-9 levels. |
Co-immunoprecipitation (MALAT1 with SRPK1 and SRSF1), SRPK1 knockdown/overexpression, western blot for phospho-SRSF1 |
Oncotarget |
Medium |
26887056
|
| 2023 |
SRPK1 promotes EGFR-TKI (gefitinib) resistance through a kinase-independent mechanism: the SRPK1 spacer domain binds GSK3β and enhances GSK3β autophosphorylation at Ser9, activating Wnt pathway and increasing Bcl-X expression; SRPK1 also facilitates LEF1/β-catenin binding to the EGFR promoter to increase EGFR expression. |
Co-immunoprecipitation, kinase-dead mutant studies, promoter binding assay, in vitro and in vivo gefitinib resistance assay |
Oncogene |
Medium |
36869126
|
| 2024 |
METTL3-mediated m6A methylation of SRPK1 mRNA stabilizes it in an IGF2BP2-dependent manner; elevated SRPK1 then interacts with hnRNPA1 (modulator of PKM splicing), upregulating PKM2 and promoting aerobic glycolysis in lung adenocarcinoma. |
m6A epitranscriptomic microarray, RIP, MeRIP, RNA stability assay, co-immunoprecipitation, metabolic quantification |
Cellular & molecular biology letters |
Medium |
39095708
|
| 2020 |
Ibuprofen promotes disassembly of a WNK1/GSK3β/SRPK1 protein kinase complex without inhibiting any of these kinases, exposing GSK3β Ser9 to AKT-mediated inhibitory phosphorylation, which results in nuclear exclusion of SRPK1 and SRSF1 hypophosphorylation, preventing RAC1B alternative splicing. |
Co-immunoprecipitation of kinase complex, subcellular fractionation, phosphorylation western blot, splicing assay |
Oncotarget |
Medium |
33315986
|
| 2018 |
SRPK1 inhibition in AML leads to a switch from the short to the long BRD4 isoform at mRNA and protein levels, causing BRD4 eviction from leukemogenic loci (BCL2, MYC), cell cycle arrest, and leukemic cell differentiation; this isoform switch mediates at least part of the anti-leukemic effects. |
RNA-seq isoform analysis, shRNA knockdown, pharmacological inhibition, mouse transplantation model |
Nature communications |
Medium |
30568163
|
| 2019 |
In tumor endothelium, WT1(-KTS) isoform directly binds and activates the promoters of both Srpk1 and Srsf1; conditional vessel-specific knockout of Wt1 reduced Srpk1 and Srsf1 expression and induced a shift toward antiangiogenic VEGF120 isoform. |
Promoter binding assay (chromatin/reporter), conditional knockout mouse model, RT-PCR splicing assay |
Cells |
Medium |
30641926
|
| 2020 |
WT1 activates SRPK1 transcription in cancer cells through a canonical WT1 binding site adjacent to the transcription start site; the transcriptional corepressor BASP1 reverses this activation. Both WT1 and BASP1 co-precipitated with the SRPK1 promoter by ChIP. |
ChIP, promoter reporter assay, siRNA knockdown, Co-IP |
Biochimica et biophysica acta. Gene regulatory mechanisms |
Medium |
33017668
|
| 2021 |
USP39 directly binds SRSF1 and SRPK1 via its 101-565 fragment, promotes SRSF1 phosphorylation, and regulates VEGF-A alternative splicing, reducing VEGF-A165b expression; USP39 knockdown restores VEGF-A165b levels in renal cell carcinoma cells. |
Affinity purification/mass spectrometry, co-immunoprecipitation, western blot for phospho-SRSF1, RT-PCR splicing assay |
Cancer cell international |
Medium |
34544400
|