Affinage

PSMC4

26S proteasome regulatory subunit 6B · UniProt P43686

Length
418 aa
Mass
47.4 kDa
Annotated
2026-06-10
61 papers in source corpus 21 papers cited in narrative 20 extracted findings
Cross-family judge vs UniProt: Affinage preferred faithfulness: 6/7 claims corpus-supported (86%)

Mechanistic narrative

Synthesis pass · prose summary of the discoveries below

PSMC4 (TBP7/RPT3/S6) is an AAA-ATPase subunit of the 19S regulatory particle of the 26S proteasome, where it functions as an integral, ATP-dependent component of the ubiquitin-proteasome degradation machinery (PMID:8060531, PMID:9473509). Its central region carries the four conserved ATPase motifs of the proteasomal ATPase family alongside an N-terminal leucine zipper (PMID:8607789). PSMC4 is essential and non-redundant in vivo: its loss causes pre-implantation embryonic lethality with defective blastocyst development that cannot be rescued by Psmc3 (PMID:10945464), and muscle-specific deletion produces impaired myofiber growth, dysregulated proteasome activity, defective autophagosome formation, and sarcomere disorganization, placing it at a node coupling proteasomal and autophagic protein turnover (PMID:25380823). During base assembly, unassembled PSMC4 forms a PSMC4–PSMC5–PAAF1 intermediate that the HERC1 ubiquitin ligase recognizes through PAAF1 to clear excess subunits as a quality-control step (PMID:34446601). Beyond canonical proteasome function, PSMC4 acts in a distinct ER-localized complex with the chaperone TRAP1, where the pair controls ubiquitination and stability of nuclear-encoded client proteins including CDK1, governing the G2-M cell-cycle transition (PMID:21979464, PMID:24113185, PMID:28678347). PSMC4 also engages disease-relevant partners: it binds the C-terminal 78 residues of the oncoprotein gankyrin in a complex with CDK4 (PMID:11779854), interacts with synphilin-1 and is found in Lewy bodies, with co-overexpression reducing proteasomal activity and increasing inclusion formation (PMID:17327361), and drives prostate carcinoma proliferation and migration through a CBX3–EGFR–PI3K–AKT–mTOR axis (PMID:37436074). It additionally participates with TBP and other proteasomal ATPases in a non-proteasomal ~800 kDa transcription-associated complex (PMID:10526239) and represses transactivation by the orphan nuclear receptor MB67 (PMID:8603043).

Mechanistic history

Synthesis pass · year-by-year structured walk · 12 steps
  1. 1994 High

    Established the identity of PSMC4 as a bona fide structural component of the proteasome, defining its core cellular context.

    Evidence Direct peptide sequencing of subunit 6 (S6) purified from the human erythrocyte 26S protease

    PMID:8060531

    Open questions at the time
    • Did not define ATPase catalytic mechanism
    • No structural placement within the 19S ring
  2. 1996 Medium

    Linked PSMC4 to transcriptional regulation by showing it binds and inhibits a nuclear hormone receptor, hinting at functions beyond proteolysis.

    Evidence Yeast two-hybrid and coexpression transactivation assays with the orphan receptor MB67

    PMID:8603043

    Open questions at the time
    • Mechanism of MB67 inhibition unresolved
    • Unclear if dependent on proteasome assembly
  3. 1996 Medium

    Defined the domain architecture, identifying the conserved ATPase motifs and leucine zipper that underlie its enzymatic and assembly roles.

    Evidence cDNA cloning and protein sequence analysis of the rat orthologue

    PMID:8607789

    Open questions at the time
    • Sequence inference only; no functional ATPase assay
    • Leucine zipper binding partner unknown
  4. 1999 Medium

    Showed PSMC4 partitions into a non-proteasomal TBP-containing ~800 kDa complex, separating its transcription-associated role from the 26S particle.

    Evidence TBP pull-down, 2-D electrophoresis, far-Western and microsequencing

    PMID:10526239

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct TBP binding inferred for PSMC4, not demonstrated by far-Western
    • Functional role of the complex unestablished
  5. 2000 High

    Demonstrated that PSMC4 is essential and non-redundant for early development, distinguishing it from paralogous ATPases.

    Evidence Psmc4 knockout mice with pre-implantation lethality, compared against Psmc3 knockout

    PMID:10945464

    Open questions at the time
    • Cell-type-specific requirements not resolved
    • Molecular cause of blastocyst defect not defined
  6. 2002 High

    Identified gankyrin as a C-terminal-binding oncoprotein partner, connecting PSMC4 to oncogenic CDK4 complexes.

    Evidence Yeast two-hybrid, deletional mapping, and co-IP of gankyrin, PSMC4, and CDK4

    PMID:11779854

    Open questions at the time
    • Functional consequence of the trimeric complex not measured
    • Whether gankyrin alters proteasome function unclear
  7. 2007 High

    Tied PSMC4 to neurodegenerative protein aggregation, showing its interaction with synphilin-1 impairs proteasome activity and promotes inclusions.

    Evidence Yeast two-hybrid, co-IP, colocalization, proteasome activity assay, and IHC of PD brain

    PMID:17327361

    Open questions at the time
    • Causal role in PD pathology not established
    • Mechanism linking interaction to reduced activity unclear
  8. 2011 High

    Revealed an unexpected ER-localized PSMC4–TRAP1 complex controlling ubiquitination of mitochondrial client proteins and stress-induced cell death.

    Evidence MS interactome, FRET, confocal microscopy, fractionation, and shRNA silencing with ubiquitination assays

    PMID:21979464

    Open questions at the time
    • Full client repertoire incompletely defined
    • How an ATPase subunit relocalizes to ER unresolved
  9. 2013 High

    Placed the PSMC4–TRAP1 complex as the limiting control of CDK1 stability during G2-M progression.

    Evidence Co-IP, ubiquitination assays, and siRNA in cancer cells, extended in patient-validated follow-up

    PMID:24113185 PMID:28678347

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct PSMC4 contribution versus TRAP1 not fully separated
    • Ubiquitin ligase responsible for CDK1 not identified here
  10. 2014 High

    Showed PSMC4 is required in vivo for proteasome function and for crosstalk with autophagy in muscle tissue.

    Evidence Muscle-specific conditional knockout with histology, EM, proteasome and autophagy assays

    PMID:25380823

    Open questions at the time
    • Mechanism of impaired autophagosome formation undefined
    • Whether non-proteasomal PSMC4 roles contribute unclear
  11. 2021 High

    Defined a proteasome base-assembly intermediate and its quality-control surveillance, embedding PSMC4 in an assembly checkpoint.

    Evidence Reciprocal co-IP, MS, ubiquitination assays, and HERC1 disease-mutant analysis

    PMID:34446601

    Open questions at the time
    • Kinetics of PSMC4 incorporation not resolved
    • Whether PSMC4 itself is a HERC1 substrate unclear
  12. 2023 Medium

    Connected PSMC4 to cancer progression through a CBX3-EGFR-PI3K-AKT-mTOR signaling axis.

    Evidence siRNA knockdown, co-IP, RNA-seq, rescue experiments, and xenograft model in prostate carcinoma

    PMID:37436074

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether regulation of CBX3 is proteasome-dependent unclear
    • Single-lab; not validated in additional tumor types

Open questions

Synthesis pass · forward-looking unresolved questions
  • How PSMC4 toggles between its canonical 19S proteasomal role and its multiple non-proteasomal complexes (ER/TRAP1, TBP-transcription, signaling) remains mechanistically unresolved.
  • No structural model distinguishing free versus assembled PSMC4 functions
  • Signals partitioning PSMC4 to ER versus proteasome unknown
  • Direct ATPase enzymology of human PSMC4 not characterized in the corpus

Mechanism profile

Synthesis pass · controlled-vocabulary classification · explore literature graph →
Molecular activity
GO:0140096 catalytic activity, acting on a protein 3 GO:0140657 ATP-dependent activity 3 GO:0140110 transcription regulator activity 2
Localization
GO:0005783 endoplasmic reticulum 2 GO:0005829 cytosol 2 GO:0005634 nucleus 1
Pathway
R-HSA-1266738 Developmental Biology 2 R-HSA-1640170 Cell Cycle 2 R-HSA-392499 Metabolism of proteins 2
Partners
CBX3CDK1GANKYRINHERC1PAAF1PSMC5SYNPHILIN-1TRAP1
Complex memberships
26S proteasome (19S regulatory particle)ER-localized TRAP1-TBP7 complexPSMC4-PSMC5-PAAF1 assembly intermediateTBP-ATPase ~800 kDa transcription complex

Evidence

Reading pass · 20 per-paper findings extracted from the source corpus
Year Finding Method Journal Conf PMIDs
1994 PSMC4 (TBP7) was identified as subunit 6 (S6) of the 26S protease from human erythrocytes, establishing it as an integral ATPase component of the 26S proteasome regulatory complex. SDS-PAGE, CNBr peptide mapping, internal peptide sequencing, and sequence comparison with known proteins Biological chemistry Hoppe-Seyler High 8060531
1996 PSMC4 (MIP224/TBP7) interacts specifically with MB67, an orphan nuclear hormone receptor, and coexpression of MIP224 inhibits transactivation by MB67 in mammalian cells. This interaction was also detected with other CAD-containing proteins (MSS1, TRIP1) in yeast. Yeast two-hybrid screen, coexpression transactivation assay in mammalian cells The Journal of steroid biochemistry and molecular biology Medium 8603043
1996 The N-terminal region of PSMC4 (TBP7) contains a leucine zipper domain, and its central region contains four conserved ATPase motifs (Gx4GKT, DEID, SAT, H/QRxGRx2R) characteristic of ATP-dependent RNA/DNA helicases, with strictly conserved spacing between motifs across proteasomal ATPases. cDNA cloning and protein sequence analysis of rat TBP7 orthologue Biochemical and biophysical research communications Medium 8607789
1998 PSMC4 (TBP7) gene was mapped to human chromosome 19q13.11-q13.13 by fluorescence in situ hybridization, and immunoblot analysis confirmed its association with the purified 26S proteasome. TBP7 showed heterogeneity in electrical charge. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), immunoblot analysis of purified 26S proteasome Biochemical and biophysical research communications Medium 9473509
1999 PSMC4 (TBP7) and other proteasomal ATPases (MSS1, TBP1, SUG1, S4) form a complex with TATA-binding protein (TBP) and a novel transcriptional activator TIP120 (~800 kDa complex), but this TBP-ATPase complex is distinct from the 26S proteasome or its 19S regulatory unit. Direct TBP binding was demonstrated for SUG1 and S4 by far-Western; the remaining ATPases including TBP7 were found in the TIP preparations by 2-D electrophoresis and microsequencing. TBP pull-down, 2-D electrophoresis, far-Western analysis, protein microsequencing, Western blotting Genes to cells : devoted to molecular & cellular mechanisms Medium 10526239
2000 Psmc4-deficient mice die before implantation with defective blastocyst development, demonstrating that PSMC4 is essential for early embryogenesis and has non-compensatory functions in vivo (not rescued by Psmc3). Gene targeting (knockout mice), embryonic lethality analysis Genomics High 10945464
2000 PSMC4 (S6/TBP7) subunit of the 26S proteasome localizes to the heterochromatic region of nuclei in insect muscle fibres undergoing programmed cell death, as determined by immunogold electron microscopy, suggesting a nuclear role for this ATPase subunit during PCD. Immunogold electron microscopy on Manduca sexta intersegmental muscles Cell death and differentiation Medium 11175258
2002 Gankyrin (a liver oncoprotein) interacts with the C-terminal 78 amino acids of PSMC4 (S6/TBP7) ATPase, both in its free form and when associated with the 19S regulatory complex. Overexpression of tagged gankyrin in cultured cells co-precipitates PSMC4 and endogenous CDK4, suggesting a trimeric complex. Yeast two-hybrid screen, deletional mutagenesis, co-immunoprecipitation from cultured cells, precipitation of tagged proteins The Journal of biological chemistry High 11779854
2002 PSMC4 (Tbp7), an ATPase subunit of the 26S proteasome, co-immunoprecipitates with cytokeratin-8 (CK-8), ubiquitin, UBB+1, and proteasomal subunit beta5 in a high-molecular-weight complex associated with Mallory body formation. This complex increases upon incubation with ATP, suggesting active proteasomal engagement with cytokeratin aggregates. Cytokeratin-8 immunoprecipitation, Western blot, in vitro incubation with proteasomal fractions and ATP Experimental and molecular pathology Medium 11784119 12231209
2007 PSMC4 (S6 ATPase/tbp7) directly interacts with synphilin-1 (an alpha-synuclein-interacting protein implicated in Parkinson's disease). Co-overexpression of PSMC4 and synphilin-1 leads to colocalization in aggresome-like inclusions, reduced proteasomal activity, and increased inclusion formation compared to synphilin-1 alone. PSMC4 was also identified as a component of Lewy bodies in PD patient brains. Yeast two-hybrid, co-immunoprecipitation, immunofluorescence colocalization, proteasome activity assay, immunohistochemistry in PD brain FASEB journal High 17327361
2011 PSMC4 (TBP7), an AAA-ATPase 19S proteasomal subunit, directly interacts with TRAP1 (mitochondrial HSP90) in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), not in mitochondria. TRAP1 and TBP7 colocalize in the ER as demonstrated by biochemical fractionation, confocal microscopy, and FRET analysis. TBP7 and/or TRAP1 silencing enhances protein ubiquitination and stress-induced cell death, and TRAP1 controls ubiquitination/degradation of specific nuclear-encoded mitochondrial proteins through this ER-localized interaction. Mass spectrometry interactome, co-immunoprecipitation, confocal microscopy, FRET, subcellular fractionation, shRNA silencing, ubiquitination assays Cell death and differentiation High 21979464
2011 Nrf1 transcription factor drives expression of PSMC4 as a target gene. siRNA-mediated silencing of β-TrCP (which degrades Nrf1 in the nucleus) markedly augments PSMC4 expression, establishing PSMC4 as a downstream target of the Nrf1/β-TrCP regulatory axis. siRNA knockdown, gene expression analysis Molecular and cellular biology Medium 21911472
2014 Muscle-specific deletion of Rpt3 (Psmc4) in mice causes profound muscle growth defects, decreased force production, dysregulated proteasomal activity, impaired autophagosome formation despite upregulated autophagy pathway, accumulation of basophilic inclusions, and sarcomere disorganization. This establishes PSMC4 as essential for maintaining myofiber integrity and muscle growth in vivo. Conditional knockout mice (muscle-specific Cre), histology, electron microscopy, proteasome activity assays, autophagy pathway analysis Journal of cell science High 25380823
2013 The ER-localized TRAP1/TBP7 (PSMC4) complex controls ubiquitination and degradation of CDK1 (and MAD2). TRAP1 interacts with CDK1 and prevents its ubiquitination in cooperation with TBP7; this is the limiting step in TRAP1 regulation of G2-M cell cycle transition. Co-immunoprecipitation, ubiquitination assays, siRNA knockdown, gene expression profiling, immunofluorescence Cell death & disease Medium 24113185
2017 TRAP1 prevents CDK1 ubiquitination through cooperation with the proteasome regulatory particle TBP7 (PSMC4), establishing TBP7 as a co-factor in TRAP1-dependent quality control of CDK1 during G2-M transition. TRAP1 silencing causes enhanced CDK1 ubiquitination, failure of nuclear CDK1/cyclin B1 translocation, and MAD2 degradation. Co-immunoprecipitation, ubiquitination assays, siRNA knockdown, CDK1 inhibitor rescue experiments, gene expression profiling in breast/colorectal/lung carcinoma cells and tumor specimens The Journal of pathology High 28678347
2014 PSMC4 (26S proteasome regulatory subunit 6B) was identified by affinity pull-down and LC-MS/MS as a direct binding target of neuroprotective pyrazolone small molecules. Binding of these molecules to PSMC4 (and PSMC1) was associated with proteasome activation in PC12-SOD1(G93A) cells. Affinity probe pull-down, LC-MS/MS proteomics, competitive displacement with inhibitors, fluorogenic proteasome substrate assay ACS chemical neuroscience Medium 25001311
2021 Unassembled PSMC4 forms a complex with PSMC5 and the assembly chaperone PAAF1 (PSMC4-PSMC5-PAAF1 complex) as an intermediate during proteasome base assembly. HERC1 ubiquitin ligase recognizes this unassembled intermediate via PAAF1 (which only dissociates after complete assembly) and targets PSMC5 for degradation; a neurodegeneration-causing missense mutant of HERC1 is impaired in recognizing the PSMC5-PAAF1 complex. Co-immunoprecipitation, mass spectrometry, ubiquitination assays, HERC1 mutant analysis in mammalian cells Science (New York, N.Y.) High 34446601
2018 PSMC4 is enriched >10-fold in membrane-penetrating cell extensions compared to cell bodies in 3T3 fibroblasts. siRNA knockdown of PSMC4 reduces formation of cell extensions (~42%), collagen compaction (~1.5-fold), and pericellular collagen degradation (~1.7-fold). Recruitment of PSMC4 to extensions depends on Smad3 and ROCK-II signaling pathways. Tandem mass tagged mass spectrometry, immunostaining, immunoblotting, siRNA knockdown, collagen gel compaction assay, pathway inhibitor experiments Experimental cell research Medium 29476834
2023 PSMC4 promotes prostate carcinoma cell proliferation, cell cycle progression, and migration through regulation of CBX3 levels and downstream EGFR-PI3K-AKT-mTOR signaling. PSMC4 knockdown reduces CBX3 and EGFR levels and inhibits PI3K-AKT-mTOR; CBX3 overexpression rescues EGFR levels. PSMC4 and CBX3 interact as shown by co-IP. siRNA knockdown, co-immunoprecipitation, RNA-seq, Western blotting, xenograft tumor model, cell proliferation/apoptosis/migration assays Journal of cellular and molecular medicine Medium 37436074
2009 PSMC4 (PSMC4/Rpt3) is present on the sperm acrosomal surface as part of the 19S proteasome complex. Depletion of sperm-surface ATP by apyrase altered the band pattern of PSMC4 (and PSMC1) in Western blotting, suggesting that extracellular ATP is required for integrity of the sperm 19S proteasomal complex and sperm-zona pellucida interactions during fertilization. Western blotting, ATP depletion with apyrase, in vitro fertilization assay, luminescence ATP assay Systems biology in reproductive medicine Low 19462288

Source papers

Stage 0 corpus · 61 papers · ranked by NIH iCite citations
Year Title Journal Citations PMID
2004 Statistical modeling for selecting housekeeper genes. Genome biology 155 15287981
2002 Gankyrin is an ankyrin-repeat oncoprotein that interacts with CDK4 kinase and the S6 ATPase of the 26 S proteasome. The Journal of biological chemistry 109 11779854
2012 A molecular signature in blood identifies early Parkinson's disease. Molecular neurodegeneration 98 22651796
2021 Prognoses and genomic analyses of proteasome 26S subunit, ATPase (PSMC) family genes in clinical breast cancer. Aging 93 34329194
2011 Dual regulation of the transcriptional activity of Nrf1 by β-TrCP- and Hrd1-dependent degradation mechanisms. Molecular and cellular biology 87 21911472
2011 TRAP1 and the proteasome regulatory particle TBP7/Rpt3 interact in the endoplasmic reticulum and control cellular ubiquitination of specific mitochondrial proteins. Cell death and differentiation 86 21979464
2007 Evaluation and validation of candidate endogenous control genes for real-time quantitative PCR studies of breast cancer. BMC molecular biology 86 18042273
2015 'Conceptualizing' the Endometrium: Identification of Conceptus-Derived Proteins During Early Pregnancy in Cattle. Biology of reproduction 82 25947061
2014 Proteasome dysfunction induces muscle growth defects and protein aggregation. Journal of cell science 71 25380823
2011 Identification of genes that elicit disuse muscle atrophy via the transcription factors p50 and Bcl-3. PloS one 68 21249144
2013 Translational control in the stress adaptive response of cancer cells: a novel role for the heat shock protein TRAP1. Cell death & disease 64 24113185
2010 Transcription alterations of members of the ubiquitin-proteasome network in prostate carcinoma. Prostate cancer and prostatic diseases 44 21102547
2007 The proteasomal subunit S6 ATPase is a novel synphilin-1 interacting protein--implications for Parkinson's disease. FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology 44 17327361
2014 Proteasome activation is a mechanism for pyrazolone small molecules displaying therapeutic potential in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. ACS chemical neuroscience 43 25001311
2002 The role of the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway in the formation of mallory bodies. Experimental and molecular pathology 43 12231209
2002 The Mallory body as an aggresome: in vitro studies. Experimental and molecular pathology 42 11784119
1994 Tat-binding protein 7 is a subunit of the 26S protease. Biological chemistry Hoppe-Seyler 42 8060531
1998 Chromosomal localization and immunological analysis of a family of human 26S proteasomal ATPases. Biochemical and biophysical research communications 40 9473509
2000 Mouse proteasomal ATPases Psmc3 and Psmc4: genomic organization and gene targeting. Genomics 39 10945464
2017 TRAP1 controls cell cycle G2-M transition through the regulation of CDK1 and MAD2 expression/ubiquitination. The Journal of pathology 37 28678347
2021 Identification of a quality-control factor that monitors failures during proteasome assembly. Science (New York, N.Y.) 36 34446601
2020 Impact of pseudoprogression and treatment beyond progression on outcome in patients with non-small cell lung cancer treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors. Oncoimmunology 35 32923136
2017 Differential Alterations in Metabolism and Proteolysis-Related Proteins in Human Parkinson's Disease Substantia Nigra. Neurotoxicity research 35 29218503
2012 Mitochondrial proteomics of nasopharyngeal carcinoma metastasis. BMC medical genomics 35 23217164
2012 Identification of suitable reference genes for real-time PCR analysis of statin-treated human umbilical vein endothelial cells. PloS one 33 23251572
1999 Multiple mammalian proteasomal ATPases, but not proteasome itself, are associated with TATA-binding protein and a novel transcriptional activator, TIP120. Genes to cells : devoted to molecular & cellular mechanisms 33 10526239
2003 The mechanism of cytokeratin aggresome formation: the role of mutant ubiquitin (UBB+1). Experimental and molecular pathology 29 12710947
2016 Selection and validation of reliable reference genes for RT-qPCR analysis in a large cohort of pituitary adenomas. Molecular and cellular endocrinology 27 27561203
2013 TRAP1 role in endoplasmic reticulum stress protection favors resistance to anthracyclins in breast carcinoma cells. International journal of oncology 27 24297638
2020 Selection of Endogenous Control Reference Genes for Studies on Type 1 or Type 2 Endometrial Cancer. Scientific reports 25 32439920
2013 Optimal reference genes for normalization of qRT-PCR data from archival formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded breast tumors controlling for tumor cell content and decay of mRNA. Diagnostic molecular pathology : the American journal of surgical pathology, part B 25 23846446
2012 Identification of stable endogenous control genes for transcriptional profiling of photon, proton and carbon-ion irradiated cells. Radiation oncology (London, England) 23 22594372
2017 TRAP1 protein signature predicts outcome in human metastatic colorectal carcinoma. Oncotarget 22 28177905
1996 Structures of the rat proteasomal ATPases: determination of highly conserved structural motifs and rules for their spacing. Biochemical and biophysical research communications 20 8607789
2014 Transcription factors involved in prostate gland adaptation to androgen deprivation. PloS one 18 24886974
1996 A component of the 26S proteasome binds on orphan member of the nuclear hormone receptor superfamily. The Journal of steroid biochemistry and molecular biology 18 8603043
2009 Sperm-surface ATP in boar spermatozoa is required for fertilization: relevance to sperm proteasomal function. Systems biology in reproductive medicine 17 19462288
2006 Identification of non-HLA target antigens recognized after lung transplantation. The Journal of heart and lung transplantation : the official publication of the International Society for Heart Transplantation 17 17178336
2023 PSMC4 promotes prostate carcinoma progression by regulating the CBX3-EGFR-PI3K-AKT-mTOR pathway. Journal of cellular and molecular medicine 15 37436074
2000 Localisation of 26S proteasomes with different subunit composition in insect muscles undergoing programmed cell death. Cell death and differentiation 15 11175258
2021 Upregulated monocyte expression of PLIN2 is associated with early arterial injury in children with overweight/obesity. Atherosclerosis 13 34044206
2012 Psychotropics regulate Skp1a, Aldh1a1, and Hspa8 transcription--potential to delay Parkinson's disease. Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology & biological psychiatry 13 23046827
2022 Proteomics analysis of cancer tissues identifies IGF2R as a potential therapeutic target in laryngeal carcinoma. Frontiers in endocrinology 12 36299463
2022 Genetic Cross-Talk between Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Type 2 Diabetes: The Potential Role of Immunity. Disease markers 10 35634436
2018 Novel proteins that regulate cell extension formation in fibroblasts. Experimental cell research 9 29476834
2022 Identifying Potential Mitochondrial Proteome Signatures Associated with the Pathogenesis of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension in the Rat Model. Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity 8 35237384
2022 Salmonella Typhimurium induces genome-wide expression and phosphorylation changes that modulate immune response, intracellular survival and vesicle transport in infected neutrophils. Developmental and comparative immunology 7 36450302
2022 In-depth systems biological evaluation of bovine alveolar macrophages suggests novel insights into molecular mechanisms underlying Mycobacterium bovis infection. Frontiers in microbiology 7 36532492
2024 Bioinformatics to analyze the differentially expressed genes in different degrees of Alzheimer's disease and their roles in progress of the disease. Journal of applied genetics 6 38315405
2023 Novel insights into the immune cell landscape and gene signatures in autism spectrum disorder by bioinformatics and clinical analysis. Frontiers in immunology 5 36761165
2023 Differential expression of PSMC4, SKP1, and HSPA8 in Parkinson's disease: insights from a Mexican mestizo population. Frontiers in molecular neuroscience 5 38115821
2022 A-to-I nonsynonymous RNA editing was significantly enriched in the ubiquitination site and correlated with clinical features and immune response. Scientific reports 5 36064557
2021 Novel Insight Into the Association Between Obesity and Hepatocellular Carcinoma Occurrence and Recurrence: High-Throughput Microarray Data Set Analysis of Differentially Expressed Genes. JCO clinical cancer informatics 5 34860577
2018 Classical swine fever virus non-structural protein 4B binds tank-binding kinase 1. Journal of biosciences 4 30541955
2024 NDRG1 upregulation by ubiquitin proteasome system dysfunction aggravates neurodegeneration. Molecular brain 3 39444004
2025 Discovering new hub genes of dilated cardiomyopathy. ESC heart failure 1 40074718
2022 Identification of Suitable Reference Genes for Lowlanders Exposed to High Altitude and Ladakhi Highlanders. High altitude medicine & biology 1 36219748
2026 Atorvastatin Protects Against Deleterious Carfilzomib-Induced Transcriptional Changes in Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Cardiomyocytes. International journal of molecular sciences 0 41683782
2026 Best reference genes for unbiased normalized transcript expression in normal and dystrophic human cell models of myogenesis. PloS one 0 41824434
2026 Identification of Polyamine Metabolism-Related Biomarkers in Psoriasis: A Study Based on Transcriptomics and Single-Cell Sequencing. Experimental dermatology 0 42223029
2025 The mechanism underlying the oncogenic potential of AAA+ ATPase PSMC4 in cancer is revealed by mutations and copy number amplifications. Mutation research 0 39985882

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