Affinage

CBX3

Chromobox protein homolog 3 · UniProt Q13185

Length
183 aa
Mass
20.8 kDa
Annotated
2026-04-28
100 papers in source corpus 41 papers cited in narrative 41 extracted findings

Mechanistic narrative

Synthesis pass · prose summary of the discoveries below

CBX3 (HP1γ) is a chromatin reader protein that bridges heterochromatin maintenance, transcription elongation, co-transcriptional RNA processing, DNA replication, and DNA damage repair. Its chromodomain recognizes H3K9me2/3, H1K26me2, and G9aK185me3 on compacted nucleosomes, while its chromoshadow domain dimerizes in an antiparallel arrangement and engages PXVXL-motif partners such as KAP1, TRIM66, and NSD1 to coordinate histone modification, phase separation, and H3K36me3 deposition at gene bodies (PMID:22514736, PMID:41575850, PMID:33237287, PMID:40070663). HP1γ occupies transcribed gene bodies in an RNA polymerase II elongation–dependent manner, binds intronic SINE-element RNA to tether pre-mRNA to chromatin, and recruits splicing factors for efficient co-transcriptional splicing; it also recruits Mediator/Med26 at promoters during neural differentiation and represses specific gene sets (STAT1, Notch3, NCOR2) through H3K9me3-dependent silencing (PMID:16061184, PMID:34312949, PMID:22684280, PMID:28270516, PMID:38684864). Multiple kinases (Aurora A, MSK1, PKA at S83; CK2 at S95; PLK1) and post-translational modifications (HDAC1 deacetylation at K5, PAD4 citrullination at R38/R39) dynamically regulate HP1γ chromatin residence, stability, and functional interactions with RPA2, RB1, and MDC1, linking it to replication fork protection, cell cycle progression, and drug resistance (PMID:23829974, PMID:38781342, PMID:30194940, PMID:36894562, PMID:37949681). In vivo, Cbx3 is essential for male germ cell survival, meiotic synapsis, and retrotransposon silencing, and its loss at D4Z4 repeats disrupts cohesin recruitment relevant to facioscapulohumeral dystrophy (PMID:20423503, PMID:21896631, PMID:19593370).

Mechanistic history

Synthesis pass · year-by-year structured walk · 28 steps
  1. 2000 High

    Resolving contradictory localization reports, HP1γ was shown to occupy both euchromatin and heterochromatin, with epitope masking explaining prior discrepancies — establishing that HP1γ is not exclusively a heterochromatin factor.

    Evidence Multi-epitope immunocytochemistry and GFP-fusion imaging in mouse 3T3 cells

    PMID:11124534

    Open questions at the time
    • Functional significance of euchromatic localization unknown
    • Identity of the N-terminal masking modification not determined
  2. 2005 High

    HP1γ was discovered at the transcribed bodies of active genes in a manner dependent on RNA polymerase II elongation, fundamentally shifting understanding from a purely silencing role to one in active transcription.

    Evidence ChIP across active genes with RNA Pol II inhibitor treatment in mammalian cells

    PMID:16061184

    Open questions at the time
    • Mechanism of HP1γ recruitment to elongating Pol II not defined
    • Whether HP1γ directly contacts Pol II or an adaptor unknown
  3. 2007 High

    HP1γ was shown to mediate chromatin-based silencing of integrated HIV-1 via Suv39H1-deposited H3K9me3, demonstrating its canonical repressive function at a retroviral locus including in primary patient cells.

    Evidence RNAi knockdown, ChIP, and transcription assays in latently infected cell lines and PBMCs from HIV+ donors

    PMID:17245432

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether HP1γ directly recruits HDAC complexes at HIV-1 LTR not tested
  4. 2008 High

    An isoform switch was identified at the HIV-1 LTR: HP1β marks the silent promoter with non-processive Pol II, while HP1γ replaces it upon activation and co-travels with processive Pol II into the gene body, establishing isoform-specific roles in transcription.

    Evidence ChIP time-course during HIV-1 LTR activation with isoform-specific RNAi

    PMID:18239689

    Open questions at the time
    • Signal triggering the HP1β-to-HP1γ switch not identified
    • Whether this isoform switch is general beyond HIV-1 not tested
  5. 2009 High

    HP1γ and cohesin were found co-recruited to D4Z4 repeats in an H3K9me3-dependent manner, and this recruitment is disrupted in FSHD patient cells, linking HP1γ to repeat-element regulation and a muscular dystrophy.

    Evidence ChIP with D4Z4-specific primers in patient and normal cells; SUV39H1 siRNA

    PMID:19593370

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether HP1γ directly contacts cohesin or an intermediary unknown
    • Mechanism of D4Z4 derepression in FSHD beyond H3K9me3 loss not resolved
  6. 2010 High

    Cbx3 hypomorphic mice revealed HP1γ is essential for male germ cell survival and retrotransposon (L1) silencing, defining an in vivo requirement in the germline.

    Evidence Gene-targeted Cbx3 hypomorphic mouse with L1 ORF1p immunostaining

    PMID:20423503

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether L1 derepression is a cause or consequence of germ cell loss not resolved
    • Mechanism of HP1γ-mediated L1 silencing in germ cells not defined
  7. 2010 High

    Genetic epistasis between HP1γ and KDM4A demethylase, conserved from C. elegans to mammals, established HP1γ as a rate-limiting chromatin factor for S phase progression whose activity is antagonized by H3K9me3 demethylation.

    Evidence Double mutant/overexpression epistasis in mammalian cells and C. elegans; BrdU incorporation and replication timing

    PMID:21145482

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct mechanism by which HP1γ controls replication timing not identified
  8. 2011 High

    HP1γ was shown to facilitate alternative exon inclusion by slowing Pol II elongation and stabilizing pre-mRNA–chromatin association at H3K9me3-marked alternative exons, establishing its role in co-transcriptional splicing regulation.

    Evidence ChIP, siRNA, splicing assays, and RNA-chromatin association assays at CD44 locus

    PMID:21358630

    Open questions at the time
    • How HP1γ mechanistically slows Pol II not determined
    • Generality beyond CD44 not demonstrated at this point
  9. 2011 High

    Cbx3 knockout spermatocytes showed defective centromere clustering and meiotic synapsis phenocopying G9a loss, placing HP1γ downstream of Suv39h-mediated H3K9me3 in the meiotic chromosome pairing pathway.

    Evidence Cbx3 KO mouse spermatocytes compared with Suv39h1/h2 and G9a knockouts

    PMID:21896631

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct interaction between HP1γ and synapsis machinery not shown
  10. 2012 High

    Structural determination of the CBX3 chromodomain bound to H1K26me2 and G9aK185me3 peptides revealed HP1γ reads methylation marks on non-histone substrates through a conserved aromatic cage, expanding its reader function beyond H3K9me.

    Evidence Crystal structures with ITC/fluorescence binding affinity measurements

    PMID:22514736

    Open questions at the time
    • Functional consequence of G9aK185me3 or H1K26me2 reading in cells not demonstrated
  11. 2012 High

    Genome-wide ChIP-seq confirmed HP1γ decorates active gene bodies and showed that its depletion causes accumulation of unspliced transcripts and defective splicing factor (SNRNP70) recruitment, establishing a global co-transcriptional splicing role.

    Evidence ChIP-seq, RNAi, RNA-seq, and splicing factor ChIP in human cells

    PMID:22684280

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether HP1γ directly contacts spliceosome components or acts indirectly not resolved
  12. 2013 High

    Aurora A was identified as a mitotic kinase for HP1γ S83; phosphomimetic and non-phosphorylatable mutants showed this modification is required for proper cell division, establishing a cell-cycle-regulated phosphorylation switch.

    Evidence Site-directed mutagenesis (S83A/S83D), siRNA rescue, immunofluorescence, proliferation assays

    PMID:23829974

    Open questions at the time
    • What Aurora A phosphorylation does to HP1γ chromatin binding specificity not defined
  13. 2013 High

    HP1γ was shown to interact with BRCA1 and undergo dynamic disassembly/reassembly at gene promoters during DNA damage and repair, recruiting SUV39H1 to restore H3K9me3 and repression after repair.

    Evidence Co-IP (HP1γ–BRCA1), time-lapse ChIP after DNA damage, mutant analysis

    PMID:23074186

    Open questions at the time
    • Signal triggering HP1γ eviction at damage sites not identified
  14. 2014 High

    MSK1 was identified as a second kinase for HP1γ S83, operating under inflammatory signaling; Shigella OspF exploits this by inactivating MSK1 to reduce HP1γ phosphorylation and alter target gene expression during infection.

    Evidence In vitro kinase assay, Co-IP (MSK1–HP1γ), phospho-specific antibodies, ChIP, guinea pig infection model

    PMID:25216677

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether Aurora A and MSK1 phosphorylate the same or different HP1γ pools not resolved
  15. 2015 High

    HP1γ was found to preferentially bind H3K9me3-containing nucleosomes only when they are compacted (by Mg²⁺ or linker histone H1), with the hinge region conferring this selectivity — distinguishing HP1γ from HP1α which binds uncompacted chromatin.

    Evidence In vitro reconstituted tetra-nucleosome binding assays with compaction agents; domain swaps

    PMID:26319017

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether compaction-dependent binding explains euchromatin vs. heterochromatin partitioning in vivo not tested
  16. 2017 High

    CBX3 was shown to recruit Mediator subunit Med26 to neural gene promoters during ESC differentiation, defining a lineage-gating mechanism where HP1γ loss causes aberrant mesodermal gene activation.

    Evidence ChIP-seq, RNAi, RNA-seq during murine ESC neural differentiation

    PMID:28270516

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether CBX3-Med26 interaction is direct or bridged by chromatin not resolved
  17. 2017 Medium

    HP1γ was found in the cytoplasm where it interacts with actin in both nuclear and cytosolic fractions, and an HP1γ–actin complex occupies the promoter and gene body of GAPDH by re-ChIP, suggesting a cytoskeletal–chromatin coupling function.

    Evidence Subcellular fractionation, Co-IP, immunoelectron microscopy, re-ChIP in myoblasts

    PMID:29208528

    Open questions at the time
    • Functional role of cytoplasmic HP1γ–actin interaction not defined beyond correlation
    • Actin interaction not validated by reciprocal pulldown or structural methods
  18. 2018 Medium

    NGF-PKA signaling was shown to phosphorylate HP1γ at S83 during neuronal differentiation, triggering heterochromatin dissociation and proteasomal degradation, thus identifying a third kinase (PKA) for S83 and a degradation-coupled mechanism for differentiation.

    Evidence Phospho-specific antibody, CoIP, gain/loss-of-function in PC12 cells

    PMID:30305677

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct PKA phosphorylation of HP1γ S83 not confirmed by in vitro kinase assay
    • Ubiquitin ligase mediating proteasomal degradation not identified
  19. 2019 High

    PAD4-mediated citrullination of HP1γ at R38/R39 within the chromodomain was shown to diminish H3K9me3 binding and reduce chromatin residence time, establishing a new post-translational modification that dynamically regulates HP1γ–chromatin interaction in ESCs.

    Evidence In vitro PAD4 citrullination assay, mutagenesis, H3K9me3 peptide binding, live-cell single-particle tracking in mESCs

    PMID:30194940 PMID:30940194

    Open questions at the time
    • In vivo functional consequence of citrullination on gene expression not shown
    • Whether citrullination targets a specific HP1γ pool not determined
  20. 2020 High

    HPV E6 was found to drive HP1γ nuclear export via exportin-1/CRM1, derepressing UBE2L3 and enabling E6-dependent p53 polyubiquitination, mechanistically linking HP1γ nuclear-cytoplasmic shuttling to cervical carcinogenesis.

    Evidence NES mutagenesis, Co-IP (E6–HP1γ, exportin-1), leptomycin B, tumor xenograft

    PMID:32203172

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether HP1γ export is a general viral strategy beyond HPV not tested
  21. 2020 High

    HP1γ was shown to regulate H3K36me3 at gene bodies via direct interaction with NSD1 through its chromoshadow and hinge domains, independently of its H3K9me3-reading chromodomain — uncovering a new chromodomain-independent function in ESC self-renewal and differentiation.

    Evidence HP1γ deletion ESCs, ChIP-seq, domain mutant analysis, Co-IP of HP1γ–NSD1

    PMID:33237287

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether NSD1 interaction is direct or bridged by other chromoshadow-domain partners not resolved structurally
  22. 2021 High

    CLIP-seq revealed HP1γ binds RNA directly via hexameric motifs in intronic SINE elements, tethering pre-mRNA to chromatin to suppress cryptic splice site usage — providing the molecular basis for its co-transcriptional splicing function.

    Evidence CLIP-seq, RIP, RNA-seq splicing analysis, HP1γ mutant analysis

    PMID:34312949

    Open questions at the time
    • RNA-binding domain not mapped to a specific HP1γ region
    • Whether RNA binding and H3K9me3 binding are concurrent or competitive not tested
  23. 2023 High

    HDAC1 deacetylation of HP1γ at K5 was shown to stabilize the protein and promote nuclear condensation, enabling MDC1 interaction and DNA repair in bortezomib-resistant myeloma — connecting HP1γ acetylation status to drug resistance through chromatin remodeling.

    Evidence SILAC acetyl-proteomics, Co-IP (HP1γ–MDC1), HDAC1 inhibitor, acetylation mutants, ChIP-seq, in vivo resistance assays

    PMID:36894562

    Open questions at the time
    • Identity of the acetyltransferase that acetylates K5 not determined
    • Whether K5 acetylation occurs under normal physiology not examined
  24. 2023 Medium

    HP1γ loss in MEFs reduced TRF1 transcription and caused telomeric R-loop accumulation and replication stress, revealing a role in telomere homeostasis through transcriptional control of shelterin components.

    Evidence HP1γ KO MEFs, DRIP, telomere FISH, RT-qPCR

    PMID:37598977

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether HP1γ binds TRF1 promoter directly not shown by ChIP
    • Sex-specific telomere phenotype mechanism not explained
  25. 2024 High

    CK2 was identified as a kinase for CBX3 at S95, triggering CDH1-mediated degradation and release of RPA2 at stalled replication forks to permit RFWD3-dependent fork restart — establishing HP1γ as a replication fork stabilizer.

    Evidence Co-IP (CBX3–RPA2), in vitro CK2 kinase assay, stalled fork assays, RFWD3 epistasis, PARP inhibitor sensitivity

    PMID:38781342

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether RPA2 retention by CBX3 occurs at all stalled forks or specific genomic contexts not determined
  26. 2024 Medium

    CBX3 was found to bind EP300 and redirect its acetyltransferase specificity toward lactyl-CoA, promoting histone lactylation and an immunosuppressive program in glioblastoma stem cells.

    Evidence Co-IP (CBX3–EP300), lactylation assays, siRNA, transcriptomics, phagocytosis assays

    PMID:39545414

    Open questions at the time
    • Structural basis for how CBX3 alters EP300 substrate specificity not determined
    • Whether CBX3-EP300 lactylation axis operates outside glioblastoma not tested
  27. 2025 High

    Crystal structure and NMR of the HP1γ chromoshadow domain bound to KAP1's HP1 box revealed an antiparallel dimer-of-dimers arrangement distinct from HP1α's parallel oligomerization, providing the structural basis for HP1γ-specific gene repression with KAP1 in ESCs.

    Evidence Crystallography, NMR, mass photometry, rescue experiments in KAP1/HP1-knockout ESCs

    PMID:41575850

    Open questions at the time
    • How antiparallel vs. parallel CSD arrangement translates to functional specificity in chromatin not fully understood
  28. 2025 Medium

    TRIM66 was shown to engage HP1γ via a PxVxL motif and enable liquid-liquid phase separation of HP1γ at H3K9me3-marked facultative heterochromatin, linking HP1γ compartmentalization to phase separation biology.

    Evidence Co-IP, in vitro LLPS reconstitution, in vivo granule formation, H3K9me3 co-localization

    PMID:40070663

    Open questions at the time
    • Functional consequence of TRIM66-HP1γ LLPS on gene expression not shown
    • Whether phase separation is required for HP1γ silencing or is a secondary property not resolved

Open questions

Synthesis pass · forward-looking unresolved questions
  • Key open questions include: how HP1γ coordinates its simultaneous RNA-binding and H3K9me3-reading activities at the same locus; which E3 ligase(s) ubiquitinate HP1γ for proteasomal turnover during differentiation; and whether the phase-separation capacity of HP1γ–partner condensates is functionally required for heterochromatin maintenance versus transcription elongation.
  • No structural model for HP1γ RNA binding domain
  • Ubiquitin ligase(s) targeting HP1γ for degradation not identified
  • Phase-separation requirement versus correlation not resolved in vivo

Mechanism profile

Synthesis pass · controlled-vocabulary classification · explore literature graph →
Molecular activity
GO:0042393 histone binding 5 GO:0140110 transcription regulator activity 5 GO:0098772 molecular function regulator activity 2 GO:0003723 RNA binding 1
Localization
GO:0005634 nucleus 3 GO:0005694 chromosome 3 GO:0000228 nuclear chromosome 2 GO:0005829 cytosol 1
Pathway
R-HSA-4839726 Chromatin organization 6 R-HSA-74160 Gene expression (Transcription) 5 R-HSA-1266738 Developmental Biology 4 R-HSA-73894 DNA Repair 4 R-HSA-8953854 Metabolism of RNA 3 R-HSA-1640170 Cell Cycle 2 R-HSA-69306 DNA Replication 2
Partners
BRCA1EP300MDC1MED26NSD1RPA2TRIM28TRIM66
Complex memberships
CBX3-NSD1 complexCBX3-TRIM28-TRIM24-RBBP4 complexKAP1/HP1γ repressive complex

Evidence

Reading pass · 41 per-paper findings extracted from the source corpus
Year Finding Method Journal Conf PMIDs
2005 HP1γ (CBX3) localizes to the transcribed regions of active genes in mammalian chromatin, and its presence there depends on elongation by RNA polymerase II, demonstrating a role for HP1γ in transcription elongation rather than exclusively in gene silencing. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) across active genes; RNA polymerase II inhibition experiments Molecular cell High 16061184
2007 Suv39H1 and HP1γ (CBX3), together with H3K9 trimethylation, mediate chromatin-based repression of integrated HIV-1 gene expression; RNAi knockdown of HP1γ reactivates HIV-1 transcription in latently infected cells including PBMCs from HIV-1-infected donors. RNAi knockdown, ChIP, transcription assays in multiple cellular models including primary PBMCs The EMBO journal High 17245432
2000 HP1γ (CBX3) localizes to both euchromatin and heterochromatin compartments of interphase nuclei, and is present at pericentromeric chromatin and chromosome arms during mitosis; the N-terminal epitope is selectively masked in non-replicative heterochromatin, explaining prior contradictory localization reports. Immunocytochemistry with antibodies directed against distinct epitopes; GFP-fusion live imaging; immunofluorescence on 3T3 cells Cytogenetics and cell genetics High 11124534
2011 HP1γ (CBX3) facilitates inclusion of alternative exons in CD44 pre-mRNA by decreasing RNA polymerase II elongation rate and stabilizing association of the pre-mRNA with chromatin; elevated H3K9me3 at alternative exons is required for HP1γ recruitment to these regions. ChIP, siRNA knockdown, splicing assays, RNA-chromatin association assays Nature structural & molecular biology High 21358630
2009 HP1γ (CBX3) and cohesin are co-recruited to D4Z4 repeats in an H3K9me3-dependent and cell type-specific manner; SUV39H1-mediated H3K9me3 at D4Z4 is required for HP1γ/cohesin recruitment, and this is disrupted in FSHD. ChIP with D4Z4-specific primers; siRNA knockdown of SUV39H1; analysis of patient and normal cells PLoS genetics High 19593370
2010 JMJD2A/KDM4A demethylase overexpression increases chromatin accessibility and antagonizes HP1γ-dependent S phase progression; overexpression of HP1γ antagonizes JMJD2A-dependent S phase acceleration, and this antagonism is conserved in C. elegans (HPL-2 vs JMJD-2). Genetic epistasis (double mutant/overexpression in mammalian cells and C. elegans), BrdU incorporation, replication timing assays Molecular cell High 21145482
2012 CBX3 (HP1γ) binds to gene bodies genome-wide in a manner correlating with gene activity; CBX3 depletion leads to accumulation of unspliced nascent transcripts and defective recruitment of splicing factors (SNRNP70) to target genes, indicating a role in efficient cotranscriptional RNA processing. Genome-wide ChIP-seq, RNAi knockdown, RNA-seq, splicing factor ChIP Genome research High 22684280
2011 HP1γ (CBX3/Cbx3) links H3K9me2 at pericentric heterochromatin to meiotic synapsis; H3K9me2 at PCH depends on Suv39h1/h2-mediated H3K9me3 recognized by Cbx3/HP1γ, and Cbx3-deficient spermatocytes show defective centromere clustering and synapsis similar to G9a-deficient animals. Cbx3 knockout mouse generation, comparative analysis with Suv39h1/h2 and G9a knockout spermatocytes, genetic epistasis Development (Cambridge, England) High 21896631
2010 HP1γ (CBX3) is required for male germ cell survival and spermatogenesis; hypomorphic Cbx3 mice show severe hypogonadism with germ cell loss and increased L1 retrotransposon expression (ORF1p), indicating a role for HP1γ in transposon silencing in germ cells. Gene-targeted hypomorphic mouse (Cbx3hypo), immunostaining, L1 ORF1p detection Epigenetics & chromatin High 20423503
2008 During HIV-1 LTR activation, HP1β is replaced by HP1γ on the promoter; HP1γ localizes both to the promoter and inside the coding region together with processive RNA polymerase II, while HP1β acts as a repressor with non-processive RNA polymerase II before stimulation. ChIP time-course during HIV-1 LTR activation, RNAi knockdown of HP1 isoforms EMBO reports High 18239689
2012 The CBX3 chromodomain binds not only H3K9me3 but also dimethylated histone H1K26 and trimethylated G9aK185 with comparable affinities; crystal structures of the human CBX3 chromodomain in complex with H1K26me2 and G9aK185me3 peptides reveal a conserved binding mechanism. Crystal structure determination, binding affinity assays (ITC/fluorescence), structural analysis PloS one High 22514736
2014 Shigella OspF phosphothreonine lyase interacts with HP1γ and inactivates ERK/MSK1 to reduce HP1γ phosphorylation at serine 83 (S83); MSK1 is identified as a novel HP1γ kinase that phosphorylates HP1γ at S83 in an MSK1-HP1γ complex, promoting HP1γ accumulation at target genes. Co-IP (MSK1-HP1γ complex), in vitro kinase assay, phospho-specific antibodies, ChIP, transcriptome analysis, guinea pig in vivo model The EMBO journal High 25216677
2013 HP1γ interacts with BRCA1 and regulates BRCA1-mediated transcription; following DNA damage, HP1γ disassembles from the promoter while BRCA1 is recruited, and after repair, HP1γ reassembles via its BRCA1 interaction, recruiting SUV39H1 to restore H3K9 methylation and transcriptional repression. Co-IP (HP1γ-BRCA1), ChIP time-lapse after DNA damage, HP1γ mutant analysis, siRNA of histone methyltransferases Nucleic acids research High 23074186
2011 Histone variant H3.3 and HP1γ cooperate to activate HSP70 transcription upon heat shock; H3.3 promotes stable HP1γ recruitment to HSP70 promoters, and HP1γ selectively recognizes specific modification states of H3.3 in the nucleosome; knockdown of either H3.3 or HP1γ attenuates HSP70 promoter activity. ChIP, siRNA knockdown, reporter assays, nucleosome binding assays Nucleic acids research Medium 21742762
2011 Recruitment of NIPBL (cohesin loading factor) to DNA double-strand break sites requires HP1γ; NIPBL's C-terminal HEAT repeat region containing an HP1-interacting motif mediates this recruitment, and HP1γ depletion by RNAi compromises NIPBL accumulation at damaged sites. RNAi knockdown, micro-irradiation DSB assays, I-PpoI endonuclease DSB assays, NIPBL domain deletion analysis Biochemical and biophysical research communications Medium 21784059
2015 HP1γ binding to H3K9me3-containing nucleosomes is strongly enhanced by nucleosome compaction (induced by Mg2+ or linker histone H1), whereas HP1α can bind uncompacted nucleosomes; the hinge region connecting the chromodomain and chromoshadow domain accounts for this distinct recognition property. In vitro reconstituted tetra-nucleosome binding assays, Mg2+ and linker histone H1 compaction, domain analysis Nucleic acids research High 26319017
2013 Aurora A kinase phosphorylates HP1γ at serine 83 (S83) during G2/M phase; non-phosphorylatable S83A-HP1γ cannot rescue mitotic aberrations caused by HP1γ knockdown, while phosphomimetic S83D-HP1γ increases EdU incorporation, establishing an Aurora A-HP1γ pathway required for proper somatic cell division. Immunofluorescence co-localization, site-directed mutagenesis (S83A/S83D), siRNA knockdown, proliferation assays, genome-wide expression profiling Epigenetics & chromatin High 23829974
2017 CBX3/HP1γ binds to gene promoters upon neural differentiation and recruits the Mediator subunit Med26; RNAi knockdown of Cbx3 or Med26 inhibits neural differentiation while upregulating mesodermal lineage genes, establishing a Cbx3-Med26 axis for lineage fidelity. ChIP-seq, RNAi knockdown, RNA-seq, neural differentiation assays of murine ESCs Genes & development High 28270516
2017 HP1γ (CBX3) directly represses expression of NCOR2 and ZBTB7A through its H3K9me3-binding chromodomain; binding activity to methylated H3K9 is required for HP1γ-dependent proliferation, colony formation, and migration of lung adenocarcinoma cells, and NCOR2/ZBTB7A knockdown restores these defects in HP1γ-depleted cells. Chromodomain mutant analysis, ChIP, siRNA epistasis, proliferation/migration assays, in vivo K-RasG12D mouse model Cancer research High 29764865
2018 CBX3 inhibits VSMC proliferation and migration by transcriptionally repressing Notch3 through a transcriptional repression mechanism; Notch3 reactivation reverses the effects of CBX3 overexpression on VSMC proliferation and migration, and CBX3 overexpression reduces neointima formation after carotid wire injury in vivo. Luciferase reporter assays, overexpression/knockdown, carotid wire injury mouse model, gene expression analysis Cardiovascular research High 29206900
2018 CBX3 negatively regulates FBP1 expression to promote aerobic glycolysis in pancreatic cancer cells; FBP1 silencing attenuates the decrease in glycolytic capacity caused by CBX3 knockdown. CBX3 siRNA knockdown, glycolysis assays, FBP1 expression analysis, rescue experiments Biochemical and biophysical research communications Medium 29678579
2019 HP1γ (CBX3) is citrullinated at R38 and R39 within its chromodomain by PAD4 in mouse ESCs; citrullination at these residues diminishes H3K9me3 binding in vitro and reduces HP1γ residence time on chromatin in vivo; H3K9me3 peptides enhance PAD4-mediated citrullination of HP1γ. In vitro citrullination/PAD4 assay, mutagenesis (R38/R39), H3K9me3 binding assay, live-cell single-particle tracking Epigenetics & chromatin High 30194940
2019 HP1γ is citrullinated in mouse ESCs by PAD4; citrullination is dynamically regulated during differentiation and diminishes when cells differentiate. Mass spectrometry-based detection of citrullination, in vitro PAD4 assay Epigenetics & chromatin High 30940194
2018 NGF-PKA signaling during neuronal differentiation leads to phosphorylation of HP1γ at S83 via PKA, decreased association with heterochromatin, and subsequent proteasomal degradation of HP1γ; forced HP1γ overexpression antagonizes neuronal differentiation. Gain-of-function/loss-of-function in PC12 cells, phospho-specific antibody, co-immunoprecipitation, genome-wide expression profiling Scientific reports Medium 30305677
2020 HP1γ (CBX3) regulates H3K36me3 levels at genic regions in ESCs through interaction with NSD1 (an H3K36 methyltransferase) via its chromoshadow and hinge domains, independently of its chromodomain H3K9me3-reading activity; HP1γ deletion reduces H3K36me3 and impairs ESC self-renewal and cardiac mesoderm differentiation. HP1γ deletion ESCs, ChIP-seq (H3K36me3/H3K9me3), domain mutant analysis, Co-IP of HP1γ with NSD1 Nucleic acids research High 33237287
2021 HP1γ binds hexameric RNA motifs and SINE family transposable elements in introns via its RNA-binding activity; this tethers unspliced pre-mRNA to chromatin and limits usage of intronic cryptic splice sites, linking HP1γ RNA-binding to co-transcriptional splicing regulation. RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP), CLIP-seq, RNA-seq splicing analysis, HP1γ mutant analysis EMBO reports High 34312949
2020 HPV E6 protein drives nuclear export of HP1γ via interaction between the HP1γ NES sequence and exportin-1 (Crm-1); cytoplasmic HP1γ can no longer suppress UBE2L3, leading to UBE2L3-mediated E6-dependent p53 polyubiquitination and degradation. NES mutation in HP1γ retains it in the nucleus, reduces UBE2L3 expression, and suppresses cervical cancer cell growth. Immunostaining, NES mutagenesis, Co-IP (E6-HP1γ, exportin-1), leptomycin B treatment, tumor xenograft Cell death and differentiation High 32203172
2017 HP1γ (CBX3) is present not only in the nucleus but also in the cytoplasm where it interacts with actin; HP1γ co-immunoprecipitates with actin in both nuclear and cytosolic fractions of myoblasts, co-localizes with the perinuclear actin cap, and HP1γ-actin associates with the promoter and transcribed regions of the GAPDH housekeeping gene by re-ChIP; HP1γ knockdown prevents myoblast differentiation. Subcellular fractionation, Co-IP in nuclear and cytosolic fractions, immunoelectron microscopy, confocal microscopy, re-ChIP Biochimica et biophysica acta. Molecular cell research Medium 29208528
2023 HDAC1 deacetylates HP1γ at lysine 5 in bortezomib-resistant myeloma cells, preventing ubiquitin-mediated degradation; deacetylated HP1γ interacts with MDC1 to promote DNA repair and induces nuclear condensation, increasing chromatin accessibility at target genes (CD40, FOS, JUN) to confer drug resistance. SILAC-based acetyl-proteomics, Co-IP (HP1γ-MDC1), HDAC1 inhibitor, HP1γ acetylation mutants, ChIP-seq, in vitro and in vivo drug resistance assays Nature communications High 36894562
2024 CBX3 binds the histone acetyltransferase EP300 and increases EP300 substrate specificity toward lactyl-CoA, promoting histone lactylation and an immunosuppressive transcriptional program in glioblastoma stem cells; CBX3 does not have direct lactyltransferase activity but acts as a co-factor for EP300-mediated lactylation. Co-IP (CBX3-EP300), lactylation assays, siRNA knockdown, transcriptomic analysis, phagocytosis assays The Journal of clinical investigation Medium 39545414
2024 CBX3 binds RPA2 and inhibits RFWD3-facilitated replication restart at stalled replication forks; CK2 phosphorylates CBX3 at serine-95, which promotes CDH1-mediated CBX3 degradation and RPA2 dynamics, permitting fork restart; elevated CBX3 sensitizes prostate cancer cells to PARP inhibitors. Co-IP (CBX3-RPA2), in vitro kinase assay (CK2), stalled fork assays, RFWD3 epistasis, PARP inhibitor sensitivity assays Science advances High 38781342
2021 CBX3 forms a repressive complex with TRIM28 and TRIM24 and RBBP4 that represses ARHGAP24 expression, leading to increased active Rac1 levels and LUAD progression. Co-IP of CBX3-TRIM28-TRIM24-RBBP4 complex, ChIP at ARHGAP24, Rac1 activity assay, functional proliferation/migration assays Oncogene Medium 34785774
2023 PLK1 phosphorylates CBX3 to enhance CBX3 interaction with RB1, releasing E2F1 and desensitizing prostate cancer cells to CDK4/6 inhibitors; BRD4 transcriptionally upregulates CBX3 expression in CRPC cells. Co-IP (CBX3-RB1), ChIP (BRD4 at CBX3 promoter), phosphorylation assays, CDK4/6 inhibitor sensitivity experiments Advanced science Medium 37949681
2024 CBX3 directly binds to STAT1 and CD274 (PD-L1) promoters to repress their transcription; IFNγ reduces CBX3 binding to these promoters; CBX3 deletion results in chronic colon inflammation with upregulated STAT1 and PD-L1 expression; CBX3 antagonizes IFNγ signaling in colon epithelium. ChIP (CBX3 at STAT1 and CD274 promoters), CBX3 knockout mouse, IFNγ stimulation, CRC chemosensitivity assays EMBO molecular medicine High 38684864
2025 SETDB1 mediates H3K9me3 at the SIRT4 promoter and recruits CBX3 to repress SIRT4 expression in kidney proximal tubular cells during ischemia-reperfusion injury; CBX3 and SETDB1 interact as shown by Co-IP and ChIP-reChIP, and SETDB1 knockdown upregulates SIRT4, promoting autophagy and protecting against injury. ChIP, sequential ChIP (re-ChIP), Co-IP (SETDB1-CBX3), gene expression analysis, in vivo rat I/R model FASEB journal Medium 40197868
2023 CBX3 directly suppresses CUL3 transcription by binding to its promoter, thereby reducing CUL3-mediated NRF2 degradation and upregulating GPX4 expression; this CBX3/CUL3/NRF2/GPX2 axis inhibits ferroptosis and mediates multidrug resistance in colorectal cancer. RNA-seq, ChIP (CBX3 at CUL3 promoter), NRF2 pathway inhibition, ferroptosis assays, PDX models Oncogene Medium 40089640
2025 HP1γ chromoshadow domain (HP1γCSD) recognizes the HP1 box of KAP1 and forms a dimer-of-dimers in an antiparallel arrangement; crystal structure, NMR, and mass photometry reveal this is distinct from HP1αCSD which oligomerizes in a parallel arrangement; KAP1 and HP1γ cooperate specifically (not other HP1s) to repress lncRNA AI662270 in ESCs. Crystallography, NMR, mass photometry, in vivo rescue experiments in KAP1/HP1-knockout ESCs Cell reports High 41575850
2025 TRIM66 interacts with HP1γ through a PxVxL motif; TRIM66 enables HP1γ co-phase separation (LLPS) in vitro and in vivo, and TRIM66-HP1γ liquid granules co-localize with H3K9me3 chromatin sites, remodeling facultative heterochromatin in association with DNA damage response. Co-IP (TRIM66-HP1γ PxVxL interaction), in vitro LLPS assay, in vivo granule formation, H3K9me3 co-localization Biophysics reports Medium 40070663
2023 Mouse HP1γ regulates TRF1 expression transcriptionally; HP1γ-deficient MEFs show downregulation of TRF1 and other telomere factor transcripts, increased telomeric DNA-RNA hybrids (R-loops), elevated TERRA from specific chromosomes, and increased telomere replication stress (γH2AX), particularly in females. HP1γ KO MEFs, gene expression analysis, telomere FISH, DNA-RNA immunoprecipitation (DRIP), immunofluorescence Life sciences Medium 37598977
2024 CBX3 cooperates with EP300 to upregulate GPX4 expression in circulating tumor cells, protecting them from ferroptosis during blood-borne metastasis; CBX3 depletion triggers ferroptosis and reduces tumor cell survival. Single-cell RNA-seq, Co-IP (CBX3-EP300), GPX4 ChIP, CBX3 KD/overexpression, ferroptosis assays, in vivo metastasis model Journal of hematology & oncology Medium 41540451
2015 CBX3 (HP1γ) mass spectrometry interactome analysis identifies 99 binding proteins enriched in spliceosome, DNA repair, and replication pathways; HP1γ is functionally active in DNA damage response via these protein interactions. Affinity purification of FLAG-HP1γ from G1/S and prometaphase cell lysates followed by mass spectrometry Cancer research and treatment Low 25761473

Source papers

Stage 0 corpus · 100 papers · ranked by NIH iCite citations
Year Title Journal Citations PMID
2005 Histone H3 lysine 9 methylation and HP1gamma are associated with transcription elongation through mammalian chromatin. Molecular cell 561 16061184
2007 Suv39H1 and HP1gamma are responsible for chromatin-mediated HIV-1 transcriptional silencing and post-integration latency. The EMBO journal 264 17245432
2009 Specific loss of histone H3 lysine 9 trimethylation and HP1gamma/cohesin binding at D4Z4 repeats is associated with facioscapulohumeral dystrophy (FSHD). PLoS genetics 216 19593370
2011 Histone H3 lysine 9 trimethylation and HP1γ favor inclusion of alternative exons. Nature structural & molecular biology 215 21358630
2000 HP1gamma associates with euchromatin and heterochromatin in mammalian nuclei and chromosomes. Cytogenetics and cell genetics 132 11124534
2010 Conserved antagonism between JMJD2A/KDM4A and HP1γ during cell cycle progression. Molecular cell 130 21145482
2015 Heterochromatin protein HP1γ promotes colorectal cancer progression and is regulated by miR-30a. Cancer research 88 26333808
2012 CBX3 regulates efficient RNA processing genome-wide. Genome research 86 22684280
2024 Lactate reprograms glioblastoma immunity through CBX3-regulated histone lactylation. The Journal of clinical investigation 78 39545414
2012 Identification of CBX3 and ABCA5 as putative biomarkers for tumor stem cells in osteosarcoma. PloS one 73 22870217
2018 HP1γ Promotes Lung Adenocarcinoma by Downregulating the Transcription-Repressive Regulators NCOR2 and ZBTB7A. Cancer research 67 29764865
2011 HP1γ links histone methylation marks to meiotic synapsis in mice. Development (Cambridge, England) 67 21896631
2018 CBX3 promotes proliferation and regulates glycolysis via suppressing FBP1 in pancreatic cancer. Biochemical and biophysical research communications 51 29678579
2020 LncRNA LINC00998 inhibits the malignant glioma phenotype via the CBX3-mediated c-Met/Akt/mTOR axis. Cell death & disease 50 33268783
2010 HP1gamma function is required for male germ cell survival and spermatogenesis. Epigenetics & chromatin 50 20423503
2007 Correlation of DNA methylation with histone modifications across the HNRPA2B1-CBX3 ubiquitously-acting chromatin open element (UCOE). Epigenetics 50 18032920
2008 Identifying functional neighborhoods within the cell nucleus: proximity analysis of early S-phase replicating chromatin domains to sites of transcription, RNA polymerase II, HP1gamma, matrin 3 and SAF-A. Journal of cellular biochemistry 47 18618731
2017 CBX3 promotes colon cancer cell proliferation by CDK6 kinase-independent function during cell cycle. Oncotarget 45 28193906
2017 CBX3/heterochromatin protein 1 gamma is significantly upregulated in patients with non-small cell lung cancer. Asia-Pacific journal of clinical oncology 44 29124886
2008 Regulation of an inducible promoter by an HP1beta-HP1gamma switch. EMBO reports 44 18239689
2013 HP1γ expression is elevated in prostate cancer and is superior to Gleason score as a predictor of biochemical recurrence after radical prostatectomy. BMC cancer 42 23522301
2018 Cbx3 inhibits vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation, migration, and neointima formation. Cardiovascular research 37 29206900
2011 Recruitment of the cohesin loading factor NIPBL to DNA double-strand breaks depends on MDC1, RNF168 and HP1γ in human cells. Biochemical and biophysical research communications 37 21784059
2017 Cbx3 maintains lineage specificity during neural differentiation. Genes & development 36 28270516
2014 Shigella flexneri targets the HP1γ subcode through the phosphothreonine lyase OspF. The EMBO journal 36 25216677
2017 A regulatory circuit HP1γ/miR-451a/c-Myc promotes prostate cancer progression. Oncogene 35 28967902
2018 Overexpression of CBX3 in Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma Promotes Cell Cycle Transition-Associated Tumor Progression. International journal of molecular sciences 32 29903985
2022 CBX3 Regulated By YBX1 Promotes Smoking-induced Pancreatic Cancer Progression via Inhibiting SMURF2 Expression. International journal of biological sciences 31 35637952
2003 HP1beta and HP1gamma, but not HP1alpha, decorate the entire XY body during human male meiosis. Chromosome research : an international journal on the molecular, supramolecular and evolutionary aspects of chromosome biology 31 12675308
2020 CBX3 Promotes Gastric Cancer Progression and Affects Factors Related to Immunotherapeutic Responses. Cancer management and research 30 33116867
2021 Smoking-associated upregulation of CBX3 suppresses ARHGAP24 expression to activate Rac1 signaling and promote tumor progression in lung adenocarcinoma. Oncogene 29 34785774
2007 Ubiquitous expression of the rtTA2S-M2 inducible system in transgenic mice driven by the human hnRNPA2B1/CBX3 CpG island. BMC developmental biology 29 17900353
2020 HPV-mediated nuclear export of HP1γ drives cervical tumorigenesis by downregulation of p53. Cell death and differentiation 28 32203172
2015 Nucleosome compaction facilitates HP1γ binding to methylated H3K9. Nucleic acids research 28 26319017
2022 CBX3 accelerates the malignant progression of glioblastoma multiforme by stabilizing EGFR expression. Oncogene 27 35459780
2021 LINC00857 contributes to proliferation and lymphomagenesis by regulating miR-370-3p/CBX3 axis in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Carcinogenesis 25 33657224
2011 Histone variant H3.3 stimulates HSP70 transcription through cooperation with HP1γ. Nucleic acids research 25 21742762
2010 Role of the epigenetic regulator HP1γ in the control of embryonic stem cell properties. PloS one 24 21085495
2023 Deacetylation induced nuclear condensation of HP1γ promotes multiple myeloma drug resistance. Nature communications 23 36894562
2023 m5C modification of LINC00324 promotes angiogenesis in glioma through CBX3/VEGFR2 pathway. International journal of biological macromolecules 23 38016610
2013 Functional impact of Aurora A-mediated phosphorylation of HP1γ at serine 83 during cell cycle progression. Epigenetics & chromatin 22 23829974
2012 Structural basis of the chromodomain of Cbx3 bound to methylated peptides from histone h1 and G9a. PloS one 22 22514736
2012 Suppression and recovery of BRCA1-mediated transcription by HP1γ via modulation of promoter occupancy. Nucleic acids research 22 23074186
2020 lncRNA-SNHG17 promotes colon adenocarcinoma progression and serves as a sponge for miR-375 to regulate CBX3 expression. American journal of translational research 21 33042419
2020 microRNA-377 acts as a suppressor in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma through CBX3-dependent P53/P21 pathway. Journal of cellular physiology 20 33459391
2019 Citrullination of HP1γ chromodomain affects association with chromatin. Epigenetics & chromatin 18 30940194
2017 Cbx3/HP1γ deficiency confers enhanced tumor-killing capacity on CD8+ T cells. Scientific reports 18 28220815
2023 Targeting CBX3 with a Dual BET/PLK1 Inhibitor Enhances the Antitumor Efficacy of CDK4/6 Inhibitors in Prostate Cancer. Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) 17 37949681
2019 Circ-EZH2 knockdown reverses DDAH1 and CBX3-mediated cell growth and invasion in glioma through miR-1265 sponge activity. Gene 16 31669648
2015 Evidence supporting a critical contribution of intrinsically disordered regions to the biochemical behavior of full-length human HP1γ. Journal of molecular modeling 16 26680990
2010 Heterochromatin marks HP1γ, HP1α and H3K9me3, and DNA damage response activation in human testis development and germ cell tumours. International journal of andrology 16 20695923
2023 PSMC4 promotes prostate carcinoma progression by regulating the CBX3-EGFR-PI3K-AKT-mTOR pathway. Journal of cellular and molecular medicine 15 37436074
2021 LINC01006 regulates the proliferation, migration and invasion of hepatocellular carcinoma cells through regulating miR-433-3p/CBX3 axis. Annals of hepatology 15 33781916
2023 CBX3 promotes clear cell renal carcinoma through PI3K/AKT activation and aberrant immunity. Journal of translational medicine 14 37674204
2021 lncRNA KCNQ1OT1 reverses the effect of sevoflurane on hepatocellular carcinoma progression via regulating the miR-29a-3p/CBX3 axis. Brazilian journal of medical and biological research = Revista brasileira de pesquisas medicas e biologicas 14 34008749
2021 HP1γ binding pre-mRNA intronic repeats modulates RNA splicing decisions. EMBO reports 14 34312949
2018 Deletion of HP1γ in cardiac myocytes affects H4K20me3 levels but does not impact cardiac growth. Epigenetics & chromatin 14 29665845
2020 HP1γ Sensitizes Cervical Cancer Cells to Cisplatin through the Suppression of UBE2L3. International journal of molecular sciences 13 32825184
2001 The gene and pseudogenes of Cbx3/mHP1 gamma. DNA sequence : the journal of DNA sequencing and mapping 13 11762190
2024 CGRP causes anxiety via HP1γ-KLF11-MAOB pathway and dopamine in the dorsal hippocampus. Communications biology 12 38503899
2021 Targeting Cbx3/HP1γ Induces LEF-1 and IL-21R to Promote Tumor-Infiltrating CD8 T-Cell Persistence. Frontiers in immunology 12 34721405
2014 Up-regulation of HP1γ expression during neuronal maturation promotes axonal and dendritic development in mouse embryonic neocortex. Genes to cells : devoted to molecular & cellular mechanisms 12 25441120
2025 CBX3 promotes multidrug resistance by suppressing ferroptosis in colorectal carcinoma via the CUL3/NRF2/GPX2 axis. Oncogene 11 40089640
2023 NCAPG is transcriptionally regulated by CBX3 and activates the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway to promote proliferation and the cell cycle and inhibit apoptosis in colorectal cancer. Journal of gastrointestinal oncology 11 37201048
2023 Inhibition of tiRNA-Gly-GCC ameliorates neointimal formation via CBX3-mediated VSMCs phenotypic switching. Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine 10 36818350
2020 HP1γ regulates H3K36 methylation and pluripotency in embryonic stem cells. Nucleic acids research 10 33237287
2017 MicroRNA-30b targets CBX3 and regulates cell proliferation, apoptosis, and migration in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma via the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway. International journal of clinical and experimental pathology 10 31966547
2022 CBX3 regulated by miR-139 promotes the development of HCC by regulating cell cycle progression. Cell cycle (Georgetown, Tex.) 9 35471148
2017 The CpG-sites of the CBX3 ubiquitous chromatin opening element are critical structural determinants for the anti-silencing function. Scientific reports 9 28801671
2017 Heterochromatin protein (HP)1γ is not only in the nucleus but also in the cytoplasm interacting with actin in both cell compartments. Biochimica et biophysica acta. Molecular cell research 9 29208528
2021 The LncRNA RP11-279C4.1 Enhances the Malignant Behaviour of Glioma Cells and Glioma Stem-Like Cells by Regulating the miR-1273g-3p/CBX3 Axis. Molecular neurobiology 8 33694060
2020 The role of the histones H3K9ac, H3K9me3, HP1γ, and H3K36me3 in oral squamous cell carcinoma loco-regional metastasis and relapse. Pathology, research and practice 8 32971477
2013 A role for MeCP2 in switching gene activity via chromatin unfolding and HP1γ displacement. PloS one 8 23935992
2024 CBX3 antagonizes IFNγ/STAT1/PD-L1 axis to modulate colon inflammation and CRC chemosensitivity. EMBO molecular medicine 7 38684864
2022 Clinicopathological significance of CBX3 in colorectal cancer: An intensive expression study based on formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tissues. Pathology international 7 35048461
2022 CBX3 is associated with metastasis and glutathione/glycosphingolipid metabolism in colon adenocarcinoma. Journal of gastrointestinal oncology 7 35284119
2014 HP-1γ Controls High-Affinity Antibody Response to T-Dependent Antigens. Frontiers in immunology 7 24971082
2024 CK2-dependent degradation of CBX3 dictates replication fork stalling and PARP inhibitor sensitivity. Science advances 6 38781342
2023 Co-amplification of CBX3 with EGFR or RAC1 in human cancers corroborated by a conserved genetic interaction among the genes. Cell death discovery 6 37633946
2018 Mechanisms Underlying the Regulation of HP1γ by the NGF-PKA Signaling Pathway. Scientific reports 6 30305677
2015 A hypomorphic Cbx3 allele causes prenatal growth restriction and perinatal energy homeostasis defects. Journal of biosciences 6 25963260
2025 SETDB1 recruits CBX3 to regulate the SIRT4/PTEN axis, inhibiting autophagy and promoting ischemia-reperfusion-induced kidney injury. FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology 5 40197868
2024 Exploring the Role of CBX3 as a Potential Therapeutic Target in Lung Cancer. Cancers 5 39272883
2020 Discovery, expression, cellular localization, and molecular properties of a novel, alternative spliced HP1γ isoform, lacking the chromoshadow domain. PloS one 5 32027651
2015 Interactome Analysis Reveals that Heterochromatin Protein 1γ (HP1γ) Is Associated with the DNA Damage Response Pathway. Cancer research and treatment 5 25761473
2025 The Prevalence and Characteristics of IgA Antibodies to β2-Spectrin and CBX3 in Immunoglobulin A Nephropathy. Kidney international reports 4 40485707
2023 HP1γ Prevents Activation of the cGAS/STING Pathway by Preserving Nuclear Envelope and Genomic Integrity in Colon Adenocarcinoma Cells. International journal of molecular sciences 4 37108510
2021 Qi Ling Inhibits Progression of Androgen-Independent Prostate Cancer via Negative Regulation of TRIM66/HP1γ/AR Axis. Complementary medicine research 4 34077947
2018 Chromatin Regulation by HP1γ Contributes to Survival of 5-Azacytidine-Resistant Cells. Frontiers in pharmacology 4 30386240
2025 TRIM66-HP1γ remodels the chromatin through phase separation. Biophysics reports 2 40070663
2019 Role of Fine Structural Dynamics in Recognition of Histone H3 by HP1γ(CSD) Dimer and Ability of Force Fields to Describe Their Interaction Network. Journal of chemical theory and computation 2 31476125
2026 CBX3 confers ferroptosis resistance during blood-borne metastasis. Journal of hematology & oncology 1 41540451
2025 Induction of the p21/CDK6 pathway and alteration of the immune microenvironment by the stem cell marker CBX3 in melanoma. Stem cell research & therapy 1 39934923
2024 MicroRNA‑1224 inhibits cell proliferation by downregulating CBX3 expression in chordoma. Oncology letters 1 38646496
2024 CBX3 Downregulates HLTF to Activate PI3K/AKT Signaling Promoting Cholangiocarcinoma. Advanced biology 1 39601498
2026 HP1γ self-assembles and cooperates with KAP1 in repression of long noncoding RNA AI662270 in ESCs. Cell reports 0 41575850
2026 Out-of-frame CBX3::ALK fusion drives ALK activation and therapy response. Cell reports. Medicine 0 41887222
2025 lncRNA BBOX1-AS1 regulates the miR-382-5p/CBX3 Signalling pathway to affect the proliferation and apoptosis of glioblastoma cells. International immunopharmacology 0 40339498
2024 CBX3 contributes to pancreatic adenocarcinoma progression via promoting KIF20A expression. Cytotechnology 0 39735331
2023 Mouse HP1γ regulates TRF1 expression and telomere stability. Life sciences 0 37598977