Affinage

CBX3

Chromobox protein homolog 3 · UniProt Q13185

Length
183 aa
Mass
20.8 kDa
Annotated
2026-06-09
100 papers in source corpus 43 papers cited in narrative 43 extracted findings
Cross-family judge vs UniProt: Affinage preferred faithfulness: 8/8 claims corpus-supported (100%)

Mechanistic narrative

Synthesis pass · prose summary of the discoveries below

CBX3/HP1γ is a chromodomain chromatin reader that, despite its HP1 heritage, functions broadly in transcriptional elongation, co-transcriptional RNA processing, and gene-specific repression by coupling histone-mark recognition to effector recruitment (PMID:16061184, PMID:22684280). Its chromodomain recognizes H3K9me2/3 and, with comparable affinity, non-canonical methylated targets including H1K26me2 and G9aK185me3, defining an extended binding repertoire whose selectivity is tuned by nucleosome compaction and the hinge region that distinguishes HP1γ from HP1α (PMID:22514736, PMID:26319017). At active genes HP1γ occupies transcribed bodies in an elongation-dependent manner (PMID:16061184), where it slows RNA Pol II to favor alternative-exon inclusion and, via direct RNA-binding to intronic SINE motifs, tethers nascent pre-mRNA to chromatin and recruits splicing factors to ensure co-transcriptional splicing fidelity (PMID:21358630, PMID:22684280, PMID:34312949). Through its chromoshadow and hinge domains — independent of H3K9me3 reading — HP1γ partners with NSD1 to maintain genic H3K36me3, recruits the Mediator subunit Med26 to enforce neural lineage specification, and forms an antiparallel dimer-of-dimers with KAP1 for cooperative repression (PMID:28270516, PMID:33237287, PMID:41575850). HP1γ is controlled by a dense layer of post-translational modification: S83 phosphorylation by Aurora A, MSK1, and PKA regulates its chromatin accumulation and mitotic/differentiation functions, K5 deacetylation by HDAC1 stabilizes it against ubiquitin-mediated degradation, and chromodomain citrullination by PAD4 lowers its H3K9me3 affinity and chromatin residence (PMID:23829974, PMID:25216677, PMID:30940194, PMID:36894562, PMID:30305677). In vivo, HP1γ is non-redundantly required for spermatogenesis and meiotic synapsis downstream of Suv39h1, where it silences L1 retrotransposons, and it shapes ESC self-renewal and lineage choice (PMID:20423503, PMID:21896631, PMID:28270516). It also acts at the replication and damage interface, binding RPA2 at stalled forks to restrain RFWD3-mediated restart until CK2-CDH1-driven degradation removes it (PMID:38781342). As a sequence-specific repressor it directly binds and silences STAT1/PD-L1, NCOR2/ZBTB7A, UBE2L3, CUL3, Notch3, and SIRT4 promoters, linking it to anti-tumor immunity, vascular proliferation, ferroptosis resistance, and ischemic injury (PMID:29764865, PMID:29206900, PMID:32203172, PMID:38684864, PMID:40089640, PMID:40197868).

Mechanistic history

Synthesis pass · year-by-year structured walk · 16 steps
  1. 2005 High

    Established that HP1γ is not solely a silencing factor but occupies transcribed bodies of active genes in an elongation-dependent way, overturning the purely repressive view of HP1 proteins.

    Evidence ChIP of HP1γ and H3K9 marks at active gene bodies with Pol II elongation inhibition in mammalian cells

    PMID:16061184

    Open questions at the time
    • Did not define how HP1γ is targeted to active genes versus heterochromatin
    • No direct effector linking HP1γ occupancy to elongation machinery
  2. 2007 High

    Showed HP1γ can also execute heterochromatic silencing, being recruited by Suv39H1/H3K9me3 to establish reversible, transcription-dependent latency at the HIV-1 LTR.

    Evidence ChIP at HIV-1 LTR plus siRNA reactivation in PBMCs from infected donors

    PMID:17245432

    Open questions at the time
    • Did not resolve how the same protein toggles between repressive and elongation-associated states
  3. 2008 High

    Resolved the dual-state paradox by demonstrating an HP1β-to-HP1γ isoform switch coupled to processive Pol II that converts a promoter from repressed to active.

    Evidence Sequential ChIP-reChIP at HIV-1 LTR across transcriptional states with Pol II CTD phospho-state analysis

    PMID:18239689

    Open questions at the time
    • Mechanism driving the isoform exchange not identified
    • Generality beyond the LTR untested
  4. 2010 High

    Defined non-redundant in vivo roles, showing HP1γ is required for germ cell survival and transposon (L1) silencing during spermatogenesis and for ESC self-renewal and endoderm lineage choice.

    Evidence Hypomorphic Cbx3 mouse with histology and L1 ORF1p staining; RNAi in mouse ESCs with differentiation assays

    PMID:20423503 PMID:21085495

    Open questions at the time
    • Molecular targets mediating germ-cell and lineage phenotypes not mapped
    • Lineage specificity (endoderm vs others) unexplained at the gene level
  5. 2011 High

    Connected HP1γ to co-transcriptional RNA processing and to meiotic chromosome organization, establishing both a splicing function and a heterochromatin-pairing pathway.

    Evidence RNAi/ChIP/RIP and Pol II elongation-rate assays for CD44 splicing; Cbx3-deficient spermatocytes compared with Suv39h1/G9a mutants by meiotic IF

    PMID:21358630 PMID:21742762 PMID:21896631

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct RNA-binding determinant not yet identified in 2011
    • How splicing role relates to meiotic role unclear
  6. 2012 High

    Provided genome-wide and structural grounding: HP1γ gene-body occupancy scales with activity and is needed for splicing-factor recruitment, while crystallography revealed an extended chromodomain repertoire beyond H3K9me3.

    Evidence CBX3 ChIP-seq plus nascent RNA-seq and SNRNP70 ChIP; X-ray structures of the chromodomain with H1K26me2 and G9aK185me3; BRCA1 Co-IP/ChIP

    PMID:22514736 PMID:22684280 PMID:23074186

    Open questions at the time
    • In vivo relevance of H1K26me2/G9aK185me3 binding not established
    • BRCA1-repression circuit based on single-lab Co-IP
  7. 2014 High

    Identified S83 phosphorylation as a master regulatory switch, with Aurora A (G2/M) and MSK1 (downstream of ERK) phosphorylating HP1γ to control its chromatin accumulation and downstream transcription.

    Evidence In vitro kinase assays with S83A/S83D mutants and rescue; MSK1-HP1γ Co-IP with OspF-Shigella in vivo model and transcriptome analysis

    PMID:23829974 PMID:25216677

    Open questions at the time
    • How S83 phosphorylation mechanistically alters chromatin binding not resolved
    • Phosphatase counteracting S83 unknown
  8. 2015 High

    Defined the biophysical basis of HP1γ selectivity, showing its hinge region drives compaction-dependent H3K9me3 binding that distinguishes it from HP1α.

    Evidence Reconstituted tetranucleosome binding under Mg2+/H1 compaction with hinge mutants

    PMID:26319017

    Open questions at the time
    • In vivo consequence of compaction selectivity not tested
    • Hinge interactors not identified
  9. 2017 High

    Separated reader-dependent from reader-independent functions: a Cbx3–Med26 axis enforces neural specification, while HP1γ chromodomain activity drives oncogenic repression of NCOR2/ZBTB7A in lung adenocarcinoma.

    Evidence Co-IP/ChIP/RNAi for Med26 in ESC-to-NPC differentiation; K-RasG12D mouse with chromodomain mutants and NCOR2/ZBTB7A rescue

    PMID:28270516 PMID:29764865

    Open questions at the time
    • How Med26 recruitment is targeted to specific promoters unclear
    • Breadth of direct oncogenic targets incompletely mapped
  10. 2018 High

    Extended HP1γ repression to disease-relevant targets and tissues, repressing Notch3 in vascular smooth muscle and FBP1 in pancreatic cancer, while a cardiomyocyte knockout revealed selective H4K20me3 dependence and HP1β compensation.

    Evidence VSMC overexpression with luciferase and carotid injury model; CBX3/FBP1 glycolysis rescue; CM-specific HP1γ KO with chromatin-mark and transcriptome analysis; NGF-PKA S83 phosphorylation in PC12 cells

    PMID:29206900 PMID:29665845 PMID:29678579 PMID:30305677

    Open questions at the time
    • Tissue-specific selection of repressed targets not explained
    • Compensation logic among HP1 isoforms not generalized
  11. 2019 High

    Added a reversible negative regulator of chromatin binding, showing PAD4 citrullinates the chromodomain at R38/R39 to reduce H3K9me3 affinity and chromatin residence during ESC differentiation.

    Evidence In vitro citrullination with R38/R39 mutants, peptide binding, and live-cell single-particle tracking in mESCs

    PMID:30940194

    Open questions at the time
    • Genome-wide consequences of citrullination not mapped
    • Interplay with S83 phosphorylation untested
  12. 2020 High

    Linked HP1γ subcellular partitioning to tumor suppression, showing HPV E6/CRM-1-driven nuclear export relieves repression of UBE2L3 and destabilizes p53, while nuclear retention restores UBE2L3 silencing.

    Evidence Co-IP with exportin-1, NES mutagenesis, leptomycin B, ChIP at UBE2L3, and xenografts in cervical cancer cells

    PMID:32203172 PMID:32825184

    Open questions at the time
    • Signals governing constitutive nucleocytoplasmic balance unclear
    • Cytoplasmic HP1γ functions beyond sequestration not defined
  13. 2021 High

    Established a reader-independent chromatin-maintenance role and RNA-based splicing mechanism: HP1γ maintains genic H3K36me3 via NSD1 through its CSD/hinge, and binds intronic SINE RNA to safeguard splice-site selection.

    Evidence ChIP-seq with domain mutants and NSD1 Co-IP in ESCs; RIP-seq with motif identification and splicing analysis; CD8+ T-cell and TRIM28/TRIM24/RBBP4 complex studies

    PMID:28220815 PMID:33237287 PMID:34312949 PMID:34785774

    Open questions at the time
    • How RNA-binding and histone-reading activities are coordinated unresolved
    • Determinants of NSD1 versus other effector engagement unknown
  14. 2023 High

    Revealed acetylation-controlled stability and a direct role at replication forks, with HDAC1 K5 deacetylation protecting HP1γ from degradation and PLK1-enhanced RB1 binding modulating CDK4/6 sensitivity.

    Evidence SILAC acetyl-proteomics, K5 mutagenesis, MDC1 Co-IP and ATAC-seq in myeloma; PLK1 kinase/RB1 Co-IP in CRPC; HP1γ-deficient MEF telomere/R-loop analysis

    PMID:36894562 PMID:37598977 PMID:37949681

    Open questions at the time
    • Crosstalk between K5 acetylation and S83/S95 phosphorylation not integrated
    • Telomere transcriptional control mechanism single-lab
  15. 2024 High

    Defined HP1γ control of replication-fork restart and immune/metabolic repression, with CK2-CDH1 degradation enabling fork restart and promoter binding silencing STAT1/PD-L1, CUL3, and lactylation/EP300-driven programs.

    Evidence RPA2 Co-IP, CK2 kinase, fork-restart and PARP-inhibitor assays; ChIP/KO mouse models for STAT1/CD274 and CUL3; CBX3-EP300 lactyl-CoA substrate assays

    PMID:38684864 PMID:38781342 PMID:39545414 PMID:40089640

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether fork-restart and transcriptional roles share regulatory cues unclear
    • Direct versus indirect contribution to immune evasion targets not fully separated
  16. 2025 High

    Provided structural and biophysical mechanisms for HP1γ effector engagement, showing an antiparallel CSD dimer-of-dimers with KAP1 for unique cooperative repression and TRIM66-driven phase separation at H3K9me3.

    Evidence Crystallography/NMR/mass photometry of HP1γCSD-KAP1 with KO-ESC rescue; PxVxL/LLPS reconstitution with TRIM66; SETDB1-CBX3 ChIP-reChIP at SIRT4

    PMID:40070663 PMID:40197868 PMID:41575850

    Open questions at the time
    • Functional output of TRIM66–HP1γ condensates in DNA damage not fully defined
    • How antiparallel CSD architecture dictates target specificity untested

Open questions

Synthesis pass · forward-looking unresolved questions
  • It remains unresolved how the many post-translational modifications (S83/S95 phosphorylation, K5 acetylation, R38/R39 citrullination) are integrated to coordinate HP1γ's parallel roles in elongation, splicing, repression, and fork restart, and what dictates target and isoform selection genome-wide.
  • No unified model linking modification state to functional output
  • Genome-wide rules for direct repression-target selection unknown
  • Interplay between RNA-binding and histone-reading activities mechanistically undefined

Mechanism profile

Synthesis pass · controlled-vocabulary classification · explore literature graph →
Molecular activity
GO:0042393 histone binding 4 GO:0140110 transcription regulator activity 4 GO:0060090 molecular adaptor activity 3 GO:0003723 RNA binding 2
Localization
GO:0005634 nucleus 3 GO:0005694 chromosome 2 GO:0005829 cytosol 2
Pathway
R-HSA-4839726 Chromatin organization 3 R-HSA-74160 Gene expression (Transcription) 3 R-HSA-1640170 Cell Cycle 2 R-HSA-73894 DNA Repair 2 R-HSA-8953854 Metabolism of RNA 2
Partners
BRCA1EP300KAP1MDC1MED26NSD1RPA2TRIM66
Complex memberships
KAP1/TRIM28-HP1γ complexMSK1-HP1γ complexTRIM28/TRIM24/RBBP4-CBX3 complex

Evidence

Reading pass · 43 per-paper findings extracted from the source corpus
Year Finding Method Journal Conf PMIDs
2005 HP1γ (CBX3) is present in the transcribed region of all active genes examined in mammalian chromatin, and its presence there depends on elongation by RNA polymerase II, demonstrating a role for HP1γ in transcription elongation rather than solely in repression. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) of HP1γ and H3K9 methylation marks at active gene bodies; RNA Pol II elongation inhibition experiments Molecular cell High 16061184
2007 Suv39H1-mediated H3K9 trimethylation recruits HP1γ to the integrated HIV-1 LTR to establish chromatin-mediated transcriptional silencing and post-integration latency; HP1γ association is reversible and transcription-dependent, and HP1γ RNAi reactivates latent HIV-1. ChIP at HIV-1 LTR; siRNA knockdown of HP1γ with transcriptional reactivation readout; experiments in PBMCs from HIV-infected donors The EMBO journal High 17245432
2008 On the HIV-1 LTR promoter, HP1β is present during transcriptional repression and is replaced by HP1γ upon activation; HP1γ localizes to both the promoter and coding region together with processive RNA Pol II, demonstrating an isoform-specific switch regulating transcriptional state. Sequential ChIP (ChIP-reChIP) at HIV-1 LTR at different transcriptional states; co-localization with Pol II CTD phosphorylation states EMBO reports High 18239689
2009 HP1γ and cohesin are co-recruited to D4Z4 repeats in an H3K9me3-dependent and cell-type-specific manner; this recruitment is disrupted in FSHD, and cohesin plays an active role in HP1 recruitment at this locus. ChIP with D4Z4-specific primers in normal and FSHD patient cells and siRNA-treated cells; analysis of H3K9me3, HP1γ, and cohesin occupancy PLoS genetics High 19593370
2010 HP1γ (Cbx3) is required for male germ cell survival and spermatogenesis; hypomorphic Cbx3 mice show loss of germ cells (Sertoli cell-only phenotype) and derepression of L1 retrotransposons (ORF1p expression), establishing a non-redundant role in transposon silencing during spermatogenesis. Gene-targeted mouse (hypomorphic Cbx3 allele); histological analysis; immunostaining for L1 ORF1 protein Epigenetics & chromatin High 20423503
2010 JMJD2A/KDM4A and HP1γ antagonize each other during S phase: overexpression of HP1γ antagonizes JMJD2A-dependent S phase progression, and in C. elegans depletion of HPL-2 (HP1γ ortholog) rescues DNA replication defects caused by jmjd-2 loss, placing HP1γ as a conserved regulator of chromatin accessibility during DNA replication. Genetic epistasis in C. elegans (double mutants); mammalian cell overexpression/depletion with S phase progression assays; replication timing analysis Molecular cell High 21145482
2010 In embryonic stem cells, HP1γ depletion slows the cell cycle and decreases resistance to differentiation-inducing conditions, and impairs endoderm but not neurectoderm or mesoderm differentiation, establishing a role for HP1γ in ESC self-renewal and lineage choice. RNA interference in mouse ESCs; functional assays (proliferation, differentiation); RT-qPCR and microarray PloS one Medium 21085495
2011 HP1γ facilitates inclusion of alternative exons (e.g., CD44 variable exons) by reducing RNA Pol II elongation rate; additionally, HP1γ stabilizes association of pre-mRNA with chromatin, acting as a bridge between H3K9me3-marked chromatin and the maturing mRNA to influence splicing decisions. siRNA knockdown of HP1γ with splicing assays; ChIP; RNA immunoprecipitation; Pol II elongation rate measurements Nature structural & molecular biology High 21358630
2011 HP1γ is required for meiotic synapsis in mice: Cbx3-deficient spermatocytes show impaired centromere clustering and synapsis; H3K9me2 at pericentric heterochromatin depends on Suv39h1-mediated H3K9me3 recognition by HP1γ, placing HP1γ downstream of Suv39h1 in a pathway with G9a for meiotic chromosome pairing. Cbx3-deficient mouse generation; comparative analysis with Suv39h1/h2- and G9a-deficient spermatocytes; immunofluorescence of meiotic chromosomes Development (Cambridge, England) High 21896631
2011 HP1γ cooperates with histone variant H3.3 for heat-shock-induced HSP70 transcription: H3.3 knockdown prevents stable HP1γ recruitment to HSP70 promoters, and HP1γ knockdown reduces H3.3 levels at promoters; HP1γ selectively recognizes specific modification states of H3.3. siRNA knockdown of H3.3 or HP1γ; ChIP at HSP70 promoter; luciferase reporter assays Nucleic acids research Medium 21742762
2012 Genome-wide CBX3 binding at gene bodies correlates with transcriptional activity; CBX3 depletion causes accumulation of unspliced nascent transcripts and defective recruitment of splicing factors (SNRNP70), establishing a role for CBX3 in efficient co-transcriptional RNA processing. Genome-wide ChIP-seq (CBX3 localization); CBX3 knockdown with RNA-seq for nascent transcript analysis; ChIP for SNRNP70 recruitment Genome research High 22684280
2012 The Cbx3 chromodomain binds methylated histone H1K26me2 and G9aK185me3 with affinities comparable to H3K9me3; crystal structures of the human Cbx3 chromodomain in complex with H1K26me2 and G9aK185me3 peptides reveal a conserved binding mechanism, extending the binding repertoire of Cbx3 beyond H3K9me3. In vitro binding assays; X-ray crystallography of Cbx3 chromodomain–peptide complexes PloS one High 22514736
2012 HP1γ interacts with BRCA1 and represses BRCA1-mediated transcription through modulation of promoter occupancy; BRCA1-HP1γ interaction (not methylated histone binding) is required for repression; after DNA damage, promoter-bound HP1γ is disassembled and BRCA1 is recruited, after which HP1γ/SUV39H1 are restored via BRCA1-HP1γ interaction to repress transcription in the recovery phase. Co-IP of HP1γ and BRCA1; ChIP time-lapse studies; HP1γ mutant analysis; siRNA for histone methyltransferases Nucleic acids research Medium 23074186
2013 Aurora A kinase phosphorylates HP1γ at serine 83 (Ser83) during G2/M phase; HP1γ knockdown causes mitotic aberrations that can be rescued by wild-type HP1γ but not by nonphosphorylatable S83A-HP1γ; the phosphomimetic S83D mutant increases DNA synthesis (EdU incorporation) while S83A abrogates it, establishing Aurora A–HP1γ as a mitotic pathway. Kinase assay; site-directed mutagenesis (S83A and S83D mutants); siRNA rescue experiments; EdU incorporation; genome-wide expression profiling Epigenetics & chromatin High 23829974
2014 Shigella effector OspF (a phosphothreonine lyase) inactivates ERK and consequently MSK1, a novel HP1γ kinase that phosphorylates HP1γ at S83 within an MSK1-HP1γ complex; this blocks HP1γ accumulation on target genes and broadly reprograms host transcription including immune and proliferative genes. Identification of MSK1 as HP1γ kinase by Co-IP; phosphorylation assays; genome-wide transcriptome analysis; OspF mutant Shigella in guinea pig model The EMBO journal High 25216677
2015 HP1γ binding to tri-methylated H3K9 in reconstituted tetranucleosomes requires nucleosome compaction (induced by Mg2+ or linker histone H1); the hinge region connecting the chromodomain and chromoshadow domain mediates this distinction from HP1α; HP1γ but not HP1α shows strongly enhanced selective binding under compacted nucleosome conditions. In vitro reconstituted tetranucleosome binding assays with HP1α and HP1γ; Mg2+/H1-induced compaction; hinge region mutant analysis Nucleic acids research High 26319017
2017 Cbx3 binds to gene promoters upon ESC-to-NPC differentiation and recruits Mediator subunit Med26; RNAi knockdown of either Cbx3 or Med26 inhibits neural differentiation and up-regulates mesodermal genes, establishing a Cbx3–Med26 axis that enforces neural lineage specification. ChIP at gene promoters; co-IP of Cbx3 and Med26; RNAi knockdown of Cbx3 and Med26 with lineage marker readouts Genes & development High 28270516
2017 HP1γ (CBX3) and its H3K9me-binding (chromodomain) activity are required for lung adenocarcinoma cell proliferation, colony formation, and migration; HP1γ directly represses NCOR2 and ZBTB7A transcription, which in turn limits expression of proto-oncogenic ELK1 and AXL. In vivo K-RasG12D mouse model with HP1γ depletion; ChIP for HP1γ at NCOR2 and ZBTB7A promoters; chromodomain mutants; rescue by NCOR2/ZBTB7A knockdown Cancer research High 29764865
2018 Cbx3 inhibits VSMC proliferation and migration by transcriptionally repressing Notch3; luciferase assays show Notch signaling but not β-catenin or NF-κB is regulated by Cbx3; overexpression of Cbx3 in injured carotid arteries reduces Notch3 expression and neointima formation, while Notch3 reactivation reverses the effects of Cbx3. Cbx3 overexpression/knockdown in VSMCs; luciferase reporter assays for Notch3, β-catenin, NF-κB; carotid wire-injury mouse model with local Cbx3 delivery Cardiovascular research High 29206900
2018 CBX3 promotes aerobic glycolysis in pancreatic cancer cells by suppressing FBP1 expression; silencing FBP1 attenuates the decrease in glycolytic capacity caused by CBX3 knockdown, placing CBX3 upstream of FBP1 in a metabolic regulatory axis. CBX3 siRNA knockdown; glycolysis assays; FBP1 expression analysis; FBP1 rescue experiments Biochemical and biophysical research communications Medium 29678579
2019 Peptidylarginine deiminase 4 (PAD4) citrullinates HP1γ at R38 and R39 within the chromodomain in mouse ESCs; this modification is enhanced by H3K9me3 peptides; citrullination (mimicked by R38/R39 mutations) reduces HP1γ binding to H3K9me3 peptides in vitro and decreases HP1γ residence time on chromatin in differentiating ESCs as measured by single-particle tracking. In vitro citrullination assay with PAD4; site-directed mutagenesis (R38/R39); peptide binding assays; live-cell single-particle tracking in mESCs Epigenetics & chromatin High 30940194
2020 HPV E6 protein drives nuclear export of HP1γ through interaction between the NES sequence of HP1γ and exportin-1 (CRM-1); cytoplasmic HP1γ no longer suppresses UBE2L3, which then promotes E6-mediated p53 polyubiquitination and degradation; NES mutation retains HP1γ in the nucleus and reduces cervical cancer growth. Immunostaining showing cytoplasmic HP1γ in HPV+ cervical cancer; co-IP of HP1γ with exportin-1; leptomycin B nuclear retention; NES site-directed mutant; UBE2L3 expression assays; tumor xenograft Cell death and differentiation High 32203172
2020 HP1γ, when nuclear, directly suppresses UBE2L3 expression; nuclear retention of HP1γ (by leptomycin B) or doxorubicin-induced DNA damage promotes HP1γ binding to the UBE2L3 promoter, stabilizes p53, and sensitizes cervical cancer cells to cisplatin. ChIP of HP1γ at UBE2L3 promoter; leptomycin B treatment; doxorubicin treatment; p53 stability assays International journal of molecular sciences Medium 32825184
2020 Genic HP1γ colocalizes with and is required for H3K36me3 enrichment in ESCs; HP1γ-deleted ESCs show reduced H3K36me3 and decreased expression of shared target genes; the chromoshadow and hinge domains (not chromodomain H3K9me3 binding) are sufficient, because they retain interaction with NSD1, an H3K36 methyltransferase. HP1γ deletion in ESCs (ChIP-seq for H3K36me3 and H3K9me3); domain-swap/deletion mutants; Co-IP of HP1γ with NSD1 Nucleic acids research High 33237287
2021 HP1γ binds hexameric RNA motifs and SINE-family transposable elements within introns via its RNA-binding activity; this tethers unspliced pre-mRNA to chromatin via intronic regions and limits usage of cryptic intronic splice sites, linking HP1γ RNA-binding to co-transcriptional splicing fidelity. RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) followed by sequencing; identification of HP1γ-bound RNA motifs; genome-wide splicing analysis upon HP1γ loss EMBO reports High 34312949
2021 Cbx3/HP1γ deficiency in CD8+ T cells leads to chromatin remodeling and enhanced expression of Prf1, Gzmb, and Ifng; Cbx3-insufficient CD8+ T cells show increased NKG2D+ effector cells and reduced Treg infiltration in tumors, establishing Cbx3 as a regulator of CD8+ T cell effector differentiation. Cbx3-insufficient mouse model; gene expression analysis; tumor infiltrating lymphocyte flow cytometry; in vivo tumor experiments Scientific reports Medium 28220815
2021 CBX3 forms a complex with TRIM28, TRIM24, and RBBP4 to repress ARHGAP24 expression, increasing active Rac1 levels in lung adenocarcinoma cells exposed to smoking-associated stimuli. Co-IP of CBX3 with TRIM28/TRIM24/RBBP4; ChIP at ARHGAP24 promoter; Rac1 activity assays; CBX3 knockdown/overexpression Oncogene Medium 34785774
2022 CBX3 accelerates GBM progression by suppressing the E3 ligases PARK2 and STUB1 at the transcriptional level through its chromodomain (CD), reducing ubiquitination and degradation of EGFR; additionally, the chromoshadow domain (CSD) of CBX3 interacts with PARK2 protein and promotes its ubiquitination/degradation. CBX3 domain mutants (CD, CSD); Co-IP of CBX3 with PARK2; ChIP at PARK2/STUB1 promoters; ubiquitination assays; EGFR stability assays; erlotinib rescue Oncogene Medium 35459780
2023 HDAC1-mediated deacetylation of HP1γ at lysine 5 in bortezomib-resistant myeloma cells reduces ubiquitin-mediated HP1γ degradation; deacetylated HP1γ interacts with MDC1 to enhance DNA repair and nuclear condensation, increasing chromatin accessibility at target genes (CD40, FOS, JUN) governing proteasome inhibitor sensitivity. SILAC-based acetyl-proteomics; site-specific mutagenesis of K5; Co-IP of HP1γ with MDC1; HDAC1 inhibitor rescue; ATAC-seq/chromatin accessibility; in vitro and in vivo bortezomib resistance models Nature communications High 36894562
2023 CGRP induces anxiety behavior by promoting HP1γ phosphorylation (at a site linked to gene silencing) in the dorsal hippocampus, leading to HP1γ recruitment to the Klf11 enhancer (shown by ChIP), enhanced KLF11 expression, increased MAOB levels, and decreased dopamine. Intracerebroventricular/intra-hippocampal CGRP administration; ChIP for HP1γ at Klf11 enhancer; MAOB activity assays; dopamine measurement; behavioral tests Communications biology Medium 38503899
2023 PLK1 phosphorylates CBX3 to enhance its interaction with RB1; this CBX3–RB1 interaction releases E2F1, modulating sensitivity to CDK4/6 inhibitors in CRPC; BRD4 transcriptionally upregulates CBX3 expression. Co-IP of CBX3 with RB1; PLK1 kinase assay; BRD4 inhibitor effects on CBX3 expression; CDK4/6 inhibitor sensitivity assays Advanced science Medium 37949681
2024 CBX3 binds lactylated histone and recruits histone acetyltransferase EP300, increasing EP300 substrate specificity toward lactyl-CoA; this drives immunosuppressive transcriptional programs including CD47 upregulation. CBX3 does not possess direct lactyltransferase activity itself. Co-IP of CBX3 with EP300; lactyl-CoA substrate assays; CBX3 knockdown with transcriptional and phagocytosis readouts; in vitro and in vivo tumor models The Journal of clinical investigation Medium 39545414
2024 CBX3 binds RPA2 and is recruited to stalled replication forks by RPA2; CBX3 inhibits RFWD3-facilitated replication restart; CK2 phosphorylates CBX3 at serine-95, augmenting CDH1-mediated CBX3 degradation and permitting RPA2 dynamics and fork restart; elevated CBX3 sensitizes prostate cancer cells to PARP inhibitors. Co-IP of CBX3 with RPA2; in vitro CK2 kinase assay; replication fork assays; CDH1-mediated degradation assays; PARP inhibitor sensitivity in CBX3-overexpressing cells Science advances High 38781342
2024 CBX3 (HP1γ) represses STAT1 and CD274 (PD-L1) by binding their promoters; IFNγ reduces CBX3 binding to these promoters; CBX3 deletion causes chronic colon inflammation with elevated STAT1 and PD-L1, and heightens CRC chemosensitivity under IFNγ stimulation. ChIP for CBX3 at STAT1 and CD274 promoters; CBX3 knockout mouse colon model; IFNγ treatment with CBX3 binding assays; in vivo syngeneic tumor model EMBO molecular medicine High 38684864
2024 CBX3 directly binds the promoter of CUL3, suppressing CUL3 transcription and CUL3-mediated NRF2 degradation, thereby upregulating NRF2 protein and downstream GPX2, inhibiting ferroptosis and promoting multidrug resistance in colorectal cancer. ChIP of CBX3 at CUL3 promoter; NRF2/CUL3/GPX2 protein expression assays; ferroptosis assays; PDX tumor models; ML385 NRF2 inhibitor Oncogene Medium 40089640
2025 SETDB1-mediated H3K9me3 recruits CBX3 to the SIRT4 promoter to repress SIRT4 expression; SETDB1 knockdown upregulates SIRT4, decreases PTEN, promotes autophagy, and protects against renal I/R injury in vivo. Co-IP confirmed SETDB1–CBX3 interaction; sequential ChIP confirmed co-occupancy at the SIRT4 promoter. ChIP-reChIP and Co-IP for SETDB1 and CBX3 at SIRT4 promoter; SETDB1 knockdown in vivo rat I/R injury model; autophagy (TEM) and PTEN expression assays FASEB journal Medium 40197868
2025 The chromoshadow domain of HP1γ (HP1γCSD) interacts with the HP1 box of KAP1 and forms a dimer-of-dimers in an antiparallel arrangement (distinct from HP1αCSD parallel/concentration-dependent oligomerization); electrostatic interactions stabilize the HP1γCSD β-sheet interface, unlike the hydrophobic interface of HP1αCSD; in vivo rescue experiments in KAP1- and HP1-knockout ESCs demonstrate unique cooperative repression of lncRNA AI662270 by KAP1 and HP1γ but not other HP1s. X-ray crystallography; NMR; mass photometry of HP1γCSD-KAP1 Hbox complex; in vivo rescue in KAP1/HP1 knockout mESCs with lncRNA expression readout Cell reports High 41575850
2025 TRIM66 interacts with HP1γ through a PxVxL motif; TRIM66–HP1γ co-undergoes liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) both in vitro and in vivo; the resulting condensates correlate with H3K9me3 sites and are associated with DNA damage response; HP1γ cannot phase-separate alone but does so cooperatively with TRIM66. Identification of PxVxL interaction; in vitro LLPS assay; in vivo condensate imaging; correlation with H3K9me3 by ChIP Biophysics reports Medium 40070663
2000 HP1γ localizes to both euchromatin and heterochromatin compartments of interphase nuclei and to pericentromeric chromatin and arms of mitotic chromosomes; the amino-terminal epitope is selectively masked in non-replicative heterochromatin, explaining conflicting prior localizations; dual localization confirmed by GFP-HP1γ fusion. Immunocytochemistry with epitope-specific antibodies (N-terminal vs C-terminal); GFP-HP1γ fusion protein imaging; analysis across interphase and mitotic cells Cytogenetics and cell genetics Medium 11124534
2017 HP1γ is present in both the nucleus and cytoplasm; in the cytoplasm it co-localizes with and co-immunoprecipitates with actin (both G- and F-actin forms) in myoblasts; nuclear HP1γ–actin complex associates with the promoter and transcribed regions of GAPDH (re-ChIP); HP1γ knockdown impairs myoblast differentiation. Nuclear export is CRM-1-dependent (blocked by leptomycin B). Confocal and immunoelectron microscopy; cellular fractionation; Co-IP of HP1γ with actin (± cytochalasin D); re-ChIP at GAPDH; HP1γ knockdown differentiation assay; leptomycin B treatment Biochimica et biophysica acta. Molecular cell research Medium 29208528
2018 NGF-PKA signaling in differentiating PC12 cells decreases HP1γ association with silent heterochromatin, phosphorylates HP1γ at S83 via PKA, and ultimately leads to HP1γ degradation; elevated HP1γ antagonizes neuronal differentiation while its loss facilitates it. NGF treatment of PC12 cells; PKA kinase assay; heterochromatin association assays; gain- and loss-of-function (overexpression and RNAi); genome-wide expression profiling Scientific reports Medium 30305677
2023 Loss of HP1γ in mouse embryonic fibroblasts downregulates TRF1 and other telomere-associated transcripts, increasing telomeric DNA-RNA hybrids (R-loops) and telomere replication stress (γH2AX), particularly on chromosomes 18 and X; this establishes a transcriptional control role for HP1γ in telomere maintenance. HP1γ-deficient MEFs; gene expression analysis; telomere FISH; immunofluorescence for γH2AX; DNA-RNA immunoprecipitation (DRIP) Life sciences Medium 37598977
2018 HP1γ deletion in cardiac myocytes does not affect H3K9me3 levels but significantly reduces H4K20me3 levels; HP1β protein is upregulated and redistributes to perinuclear heterochromatin in HP1γ KO cardiomyocytes; HP1γ is dispensable for cell cycle exit and normal cardiac growth. Conditional CM-specific HP1γ knockout mouse (Nkx2.5-Cre); echocardiography; ChIP/immunostaining for H3K9me3 and H4K20me3; global transcriptome analysis Epigenetics & chromatin Medium 29665845

Source papers

Stage 0 corpus · 100 papers · ranked by NIH iCite citations
Year Title Journal Citations PMID
2005 Histone H3 lysine 9 methylation and HP1gamma are associated with transcription elongation through mammalian chromatin. Molecular cell 564 16061184
2007 Suv39H1 and HP1gamma are responsible for chromatin-mediated HIV-1 transcriptional silencing and post-integration latency. The EMBO journal 265 17245432
2009 Specific loss of histone H3 lysine 9 trimethylation and HP1gamma/cohesin binding at D4Z4 repeats is associated with facioscapulohumeral dystrophy (FSHD). PLoS genetics 217 19593370
2011 Histone H3 lysine 9 trimethylation and HP1γ favor inclusion of alternative exons. Nature structural & molecular biology 215 21358630
2000 HP1gamma associates with euchromatin and heterochromatin in mammalian nuclei and chromosomes. Cytogenetics and cell genetics 133 11124534
2010 Conserved antagonism between JMJD2A/KDM4A and HP1γ during cell cycle progression. Molecular cell 130 21145482
2015 Heterochromatin protein HP1γ promotes colorectal cancer progression and is regulated by miR-30a. Cancer research 88 26333808
2012 CBX3 regulates efficient RNA processing genome-wide. Genome research 86 22684280
2024 Lactate reprograms glioblastoma immunity through CBX3-regulated histone lactylation. The Journal of clinical investigation 85 39545414
2012 Identification of CBX3 and ABCA5 as putative biomarkers for tumor stem cells in osteosarcoma. PloS one 73 22870217
2018 HP1γ Promotes Lung Adenocarcinoma by Downregulating the Transcription-Repressive Regulators NCOR2 and ZBTB7A. Cancer research 67 29764865
2011 HP1γ links histone methylation marks to meiotic synapsis in mice. Development (Cambridge, England) 67 21896631
2018 CBX3 promotes proliferation and regulates glycolysis via suppressing FBP1 in pancreatic cancer. Biochemical and biophysical research communications 51 29678579
2020 LncRNA LINC00998 inhibits the malignant glioma phenotype via the CBX3-mediated c-Met/Akt/mTOR axis. Cell death & disease 50 33268783
2010 HP1gamma function is required for male germ cell survival and spermatogenesis. Epigenetics & chromatin 50 20423503
2007 Correlation of DNA methylation with histone modifications across the HNRPA2B1-CBX3 ubiquitously-acting chromatin open element (UCOE). Epigenetics 50 18032920
2008 Identifying functional neighborhoods within the cell nucleus: proximity analysis of early S-phase replicating chromatin domains to sites of transcription, RNA polymerase II, HP1gamma, matrin 3 and SAF-A. Journal of cellular biochemistry 47 18618731
2017 CBX3 promotes colon cancer cell proliferation by CDK6 kinase-independent function during cell cycle. Oncotarget 45 28193906
2017 CBX3/heterochromatin protein 1 gamma is significantly upregulated in patients with non-small cell lung cancer. Asia-Pacific journal of clinical oncology 44 29124886
2008 Regulation of an inducible promoter by an HP1beta-HP1gamma switch. EMBO reports 44 18239689
2013 HP1γ expression is elevated in prostate cancer and is superior to Gleason score as a predictor of biochemical recurrence after radical prostatectomy. BMC cancer 42 23522301
2018 Cbx3 inhibits vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation, migration, and neointima formation. Cardiovascular research 37 29206900
2017 Cbx3 maintains lineage specificity during neural differentiation. Genes & development 37 28270516
2014 Shigella flexneri targets the HP1γ subcode through the phosphothreonine lyase OspF. The EMBO journal 37 25216677
2011 Recruitment of the cohesin loading factor NIPBL to DNA double-strand breaks depends on MDC1, RNF168 and HP1γ in human cells. Biochemical and biophysical research communications 37 21784059
2017 A regulatory circuit HP1γ/miR-451a/c-Myc promotes prostate cancer progression. Oncogene 35 28967902
2022 CBX3 Regulated By YBX1 Promotes Smoking-induced Pancreatic Cancer Progression via Inhibiting SMURF2 Expression. International journal of biological sciences 32 35637952
2018 Overexpression of CBX3 in Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma Promotes Cell Cycle Transition-Associated Tumor Progression. International journal of molecular sciences 32 29903985
2003 HP1beta and HP1gamma, but not HP1alpha, decorate the entire XY body during human male meiosis. Chromosome research : an international journal on the molecular, supramolecular and evolutionary aspects of chromosome biology 31 12675308
2020 CBX3 Promotes Gastric Cancer Progression and Affects Factors Related to Immunotherapeutic Responses. Cancer management and research 30 33116867
2021 Smoking-associated upregulation of CBX3 suppresses ARHGAP24 expression to activate Rac1 signaling and promote tumor progression in lung adenocarcinoma. Oncogene 29 34785774
2007 Ubiquitous expression of the rtTA2S-M2 inducible system in transgenic mice driven by the human hnRNPA2B1/CBX3 CpG island. BMC developmental biology 29 17900353
2022 CBX3 accelerates the malignant progression of glioblastoma multiforme by stabilizing EGFR expression. Oncogene 28 35459780
2020 HPV-mediated nuclear export of HP1γ drives cervical tumorigenesis by downregulation of p53. Cell death and differentiation 28 32203172
2015 Nucleosome compaction facilitates HP1γ binding to methylated H3K9. Nucleic acids research 28 26319017
2021 LINC00857 contributes to proliferation and lymphomagenesis by regulating miR-370-3p/CBX3 axis in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Carcinogenesis 25 33657224
2011 Histone variant H3.3 stimulates HSP70 transcription through cooperation with HP1γ. Nucleic acids research 25 21742762
2010 Role of the epigenetic regulator HP1γ in the control of embryonic stem cell properties. PloS one 25 21085495
2023 Deacetylation induced nuclear condensation of HP1γ promotes multiple myeloma drug resistance. Nature communications 24 36894562
2023 m5C modification of LINC00324 promotes angiogenesis in glioma through CBX3/VEGFR2 pathway. International journal of biological macromolecules 24 38016610
2013 Functional impact of Aurora A-mediated phosphorylation of HP1γ at serine 83 during cell cycle progression. Epigenetics & chromatin 22 23829974
2012 Structural basis of the chromodomain of Cbx3 bound to methylated peptides from histone h1 and G9a. PloS one 22 22514736
2012 Suppression and recovery of BRCA1-mediated transcription by HP1γ via modulation of promoter occupancy. Nucleic acids research 22 23074186
2020 lncRNA-SNHG17 promotes colon adenocarcinoma progression and serves as a sponge for miR-375 to regulate CBX3 expression. American journal of translational research 21 33042419
2020 microRNA-377 acts as a suppressor in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma through CBX3-dependent P53/P21 pathway. Journal of cellular physiology 21 33459391
2023 Targeting CBX3 with a Dual BET/PLK1 Inhibitor Enhances the Antitumor Efficacy of CDK4/6 Inhibitors in Prostate Cancer. Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) 19 37949681
2019 Citrullination of HP1γ chromodomain affects association with chromatin. Epigenetics & chromatin 18 30940194
2017 Cbx3/HP1γ deficiency confers enhanced tumor-killing capacity on CD8+ T cells. Scientific reports 18 28220815
2019 Circ-EZH2 knockdown reverses DDAH1 and CBX3-mediated cell growth and invasion in glioma through miR-1265 sponge activity. Gene 16 31669648
2018 Deletion of HP1γ in cardiac myocytes affects H4K20me3 levels but does not impact cardiac growth. Epigenetics & chromatin 16 29665845
2015 Evidence supporting a critical contribution of intrinsically disordered regions to the biochemical behavior of full-length human HP1γ. Journal of molecular modeling 16 26680990
2010 Heterochromatin marks HP1γ, HP1α and H3K9me3, and DNA damage response activation in human testis development and germ cell tumours. International journal of andrology 16 20695923
2023 PSMC4 promotes prostate carcinoma progression by regulating the CBX3-EGFR-PI3K-AKT-mTOR pathway. Journal of cellular and molecular medicine 15 37436074
2021 LINC01006 regulates the proliferation, migration and invasion of hepatocellular carcinoma cells through regulating miR-433-3p/CBX3 axis. Annals of hepatology 15 33781916
2023 CBX3 promotes clear cell renal carcinoma through PI3K/AKT activation and aberrant immunity. Journal of translational medicine 14 37674204
2021 lncRNA KCNQ1OT1 reverses the effect of sevoflurane on hepatocellular carcinoma progression via regulating the miR-29a-3p/CBX3 axis. Brazilian journal of medical and biological research = Revista brasileira de pesquisas medicas e biologicas 14 34008749
2021 HP1γ binding pre-mRNA intronic repeats modulates RNA splicing decisions. EMBO reports 14 34312949
2025 CBX3 promotes multidrug resistance by suppressing ferroptosis in colorectal carcinoma via the CUL3/NRF2/GPX2 axis. Oncogene 13 40089640
2024 CGRP causes anxiety via HP1γ-KLF11-MAOB pathway and dopamine in the dorsal hippocampus. Communications biology 13 38503899
2020 HP1γ Sensitizes Cervical Cancer Cells to Cisplatin through the Suppression of UBE2L3. International journal of molecular sciences 13 32825184
2001 The gene and pseudogenes of Cbx3/mHP1 gamma. DNA sequence : the journal of DNA sequencing and mapping 13 11762190
2021 Targeting Cbx3/HP1γ Induces LEF-1 and IL-21R to Promote Tumor-Infiltrating CD8 T-Cell Persistence. Frontiers in immunology 12 34721405
2014 Up-regulation of HP1γ expression during neuronal maturation promotes axonal and dendritic development in mouse embryonic neocortex. Genes to cells : devoted to molecular & cellular mechanisms 12 25441120
2023 Inhibition of tiRNA-Gly-GCC ameliorates neointimal formation via CBX3-mediated VSMCs phenotypic switching. Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine 11 36818350
2023 NCAPG is transcriptionally regulated by CBX3 and activates the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway to promote proliferation and the cell cycle and inhibit apoptosis in colorectal cancer. Journal of gastrointestinal oncology 11 37201048
2020 HP1γ regulates H3K36 methylation and pluripotency in embryonic stem cells. Nucleic acids research 11 33237287
2017 MicroRNA-30b targets CBX3 and regulates cell proliferation, apoptosis, and migration in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma via the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway. International journal of clinical and experimental pathology 10 31966547
2022 CBX3 regulated by miR-139 promotes the development of HCC by regulating cell cycle progression. Cell cycle (Georgetown, Tex.) 9 35471148
2017 The CpG-sites of the CBX3 ubiquitous chromatin opening element are critical structural determinants for the anti-silencing function. Scientific reports 9 28801671
2017 Heterochromatin protein (HP)1γ is not only in the nucleus but also in the cytoplasm interacting with actin in both cell compartments. Biochimica et biophysica acta. Molecular cell research 9 29208528
2013 A role for MeCP2 in switching gene activity via chromatin unfolding and HP1γ displacement. PloS one 9 23935992
2021 The LncRNA RP11-279C4.1 Enhances the Malignant Behaviour of Glioma Cells and Glioma Stem-Like Cells by Regulating the miR-1273g-3p/CBX3 Axis. Molecular neurobiology 8 33694060
2020 The role of the histones H3K9ac, H3K9me3, HP1γ, and H3K36me3 in oral squamous cell carcinoma loco-regional metastasis and relapse. Pathology, research and practice 8 32971477
2024 CBX3 antagonizes IFNγ/STAT1/PD-L1 axis to modulate colon inflammation and CRC chemosensitivity. EMBO molecular medicine 7 38684864
2022 Clinicopathological significance of CBX3 in colorectal cancer: An intensive expression study based on formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tissues. Pathology international 7 35048461
2022 CBX3 is associated with metastasis and glutathione/glycosphingolipid metabolism in colon adenocarcinoma. Journal of gastrointestinal oncology 7 35284119
2014 HP-1γ Controls High-Affinity Antibody Response to T-Dependent Antigens. Frontiers in immunology 7 24971082
2025 SETDB1 recruits CBX3 to regulate the SIRT4/PTEN axis, inhibiting autophagy and promoting ischemia-reperfusion-induced kidney injury. FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology 6 40197868
2025 The Prevalence and Characteristics of IgA Antibodies to β2-Spectrin and CBX3 in Immunoglobulin A Nephropathy. Kidney international reports 6 40485707
2024 CK2-dependent degradation of CBX3 dictates replication fork stalling and PARP inhibitor sensitivity. Science advances 6 38781342
2023 Co-amplification of CBX3 with EGFR or RAC1 in human cancers corroborated by a conserved genetic interaction among the genes. Cell death discovery 6 37633946
2018 Mechanisms Underlying the Regulation of HP1γ by the NGF-PKA Signaling Pathway. Scientific reports 6 30305677
2015 A hypomorphic Cbx3 allele causes prenatal growth restriction and perinatal energy homeostasis defects. Journal of biosciences 6 25963260
2024 Exploring the Role of CBX3 as a Potential Therapeutic Target in Lung Cancer. Cancers 5 39272883
2020 Discovery, expression, cellular localization, and molecular properties of a novel, alternative spliced HP1γ isoform, lacking the chromoshadow domain. PloS one 5 32027651
2023 HP1γ Prevents Activation of the cGAS/STING Pathway by Preserving Nuclear Envelope and Genomic Integrity in Colon Adenocarcinoma Cells. International journal of molecular sciences 4 37108510
2021 Qi Ling Inhibits Progression of Androgen-Independent Prostate Cancer via Negative Regulation of TRIM66/HP1γ/AR Axis. Complementary medicine research 4 34077947
2018 Chromatin Regulation by HP1γ Contributes to Survival of 5-Azacytidine-Resistant Cells. Frontiers in pharmacology 4 30386240
2025 TRIM66-HP1γ remodels the chromatin through phase separation. Biophysics reports 2 40070663
2019 Role of Fine Structural Dynamics in Recognition of Histone H3 by HP1γ(CSD) Dimer and Ability of Force Fields to Describe Their Interaction Network. Journal of chemical theory and computation 2 31476125
2026 CBX3 confers ferroptosis resistance during blood-borne metastasis. Journal of hematology & oncology 1 41540451
2025 Induction of the p21/CDK6 pathway and alteration of the immune microenvironment by the stem cell marker CBX3 in melanoma. Stem cell research & therapy 1 39934923
2024 MicroRNA‑1224 inhibits cell proliferation by downregulating CBX3 expression in chordoma. Oncology letters 1 38646496
2024 CBX3 Downregulates HLTF to Activate PI3K/AKT Signaling Promoting Cholangiocarcinoma. Advanced biology 1 39601498
2026 HP1γ self-assembles and cooperates with KAP1 in repression of long noncoding RNA AI662270 in ESCs. Cell reports 0 41575850
2026 CBX3 promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transition in synovial sarcoma via the SHH signaling pathway. American journal of cancer research 0 42004054
2025 lncRNA BBOX1-AS1 regulates the miR-382-5p/CBX3 Signalling pathway to affect the proliferation and apoptosis of glioblastoma cells. International immunopharmacology 0 40339498
2025 Clinical significance and molecular mechanism of CDX2-CBX3 regulatory axis in lung adenocarcinoma progression. Translational oncology 0 41218550
2024 CBX3 contributes to pancreatic adenocarcinoma progression via promoting KIF20A expression. Cytotechnology 0 39735331
2023 Mouse HP1γ regulates TRF1 expression and telomere stability. Life sciences 0 37598977

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