Affinage

RPA2

Replication protein A 32 kDa subunit · UniProt P15927

Length
270 aa
Mass
29.2 kDa
Annotated
2026-06-10
40 papers in source corpus 18 papers cited in narrative 18 extracted findings
Cross-family judge vs UniProt: Affinage preferred faithfulness: 5/5 claims corpus-supported (100%)

Mechanistic narrative

Synthesis pass · prose summary of the discoveries below

RPA2 is the middle subunit of the heterotrimeric single-stranded DNA-binding protein RPA, contributing an OB-fold DNA-binding domain (DBD-D) that extends the RPA footprint onto ssDNA substrates longer than ~23 nucleotides (PMID:11479296) and a flexible winged-helix (WH) domain that serves as a docking platform for repair and replication-fork enzymes, including UNG2, whose RPA-binding helix engages the WH domain to enable uracil excision from RPA-coated ssDNA (PMID:33784377). The dominant mechanistic theme is regulation of the DNA damage response through the heavily modified RPA2 N-terminal tail: ATR phosphorylates Thr21/Ser33 upon replication fork stalling to inhibit replication initiation (PMID:17035231), DNA-PK phosphorylates Ser4/Ser8 to suppress untimely homologous recombination and delay mitotic entry (PMID:21731742), and these events are dynamically reversed by PP4-mediated dephosphorylation, which is itself required for RAD51 loading and efficient HR (PMID:20154705). RPA2 phosphorylation status gates protein interactions central to repair-pathway choice, weakening the RPA–MRN association (PMID:19586055) while promoting RPA2 binding to RAD51 to drive HR under replication stress (PMID:20130019). Beyond phosphorylation, RPA2 function is tuned by a switchable ubiquitin code—TRIM21-mediated K63 linkage under basal conditions converting to K6 linkage after ATR signaling to stabilize the RPA2–ATRIP complex and support HR (PMID:39900724)—and by O-GlcNAcylation at Ser4/Ser8 that antagonizes phosphorylation and impairs Chk1 checkpoint activation (PMID:39491647). A heterozygous RPA2 Y256C variant that weakens RFWD3 binding and reduces RPA ubiquitination causes telomeric RPA accumulation, short dysfunctional telomeres, and a telomere biology disorder (PMID:39231615).

Mechanistic history

Synthesis pass · year-by-year structured walk · 18 steps
  1. 2001 High

    Established the biochemical contribution of the RPA2 subunit to substrate engagement, showing its OB-fold extends RPA's grip onto longer ssDNA.

    Evidence In vitro ssDNA binding and crosslinking with purified RPA carrying single-DBD inactivating mutations

    PMID:11479296

    Open questions at the time
    • Performed with yeast RPA; human-specific quantitative parameters not addressed
    • Does not connect DBD-D occupancy to downstream repair outcomes
  2. 2005 Medium

    Placed 53BP1 upstream of RPA2 hyperphosphorylation, defining an early signaling input to the RPA2 modification cascade.

    Evidence Co-IP/MS, dominant-negative and siRNA knockdown of 53BP1, RPA2 phosphorylation assay after camptothecin

    PMID:15856006

    Open questions at the time
    • Did not identify the responsible kinase downstream of 53BP1
    • Direct vs. indirect basis of the interaction not resolved
  3. 2006 High

    Identified ATR as a direct RPA2 kinase at Thr21/Ser33 and linked this modification to inhibition of replication during fork stalling.

    Evidence Phospho-site and phospho-mimetic mutagenesis, chromatin fractionation, DNA synthesis assays in human cells

    PMID:17035231

    Open questions at the time
    • Molecular mechanism by which phospho-RPA2 dissociates from replication centers not defined
    • Interplay with other tail sites not addressed
  4. 2008 Medium

    Showed RPA2 phosphorylation acts as a switch that weakens the RPA–MRN interaction, and mapped the interaction determinant to the RPA1 N-terminal OB-fold.

    Evidence Pulldowns/Co-IP with purified proteins, RPA1 deletion and R31A/R41A mutants, phosphomimetic RPA2

    PMID:19586055

    Open questions at the time
    • Cellular consequence of MRN release for resection kinetics not directly measured
    • Which physiological kinase drives this in vivo not established here
  5. 2008 Medium

    Dissected the kinase hierarchy showing ATR enables initial chromatin recruitment that licenses DNA-PK-mediated Ser4/Ser8 hyperphosphorylation after crosslinking damage.

    Evidence Selective kinase inhibitors, fractionation, phospho-specific antibodies in pol-eta-deficient cells

    PMID:18289945

    Open questions at the time
    • Largely correlative pharmacological dissection
    • Specific to pol-eta-deficient/crosslinker context
  6. 2010 High

    Defined PP4 as the phosphatase that reverses RPA2 phosphorylation and showed dephosphorylation is required for RAD51 loading and HR, establishing the dynamic phospho-cycle's functional importance.

    Evidence In vitro phosphatase assay, PP4R2 knockdown, Co-IP, RAD51 foci and HR reporter assays

    PMID:20154705

    Open questions at the time
    • Which specific phospho-sites must be removed for RAD51 loading not pinpointed
    • Timing relative to resection not resolved
  7. 2010 Medium

    Showed RPA2 hyperphosphorylation promotes RAD51 recruitment and HR specifically under replication stress, defining a context-dependent pro-HR role.

    Evidence Phospho-deficient mutant rescue, Co-IP with RAD51, HR reporter, foci, clonogenic survival

    PMID:20130019

    Open questions at the time
    • Apparent tension with reports of phosphorylation suppressing HR not reconciled
    • Site-specific contributions not separated
  8. 2011 Medium

    Demonstrated DNA-PK-driven Ser4/Ser8 phosphorylation restrains unscheduled HR and delays mitotic entry, framing this modification as a brake on inappropriate recombination.

    Evidence S4A/S8A mutants, DNA-PK inhibitors, RAD51 foci, HR reporter, cell cycle analysis

    PMID:21731742

    Open questions at the time
    • Opposing pro- and anti-HR roles of different tail phosphorylations not unified into one model
    • Direct molecular effector of the brake unknown
  9. 2013 Medium

    Revealed translational control of RPA2 via an IRES bound and repressed by eIF3a, adding a layer of expression regulation during the DNA damage response.

    Evidence IRES reporter assays, eIF3a RNA binding, eIF3a knockdown, polysome profiling

    PMID:23393223

    Open questions at the time
    • How damage signaling alters this IRES control mechanistically not defined
    • Physiological impact on RPA2 protein pools under stress not quantified
  10. 2017 Medium

    Identified a non-canonical role in which RPA2 binds menin and disrupts the menin–NF-kB p65 complex to derepress oncogenic transcription.

    Evidence Co-IP/binding assays, RPA2 overexpression and knockdown, NF-kB reporter and target immunoblots

    PMID:28007956

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether this requires RPA2's DNA-binding/repair functions unclear
    • Direct vs. complex-mediated menin contact not structurally defined
  11. 2019 Medium

    Established HERC2 as an E3 ligase that controls levels of ATR-phosphorylated (Ser33) RPA2 and suppresses G-quadruplex structures epistatically with RPA.

    Evidence Co-IP, HERC2 C-terminal rescue, phospho-immunoblotting, ATR inhibitor, siRNA epistasis for G4 suppression

    PMID:31582797

    Open questions at the time
    • Ubiquitin linkage type and degradation route not fully defined
    • Direct ubiquitination of RPA2 by HERC2 not reconstituted
  12. 2021 High

    Defined the RPA2 winged-helix domain as a direct interaction module for repair enzymes, mechanistically coupling RPA-coated ssDNA to UNG2-mediated uracil excision under PTM control.

    Evidence In vitro uracil excision on RPA-coated ssDNA, WH-domain mutants, structural/NMR analysis, UNG ubiquitination/phosphorylation modulation

    PMID:33784377

    Open questions at the time
    • Functional roles of the six additional WH-binding partners not characterized
    • Cellular consequence of disrupting WH-UNG2 contact not measured
  13. 2024 Medium

    Connected an RPA2 missense variant to human disease, showing reduced RFWD3 binding and RPA ubiquitination drives telomeric RPA accumulation and a telomere biology disorder.

    Evidence Y256C knock-in cells, telomere length, RPA localization, ATR activation and ubiquitination assays

    PMID:39231615

    Open questions at the time
    • Why telomeric RPA accumulation fails to trigger ATR not mechanistically resolved
    • Inheritance and penetrance details beyond engineered cells limited
  14. 2024 Medium

    Identified O-GlcNAcylation at Ser4/Ser8 as a modification that competes with phosphorylation and dampens Chk1 checkpoint activation.

    Evidence HCD mass spectrometry site mapping, OGT Co-IP, phospho/O-GlcNAc immunoblotting, etoposide, Chk1 and cell cycle assays

    PMID:39491647

    Open questions at the time
    • Stoichiometry of the PTM switch in vivo not quantified
    • Whether O-GlcNAc also affects DNA binding not tested
  15. 2024 Low

    Reported AXL-mediated tyrosine phosphorylation of RPA2 at Tyr9 promoting CHK1 activation and HR in hepatocellular carcinoma.

    Evidence Co-IP, phospho-specific immunoblotting, AXL inhibitor, siRNA, HR efficiency assay

    PMID:39281567

    Open questions at the time
    • Tyr9 site not validated by mutagenesis
    • Single Co-IP without reciprocal/structural confirmation
  16. 2025 Medium

    Resolved a switchable ubiquitin code on RPA2: TRIM21 deposits K63 linkages basally, and ATR phosphorylation of TRIM21 triggers a K6-linkage shift that stabilizes RPA2–ATRIP and supports HR.

    Evidence Co-IP, linkage-specific ubiquitination assays, TRIM21 S41 phospho-mutant, siRNA, HR reporter, ATR kinase assay

    PMID:39900724

    Open questions at the time
    • Reader proteins distinguishing K63 vs K6 chains not identified
    • Relationship to HERC2/RFWD3 ubiquitin events not integrated
  17. 2025 Medium

    Identified TTK as a kinase phosphorylating RPA2 at Ser33 to activate ATR and drive HR, linking RPA2 modification to PARP inhibitor resistance.

    Evidence Co-IP, phospho-Ser33 immunoblotting, TTK knockdown/inhibitor, ATR assays, in vitro and in vivo HR assays

    PMID:40617868

    Open questions at the time
    • How TTK-driven Ser33 differs functionally from ATR-driven Ser33 not resolved
    • Direct vs. ATR-relayed phosphorylation not fully separated
  18. 2025 Medium

    Showed a CSDE1–eIF3a axis upregulates RPA2 translation to enhance NER/HR and suppress cGAS-STING signaling, contributing to genotoxic drug resistance.

    Evidence Biotin-RNA pulldown, EMSA, Co-IP, CSDE1 knockout mice, DNA damage reporter assays

    PMID:40398074

    Open questions at the time
    • Reconciliation with eIF3a's earlier reported suppressive IRES role not addressed
    • Direct effect on RPA2 protein levels in tumors not quantified

Open questions

Synthesis pass · forward-looking unresolved questions
  • How the many overlapping RPA2 modifications—ATR/DNA-PK/TTK phosphorylation, O-GlcNAcylation, and HERC2/TRIM21/RFWD3 ubiquitination—are temporally and spatially integrated to dictate replication-vs-HR pathway choice remains unresolved.
  • No unified model orders these PTMs across the damage response
  • Crosstalk between distinct ubiquitin ligases on RPA2 not reconstituted
  • Apparent opposing pro- and anti-HR effects of tail phosphorylation not fully reconciled

Mechanism profile

Synthesis pass · controlled-vocabulary classification · explore literature graph →
Molecular activity
GO:0005198 structural molecule activity 2 GO:0060090 molecular adaptor activity 2 GO:0003677 DNA binding 1
Localization
GO:0005694 chromosome 2 GO:0005634 nucleus 1
Pathway
R-HSA-73894 DNA Repair 4 R-HSA-8953897 Cellular responses to stimuli 3 R-HSA-69306 DNA Replication 2
Partners
HERC2MRE11OGTRAD51RFWD3TRIM21TTKUNG2
Complex memberships
RPA heterotrimer

Evidence

Reading pass · 18 per-paper findings extracted from the source corpus
Year Finding Method Journal Conf PMIDs
2006 ATR directly phosphorylates RPA2 on chromatin at Thr21 and Ser33 in response to UV-induced replication fork stalling, and phospho-mimetic mutations at these ATR-dependent sites impair RPA2 association with replication centers, mechanistically linking ATR phosphorylation of RPA2 to inhibition of DNA replication in S-phase. Phospho-site mutagenesis (T21A, S33A and phospho-mimetic alleles), chromatin fractionation, DNA synthesis assays, ATR-dependent kinase assays in human cells The Journal of biological chemistry High 17035231
2010 Protein phosphatase 4 (PP4), via its regulatory subunit PP4R2, dephosphorylates RPA2 in vitro and in cells; PP4R2 mediates a DNA damage-dependent physical association between RPA2 and the PP4C catalytic subunit. PP4-mediated dephosphorylation of RPA2 is required for RAD51 loading and efficient homologous recombination (HR) after DSBs. In vitro phosphatase assay with purified PP4 and phospho-RPA2, siRNA knockdown of PP4R2, co-immunoprecipitation, RAD51 foci assay, HR reporter assay Nature structural & molecular biology High 20154705
2001 The RPA2 subunit contains OB-fold DNA-binding domain D (DBD-D) which engages ssDNA substrates of ≥23–27 nucleotides; inactivation of DBD-D by mutation of conserved aromatic stacking residues has little effect on short substrates but abolishes RPA contact with oligonucleotides ≥27 nt, supporting a sequential binding model where DBD-D extends the footprint on longer ssDNA. In vitro ssDNA binding assays with purified recombinant yeast RPA carrying single-DBD inactivating mutations, protein-DNA crosslinking The Journal of biological chemistry High 11479296
2010 RPA2 hyperphosphorylation (induced by hydroxyurea-mediated replication arrest) promotes association of RPA2 with ssDNA and RAD51, is required for RAD51 recruitment and HR-mediated repair of HU-induced damage, and its loss leads to chromosomal aberrations and reduced viability specifically under replication stress but not after ionizing radiation. Phosphorylation-deficient RPA2 mutant expression, co-immunoprecipitation with RAD51, HR reporter assays, immunofluorescence for RAD51 foci, clonogenic survival Carcinogenesis Medium 20130019
2011 DNA-PK phosphorylates RPA2 at Ser4 and Ser8 primarily in response to DSBs; this hyperphosphorylation suppresses unscheduled homologous recombination (evidenced by increased RAD51 foci and HR in S4A/S8A mutant cells) and delays mitotic entry, allowing proper DSB repair. S4A/S8A phospho-mutant RPA2 expression, DNA-PK inhibitors, RAD51 foci quantification, HR reporter assay, cell cycle analysis PloS one Medium 21731742
2008 RPA2 phosphorylation (phosphorylated or phosphomimetic RPA) weakens the direct physical interaction between RPA and the MRN complex (MRE11, RAD50, NBS1), and the N-terminal OB-fold of RPA1 (requiring Arg31 and Arg41) is the critical determinant of the RPA–MRN protein–protein interaction. Pulldown assays with purified proteins, co-immunoprecipitation, RPA1 N-terminal deletion and point mutants (R31A, R41A), phosphomimetic RPA2 substitution Biochemistry Medium 19586055
2008 In DNA polymerase eta-deficient cells, cisplatin- and oxaliplatin-induced hyperphosphorylation of RPA2 at Ser4/Ser8 is mediated by DNA-PK (blocked by NU7441) rather than ATM; ATR is required for initial RPA2 recruitment to chromatin and subsequently enables DNA-PK-mediated Ser4/Ser8 phosphorylation. Selective kinase inhibitors (NU7441 for DNA-PK, KU-55933 for ATM, CGK733 for ATM/ATR), immunofluorescence, subcellular fractionation, phospho-specific antibodies DNA repair Medium 18289945
2005 53BP1 physically associates with RPA1 and RPA2 (interaction disrupted by camptothecin-induced DNA damage), and dominant-negative 53BP1 fragments or 53BP1 siRNA knockdown inhibit camptothecin-induced RPA2 hyperphosphorylation, placing 53BP1 upstream of RPA2 phosphorylation in the DNA damage response. Co-immunoprecipitation followed by tandem MS identification, immunoblotting, dominant-negative 53BP1 stable cell lines, siRNA knockdown, RPA2 phosphorylation assay Oncogene Medium 15856006
2013 RPA2 translation is regulated via an internal ribosome entry site (IRES) located −50 to −150 bases upstream of the start codon; eIF3a directly binds this IRES element and suppresses RPA2 synthesis, providing a translational control mechanism for RPA2 expression during DNA damage response. IRES reporter assays, eIF3a RNA binding (EMSA/pulldown), siRNA knockdown of eIF3a, polysome profiling, DNA damage treatment Carcinogenesis Medium 23393223
2019 HERC2 E3 ubiquitin ligase interacts with RPA2 via its C-terminal HECT domain and mediates ubiquitination-dependent degradation of ATR-phosphorylated RPA2 (Ser33); HERC2 depletion inhibits ATR-mediated Ser33 phosphorylation under low-level replication stress, while loss of HERC2 catalytic activity causes constitutively elevated Ser33-phospho-RPA2. HERC2 E3 activity is epistatic to RPA in suppression of G-quadruplex DNA structures. Co-immunoprecipitation, siRNA knockdown and rescue with HERC2 C-terminal fragment, phospho-specific immunoblotting, ATR inhibitor treatment, siRNA epistasis for G4 suppression Scientific reports Medium 31582797
2021 The flexible winged-helix (WH) domain of RPA2 directly interacts with the N-terminal RPA-binding helix of UNG2 (uracil-DNA glycosylase), enabling efficient excision of uracil from RPA-coated ssDNA; this interaction is promoted by mono-ubiquitination of UNG and diminished by cell-cycle-regulated phosphorylations on UNG. Six additional DNA repair/replication fork remodeling proteins also bind the RPA2-WH domain. In vitro uracil excision assays on RPA-coated ssDNA, binding/interaction assays with WH domain mutants, NMR/structural analysis of interaction, ubiquitination and phosphorylation of UNG modulating the interaction Nucleic acids research High 33784377
2017 RPA2 physically interacts with menin (the MEN1 tumor suppressor protein); ectopic RPA2 expression disrupts the menin–NF-κB p65 complex, relieving menin's inhibitory effect on NF-κB-regulated transcription and promoting oncogenic gene expression. Conversely, RPA2 knockdown enhances the menin–p65 complex and suppresses NF-κB target genes. Co-immunoprecipitation/binding assays, RPA2 overexpression and siRNA knockdown, NF-κB reporter assay, immunoblotting for NF-κB targets Carcinogenesis Medium 28007956
2024 A heterozygous Y256C variant in RPA2 reduces RPA2 affinity for RFWD3 (ubiquitin ligase) and reduces RPA ubiquitination, causing accumulation of RPA at telomeres without triggering ATR activation, resulting in short and dysfunctional telomeres and telomere biology disorder in patients. Knock-in cell lines engineered with Y256C mutation, telomere length measurement, RPA telomere localization (ChIP/IF), ATR activation assays, RPA–RFWD3 interaction assays, ubiquitination assays Genes & development Medium 39231615
2024 O-GlcNAcylation of RPA2 by OGT occurs at Ser4/Ser8 (mapped by mass spectrometry) and directly antagonizes phosphorylation at these sites; OGT interacts with RPA2 and this association is reduced by etoposide treatment. Ser4/Ser8 O-GlcNAcylation impairs downstream Chk1 activation and promotes inappropriate cell cycle progression, indicating a checkpoint defect. HCD mass spectrometry mapping of O-GlcNAc sites, OGT co-immunoprecipitation, phospho-specific and O-GlcNAc-specific immunoblotting, etoposide treatment, Chk1 activation assay, cell cycle analysis The Journal of biological chemistry Medium 39491647
2025 TRIM21 mediates K63-linked ubiquitination of RPA2 under basal conditions; upon DNA damage, ATR phosphorylates TRIM21 at Ser41, causing dissociation of the TRIM21–RPA2 complex and a shift from K63- to K6-linked ubiquitination of RPA2. K6-linked ubiquitination stabilizes the RPA2–ATRIP complex and is required for efficient homologous recombination repair. Co-immunoprecipitation, ubiquitination linkage-specific assays, TRIM21 S41 phospho-mutant expression, siRNA knockdown, HR repair reporter assay, ATR kinase assay Oncogene Medium 39900724
2025 TTK kinase directly interacts with RPA2 and phosphorylates RPA2 at Ser33, which activates the ATR signaling pathway and promotes homologous recombination-mediated repair, contributing to PARP inhibitor resistance in ovarian cancer cells. Co-immunoprecipitation of TTK–RPA2, phospho-Ser33 immunoblotting, TTK knockdown and inhibitor treatment, ATR pathway activation assays, in vitro and in vivo HR assays Communications biology Medium 40617868
2025 CSDE1 forms a ternary complex with eIF3a protein and RPA2 mRNA (confirmed by biotin pulldown, EMSA and co-IP), upregulating RPA2 translation; this CSDE1-eIF3a-RPA2 regulatory axis enhances nucleotide excision repair and homologous recombination and suppresses cGAS-STING signaling, conferring genotoxic drug resistance. Biotin-RNA pulldown, EMSA, co-immunoprecipitation, CSDE1 knockout mouse models, DNA damage reporter assays Drug resistance updates Medium 40398074
2024 AXL receptor tyrosine kinase physically interacts with RPA2, promotes its recruitment to DNA damage sites, and tyrosinates RPA2 at Tyr9, which in turn promotes CHK1 phosphorylation and strengthens HR repair capacity in hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Co-immunoprecipitation of AXL–RPA2, phospho-specific immunoblotting, AXL kinase inhibitor (bemcentinib), siRNA knockdown, HR efficiency assay Heliyon Low 39281567

Source papers

Stage 0 corpus · 40 papers · ranked by NIH iCite citations
Year Title Journal Citations PMID
2006 RPA2 is a direct downstream target for ATR to regulate the S-phase checkpoint. The Journal of biological chemistry 152 17035231
2010 A PP4 phosphatase complex dephosphorylates RPA2 to facilitate DNA repair via homologous recombination. Nature structural & molecular biology 126 20154705
2009 Stn1-Ten1 is an Rpa2-Rpa3-like complex at telomeres. Genes & development 112 20008938
2001 Functional analysis of the four DNA binding domains of replication protein A. The role of RPA2 in ssDNA binding. The Journal of biological chemistry 109 11479296
2010 The role of RPA2 phosphorylation in homologous recombination in response to replication arrest. Carcinogenesis 80 20130019
2008 Immunolocalization of Kim-1, RPA-1, and RPA-2 in kidney of gentamicin-, mercury-, or chromium-treated rats: relationship to renal distributions of iNOS and nitrotyrosine. Toxicologic pathology 62 18441258
2011 DNA-PK-dependent RPA2 hyperphosphorylation facilitates DNA repair and suppresses sister chromatid exchange. PloS one 61 21731742
2009 Physical interaction between replication protein A (RPA) and MRN: involvement of RPA2 phosphorylation and the N-terminus of RPA1. Biochemistry 51 19586055
2008 Enhanced DNA-PK-mediated RPA2 hyperphosphorylation in DNA polymerase eta-deficient human cells treated with cisplatin and oxaliplatin. DNA repair 49 18289945
2013 Translational regulation of RPA2 via internal ribosomal entry site and by eIF3a. Carcinogenesis 34 23393223
2009 Differences in immunolocalization of Kim-1, RPA-1, and RPA-2 in kidneys of gentamicin-, cisplatin-, and valproic acid-treated rats: potential role of iNOS and nitrotyrosine. Toxicologic pathology 34 19535489
2005 53BP1 is associated with replication protein A and is required for RPA2 hyperphosphorylation following DNA damage. Oncogene 32 15856006
2017 Valproic acid sensitizes breast cancer cells to hydroxyurea through inhibiting RPA2 hyperphosphorylation-mediated DNA repair pathway. DNA repair 29 28837865
1996 Molecular cloning of RPA2, the gene encoding the second largest subunit of mouse RNA polymerase I. Genomics 28 8921381
2008 Ferroplasma acidarmanus RPA2 facilitates efficient unwinding of forked DNA substrates by monomers of FacXPD helicase. Journal of molecular biology 27 18801373
2017 Upregulation of RPA2 promotes NF-κB activation in breast cancer by relieving the antagonistic function of menin on NF-κB-regulated transcription. Carcinogenesis 18 28007956
1994 High-resolution genomic mapping of the three human replication protein A genes (RPA1, RPA2, and RPA3). Genomics 17 8020972
2022 Long non-coding RNA PCAT19 safeguards DNA in quiescent endothelial cells by preventing uncontrolled phosphorylation of RPA2. Cell reports 16 36384122
2019 HERC2 regulates RPA2 by mediating ATR-induced Ser33 phosphorylation and ubiquitin-dependent degradation. Scientific reports 16 31582797
2015 Extensive RPA2 hyperphosphorylation promotes apoptosis in response to DNA replication stress in CHK1 inhibited cells. Nucleic acids research 16 26271993
2021 RPA2 winged-helix domain facilitates UNG-mediated removal of uracil from ssDNA; implications for repair of mutagenic uracil at the replication fork. Nucleic acids research 15 33784377
2024 Heterozygous RPA2 variant as a novel genetic cause of telomere biology disorders. Genes & development 10 39231615
2020 2-hexyl-4-pentynoic acid, a potential therapeutic for breast carcinoma by influencing RPA2 hyperphosphorylation-mediated DNA repair. DNA repair 9 32795962
2004 Functional characterization of replication protein A2 (RPA2) from Cryptosporidium parvum. Microbiology (Reading, England) 9 15133081
1993 Drosophila acidic ribosomal protein rpA2: sequence and characterization. Journal of cellular biochemistry 9 8501137
2012 The trypanosomatid-specific N terminus of RPA2 is required for RNA polymerase I assembly, localization, and function. Eukaryotic cell 8 22389385
2025 Phospho-RPA2 predicts response to platinum and PARP inhibitors in homologous recombination-proficient ovarian cancer. The Journal of clinical investigation 7 40392598
2020 Replication Protein A (RPA1, RPA2 and RPA3) expression in gastric cancer: correlation with clinicopathologic parameters and patients' survival. Journal of B.U.ON. : official journal of the Balkan Union of Oncology 7 32862594
2024 AXL inhibition prevents RPA2/CHK1-mediated homologous recombination to increase PARP inhibitor sensitivity in hepatocellular carcinoma. Heliyon 5 39281567
2023 Upregulated RPA2 in endometrial tissues of repeated implantation failure patients impairs the endometrial decidualization. Journal of assisted reproduction and genetics 5 37831348
2025 TTK activates ATR through RPA2 phosphorylation to promote olaparib resistance in ovarian cancer. Communications biology 4 40617868
2023 Germline landscape of RPA1, RPA2 and RPA3 variants in pediatric malignancies: identification of RPA1 as a novel cancer predisposition candidate gene. Frontiers in oncology 4 37869077
1998 RPA2, a gene for the 32 kDa subunit of replication protein A on chromosome 1p35-36, is not mutated in patients with familial melanoma linked to chromosome 1p36. Melanoma research 3 9508376
2023 Investigating the novel-binding site of RPA2 on Menin and predicting the effect of point mutation of Menin through protein-protein interactions. Scientific reports 2 37291166
2026 A homozygote mutation in RPA2 associated with bone marrow failure, immunodeficiency, and telomere biology disorder. European journal of human genetics : EJHG 1 41703052
2025 Phospho-TRIM21 orchestrates RPA2 ubiquitination switch to promote homologous recombination and tumor radio/chemo-resistance. Oncogene 1 39900724
2024 O-GlcNAcylation of RPA2 at S4/S8 antagonizes phosphorylation and regulates checkpoint activation during replication stress. The Journal of biological chemistry 1 39491647
2014 Phosphorylation and cellular function of the human Rpa2 N-terminus in the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Experimental cell research 1 25499885
2026 A circulating microRNA-based diagnostic model for breast cancer, in which the miR-139-3p/RPA2 axis regulates the sensitivity to DNA-damaging agents. Translational cancer research 0 41674957
2025 CSDE1 enhances genotoxic drug resistance in cancer by modulating RPA2 through CSDE1-eIF3a regulatory complex. Drug resistance updates : reviews and commentaries in antimicrobial and anticancer chemotherapy 0 40398074

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