Affinage

POLR2H

DNA-directed RNA polymerases I, II, and III subunit RPABC3 · UniProt P52434

Round 2 corrected
Length
150 aa
Mass
17.1 kDa
Annotated
2026-04-28
78 papers in source corpus 13 papers cited in narrative 13 extracted findings

Mechanistic narrative

Synthesis pass · prose summary of the discoveries below

POLR2H (RPB8/RPABC3) is an essential, evolutionarily conserved OB-fold subunit shared by all three eukaryotic nuclear RNA polymerases (I, II, and III), where it serves structural and assembly roles rather than catalytic functions (PMID:2186966, PMID:22149079). Its eight-stranded beta-barrel contacts the pore-1 module of the largest polymerase subunits via an invariant GGLLM motif, binds single-stranded DNA nonspecifically, and participates in a sequential cytoplasmic assembly pathway stabilized by HSP90/R2TP before nuclear import (PMID:16632472, PMID:11486042, PMID:20864038). POLR2H undergoes BRCA1-BARD1-dependent polyubiquitination after DNA damage, and loss of this modification causes UV hypersensitivity and elevated apoptosis, establishing a direct role in the DNA damage survival response (PMID:17283126). Nuclear interaction with glutaminase 1 (GLS1) modulates RNA pol II complex activity and lipid metabolism in hepatocytes (PMID:40936098).

Mechanistic history

Synthesis pass · year-by-year structured walk · 10 steps
  1. 1990 High

    Identification of RPB8 as a single-copy essential gene encoding a subunit shared by RNA polymerases I, II, and III established it as a core structural component rather than a polymerase-specific factor.

    Evidence Gene cloning, immunoprecipitation, and tetrad analysis in S. cerevisiae

    PMID:2186966

    Open questions at the time
    • No structural information on how RPB8 integrates into each polymerase
    • Biochemical function beyond structural requirement unknown
  2. 1995 High

    Cross-species complementation of a yeast rpb8 null by human POLR2H demonstrated deep functional conservation and placed RPB8 in a genetic interaction network with RPB6 and the largest Pol II subunit.

    Evidence Heterologous complementation and dosage suppression in S. cerevisiae

    PMID:7651387

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct physical contacts within the polymerase not yet mapped
    • Molecular basis of RPB6-RPB8 genetic interaction unresolved
  3. 1998 High

    Determination of the RPB8 OB-fold structure and identification of its direct contacts with RPB6 and RPB3 provided the first molecular framework for how this shared subunit is positioned within the polymerase.

    Evidence NMR solution structure of yeast RPB8; far-Western and chemical cross-linking in S. pombe Pol II

    PMID:9461075 PMID:9642054

    Open questions at the time
    • No high-resolution structure of RPB8 within the intact polymerase
    • ssDNA-binding capacity of the OB fold not yet tested
  4. 2000 High

    Crystal structure of the 10-subunit RNA Pol II complex positioned RPB8 in the overall enzyme architecture, while reconstitution experiments defined a sequential assembly pathway in which RPB8 bridges RPB3-RPB11 and RPB1 interactions.

    Evidence X-ray crystallography at 3 Å (S. cerevisiae Pol II); baculovirus reconstitution and pairwise pulldowns (S. pombe subunits)

    PMID:10648788 PMID:10784442

    Open questions at the time
    • The polymerase III-specific assembly role of RPB8 only partially addressed
    • Human RPB8 structure not yet solved
  5. 2001 High

    Mutagenesis of the invariant GGLLM motif pinpointed the molecular interface through which RPB8 contacts the pore-1 module of the largest subunits of all three polymerases, explaining its shared-subunit status at the residue level.

    Evidence Yeast two-hybrid with site-directed mutagenesis and genetic suppression

    PMID:11486042

    Open questions at the time
    • Functional consequence of disrupting GGLLM on transcription activity not directly measured
    • Interaction with orphan gene YGR089w not further characterized
  6. 2006 High

    The human RPB8 NMR structure confirmed OB-fold conservation and revealed nonspecific ssDNA binding with millisecond-timescale dynamics, suggesting a potential role in engaging the DNA template or transcript within the polymerase pore.

    Evidence NMR structure, ssDNA binding assays, and chemical shift titration of human POLR2H

    PMID:16632472

    Open questions at the time
    • Physiological relevance of ssDNA binding within the polymerase context not demonstrated
    • Whether ssDNA binding is required for transcription in vivo unknown
  7. 2007 High

    Discovery that BRCA1-BARD1 polyubiquitinates RPB8 after DNA damage, and that loss of this modification causes UV hypersensitivity, revealed a non-transcriptional role for RPB8 in the DNA damage response.

    Evidence Co-IP, in vitro ubiquitination, 5K→R mutagenesis, UV survival and caspase assays in HeLa cells

    PMID:17283126

    Open questions at the time
    • Ubiquitin chain topology (K48 vs K63) not determined
    • Downstream effector of ubiquitinated RPB8 in DNA damage signaling unknown
    • Relationship to transcription-coupled repair not clarified
  8. 2010 High

    Identification of POLR2H in a cytoplasmic HSP90/R2TP-stabilized Pol II assembly intermediate established that full polymerase assembly occurs in the cytoplasm before nuclear import, with RPB8 as part of this early complex.

    Evidence Quantitative MS proteomics, cytoplasmic fractionation, HSP90 inhibitor treatment

    PMID:20864038

    Open questions at the time
    • Order of RPB8 incorporation relative to other subunits in the human system not precisely resolved
    • Whether RPB8 is a direct HSP90 client or only co-assembles with RPB1 unclear
  9. 2012 High

    HaloTag pulldown of human POLR2H confirmed co-purification of all three nuclear RNA polymerases from human cells, definitively validating the shared-subunit model in the human system.

    Evidence HaloTag affinity purification with label-free quantitative proteomics

    PMID:22149079

    Open questions at the time
    • Stoichiometry of POLR2H across the three polymerase pools not quantified
    • Regulatory mechanisms governing POLR2H distribution among polymerases unknown
  10. 2025 Medium

    Identification of GLS1 as a nuclear interactor of POLR2H that modulates RNA Pol II activity and lipid metabolism expanded RPB8 function beyond core polymerase structure into metabolic gene regulation.

    Evidence Co-IP, in vivo hepatic overexpression/knockdown, truncation mutagenesis in mouse alcoholic steatosis model

    PMID:40936098

    Open questions at the time
    • Single-lab study; independent replication needed
    • Mechanism by which GLS1-POLR2H interaction alters Pol II activity not defined
    • Whether the GLS1-POLR2H axis operates outside hepatocytes unknown

Open questions

Synthesis pass · forward-looking unresolved questions
  • Key unresolved questions include the physiological relevance of RPB8's ssDNA-binding activity within the transcribing polymerase, the ubiquitin chain topology and downstream signaling of BRCA1-ubiquitinated RPB8, and the mechanisms governing RPB8 allocation among the three nuclear RNA polymerases.
  • No structure of human POLR2H within an intact polymerase complex at atomic resolution
  • Functional significance of ssDNA binding in vivo untested
  • Ubiquitin chain linkage type and downstream effectors of modified RPB8 remain undefined

Mechanism profile

Synthesis pass · controlled-vocabulary classification · explore literature graph →
Molecular activity
GO:0005198 structural molecule activity 4 GO:0003677 DNA binding 1
Localization
GO:0005634 nucleus 3 GO:0005829 cytosol 1
Pathway
R-HSA-74160 Gene expression (Transcription) 4 R-HSA-392499 Metabolism of proteins 2 R-HSA-73894 DNA Repair 1
Partners
BARD1BRCA1GLSPOLR2APOLR2BPOLR2CPOLR2FRPAP3
Complex memberships
RNA polymerase IRNA polymerase IIRNA polymerase III

Evidence

Reading pass · 13 per-paper findings extracted from the source corpus
Year Finding Method Journal Conf PMIDs
1990 RPB8 (the yeast ortholog of POLR2H) is a subunit shared identically by RNA polymerases I, II, and III in S. cerevisiae. The gene is single copy, resides on a different chromosome from RPB5 and RPB6, and is essential for viability. Immunoprecipitation of RPB6 co-precipitates proteins consistent with all three RNA polymerase classes, and sequence analysis indicates no recognizable DNA- or NTP-binding motifs, suggesting the common subunits serve structural/assembly or regulatory roles rather than catalytic ones. Gene cloning, sequencing, immunoprecipitation, tetrad analysis (essential viability) Genes & development High 2186966
1995 Human POLR2H (hRPB17/Hs8) can functionally complement the S. cerevisiae rpb8-Δ null mutant, demonstrating cross-species functional conservation of this shared subunit. Additionally, human hRPB6 is a dosage-dependent suppressor of an RNA polymerase II largest-subunit mutation (rpo21-4), placing POLR2H and RPB6 in a genetic interaction network within the polymerase. Heterologous complementation in yeast (functional genetics), dosage suppression assay Molecular and cellular biology High 7651387
1998 The solution structure of yeast RPB8 (ortholog of POLR2H) was determined by NMR, revealing an eight-stranded antiparallel beta-barrel with Greek-key topology and a large unstructured omega-loop, classifying it as a novel member of the OB (oligonucleotide/oligosaccharide-binding) protein fold family. NMR solution structure determination Nature structural biology High 9461075
1998 In S. pombe RNA polymerase II, far-Western blot and chemical cross-linking analyses showed that RPB8 contacts RPB6 within the assembled polymerase. Rpb6-Rpb8 cross-linking was detected, and Rpb3-Rpb8 bimolecular interaction was enhanced by Rpb11, establishing a subunit-contact network in which RPB8 occupies a position bridging small subunit interactions. Far-Western blot, bifunctional chemical cross-linking Journal of molecular biology Medium 9642054
1999 Using S. pombe rpb8 as a naturally diverged molecule in heterologous expression in S. cerevisiae, sequence divergence in the 67 N-terminal residues of RPB8 was shown to selectively impair RNA polymerase III assembly without affecting RNA polymerase I or II. Overexpression of the RNA pol III largest subunit C160 suppressed this defect, revealing a specific genetic and functional interaction between RPB8 and the C160 subunit of RNA pol III. Heterologous expression, genetic suppression, biochemical assembly assays Nucleic acids research Medium 9927738
2000 In baculovirus-co-infected insect cells expressing 11 S. pombe RNA pol II subunits simultaneously, affinity purification revealed that RPB8 assembles into a 7-subunit complex together with Rpb1, Rpb2, Rpb3, Rpb5, Rpb7, and Rpb11. Pairwise coexpression experiments showed that Rpb11 enhances Rpb3-Rpb8 interaction and Rpb8 in turn enhances Rpb1-Rpb3 interaction, placing RPB8 in a sequential assembly pathway. Baculovirus co-expression, GST and His-tag affinity chromatography, pairwise interaction mapping Nucleic acids research High 10648788
2001 Two-hybrid analysis of yeast Rpb8p identified interactions with conserved fragments of the pore-1 module of the largest subunits of RNA polymerases I (Rpa190p), II (Rpb1p), and III (Rpc160p). Mutations at the invariant GGLLM motif of Rpb8p and at the conserved P.I.KP.LW.GKQ motif in the largest subunit disrupted these interactions. Genetic suppression showed that Rpb6p and Rpb8p functionally interact in vivo, and two-hybrid analysis linked Rpb8p to the orphan gene product YGR089w. Yeast two-hybrid, site-directed mutagenesis, genetic suppression analysis Molecular and cellular biology High 11486042
2000 Crystal structure of a 10-subunit yeast RNA polymerase II at 3 Å resolution positioned RPB8 within the overall architecture of the enzyme; the structure showed that 9 of 10 subunits (including Rpb8) are conserved among eukaryotic RNA polymerases I, II, and III, consistent with its role as a shared subunit. X-ray crystallography Science High 10784442
2006 The three-dimensional solution structure of human RPB8 (POLR2H) was determined by NMR at high resolution. The structure comprises an eight-stranded beta-barrel with six short helices and an unstructured omega-loop, belonging to the OB fold family. Biochemical assays demonstrated that hRPB8 binds single-stranded DNA nonspecifically, and NMR titration identified the residues involved; conformational flexibility on the millisecond timescale was detected upon ssDNA binding. The positively charged interface responsible for RPB1 binding was mapped and found to be more clustered than in the yeast ortholog. NMR structure determination, ssDNA binding assays, NMR chemical shift titration, relaxation dynamics measurements The Journal of biological chemistry High 16632472
2007 BRCA1-BARD1 E3 ubiquitin ligase mediates polyubiquitination of RPB8 (POLR2H) in response to DNA damage (UV irradiation and epirubicin treatment). RPB8 co-immunoprecipitated with BRCA1-BARD1, and in vitro ubiquitination assays confirmed BRCA1-BARD1 as the E3 ligase. Polyubiquitination increased the soluble pool of RPB8 without destabilizing it. Substitution of five lysine residues abolished ubiquitination; HeLa cells stably expressing this ubiquitin-resistant RPB8 showed UV hypersensitivity and elevated caspase activity, demonstrating that BRCA1-dependent ubiquitination of RPB8 is required for cell survival after DNA damage. Co-immunoprecipitation, in vitro ubiquitination assay, site-directed mutagenesis (5K→R), stable cell line generation, UV survival assay, caspase activity measurement, RNAi knockdown, proteomics screen Cancer research High 17283126
2010 HSP90 and its R2TP/Prefoldin-like cochaperone (including hSpagh/RPAP3) associate with a cytoplasmic assembly intermediate of RNA polymerase II containing subunits RPB1 and RPB8 (POLR2H). HSP90 activity stabilizes incompletely assembled RPB1 in the cytoplasm. Nuclear import of RPB1 requires the presence of all subunits, indicating that RNA pol II is assembled in the cytoplasm before nuclear import, and POLR2H participates in this early cytoplasmic assembly intermediate. MS-based quantitative proteomics, cytoplasmic fractionation, HSP90 inhibitor treatment, nuclear import assays Molecular cell High 20864038
2012 POLR2H fused to HaloTag was used to simultaneously affinity-purify RNA polymerases I, II, and III from human cells. Quantitative proteomics confirmed that POLR2H co-purifies all RNAP core subunits, validating its role as a bona fide shared subunit of all three human nuclear RNA polymerases. Three previously uncharacterized RNAP interactors were also identified and validated by cellular imaging. HaloTag affinity purification, label-free quantitative proteomics, cellular imaging Journal of proteome research High 22149079
2025 Glutaminase 1 (GLS1) acts as a chaperone in the nucleus that physically interacts with POLR2H (and POLR2E) to modulate the RNA polymerase II complex. Overexpression of POLR2H (but not truncated variants) abolished the protective effects of GLS1 against alcohol-induced hepatic steatosis in vivo, indicating that POLR2H is functionally required for GLS1-mediated regulation of the RNA pol II complex and lipid metabolism. Co-immunoprecipitation, in vivo hepatic overexpression/knockdown, truncation mutagenesis, mouse model of alcoholic fatty liver disease Advanced science Medium 40936098

Source papers

Stage 0 corpus · 78 papers · ranked by NIH iCite citations
Year Title Journal Citations PMID
2002 Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 1479 12477932
1998 A novel CDK9-associated C-type cyclin interacts directly with HIV-1 Tat and mediates its high-affinity, loop-specific binding to TAR RNA. Cell 1086 9491887
2017 Architecture of the human interactome defines protein communities and disease networks. Nature 1085 28514442
2015 A human interactome in three quantitative dimensions organized by stoichiometries and abundances. Cell 1015 26496610
2005 Nucleolar proteome dynamics. Nature 934 15635413
1997 Purification and cDNA cloning of the AdoMet-binding subunit of the human mRNA (N6-adenosine)-methyltransferase. RNA (New York, N.Y.) 869 9409616
1996 The general transcription factors of RNA polymerase II. Genes & development 849 8946909
2004 A physical and functional map of the human TNF-alpha/NF-kappa B signal transduction pathway. Nature cell biology 841 14743216
2002 Directed proteomic analysis of the human nucleolus. Current biology : CB 780 11790298
2007 Large-scale mapping of human protein-protein interactions by mass spectrometry. Molecular systems biology 733 17353931
2002 Comprehensive proteomic analysis of the human spliceosome. Nature 725 12226669
2021 Dual proteome-scale networks reveal cell-specific remodeling of the human interactome. Cell 705 33961781
2012 A census of human soluble protein complexes. Cell 689 22939629
2011 Phylogenetic-based propagation of functional annotations within the Gene Ontology consortium. Briefings in bioinformatics 656 21873635
2008 Genome-scale RNAi screen for host factors required for HIV replication. Cell host & microbe 627 18976975
2000 Architecture of RNA polymerase II and implications for the transcription mechanism. Science (New York, N.Y.) 452 10784442
2005 Integrator, a multiprotein mediator of small nuclear RNA processing, associates with the C-terminal repeat of RNA polymerase II. Cell 443 16239144
2011 HIV latency. Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in medicine 439 22229121
2004 The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome research 438 15489334
2022 OpenCell: Endogenous tagging for the cartography of human cellular organization. Science (New York, N.Y.) 432 35271311
2015 Panorama of ancient metazoan macromolecular complexes. Nature 407 26344197
2011 System-wide temporal characterization of the proteome and phosphoproteome of human embryonic stem cell differentiation. Science signaling 382 21406692
2015 Proteome-wide profiling of protein assemblies by cross-linking mass spectrometry. Nature methods 370 26414014
2007 Systematic analysis of the protein interaction network for the human transcription machinery reveals the identity of the 7SK capping enzyme. Molecular cell 367 17643375
1999 HIV-1 tat transcriptional activity is regulated by acetylation. The EMBO journal 361 10545121
2010 HIV-1 Tat and host AFF4 recruit two transcription elongation factors into a bifunctional complex for coordinated activation of HIV-1 transcription. Molecular cell 336 20471948
2012 HIV-1 reverse transcription. Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in medicine 315 23028129
1995 Lentivirus Tat proteins specifically associate with a cellular protein kinase, TAK, that hyperphosphorylates the carboxyl-terminal domain of the large subunit of RNA polymerase II: candidate for a Tat cofactor. Journal of virology 311 7853496
2009 The human CDK8 subcomplex is a molecular switch that controls Mediator coactivator function. Genes & development 285 19240132
2011 Human mediator subunit MED26 functions as a docking site for transcription elongation factors. Cell 281 21729782
2010 HSP90 and its R2TP/Prefoldin-like cochaperone are involved in the cytoplasmic assembly of RNA polymerase II. Molecular cell 235 20864038
1996 In vivo degradation of RNA polymerase II largest subunit triggered by alpha-amanitin. Nucleic acids research 223 8760875
1990 Subunits shared by eukaryotic nuclear RNA polymerases. Genes & development 164 2186966
1995 Four subunits that are shared by the three classes of RNA polymerase are functionally interchangeable between Homo sapiens and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Molecular and cellular biology 107 7651387
2009 Evolution of complex RNA polymerases: the complete archaeal RNA polymerase structure. PLoS biology 94 19419240
2005 RNA emerging from the active site of RNA polymerase II interacts with the Rpb7 subunit. Nature structural & molecular biology 85 16327806
2008 Early evolution of eukaryotic DNA-dependent RNA polymerases. Trends in genetics : TIG 49 18384908
1990 RNA polymerase II subunit RPB10 is essential for yeast cell viability. The Journal of biological chemistry 46 2211663
2020 Comparative Study of Organoids from Patient-Derived Normal and Tumor Colon and Rectal Tissue. Cancers 37 32824266
2018 Identification of the key genes and pathways in prostate cancer. Oncology letters 36 30405806
2007 BRCA1 ubiquitinates RPB8 in response to DNA damage. Cancer research 36 17283126
2007 Diversification of function by different isoforms of conventionally shared RNA polymerase subunits. Molecular biology of the cell 34 17267688
2007 Orthologs of the small RPB8 subunit of the eukaryotic RNA polymerases are conserved in hyperthermophilic Crenarchaeota and "Korarchaeota". Biology direct 34 18081935
2006 Purification of an eight subunit RNA polymerase I complex in Trypanosoma brucei. Molecular and biochemical parasitology 33 16730080
2007 Structure of an archaeal RNA polymerase. Journal of molecular biology 31 18164030
2006 Characterization of the RNA polymerase II and III complexes in Leishmania major. International journal for parasitology 31 17275824
2006 Characterization of RNA polymerase II subunits of Trypanosoma brucei. Molecular and biochemical parasitology 29 16621069
2001 Partners of Rpb8p, a small subunit shared by yeast RNA polymerases I, II and III. Molecular and cellular biology 29 11486042
1998 Two large subunits of the fission yeast RNA polymerase II provide platforms for the assembly of small subunits. Journal of molecular biology 29 9642054
2012 Structural and functional analyses of the interaction of archaeal RNA polymerase with DNA. Nucleic acids research 28 22848102
2001 Intracellular contents and assembly states of all 12 subunits of the RNA polymerase II in the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe. European journal of biochemistry 27 11168400
1996 Molecular assembly of RNA polymerase II from the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe: subunit-subunit contact network involving Rpb5. Genes to cells : devoted to molecular & cellular mechanisms 25 9077438
1998 Eukaryotic RNA polymerase subunit RPB8 is a new relative of the OB family. Nature structural biology 24 9461075
1997 Gene organization and protein sequence of the small subunits of Schizosaccharomyces pombe RNA polymerase II. Gene 24 9322754
2000 Functional conservation of RNA polymerase II in fission and budding yeasts. Journal of molecular biology 23 10653691
2012 Examining the complexity of human RNA polymerase complexes using HaloTag technology coupled to label free quantitative proteomics. Journal of proteome research 22 22149079
2000 Involvement of multiple subunit-subunit contacts in the assembly of RNA polymerase II. Nucleic acids research 20 10648788
1999 Sequence divergence of the RNA polymerase shared subunit ABC14.5 (Rpb8) selectively affects RNA polymerase III assembly in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Nucleic acids research 19 9927738
2000 Isolation and characterization of monoclonal antibodies directed against subunits of human RNA polymerases I, II, and III. Experimental cell research 18 10623476
2024 Transcriptome and proteomic analysis of mpox virus F3L-expressing cells. Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology 13 38415010
2023 miR-624 accelerates the growth of liver cancer cells by inhibiting EMC3. Non-coding RNA research 12 37810370
2006 Structural, biochemical, and dynamic characterizations of the hRPB8 subunit of human RNA polymerases. The Journal of biological chemistry 12 16632472
2021 Identification of novel candidate genes for age at first calving in Nellore cows using a SNP chip specifically developed for Bos taurus indicus cattle. Theriogenology 11 34392169
2002 Level of the RNA polymerase II in the fission yeast stays constant but phosphorylation of its carboxyl terminal domain varies depending on the phase and rate of cell growth. Genes to cells : devoted to molecular & cellular mechanisms 11 11918671
2001 Transcription organization and mRNA levels of the genes for all 12 subunits of the fission yeast RNA polymerase II. Genes to cells : devoted to molecular & cellular mechanisms 11 11168594
2022 Evaluation of autoantibody signatures in pituitary adenoma patients using human proteome arrays. Proteomics. Clinical applications 8 35939377
1996 Sequence and analysis of a 33 kb fragment from the right arm of chromosome XV of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Yeast (Chichester, England) 6 8840505
2023 Identification of novel N7-methylguanine-related gene signatures associated with ulcerative colitis and the association with biological therapy. Inflammation research : official journal of the European Histamine Research Society ... [et al.] 5 37889323
2019 Molecular characterization of a RNA polymerase (RNAP) II (DNA directed) polypeptide H (POLR2H) in Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) and its role in response to high-pH stress. Fish & shellfish immunology 5 31830564
1999 DNA sequencing and analysis of a 67.4 kb region from the right arm of Schizosaccharomyces pombe chromosome II reveals 28 open reading frames including the genes his5, pol5, ppa2, rip1, rpb8 and skb1. Yeast (Chichester, England) 5 10407269
1998 [Structural-functional characteristics of the Schizosaccharomyces pombe rpb8+ gene, coding the subunit of RNA polymerase I-III, specific only for eukaryotes]. Bioorganicheskaia khimiia 4 10335407
2012 Molecular characterization of a gene POLR2H encoded an essential subunit for RNA polymerase II from the Giant Panda (Ailuropoda Melanoleuca). Molecular biology reports 3 23070920
2024 Exploration of common pathogenesis and candidate hub genes between HIV and monkeypox co-infection using bioinformatics and machine learning. Scientific reports 2 39496786
2004 Heterologous overexpression and purification of four common subunits of nuclear RNA polymerases I, II and III of Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Journal of chromatography. B, Analytical technologies in the biomedical and life sciences 2 14698245
2025 GLS1-RNA Polymerase II Axis Mediates Glutamine-Dependent Hepatoprotective Effects on Alcoholic Liver Disease in High-Protein Diets. Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) 1 40936098
2026 De Novo 3q27.1 Microdeletion Refines the Critical Region and Implicates PSMD2 Haploinsufficiency in Growth and Neurodevelopmental Abnormalities. American journal of medical genetics. Part A 0 41804662
2024 Transcriptional genes of lysosome-associated membrane protein 2A in sciatic nerve injuries by bioinformatics. Neuroreport 0 38935077
1999 [Molecular evolution and structure of eukaryotic nuclear RNA polymerase subunits in light of the exon-intron organization of their genes]. Bioorganicheskaia khimiia 0 10645488