Affinage

POLR2A

DNA-directed RNA polymerase II subunit RPB1 · UniProt P24928

Length
1970 aa
Mass
217.2 kDa
Annotated
2026-06-10
78 papers in source corpus 35 papers cited in narrative 44 extracted findings
Cross-family judge vs UniProt: Affinage preferred faithfulness: 8/8 claims corpus-supported (100%)

Mechanistic narrative

Synthesis pass · prose summary of the discoveries below

POLR2A/RPB1 is the catalytic largest subunit of RNA polymerase II, providing the active-site residues that maintain transcriptional register during RNA synthesis and whose function is conserved deeply enough that mouse RPB1 substitutes for yeast Rpb1 in vivo (PMID:23223234, PMID:9524248). Active-site mutations in the lid, rudder, and catalytic center alter intrinsic polymerization rates and TFIIS interaction, and mutations across the catalytic center elevate transcriptional slippage on homopolymeric runs (PMID:23223234, PMID:16510790). RPB1 activity is orchestrated through stage-specific phosphorylation of its C-terminal domain (CTD) heptad repeats, in which Ser5-P and Ser2-P are the dominant marks deposited and removed by dedicated kinases and phosphatases to form a sparse 'CTD code' (PMID:26799764): TFIIH/Kin28(CDK7) establishes Ser5-P and Ser7-P, with Ser7-P priming subsequent events, while CDK9/Bur1 and CDK11 phosphorylate the Rpb1 linker and Spt5, and CDK12 orthologues deposit Ser2-P (PMID:19679665, PMID:31085683, PMID:22508988). These marks recruit and hand off effectors—capping enzyme via Ser5-P, the Set2 SRI domain via doubly Ser2+Ser5-phosphorylated CTD to direct H3K36 methylation, the Spt6 tandem-SH2 domain to the phosphorylated linker, and termination factors Sen1/Rtt103 via Ser2-P (PMID:26799764, PMID:16314571, PMID:22286094, PMID:26275777, PMID:34967414). The CTD remains functional when relocated to neighboring Pol II subunits (Rpb4, Rpb6) but not to distant ones, indicating spatial rather than strict physical linkage to the core is required (PMID:24035501). In response to UV and transcription-blocking lesions, RPB1 is ubiquitylated by multiple Cullin-RING E3 complexes—Elongin A–BC–Cul5/Rbx2 recognizing Ser5-P RPB1, ARMC5–CUL3–RBX1, and CRL4CSA targeting K1268 within the Pol II–TC-NER complex—and degraded by the 26S proteasome in a process facilitated by Rpb9 and controlled in trans by NER completion (PMID:19037258, PMID:17452455, PMID:35687106); this degradation is opposed by the deubiquitinase USP10 (PMID:40605431) and is hijacked by viral proteins (alphavirus nsP2, OROV NSs) to suppress host transcription (PMID:22514352, PMID:40928251). RPB1 is additionally sumoylated at K1487 by Ubc9/Siz1 to restrain DNA-damage checkpoint signaling (PMID:19384408). De novo heterozygous POLR2A missense variants cause a neurodevelopmental syndrome through a dominant-negative mechanism that yields malfunctioning Pol II, whereas haploinsufficiency produces milder effects (PMID:31353023), and recurrent somatic POLR2A mutations define a meningioma subgroup with dysregulated meningeal identity genes (PMID:27548314).

Mechanistic history

Synthesis pass · year-by-year structured walk · 26 steps
  1. 1998 Medium

    Establishing that the mammalian and yeast catalytic subunit are functionally interchangeable validated yeast as a faithful model for human RPB1 mechanism and confirmed deep conservation.

    Evidence Homologous-recombination gene replacement and haploid viability assay with full-length mouse RPB1 in S. cerevisiae

    PMID:9524248

    Open questions at the time
    • Does not address conservation of CTD-dependent regulatory functions
    • No quantitative comparison of transcriptional output
  2. 1998 Medium

    Mapping inter-subunit contacts addressed how RPB1 is held within the Pol II assembly, defining the region H interaction with Rpb5.

    Evidence Yeast two-hybrid mapping with Rpb1 and Rpb2 fragment libraries

    PMID:9738888

    Open questions at the time
    • Single two-hybrid method without structural confirmation
    • Does not establish functional consequence of contacts
  3. 2006 High

    Pinpointing active-site residues whose mutation alters intrinsic polymerization rate and TFIIS interaction established that RPB1 catalytic geometry directly governs elongation behavior.

    Evidence 6-AU sensitivity screen, in vitro transcription elongation assay on purified Pol II mutants, genetic epistasis

    PMID:16510790

    Open questions at the time
    • Catalytic mechanism inferred from rate effects, not atomic structure
    • Single-lab genetic interaction set
  4. 2005 High

    Structurally defining how the Set2 SRI domain reads doubly Ser2+Ser5-phosphorylated CTD answered how a specific histone-modifying enzyme is recruited by the CTD code.

    Evidence NMR structure, NMR titration, SPR binding, point mutagenesis of SRI domain

    PMID:16314571

    Open questions at the time
    • Binding measured on peptides, not full elongation complex
    • Does not establish in vivo kinetics of recruitment
  5. 2007 High

    Identifying the Rpb9 Zn2 domain as required for damage-induced Rpb1 degradation but dispensable for elongation separated the polymerase's catalytic role from its turnover.

    Evidence UV irradiation, Rpb9 domain-deletion mutants, Co-IP, proteasome inhibitor

    PMID:17452455

    Open questions at the time
    • Mechanism by which Rpb9 promotes ubiquitylation unresolved
    • Single-organism (yeast) study
  6. 2008 High

    Reconstituting the Elongin A–BC–Cul5/Rbx2 ligase that recognizes Ser5-P RPB1 identified a defined E3 machinery for UV-induced RPB1 destruction.

    Evidence In vitro ubiquitylation with reconstituted complex, Elongin A KD/rescue, Co-IP

    PMID:19037258

    Open questions at the time
    • Ubiquitin chain linkage type not characterized
    • Redundancy with other ligases not resolved at this stage
  7. 2009 High

    Demonstrating Ser7 phosphorylation in vivo by TFIIH and distinguishing it from Ser5 expanded the CTD code beyond Ser2/Ser5.

    Evidence ChIP, in vitro kinase assay, Rtr1 phosphatase deletion

    PMID:19679665

    Open questions at the time
    • Functional readers of Ser7-P not identified here
    • Yeast-specific phosphatase logic
  8. 2009 Medium

    Identifying K1487 sumoylation by Ubc9/Siz1 that restrains the DNA-damage checkpoint defined a SUMO-based brake on checkpoint signaling at transcription-blocking lesions.

    Evidence UV irradiation, SUMO pathway mutants, K1487 site-directed mutagenesis, Rad53 phosphorylation assay

    PMID:19384408

    Open questions at the time
    • SUMO readers downstream of K1487 unknown
    • Single-lab yeast study
  9. 2012 Medium

    Defining Sen1 binding to Ser2-P CTD and a Ser5-to-Ser2 handoff model addressed how the CTD code temporally directs termination of noncoding transcription.

    Evidence Two-hybrid, Co-IP, ChIP with sen1-R302W mutant

    PMID:22286094

    Open questions at the time
    • Handoff model not directly visualized
    • Single-lab correlative occupancy data
  10. 2012 High

    Showing that Cdk9 prefers Ser7-primed CTD and requires a C-terminal extension for capping-enzyme/Spt5 engagement clarified the sequential, substrate-primed logic of CTD phosphorylation.

    Evidence In vitro kinase assay on CTD peptides, Cdk9 domain mutants, ChIP, genetic suppression

    PMID:22508988

    Open questions at the time
    • Does not establish in vivo order quantitatively across genes
    • Fission-yeast specific
  11. 2012 High

    Demonstrating that alphavirus nsP2 triggers RPB1 ubiquitination/degradation independently of its protease showed pathogens exploit RPB1 turnover to shut down host transcription.

    Evidence Viral infection, nsP2 domain point mutants, proteasome inhibitor, ubiquitination Western blot

    PMID:22514352

    Open questions at the time
    • Host E3 ligase recruited by nsP2 not identified
    • Direct nsP2–RPB1 interaction not mapped
  12. 2013 High

    Showing the CTD remains functional when fused to neighboring subunits but not distant ones established that spatial proximity, not covalent linkage to the catalytic subunit, is what the CTD requires.

    Evidence CTD domain-transfer complementation, in vivo phosphorylation, factor-recruitment ChIP

    PMID:24035501

    Open questions at the time
    • Does not explain why Pol I/III cannot adopt CTD function
    • Geometric constraints quantified only by subunit choice
  13. 2013 High

    Confirming that catalytic-center mutations elevate transcriptional slippage established RPB1 active-site residues as direct determinants of register maintenance.

    Evidence Genetic slippage screen plus in vitro slippage assay on purified mutant Pol II

    PMID:23223234

    Open questions at the time
    • Structural basis of register slippage not resolved
    • Yeast-only system
  14. 2015 Medium

    Linking Ser2/Ser5 CTD marks to opposing effects on H3K36 versus H3K4 methylation connected the CTD code to combinatorial chromatin modification during elongation.

    Evidence Rpb1 and Spt5 CTD phosphosite mutagenesis, histone modification analysis, kinase inactivation

    PMID:26275777

    Open questions at the time
    • Mechanism of negative H3K4 regulation unclear
    • Single-lab fission-yeast study
  15. 2016 High

    Quantitative msCTD mass spectrometry established that Ser5-P and Ser2-P dominate and partition with specific effectors, providing direct evidence for a sparse rather than combinatorially dense CTD code.

    Evidence Engineered CTD mass spectrometry, affinity purification with capping enzyme and Rtt103, kinase/phosphatase mutants

    PMID:26799764

    Open questions at the time
    • Spatial distribution along genes not resolved
    • Low-abundance marks may have undetected roles
  16. 2016 Medium

    Recurrent somatic POLR2A missense mutations defining a meningioma subgroup implicated RPB1 dysfunction in tumor identity-gene dysregulation.

    Evidence NGS of 775 meningiomas plus transcriptional profiling of mutant tumors

    PMID:27548314

    Open questions at the time
    • No in vitro reconstitution of mutant enzyme activity
    • Mechanistic link to WNT6/ZIC1 dysregulation is correlative
  17. 2016 Medium

    Demonstrating that triptolide drives CDK7-dependent RPB1 phosphorylation (Ser1878) and degradation defined a pharmacological route to RPB1 destabilization.

    Evidence CDK7 inhibitor, phospho-specific antibodies for CDK7 Thr170 and RPB1 Ser1878, siRNA

    PMID:27197304

    Open questions at the time
    • Ser1878 site validated without mutagenesis
    • E3 ligase mediating degradation not identified
  18. 2018 High

    Live-cell FRAP of endogenous GFP-RPB1 resolved discrete kinetic Pol II populations, revealing that promoter-paused Pol II turns over far faster (~42 s) than elongating Pol II (~23 min).

    Evidence GFP-RPB1 knockin, FRAP, computational kinetic modeling

    PMID:29632207

    Open questions at the time
    • Molecular basis of high pause turnover (premature termination) inferred
    • Population assignments depend on model assumptions
  19. 2019 High

    Showing dominant-negative POLR2A missense variants cause a neurodevelopmental syndrome while LOF variants are milder defined the genotype–phenotype logic of human Pol II disease.

    Evidence Structural mapping of 11 variants, yeast functional assays, HeLa viability assays

    PMID:31353023

    Open questions at the time
    • Gene-specific transcriptional consequences in patient neurons not mapped
    • Mechanism of dominant-negative interference at molecular level not resolved
  20. 2019 High

    Identifying that Bur1/Cdk9 phosphorylates the Rpb1 linker to recruit the Spt6 tandem-SH2 domain, with Kin28 inhibition abolishing downstream marks, established obligatory sequential CTD/linker phosphorylation feeding elongation factor recruitment.

    Evidence Analog-sensitive kinase inhibition, ChIP, in vitro Spt6-tSH2 binding

    PMID:31085683

    Open questions at the time
    • Quantitative dependency of Ser2-P on prior marks not fully dissected
    • Fission-yeast specific
  21. 2019 Medium

    Linking XAB2-dependent splicing of POLR2A pre-mRNA to senescence showed that RPB1 abundance is post-transcriptionally controlled and that its loss engages p53/p21.

    Evidence XAB2 siRNA, RNA-seq splicing analysis, TMT proteomics, XAB2-SNW1 Co-IP, POLR2A rescue

    PMID:31216022

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct splicing mechanism on POLR2A introns not resolved
    • Single-lab study
  22. 2021 Medium

    Identifying POLR2A interaction with CREB1 to assemble on osteoclast target genes, and PD-L1 to activate LY6E, extended RPB1 roles to specific transcription-factor–directed programs in physiology and metastasis.

    Evidence Co-IP, ChIP/ChIP-seq, conditional Polr2a knockout mice, CRISPR KO (PD-L1)

    PMID:33595106 PMID:41388312

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether these are general or gene-specific recruitment events unclear
    • Single-lab studies
  23. 2022 Medium

    Defining the ARMC5–CUL3–RBX1 complex as an RPB1-specific E3 ligase added a CUL3-based pathway controlling RPB1 abundance, with disease relevance via PBMAH mutations.

    Evidence Co-IP, in vitro E3 ligase assay, Armc5 knockout mouse, RPB1 ubiquitination Western blot

    PMID:35687106

    Open questions at the time
    • Ubiquitin linkage and degron on RPB1 not defined
    • Relationship to UV-induced ligases unclear
  24. 2022 Medium

    Characterizing the Spt6-tSH2:Rpb1 linker interface in vivo showed this contact coordinates TSS selection, splicing, repression, and +1 nucleosome maintenance.

    Evidence Interface-disrupting mutations, RNA-seq, Spt6 ChIP, MNase-seq

    PMID:34967414

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct causal chain from interface to each phenotype not separated
    • Single-lab study
  25. 2025 Medium

    Identifying USP10 as a deubiquitinase that stabilizes POLR2A defined an opposing arm to RPB1 ubiquitination with downstream control of SLC7A11 and ferroptosis.

    Evidence Co-IP, in vitro deubiquitination assay, USP10 depletion/antagonist, POLR2A ChIP at SLC7A11

    PMID:40605431

    Open questions at the time
    • Which E3-deposited chains USP10 antagonizes in vivo unclear
    • Single-lab cancer-context study
  26. 2025 Medium

    Showing OROV NSs promotes proteasomal degradation of hyperphosphorylated RPB1 added a second viral strategy converging on RPB1 turnover to suppress host transcription.

    Evidence OROV infection/NSs expression, MG132 rescue, CTD phospho-isoform Western blot, nascent RNA quantification

    PMID:40928251

    Open questions at the time
    • NSs–RPB1 interaction not directly mapped
    • Host E3 ligase unidentified

Open questions

Synthesis pass · forward-looking unresolved questions
  • How the multiple RPB1 ubiquitination pathways (Elongin A, ARMC5-CUL3, CRL4CSA, LMO7), deubiquitination by USP10, sumoylation, and the PDAR apoptotic response are integrated to set RPB1 abundance and cell fate across stress and disease contexts remains unresolved.
  • No unified model coordinating competing E3 ligases and USP10
  • Degron and chain-linkage specificity for each pathway not defined
  • Trigger that commits cells to PDAR versus survival unknown

Mechanism profile

Synthesis pass · controlled-vocabulary classification · explore literature graph →
Molecular activity
GO:0140110 transcription regulator activity 3 GO:0003677 DNA binding 2 GO:0140098 catalytic activity, acting on RNA 2
Localization
GO:0005634 nucleus 2 GO:0005654 nucleoplasm 1 GO:0005829 cytosol 1
Pathway
R-HSA-73894 DNA Repair 4 R-HSA-74160 Gene expression (Transcription) 3 R-HSA-8953854 Metabolism of RNA 3 R-HSA-1643685 Disease 2
Partners
ARMC5ELOAIWS1RECQ5SEN1SETD2SPT6USP10
Complex memberships
Pol II–TC-NER complexRNA polymerase II

Evidence

Reading pass · 44 per-paper findings extracted from the source corpus
Year Finding Method Journal Conf PMIDs
2018 Live-cell FRAP with GFP-RPB1 knockin cells and computational modeling revealed four kinetically distinct Pol II fractions: ~7% freely diffusing, ~10% chromatin-bound for ~2.4 seconds during initiation, ~23% promoter-paused for ~42 seconds (with high turnover likely due to premature termination), and ~23% elongating on chromatin for ~23 minutes. GFP-RPB1 knockin (endogenous tagging), FRAP/photobleaching, computational modeling Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America High 29632207
2009 The CTD of Rpb1 (yeast) is phosphorylated at Ser7 in vivo; the basal factor TFIIH (Kin28/Cdk7) can phosphorylate Ser7 in vitro and is necessary for Ser7 phosphorylation in vivo. Deletion of the Ser5-phosphatase Rtr1 increases Ser5-P but not Ser7-P, distinguishing the two marks. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP), in vitro kinase assay, genetic deletion of Rtr1 The Journal of biological chemistry High 19679665
2016 Mass-spectrometry analysis of a modified CTD (msCTD) showed that Ser5-P and Ser2-P are far more abundant than other CTD phosphorylations; msCTD co-purifying with capping enzyme was enriched for Ser5-P, while that bound to termination factor Rtt103 had higher Ser2-P, supporting a sparse 'CTD code'. Modified CTD mass spectrometry (msCTD), affinity purification, CTD kinase/phosphatase mutants Molecular cell High 26799764
2005 NMR solution structure of the human Set2 SRI domain revealed a three-helix bundle; NMR titration and Biacore binding assays showed the SRI domain binds preferentially to doubly (Ser2+Ser5)-phosphorylated CTD peptides of Rpb1 via helices 1 and 2, with five residues identified as critical by point mutagenesis. NMR structure determination, NMR titration, Biacore surface plasmon resonance, point mutagenesis Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America High 16314571
2008 The mammalian Elongin A–Elongin BC–Cul5/Rbx2 hetero-pentamer complex ubiquitylates Rpb1 in vitro; Elongin A-deficient cells show suppressed UV-induced Rpb1 ubiquitylation and proteasomal degradation. Elongin A preferentially interacts with Ser5-phosphorylated Rpb1 after UV irradiation. In vitro ubiquitylation assay (reconstituted complex), Elongin A knockdown/rescue, Co-IP (Elongin A with Rpb1) The EMBO journal High 19037258
2007 Yeast Rpb9 (nonessential Pol II subunit) promotes UV-induced ubiquitylation and degradation of Rpb1 via its C-terminal Zn2 domain; the Zn2 domain is dispensable for transcription elongation and TCR but essential for Rpb1 degradation. Co-IP showed nearly full-length Rpb9 is needed for strong interaction with core Pol II. UV irradiation, domain-deletion mutants of Rpb9, Co-immunoprecipitation, 26S proteasome inhibitor experiments Molecular and cellular biology High 17452455
2012 Old World alphavirus nsP2 proteins (Sindbis, Semliki Forest, Chikungunya) induce rapid ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation of Rpb1 to inhibit host transcription; this is independent of nsP2 protease activity but requires integrity of nsP2 helicase and SAM-dependent methyltransferase-like domains. Viral infection, nsP2 point mutants, proteasome inhibitor, ubiquitination assay, Western blot for Rpb1 levels Journal of virology High 22514352
2022 ARMC5, CUL3, and RBX1 form an active E3 ubiquitin ligase complex specific for RPB1; Armc5 deletion reduces RPB1 ubiquitination and increases RPB1 accumulation. Mutant ARMC5 (as found in PBMAH patients) shows altered binding to RPB1. Co-immunoprecipitation (ARMC5-CUL3-RBX1 complex), in vitro E3 ligase assay, Armc5 knockout mouse, RPB1 ubiquitination Western blot Nucleic acids research High 35687106
2009 Rpb1 is sumoylated in yeast upon UV radiation or transcriptional impairment; E2 conjugase Ubc9 and E3 ligase Siz1 mediate this modification; K1487 in the acidic linker region of Rpb1 is the major sumoylation site. Rpb1 sumoylation restrains the DNA damage checkpoint (Rad53 phosphorylation) caused by transcription-blocking lesions. UV irradiation, SUMO pathway mutants (Ubc9, Siz1), site-directed mutagenesis (K1487), checkpoint kinase Rad53 phosphorylation assay PloS one Medium 19384408
2019 In fission yeast, Bur1 (Cdk9) is the kinase responsible for phosphorylation of the Rpb1 linker in vivo; phosphorylation of the linker enhances binding of the Spt6 tandem SH2 domain. Inhibition of Cdk7/Kin28 blocked both Ser5-P and Ser7-P and also abolished Ser2-P, supporting obligatory sequential phosphorylation. Covalent kinase inhibitor (analog-sensitive alleles), ChIP, in vitro binding assay (Spt6-tSH2 domain) Molecular and cellular biology High 31085683
2013 The CTD of Rpb1 can function when transferred to other Pol II subunits (Rpb4 or Rpb6) near the original CTD position and still support viability, phosphorylation, and factor recruitment; CTD fused to Rpb9 on the opposite face of Pol II fails to rescue. CTD fused to Rpb6 does not confer CTD functions on Pol I or Pol III. CTD domain-transfer genetic complementation, in vivo CTD phosphorylation assay, factor recruitment ChIP Molecular cell High 24035501
2012 Sen1 interacts directly with the Ser2-phosphorylated CTD of Rpb1; the sen1-R302W mutation impairs this interaction, reduces Sen1 occupancy across noncoding genes, and disrupts transcription termination of noncoding RNAs. A handoff model is proposed where factors transfer from Ser5-P to Ser2-P CTD during transcription. Two-hybrid analysis, co-immunoprecipitation, chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) Eukaryotic cell Medium 22286094
2012 Fission yeast Cdk9 (P-TEFb) requires a C-terminal extension distinct from the catalytic domain for binding to capping enzyme Pcm1 and for Spt5 phosphorylation; this extension is dispensable for recognition of Ser7-pre-phosphorylated (primed) CTD substrates. On peptide substrates in vitro, Cdk9 prefers Ser7-phosphorylated CTD repeats over unmodified repeats. In vitro kinase assay on CTD peptides, domain-deletion mutants, chromatin immunoprecipitation, genetic suppression Molecular and cellular biology High 22508988
2015 In fission yeast, phosphorylation of Rpb1 CTD Ser2 by Lsk1 (Cdk12 orthologue) positively regulates H3K36 methylation but negatively regulates H3K4 methylation; Ser5 is required for H3K36me and H2B monoubiquitylation. Spt5 CTD Thr1 phosphorylation independently regulates H3K4me. Combinatorial CTD mutations potentiate histone modification defects. CTD phosphosite mutagenesis (Rpb1 and Spt5), histone modification analysis, kinase inactivation Nucleic acids research Medium 26275777
2016 Somatic missense mutations p.Gln403Lys or p.Leu438_His439del in POLR2A (encoding the catalytic subunit RPB1) are recurrently found in meningiomas; these mutant tumors show dysregulation of meningeal identity genes WNT6 and ZIC1/ZIC4, defining a mutually exclusive meningioma subgroup. Next-generation genomic sequencing of 775 meningiomas, transcriptional profiling of mutant tumors Nature genetics Medium 27548314
2019 De novo heterozygous POLR2A missense variants cause a neurodevelopmental syndrome with severe infantile-onset hypotonia via a dominant-negative mechanism: variants with mild structural effects produce malfunctioning Pol II and dominant-negative transcription inhibition, while loss-of-function variants (haploinsufficiency) yield milder phenotypes. Yeast functional assays confirmed impaired pol II activity. Structural evaluation of variants mapped to crystal structure, mass spectrometry, yeast (S. cerevisiae) functional assays, cell viability assays in HeLa cells American journal of human genetics High 31353023
2011 The SRI domain of human RECQ5 mediates interaction with RNAPII (Rpb1) and is required for suppressing spontaneous DNA double-strand breaks during replication; RECQ5 depletion causes accumulation of active RNAPII on chromatin and DSBs at RNAPII-transcribed loci, which are eliminated by transcription inhibition. RECQ5 siRNA depletion, SRI domain mutants, chromatin fractionation, DSB detection (γH2AX), transcription inhibitor rescue Molecular and cellular biology Medium 21402780
2002 In Xenopus oocyte germinal vesicle, RPB1 exists in at least three distinct populations with different CTD phosphorylation states: nucleoplasmic (unphosphorylated CTD), lampbrush chromosome-associated (Ser2-P and Ser5-P), and Cajal body-associated (unphosphorylated and Ser5-P). GST-fused CTD repeat constructs (15–17 repeats) are rapidly and specifically targeted to Cajal bodies upon nuclear injection. Immunofluorescence with phospho-specific antibodies, nuclear injection of GST-CTD constructs, subcellular fractionation Journal of structural biology Medium 12490164
1998 Two-hybrid mapping of fission yeast Rpb1 showed that Rpb5 interacts with the conserved region H of Rpb1 (also found in RNA Pol I subunit Rpa190), while Rpb3 contacts the region H of Rpb2; these interactions define inter-subunit contacts within the Pol II complex. Yeast two-hybrid screening with Rpb1 and Rpb2 fragment libraries Molecular & general genetics : MGG Medium 9738888
2013 RPB1 mutations in S. cerevisiae that increase transcriptional slippage on homopolymeric runs were identified in residues throughout the catalytic center; biochemical characterization of isolated Pol II from these mutants confirmed elevated transcriptional slippage in vitro, demonstrating that Rpb1 active-site residues determine register maintenance during RNA synthesis. Genetic screen (6-AU sensitivity and slippage reporter), in vitro transcriptional slippage assay with purified Pol II The Journal of biological chemistry High 23223234
2006 RPB1 point mutations in the 'lid', 'rudder', and catalytic center (e.g., rpb1-N488D and rpb1-E1103G) cause opposite effects on intrinsic in vitro polymerization rate of RNAPII; rpb1-E1230K reduces RNAPII–TFIIS interaction. Synthetic genetic interactions with soh1, spt4, and dst1 were observed. 6-AU sensitivity screen, in vitro transcription elongation assay, genetic epistasis (synthetic interactions) Genetics High 16510790
2019 XAB2 depletion causes severe intron retention in POLR2A pre-mRNA, reducing POLR2A mRNA and protein levels, which impairs global transcription and induces cellular senescence via p53/p21 upregulation; XAB2 associates with spliceosome components (including SNW1 via TPR motifs 2–4 and 11) important for POLR2A expression; re-expression of POLR2A in XAB2-depleted cells rescues senescence. XAB2 siRNA knockdown, RNA-seq (splicing analysis), TMT-based quantitative proteomics, immunoprecipitation (XAB2-SNW1), POLR2A rescue experiment Nucleic acids research Medium 31216022
2016 Triptolide causes RPB1 degradation and transcriptional inhibition through a CDK7-dependent mechanism: CDK7 phosphorylates Thr170 (activation) and a specific site on RPB1 (Ser1878); CDK7 inhibitor (BS-181) partially rescues RPB1 degradation and cell killing. XPB and p44 (TFIIH subunits) do not contribute to triptolide-driven RPB1 degradation. CDK7 inhibitor treatment, Western blot for RPB1 degradation, phospho-specific antibody for CDK7 Thr170 and RPB1 Ser1878, siRNA knockdown Molecular cancer therapeutics Medium 27197304
2021 In Alzheimer disease hippocampal neurons, two phospho-isoforms of RPB1 mislocalize from the nucleus to the cytoplasm; the number of neurons with cytoplasmic RPB1 correlates with AT8-positive (pathologic tau) burden. In the rTg4510 tau mouse model, cytoplasmic mislocalization of Rpb1 increases in a tau- and age-dependent manner. Immunofluorescence on human AD and control tissue, rTg4510 transgenic mouse model (regulatable pathologic tau P301L), quantitative correlation analysis Journal of neuropathology and experimental neurology Medium 33990839
2021 POLR2A interacts with CREB1 and regulates assembly of CREB1 on regulatory elements of osteoclast target genes; osteoclast-specific deletion of POLR2A blocks bone resorption in vivo, and POLR2A inhibition suppresses estrogen deficiency-induced bone resorption. Co-immunoprecipitation (POLR2A–CREB1), osteoclast-specific conditional Polr2a knockout mice, ChIP for CREB1 at target gene regulatory elements, in vitro osteoclastogenesis assay Journal of cellular physiology Medium 33595106
2025 USP10 deubiquitinase directly interacts with POLR2A, removes K48- and K63-linked ubiquitin chains from POLR2A through its deubiquitinase activity, and prevents ubiquitin-mediated POLR2A degradation; stabilized POLR2A then transcriptionally activates SLC7A11 to suppress ferroptosis in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Co-immunoprecipitation (USP10–POLR2A), in vitro deubiquitination assay, USP10 gene depletion and antagonist, ChIP for POLR2A at SLC7A11 promoter Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) Medium 40605431
2022 Rtr1 (a known Pol II CTD phosphatase) cooperates with Gpn3 and Npa3 to assemble the two largest RNAPII subunits (Rpb1–Rpb2); RTR1 deletion causes cytoplasmic clumping of RNAPII subunits; multicopy RTR1 suppresses cytoplasmic clumping in gpn3-9 mutants. The phosphatase catalytic activity of Rtr1 is dispensable for this assembly function. Genetic suppressor screen (multicopy RTR1), cytoplasmic clump assay (fluorescence), catalytically inactive RTR1 mutant FASEB journal Medium 36190433
2015 In mouse oocytes, phospho-RPB1 (Ser2) localizes to spindle poles and co-localizes with MTOC components (pericentrin and γ-tubulin) after meiotic resumption; phospho-RPB1 (Ser5 and Ser7) assembles as filamentous aggregates co-localizing with microtubules throughout the spindle and responds to nocodazole/taxol similarly to microtubules. Ser2-P and Ser5-P are also concentrated at centromere areas on chromosomes. Immunofluorescence with phospho-specific antibodies, spindle-disturbing drug treatments (nocodazole, taxol), co-localization with MTOC markers The Journal of reproduction and development Low 26346254
2022 Disrupting the Spt6-tSH2:Rpb1 linker interface affects transcription start site selection at specific gene subsets, reduces splicing efficiency, impairs chromatin-mediated repression, and diminishes +1 nucleosome maintenance at ribosomal protein genes; the interaction modulates Spt6 recruitment and elongation complex coordination. Interface-disrupting mutations in Spt6-tSH2 domain, RNA-seq (TSS analysis, splicing), ChIP (Spt6 occupancy), MNase-seq (nucleosome positioning) Nucleic acids research Medium 34967414
2016 Rpb1 foot-region mutations in yeast alter assembly of Rpb6 and the Rpb4/7 dimer, activate an environmental stress response (ESR) at permissive temperature, and this ESR depends on Rpb4-mediated post-transcriptional mRNA stability (mRNA imprinting) rather than transcription alone. RPB1 foot-region mutant analysis, global transcriptional analysis, mRNA stability assay, genetic analysis with Rpb4 Biochimica et biophysica acta Medium 27001033
2025 OROV NSs protein co-localizes with nucleophosmin 1 (NPM1) and promotes proteasomal degradation of hyperphosphorylated RNAP II (RPB1), reducing Ser2-P and Ser5-P CTD phosphorylation and suppressing nascent RNA synthesis; RPB1 loss is rescued by proteasome inhibitor MG132. OROV infection and NSs expression, proteasome inhibitor (MG132) rescue, Western blot for RPB1 and CTD phospho-isoforms, nascent RNA quantification Journal of virology Medium 40928251
2026 E3 ligase LMO7 is recruited to POLR2A and promotes its ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation during cellular senescence; LMO7 depletion abolishes POLR2A ubiquitination and reduction in H2O2-induced senescent cells. POLR2A knockdown induces senescence through MDM4-mediated p53/p21 pathway activation. Co-immunoprecipitation (LMO7–POLR2A), ubiquitination assay, LMO7/POLR2A siRNA knockdown, CRISPRa re-activation, RNA-seq Cell death & disease Medium 41896199
2025 Nuclear PD-L1 (following IFN-γ-induced HDAC2-mediated deacetylation and nuclear translocation) physically binds POLR2A and forms a transcriptional complex that directly activates LY6E expression, promoting TNBC lung metastasis independently of immune checkpoint function. CRISPR/Cas9 PD-L1 knockout, Co-immunoprecipitation (PD-L1–POLR2A), ChIP-seq (PD-L1 and POLR2A at LY6E locus), RNA-seq Breast cancer research : BCR Medium 41388312
2013 Sequence-specific DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) activate P-TEFb, triggering hyperphosphorylation of the Rpb1 CTD and subsequent p53-dependent transcriptional activation leading to cell cycle arrest. Inducible restriction enzyme DSB system, P-TEFb activity assay, Rpb1-CTD hyperphosphorylation Western blot, p53 target gene induction Mutation research Low 23906511
2024 Leveraging ERLIC/HILIC chromatography with engineered msCTD, MS analysis confirmed that Ser5-P and Ser2-P are the dominant endogenous CTD phosphoisoforms in yeast, consistent with a simple 'CTD code', and demonstrated that these marks occur throughout CTD length. Mass spectrometry (HILIC/ERLIC LC-MS/MS) of engineered yeast msCTD bioRxiv (preprint)preprint Medium
2024 UV-induced RPB1 degradation occurs in trans and is controlled by NER activity regardless of how the DNA lesion is recognized (by stalled RNAPII or GG-NER factors XPE/XPC); absence of any core NER factor enhances RPB1 degradation, and damage-induced degradation depends on Cullin-RING ubiquitin ligases and is not restricted to actively transcribing or phosphorylated RPB1 molecules. NER factor mutants (TC-NER and GG-NER), Cullin-RING inhibitor, UV irradiation, Western blot for RPB1 degradation bioRxiv (preprint)preprint Medium
2024 STK19 is an integral component of the Pol II–TC-NER complex; cryo-EM shows STK19 bridges CSA with UVSSA, RPB1, and downstream DNA; STK19 stimulates CRL4CSA E3 ligase activity resulting in efficient Pol II (RPB1 K1268) ubiquitylation and correct UVSSA/TFIIH binding for TC-NER. Cryo-EM structure of TC-NER complex, live-cell imaging, Co-immunoprecipitation, CRL4CSA ubiquitination assay bioRxiv (preprint)preprint Medium
2024 STK19 joins the TC-NER complex by binding CSA and the RPB1 subunit of Pol II (1.9 Å cryo-EM structure); AlphaFold modeling and mutational disruption of STK19–XPD interface impairs cell-free TC-NER, suggesting STK19 positions TFIIH ahead of Pol II for lesion verification. 1.9 Å cryo-EM, in vitro TC-NER reconstitution in frog egg extract, interface mutant disruption, AlphaFold modeling bioRxiv (preprint)preprint Medium
2024 Loss of Pol II protein (Rpb1 specifically) — but not loss of transcriptional activity — activates a specific apoptotic pathway termed PDAR (Pol II Degradation-dependent Apoptotic Response); expression of a transcriptionally inactive Rpb1 rescues viability after Pol II loss. Rpb1 catalytic-dead mutant rescue experiment, functional genomics (PDAR genetic dependencies), Pol II depletion bioRxiv (preprint)preprint Medium
2025 CDK11 phosphorylates the Rpb1 linker domain (analogous to yeast Bur1) and the hSpt5 repeat region; CDK11 inhibition reduces active Pol II at TSS and gene bodies. CDK11 is also required for phosphorylation and activation of CDK12, which drives Pol II elongation. CDK11 inhibition (selective inhibitor), ChIP-seq for active Pol II, in vitro kinase assay, CDK12 phosphorylation Western blot bioRxiv (preprint)preprint Medium
2025 IWS1 interacts with Pol II subunits RPB1 (via the RPB1 jaw domain, dependent on downstream DNA binding), RPB2, and RPB5, as well as elongation factors DSIF, SPT6, and ELOF1, as revealed by cryo-EM mapping of short linear motifs (SLiMs) in the intrinsically disordered C-terminal region of IWS1. IWS1 protects the elongation complex from RECQL5 inhibition. Cryo-EM of IWS1–Pol II elongation complex, functional SLiM mutagenesis, in vitro transcription stimulation assay bioRxiv (preprint)preprint Medium
2025 RECQ5 attenuates RNAPII transcription elongation via two mechanisms: (1) at atomic level, its brake helix acts as a doorstop controlling Pol II translocation along DNA; (2) at mesoscale, RECQ5 forms a condensate scaffold integrating hyperphosphorylated Pol II elongation complexes via site-specific interactions with CTD (RPB1). Biochemical reconstitution, cryo-EM, cryotomography, coarse-grained simulations bioRxiv (preprint)preprint Medium
2025 Minnelide (triptolide pro-drug) acts through xeroderma pigmentosum type B (XPB) to alter RPB1 phosphorylation and subsequent proteasomal degradation, inducing apoptosis of CIC::DUX4 sarcoma cells in vitro and in vivo. Transcription inhibitor screen, RPB1 phosphorylation and degradation Western blot, in vivo xenograft and GEMM models bioRxiv (preprint)preprint Low
1998 The full-length mouse RPB1 can functionally substitute for the yeast S. cerevisiae RPB1 in vivo, supporting viability when expressed from the yeast promoter via homologous recombination, demonstrating structural and functional conservation of RPB1 across mammals and yeast. Homologous recombination gene replacement, haploid viability assay, Northern analysis Gene Medium 9524248

Source papers

Stage 0 corpus · 78 papers · ranked by NIH iCite citations
Year Title Journal Citations PMID
2005 Improving phylogenetic inference of mushrooms with RPB1 and RPB2 nucleotide sequences (Inocybe; Agaricales). Molecular phylogenetics and evolution 379 15737578
2002 Using RPB1 sequences to improve phylogenetic inference among mushrooms (Inocybe, Agaricales). American journal of botany 283 21665669
2016 Recurrent somatic mutations in POLR2A define a distinct subset of meningiomas. Nature genetics 282 27548314
2013 Phylogenetic analyses of RPB1 and RPB2 support a middle Cretaceous origin for a clade comprising all agriculturally and medically important fusaria. Fungal genetics and biology : FG & B 280 23357352
2012 Evasion of the innate immune response: the Old World alphavirus nsP2 protein induces rapid degradation of Rpb1, a catalytic subunit of RNA polymerase II. Journal of virology 175 22514352
2018 Live-cell analysis of endogenous GFP-RPB1 uncovers rapid turnover of initiating and promoter-paused RNA Polymerase II. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 163 29632207
2019 Precise targeting of POLR2A as a therapeutic strategy for human triple negative breast cancer. Nature nanotechnology 119 30804480
2009 Phosphorylation of the yeast Rpb1 C-terminal domain at serines 2, 5, and 7. The Journal of biological chemistry 116 19679665
2014 Imaging activity in neurons and glia with a Polr2a-based and cre-dependent GCaMP5G-IRES-tdTomato reporter mouse. Neuron 114 25155958
2005 Solution structure of the Set2-Rpb1 interacting domain of human Set2 and its interaction with the hyperphosphorylated C-terminal domain of Rpb1. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 111 16314571
2008 Mammalian Elongin A complex mediates DNA-damage-induced ubiquitylation and degradation of Rpb1. The EMBO journal 104 19037258
2016 Direct Analysis of Phosphorylation Sites on the Rpb1 C-Terminal Domain of RNA Polymerase II. Molecular cell 98 26799764
2006 Mutations in the Saccharomyces cerevisiae RPB1 gene conferring hypersensitivity to 6-azauracil. Genetics 87 16510790
2005 Lower level relationships in the mushroom genus Cortinarius (Basidiomycota, Agaricales): a comparison of RPB1, RPB2, and ITS phylogenies. Molecular phylogenetics and evolution 84 16085431
2004 Molecular phylogeny of Zygomycota based on EF-1alpha and RPB1 sequences: limitations and utility of alternative markers to rDNA. Molecular phylogenetics and evolution 61 14715234
2019 De Novo Heterozygous POLR2A Variants Cause a Neurodevelopmental Syndrome with Profound Infantile-Onset Hypotonia. American journal of human genetics 54 31353023
2006 Testing morphology-based hypotheses of phylogenetic relationships in Parmeliaceae (Ascomycota) using three ribosomal markers and the nuclear RPB1 gene. Molecular phylogenetics and evolution 52 17276700
2001 Relationships of microsporidian genera, with emphasis on the polysporous genera, revealed by sequences of the largest subunit of RNA polymerase II (RPB1). The Journal of eukaryotic microbiology 49 11249186
2011 Phylogeny of parasitic parabasalia and free-living relatives inferred from conventional markers vs. Rpb1, a single-copy gene. PloS one 48 21695260
2011 The SET2-RPB1 interaction domain of human RECQ5 is important for transcription-associated genome stability. Molecular and cellular biology 45 21402780
1991 Cloning and sequence determination of the Schizosaccharomyces pombe rpb1 gene encoding the largest subunit of RNA polymerase II. Nucleic acids research 44 2011520
2012 Interactions of Sen1, Nrd1, and Nab3 with multiple phosphorylated forms of the Rpb1 C-terminal domain in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Eukaryotic cell 43 22286094
2002 The distribution of RNA polymerase II largest subunit (RPB1) in the Xenopus germinal vesicle. Journal of structural biology 42 12490164
2016 Triptolide Induces Cell Killing in Multidrug-Resistant Tumor Cells via CDK7/RPB1 Rather than XPB or p44. Molecular cancer therapeutics 41 27197304
2012 Separate domains of fission yeast Cdk9 (P-TEFb) are required for capping enzyme recruitment and primed (Ser7-phosphorylated) Rpb1 carboxyl-terminal domain substrate recognition. Molecular and cellular biology 35 22508988
2013 Nuclear localization of CD26 induced by a humanized monoclonal antibody inhibits tumor cell growth by modulating of POLR2A transcription. PloS one 32 23638030
2022 ARMC5 is part of an RPB1-specific ubiquitin ligase implicated in adrenal hyperplasia. Nucleic acids research 31 35687106
2012 The fidelity of transcription: RPB1 (RPO21) mutations that increase transcriptional slippage in S. cerevisiae. The Journal of biological chemistry 30 23223234
2007 Yeast Rpb9 plays an important role in ubiquitylation and degradation of Rpb1 in response to UV-induced DNA damage. Molecular and cellular biology 30 17452455
2013 Trypanosome cdc2-related kinase 9 controls spliced leader RNA cap4 methylation and phosphorylation of RNA polymerase II subunit RPB1. Molecular and cellular biology 26 23478263
2019 Selective Kinase Inhibition Shows That Bur1 (Cdk9) Phosphorylates the Rpb1 Linker In Vivo. Molecular and cellular biology 25 31085683
2019 XAB2 depletion induces intron retention in POLR2A to impair global transcription and promote cellular senescence. Nucleic acids research 25 31216022
2014 Species delimitation in Trametes: a comparison of ITS, RPB1, RPB2 and TEF1 gene phylogenies. Mycologia 24 24898532
2020 BCAR1 promotes proliferation and cell growth in lung adenocarcinoma via upregulation of POLR2A. Thoracic cancer 20 33001583
2015 Functional interaction of Rpb1 and Spt5 C-terminal domains in co-transcriptional histone modification. Nucleic acids research 19 26275777
2021 POLR2A Promotes the Proliferation of Gastric Cancer Cells by Advancing the Overall Cell Cycle Progression. Frontiers in genetics 17 34899822
2016 Rpb1 foot mutations demonstrate a major role of Rpb4 in mRNA stability during stress situations in yeast. Biochimica et biophysica acta 17 27001033
2013 The C-terminal domain of Rpb1 functions on other RNA polymerase II subunits. Molecular cell 16 24035501
2009 Rpb1 sumoylation in response to UV radiation or transcriptional impairment in yeast. PloS one 16 19384408
1998 Mapping of Rpb3 and Rpb5 contact sites on two large subunits, Rpb1 and Rpb2, of the RNA polymerase II from fission yeast. Molecular & general genetics : MGG 16 9738888
2020 Germline mutation in POLR2A: a heterogeneous, multi-systemic developmental disorder characterized by transcriptional dysregulation. HGG advances 15 33665635
2006 Duplication and paralog sorting of RPB2 and RPB1 genes in core eudicots. Molecular phylogenetics and evolution 14 17208015
2022 The interaction between the Spt6-tSH2 domain and Rpb1 affects multiple functions of RNA Polymerase II. Nucleic acids research 13 34967414
2009 Allele-specific cancer cell killing in vitro and in vivo targeting a single-nucleotide polymorphism in POLR2A. Cancer gene therapy 13 19165236
2018 Eleutheroside B1 mediates its anti-influenza activity through POLR2A and N-glycosylation. International journal of molecular medicine 12 30226535
2012 The effect of aryl hydrocarbon receptor ligands on the expression of polymerase (DNA directed) kappa (Polκ), polymerase RNA II (DNA directed) polypeptide A (PolR2a), CYP1B1 and CYP1A1 genes in rat liver. Environmental toxicology and pharmacology 12 23026235
2021 Cytoplasmic Mislocalization of RNA Polymerase II Subunit RPB1 in Alzheimer Disease Is Linked to Pathologic Tau. Journal of neuropathology and experimental neurology 11 33990839
2016 Cdk7 mediates RPB1-driven mRNA synthesis in Toxoplasma gondii. Scientific reports 11 27759017
2014 Measurement of mRNA decay rates in Saccharomyces cerevisiae using rpb1-1 strains. Journal of visualized experiments : JoVE 10 25549102
2013 Sequence-specific double strand breaks trigger P-TEFb-dependent Rpb1-CTD hyperphosphorylation. Mutation research 10 23906511
2021 POLR2A blocks osteoclastic bone resorption and protects against osteoporosis by interacting with CREB1. Journal of cellular physiology 9 33595106
2025 USP10 Inhibits Ferroptosis via Deubiquinating POLR2A in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) 8 40605431
2019 Aberrant activation of RPB1 is critical for cell overgrowth in acute myeloid leukemia. Experimental cell research 8 31574286
2025 CircMETTL6 Suppresses Ovarian Cancer Cell Growth and Metastasis Through Inhibition of GDF15 Transcription by Disrupting the NONO-POLR2A Complex. Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) 7 39899667
2007 Higher-level phylogeny of Foraminifera inferred from the RNA polymerase II (RPB1) gene. European journal of protistology 7 17532615
2022 Rtr1 is required for Rpb1-Rpb2 assembly of RNAPII and prevents their cytoplasmic clump formation. FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology 6 36190433
2023 Predictive Potential of RNA Polymerase B (II) Subunit 1 (RPB1) Cytoplasmic Aggregation for Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy Failure. International journal of molecular sciences 5 37958852
2025 Krüppel-Like Factor 6 Induces RNA Polymerase II Subunit RPB1 to Promote Kidney Injury. Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : JASN 4 40327838
2022 De novo POLR2A p.(Ile457Thr) variant associated with early-onset encephalopathy and cerebellar atrophy: expanding the phenotypic spectrum. Brain & development 4 35461703
2026 BPHL promotes TNBC stemness by resolving R-loops via POLR2A lactylation inhibition and BARD1-mediated ubiquitination. Cancer letters 3 41765360
2025 Bclaf1 mediates super-enhancer-driven activation of POLR2A to enhance chromatin accessibility in nitrosamine-induced esophageal carcinogenesis. Journal of hazardous materials 3 40220379
2025 PTf-SRiApt Targeting SCAF4-POLR2A Interaction Suppresses Tumor Growth and Promotes Antitumor Immunity in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) 3 40574704
2024 A mutation in POLR2A gene associated with body size traits in Dezhou donkeys revealed with GWAS. Journal of animal science 3 39079013
2022 Micro-RNA378a-3p Induces Apoptosis in Sarcomatoid Renal Cell Carcinoma and Regulates POLR2A and RUNX2 Expression. Anticancer research 3 35093879
2022 Posterior fossa ependymoma in neurodevelopmental syndrome caused by a de novo germline pathogenic POLR2A variant. American journal of medical genetics. Part A 3 35689525
2016 Antibodies to the DNA-directed RNA polymerase II subunit RPB1 occur with highest frequency in centenarians. Immunity & ageing : I & A 3 27006680
2015 Unique subcellular distribution of RPB1 with a phosphorylated C-terminal domain (CTD) in mouse oocytes during meiotic division and its relationship with chromosome separation. The Journal of reproduction and development 3 26346254
1998 The largest subunit of mouse RNA polymerase II (RPB1) functionally substituted for its yeast counterpart in vivo. Gene 3 9524248
2013 Synthetically engineered rpb1 alleles altering RNA polymerase II carboxy terminal domain phosphorylation induce discrete morphogenetic defects in Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Communicative & integrative biology 2 23710280
2025 Oropouche virus NSs protein suppresses host transcription by targeting the RNA polymerase II RPB1 protein. Journal of virology 1 40928251
2025 Nuclear PD-L1 drives IFN-γ-promoted lung metastasis of triple-negative breast cancer via POLR2A-mediated transcriptional activation of LY6E. Breast cancer research : BCR 1 41388312
2021 Syndromic RNA polymerase II insufficiency: Generation of a human induced pluripotent stem cell line (UUIGPi002A-5) with a heterozygous disruption of POLR2A. Stem cell research 1 34688129
2007 [C-terminal domain (CTD) of the subunit Rpb1 of nuclear RNA polymerase II and its role in the transcription cycle]. Molekuliarnaia biologiia 1 17685222
2026 LMO7-mediated POLR2A degradation promotes cellular senescence through the MDM4/p53/p21 axis. Cell death & disease 0 41896199
2025 Transcriptional rewiring in cancer driven by POLR2A/RPB1: mechanistic insights, non-coding RNA crosstalk, and therapeutic opportunities. Frontiers in pharmacology 0 41487511
2024 Novel detoxifier of spironolactone against triptolide-induced hepatotoxicity through inhibition of RPB1 degradation. Journal of ethnopharmacology 0 39182704
2018 Full-length RPB1 is required in two-step shoot regeneration. Biochemical and biophysical research communications 0 29625106
2016 Alternative Splicing of Toll-Like Receptor 9 Transcript in Teleost Fish Grouper Is Regulated by NF-κB Signaling via Phosphorylation of the C-Terminal Domain of the RPB1 Subunit of RNA Polymerase II. PloS one 0 27658294

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