Affinage

POLR2B

DNA-directed RNA polymerase II subunit RPB2 · UniProt P30876

Round 2 corrected
Length
1174 aa
Mass
133.9 kDa
Annotated
2026-04-28
75 papers in source corpus 18 papers cited in narrative 18 extracted findings

Mechanistic narrative

Synthesis pass · prose summary of the discoveries below

POLR2B (RPB2) is the second-largest subunit of RNA polymerase II, forming part of the DNA clamp and active-site architecture essential for mRNA transcription in eukaryotes. Structural studies show that RPB2 contributes to the clamp that locks on DNA during elongation (with RPB1 and RPB6), harbors a catalytically important E791 residue that participates in NTP-Mg(B) loading, and presents a lobe domain that functionally interacts with the TFIIB B-finger to influence transcription start-site selection (PMID:10784442, PMID:15886393, PMID:15082791). Elongation-defective RPB2 mutations alter poly(A) site selection in vivo, and the RPB2 lobe domain serves as a direct contact surface for elongation factors including IWS1 (PMID:14560031, PMID:21670157). RPB2 is assembled into RNAPII in the cytoplasm with assistance from Rtr1/Gpn3/Npa3 and is imported into the nucleus via a COPI vesicle–TANGO6 pathway during G1, coupling RPB2 nuclear availability to cell cycle progression (PMID:36190433, PMID:38490996).

Mechanistic history

Synthesis pass · year-by-year structured walk · 11 steps
  1. 1993 High

    Establishing that RPB2 is the conserved second-largest Pol II subunit across eukaryotes resolved the identity and evolutionary conservation of the gene.

    Evidence Molecular cloning and sequencing of S. pombe rpb2, showing 62–68% identity with yeast, Drosophila, and human orthologs

    PMID:8441660

    Open questions at the time
    • No functional data beyond gene identity
    • Human POLR2B not directly characterized in this study
  2. 1998 Medium

    Mapping the Rpb2–Rpb3 contact site to conserved region H provided the first evidence for how RPB2 integrates into the Pol II complex through specific intersubunit interactions.

    Evidence Yeast two-hybrid mapping of S. pombe Rpb2 fragments against Rpb3

    PMID:9738888

    Open questions at the time
    • Two-hybrid interaction not confirmed by reciprocal co-IP or structural data at that time
    • Functional consequence of disrupting this interface untested
  3. 2000 High

    The 3 Å crystal structure of yeast Pol II revealed that RPB2, together with RPB1 and RPB6, forms a clamp that grips DNA near the active center and creates a pore beneath it, establishing the structural basis for stable transcribing complexes.

    Evidence X-ray crystallography of the 10-subunit yeast RNAPII at 3 Å resolution

    PMID:10784442

    Open questions at the time
    • Structure was backbone model; side-chain details and active-site chemistry awaited higher resolution
    • No elongation or initiation complex captured
  4. 2000 High

    Identification of the rpb2-100 (R512C) suppressor of ssu72-2, combined with co-immunoprecipitation, established a direct physical and functional link between RPB2 and the transcription factor Ssu72 during initiation.

    Evidence Genetic suppressor screen and co-IP of Ssu72 with purified yeast RNAPII

    PMID:11046131

    Open questions at the time
    • Precise interface between Ssu72 and RPB2 not structurally defined
    • Whether this interaction is conserved in human POLR2B untested
  5. 2003 High

    Elongation-defective RPB2 mutations were shown to increase utilization of internal and upstream poly(A) sites, establishing that RPB2-controlled elongation rate directly influences poly(A) site selection in vivo.

    Evidence In vivo genetic analysis of poly(A) site usage in yeast rpb2 and spt5 mutant strains

    PMID:14560031

    Open questions at the time
    • Mechanism by which pausing/arrest promotes premature polyadenylation not fully resolved
    • Generality to mammalian transcription not tested
  6. 2004 High

    The RPB2 lobe domain was identified as a functional interaction partner of the TFIIB B-finger during transcription start-site selection, positioning a specific RPB2 structural element in the initiation-to-elongation transition.

    Evidence Genetic suppressor screen (rpb2-101 G369S suppresses TFIIB R78C), in vitro transcription, and 6-azauracil sensitivity in yeast

    PMID:15082791

    Open questions at the time
    • No direct structural evidence for the lobe–B-finger contact at that time
    • Whether lobe mutations affect start-site selection genome-wide was not tested
  7. 2005 High

    Site-directed mutagenesis of human RPB2 E791 demonstrated its role in NTP-Mg(B) loading into the active site, providing the first direct catalytic-residue analysis of the human RPB2 subunit.

    Evidence E791A substitution in affinity-purified human RNAPII; in vitro and in vivo transcription assays

    PMID:15886393

    Open questions at the time
    • E791 is too distant for direct NTP-Mg(B) contact; the indirect mechanism of action remains structurally undefined
  8. 2011 High

    Deletion of the human RPB2 flap loop (residues 873–884) showed this TFIIB-contact interface is dispensable for global transcription, elongation, pausing, and cleavage, narrowing the functional regions of RPB2 critical for core transcription.

    Evidence Flap-loop deletion in human RPB2 analyzed by ChIP-seq, in vitro transcription, and pausing assays in HEK293 cells

    PMID:21670157

    Open questions at the time
    • Negative result may miss gene-specific or stress-specific roles
    • Possible redundancy with other RPB2 structural elements not excluded
  9. 2022 Medium

    Rtr1, Gpn3, and Npa3 were shown to be required for cytoplasmic assembly of RPB1 and RPB2 into RNAPII, establishing that RPB2 incorporation into the holoenzyme depends on dedicated assembly factors rather than spontaneous association.

    Evidence Genetic suppressor screen, co-IP, and fluorescence microscopy of RNAPII subunit localization in yeast rtr1Δ and gpn3 mutants

    PMID:36190433

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether analogous assembly pathway operates in human cells is untested
    • The precise chaperone–RPB2 binding interface is unknown
  10. 2024 High

    TANGO6 was identified as a COPI vesicle-associated factor that captures RPB2 at the cis-Golgi during G1 and mediates its nuclear import via the Golgi–ER–nucleus route, revealing an unexpected vesicle-trafficking-dependent mechanism for Pol II subunit delivery.

    Evidence Immunoprecipitation, cis-Golgi co-localization, TANGO6 domain analysis, cell cycle assays, and conditional TANGO6 KO/OE in mouse hematopoietic stem cells

    PMID:38490996

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether this pathway is universal across cell types or specific to cycling cells is unclear
    • How RPB2 transitions from ER membrane to the nucleoplasm is not structurally resolved
  11. 2025 Medium

    A gain-of-function Rpb2-N44Y allele linked Pol II elongation to RNAi-dependent heterochromatin through a non-canonical Elp1 function, revealing that RPB2 can influence heterochromatin maintenance via siRNA pathways.

    Evidence CRISPR mutagenesis, genetic epistasis with elp1Δ and elp3Δ, small RNA-seq, and heterochromatin reporter assays in S. pombe (preprint)

    PMID:bio_10.1101_2025.07.02.662331

    Open questions at the time
    • Not yet peer-reviewed
    • Mechanism by which Elp1 acts independently of tRNA modification in this context is unknown
    • Whether similar Rpb2-heterochromatin coupling exists in mammals is untested

Open questions

Synthesis pass · forward-looking unresolved questions
  • Key unresolved questions include: the structural basis for RPB2's indirect role in NTP-Mg(B) loading, the mechanism by which TANGO6-COPI delivers RPB2 from the ER to the nuclear interior, and whether the RPB2 lobe domain serves as a general elongation-factor docking platform across species.
  • No high-resolution structure of TANGO6–RPB2 complex
  • Mammalian RPB2 point-mutation studies limited to E791 and flap loop
  • No systematic interactome of the RPB2 lobe domain

Mechanism profile

Synthesis pass · controlled-vocabulary classification · explore literature graph →
Molecular activity
GO:0140098 catalytic activity, acting on RNA 4 GO:0005198 structural molecule activity 2 GO:0003677 DNA binding 1
Localization
GO:0005634 nucleus 2 GO:0005829 cytosol 2 GO:0005783 endoplasmic reticulum 1 GO:0005794 Golgi apparatus 1
Pathway
R-HSA-74160 Gene expression (Transcription) 6 R-HSA-8953854 Metabolism of RNA 2 R-HSA-1640170 Cell Cycle 1 R-HSA-4839726 Chromatin organization 1
Partners
IWS1RPB1RPB3RPB6RTR1SSU72TANGO6TFIIB
Complex memberships
RNA polymerase II

Evidence

Reading pass · 18 per-paper findings extracted from the source corpus
Year Finding Method Journal Conf PMIDs
2000 X-ray crystal structure of the 10-subunit yeast RNA polymerase II at 3 Å resolution revealed that Rpb2 contributes to a clamp on DNA near the active center (together with Rpb1 and Rpb6) and forms part of a pore beneath the active center. The clamp formed by Rpb1, Rpb2, and Rpb6 may lock in the closed position upon RNA binding, accounting for the stability of transcribing complexes. X-ray crystallography (3 Å resolution backbone model of 10-subunit yeast RNAPII) Science High 10784442
1993 The S. pombe rpb2 gene was cloned and sequenced, encoding a 1210 amino acid, ~138 kDa protein. It shares 68% amino acid identity with S. cerevisiae Rpb2, 62% with Drosophila and human orthologs, is present as a single copy in the genome, and produces a ~4 kb transcript, establishing it as the conserved second-largest subunit of RNA polymerase II. Molecular cloning, cross-hybridization, DNA sequencing, Southern and Northern blotting Nucleic Acids Research High 8441660
1996 In S. cerevisiae, UV-induced cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPDs) in the transcribed strand of the active RPB2 locus are repaired very efficiently (transcription-coupled repair) starting within 23 bases downstream of the transcription initiation site, while the non-transcribed strand exhibits slow, uniform repair via the global genome repair pathway dependent on RAD7 and RAD16. Nucleotide-resolution CPD repair assay using oligonucleotide-directed enrichment and genomic end-labeling in yeast Nucleic Acids Research High 8836174
1998 Using two-hybrid mapping in S. cerevisiae, Rpb3 contact sites on S. pombe Rpb2 were localized to the conserved region H of Rpb2, which is homologous to the beta subunit of prokaryotic RNA polymerases, suggesting this region mediates assembly interactions within the RNA polymerase II complex. Yeast two-hybrid system with Rpb2 fragment library Molecular & General Genetics Medium 9738888
2000 Ssu72 physically interacts with purified RNA polymerase II (Rpb2-containing) as demonstrated by co-immunoprecipitation, and a genetic suppressor screen identified an rpb2-100 allele (R512C in homology block D of Rpb2) that suppresses the ssu72-2 temperature-sensitive defect. Both mutations affect noninduced gene expression, defining a physical and functional interaction between Ssu72 and the Rpb2 subunit of RNAP II during transcription initiation. Genetic suppressor screen, co-immunoprecipitation of Ssu72 with purified RNAPII, in vivo transcription assays Molecular and Cellular Biology High 11046131
2001 Two-hybrid analysis in S. cerevisiae mapped the Rpb2-Rpb3 interaction site in S. pombe Rpb2 to the C-terminal region spanning amino acids 902–989 (encoded by base 2701–2966 of Rpb2 cDNA). Yeast two-hybrid system with defined Rpb2 cDNA fragments fused to Gal4 BD, beta-galactosidase activity assay Wei Sheng Wu Xue Bao (Acta Microbiologica Sinica) Low 12552808
2003 Mutations in yeast RPB2 (elongation-defective alleles), together with defects in elongation factors SPT5 and TFIIS, cause increased utilization of internal and upstream poly(A) sites in vivo, establishing that transcriptional elongation rate controlled by Rpb2 influences poly(A) site selection. RPB2 and SPT5 defects promote transcriptional pausing or arrest that enhances premature polyadenylation. In vivo genetic analysis of poly(A) site usage with rpb2 and spt5 mutant yeast strains; mRNA analysis of genes with internal poly(A) sites Molecular and Cellular Biology High 14560031
2004 A genetic suppressor screen in yeast identified an rpb2-101 allele (G369S in the lobe domain of Rpb2) that suppresses the cold-sensitive growth defect of a TFIIB R78C (B-finger) mutant. The Rpb2 lobe domain, located downstream of the catalytic center near Rpb9, functionally interacts with the TFIIB B-finger domain during transcription start site selection. The sua7-3 rpb2-101 double mutant was also sensitive to 6-azauracil, linking Rpb2 lobe to elongation. Genetic suppressor screen, in vitro promoter-specific transcription run-on assay, abortive initiation analysis, 6-azauracil sensitivity assay Molecular and Cellular Biology High 15082791
2005 The highly conserved glutamic acid residue E791 (human) / E836 (equivalent in other species) of RPB2 is required for efficient NTP polymerization and transcript cleavage at low NTP and low Mg2+ concentrations. The E791A substitution in affinity-purified human RNAPII impairs transcription activity in vitro and in vivo at low NTP concentrations, indicating this residue participates in loading NTP-Mg(B) (metal B) into the active site during catalysis, likely through an indirect mechanism as E791 is too distant for direct NTP-Mg(B) contact. Affinity purification of mutant human RNAPII, in vitro transcription assay, in vivo transcription assay, site-directed mutagenesis Nucleic Acids Research High 15886393
2011 Deletion of the flap loop of human RPB2 (residues 873–884, the TFIIB-contact interface) had no effect on global transcription initiation, RNAPII occupancy within genes, promoter escape, productive elongation, abortive initiation, TFIIS-stimulated transcript cleavage, or NELF/DSIF-mediated pausing in genome-wide or in vitro assays. A modest effect on elongation and pausing was suppressed by TFIIF, indicating the RPB2 flap loop is dispensable for these core transcriptional functions. Deletion mutagenesis of human RPB2 flap loop, ChIP-seq genome-wide RNAPII occupancy, in vitro transcription assays (abortive initiation, elongation, TFIIS cleavage, NELF/DSIF pausing), expressed in HEK293 cells Molecular and Cellular Biology High 21670157
2013 In yeast, the RPB2 gene undergoes UV-damage-regulated alternative polyadenylation (APA): under normal conditions, the promoter-proximal poly(A) site is preferentially used, but during transcription recovery after UV damage, the promoter-distal poly(A) site is preferentially used, producing a longer RPB2 mRNA. The rate of transcription elongation (not initiation rate or mRNA stability) is the key determinant of poly(A) site selection at RPB2, as shown by the sufficiency of the RPB2 3′UTR for this regulation. RT-PCR and Northern blotting to quantify poly(A) isoforms in UV-treated yeast; 3′UTR reporter constructs; mutant analysis of elongation vs. initiation Nucleic Acids Research Medium 23355614
2014 In the ciliate Oxytricha trifallax, a gene duplication of Rpb2 produced two paralogs (Rpb2-a and Rpb2-b) with distinct expression patterns. Rpb2-a associates with double-stranded RNAs (identified by immunoprecipitation) and appears largely unassociated with other Pol II subunits in early zygotes (by immunoprecipitation and mass spectrometry), suggesting acquisition of transcription-independent functions. Partial loss-of-function of Rpb2-a leads to increased expression of transposons and germline-limited satellite repeats, placing Rpb2-a in a role in negative regulation of germline gene expression during genome rearrangement. Immunoprecipitation of dsRNA with Rpb2-a, mass spectrometry of Rpb2-a complexes, RNAi-based partial loss-of-function, expression analysis of transposons and satellite repeats Genetics Medium 24793090
2022 RTR1 (a known transcription regulator and phosphatase) is directly required for the assembly of the two largest RNAPII subunits Rpb1 and Rpb2 in yeast, acting in concert with assembly factors Gpn3 and Npa3. Deletion of RTR1 causes cytoplasmic clumping of RNAPII subunits, and multicopy RTR1 suppresses cytoplasmic clump formation in gpn3-9 mutants. The phosphatase activity of Rtr1 is not required for this assembly function. Genetic suppressor screen (multicopy suppression of gpn3/gpn2/rba50 mutants), co-immunoprecipitation, fluorescence microscopy of RNAPII subunit localization, catalytically inactive RTR1 mutant analysis FASEB Journal Medium 36190433
2023 POLR2B/RPB2 is overexpressed and genomically amplified in glioblastoma multiforme. shRNA-mediated knockdown of POLR2B suppresses GBM tumor cell proliferation and cell cycle progression in vitro and reduces tumor growth in a xenograft mouse model. RNA sequencing identified DDIT4 (DNA damage-inducible transcript 4) as a downstream transcriptional target regulated by RPB2. shRNA knockdown, cell proliferation assay (CCK-8), cell cycle analysis (PI staining), xenograft mouse model, RNA-seq, GO and GSEA pathway analysis Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications Medium 37423037
2024 TANGO6, a protein associated with COPI vesicles via two transmembrane domains, captures RPB2 in the cis-Golgi during G1 phase via its N- and C-terminal cytoplasmic fragments, and COPI-docked TANGO6 carries RPB2 from the Golgi to the ER and then to the nucleus. Functional disruption of TANGO6 causes cytoplasmic accumulation of RPB2 and G1 cell cycle arrest. Conditional depletion or overexpression of TANGO6 in mouse hematopoietic stem cells results in compromised or expanded hematopoiesis, respectively, demonstrating that COPI vesicle-mediated nuclear import of RPB2 regulates cell cycle progression. Immunoprecipitation, co-localization microscopy (cis-Golgi markers), TANGO6 domain deletion analysis, cell cycle analysis, conditional TANGO6 knockout/overexpression in mouse hematopoietic stem cells Nature Communications High 38490996
2025 An Rpb2-N44Y mutation in S. pombe is a gain-of-function allele that reduces RNAi-dependent heterochromatin at pericentromeres. Genetic epistasis analysis showed that the heterochromatin defects of rpb2-N44Y require Elongator subunit Elp1 but not other Elongator subunits (e.g., Elp3). Loss of Elp1 robustly suppresses heterochromatin defects of rpb2-N44Y and reduces siRNA levels at affected heterochromatic loci, revealing two Rpb2-centric pathways (via RNAi or via Elp1) that respectively promote or inhibit RNAi-dependent heterochromatin. Elp1 acts independently of its canonical mcm5s2U34 tRNA modification function in this context. CRISPR-mediated site-directed mutagenesis, genetic epistasis (rpb2-N44Y × elp1Δ, elp3Δ double mutants), small RNA sequencing (siRNA levels), heterochromatin reporter assays bioRxivpreprint Medium bio_10.1101_2025.07.02.662331
2025 Cryo-EM structural analysis of the transcription elongation complex revealed that the intrinsically disordered C-terminal region of IWS1 contains short linear motifs (SLiMs) that interact directly with the RPB2 lobe domain of Pol II. This RPB2 lobe interaction, together with ELOF1 binding, is specifically required for IWS1-dependent transcription elongation stimulation, while IWS1 recruitment to the elongation complex depends on RPB1 jaw/downstream DNA interactions. Cryo-electron microscopy of transcription elongation complex, SLiM mutagenesis, functional transcription elongation assays bioRxivpreprint Medium bio_10.1101_2025.08.28.672863
2025 In yeast, U1 snRNP associates with RNA polymerase II predominantly through Prp40 (not U1-70K as in humans), and multiple domains of Prp40 interact with pol II including the RPB2 subunit. This interaction is independent of the pol II CTD, establishing RPB2 as a contact point for co-transcriptional splicing coupling in yeast. Co-immunoprecipitation of U1/U2 snRNPs with pol II subunits, domain deletion analysis of Prp40, CTD-truncated pol II analysis bioRxivpreprint Low bio_10.1101_2025.08.28.672894

Source papers

Stage 0 corpus · 75 papers · ranked by NIH iCite citations
Year Title Journal Citations PMID
2012 Insights into RNA biology from an atlas of mammalian mRNA-binding proteins. Cell 1718 22658674
2002 Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 1479 12477932
2010 Hundreds of variants clustered in genomic loci and biological pathways affect human height. Nature 1451 20881960
2016 ATPase-Modulated Stress Granules Contain a Diverse Proteome and Substructure. Cell 1233 26777405
2015 The BioPlex Network: A Systematic Exploration of the Human Interactome. Cell 1118 26186194
1998 A novel CDK9-associated C-type cyclin interacts directly with HIV-1 Tat and mediates its high-affinity, loop-specific binding to TAR RNA. Cell 1086 9491887
2017 Architecture of the human interactome defines protein communities and disease networks. Nature 1085 28514442
2015 A human interactome in three quantitative dimensions organized by stoichiometries and abundances. Cell 1015 26496610
2012 The mRNA-bound proteome and its global occupancy profile on protein-coding transcripts. Molecular cell 973 22681889
1996 The general transcription factors of RNA polymerase II. Genes & development 849 8946909
2018 VIRMA mediates preferential m6A mRNA methylation in 3'UTR and near stop codon and associates with alternative polyadenylation. Cell discovery 829 29507755
2003 Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs. Nature genetics 754 14702039
2007 Large-scale mapping of human protein-protein interactions by mass spectrometry. Molecular systems biology 733 17353931
2002 Comprehensive proteomic analysis of the human spliceosome. Nature 725 12226669
2021 Dual proteome-scale networks reveal cell-specific remodeling of the human interactome. Cell 705 33961781
2012 A census of human soluble protein complexes. Cell 689 22939629
2011 Phylogenetic-based propagation of functional annotations within the Gene Ontology consortium. Briefings in bioinformatics 656 21873635
2018 High-Density Proximity Mapping Reveals the Subcellular Organization of mRNA-Associated Granules and Bodies. Molecular cell 580 29395067
2010 An atlas of combinatorial transcriptional regulation in mouse and man. Cell 573 20211142
2017 Anticancer sulfonamides target splicing by inducing RBM39 degradation via recruitment to DCAF15. Science (New York, N.Y.) 533 28302793
2004 Menin associates with a trithorax family histone methyltransferase complex and with the hoxc8 locus. Molecular cell 523 14992727
2000 Architecture of RNA polymerase II and implications for the transcription mechanism. Science (New York, N.Y.) 452 10784442
2005 Integrator, a multiprotein mediator of small nuclear RNA processing, associates with the C-terminal repeat of RNA polymerase II. Cell 443 16239144
2004 The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome research 438 15489334
2022 OpenCell: Endogenous tagging for the cartography of human cellular organization. Science (New York, N.Y.) 432 35271311
2015 Panorama of ancient metazoan macromolecular complexes. Nature 407 26344197
2005 Improving phylogenetic inference of mushrooms with RPB1 and RPB2 nucleotide sequences (Inocybe; Agaricales). Molecular phylogenetics and evolution 373 15737578
2007 Systematic analysis of the protein interaction network for the human transcription machinery reveals the identity of the 7SK capping enzyme. Molecular cell 367 17643375
1999 HIV-1 tat transcriptional activity is regulated by acetylation. The EMBO journal 361 10545121
2011 The SARS-coronavirus-host interactome: identification of cyclophilins as target for pan-coronavirus inhibitors. PLoS pathogens 341 22046132
2021 A proximity-dependent biotinylation map of a human cell. Nature 339 34079125
2013 Phylogenetic analyses of RPB1 and RPB2 support a middle Cretaceous origin for a clade comprising all agriculturally and medically important fusaria. Fungal genetics and biology : FG & B 274 23357352
2004 Contribution of RPB2 to multilocus phylogenetic studies of the euascomycetes (Pezizomycotina, Fungi) with special emphasis on the lichen-forming Acarosporaceae and evolution of polyspory. Molecular phylogenetics and evolution 268 15288074
2006 Contributions of rpb2 and tef1 to the phylogeny of mushrooms and allies (Basidiomycota, Fungi). Molecular phylogenetics and evolution 258 17081773
2005 Lower level relationships in the mushroom genus Cortinarius (Basidiomycota, Agaricales): a comparison of RPB1, RPB2, and ITS phylogenies. Molecular phylogenetics and evolution 83 16085431
2005 Evolutionary relationships of the cup-fungus genus Peziza and Pezizaceae inferred from multiple nuclear genes: RPB2, beta-tubulin, and LSU rDNA. Molecular phylogenetics and evolution 58 15904853
2006 Ribosomal and RPB2 DNA sequence analyses suggest that Sporidesmium and morphologically similar genera are polyphyletic. Mycological research 55 16908125
2003 In vivo evidence that defects in the transcriptional elongation factors RPB2, TFIIS, and SPT5 enhance upstream poly(A) site utilization. Molecular and cellular biology 53 14560031
2000 Functional interaction between Ssu72 and the Rpb2 subunit of RNA polymerase II in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Molecular and cellular biology 53 11046131
2015 The rpb2 gene represents a viable alternative molecular marker for the analysis of environmental fungal communities. Molecular ecology resources 42 26287723
2008 Molecular phylogeny of RPB2 gene reveals multiple origin, geographic differentiation of H genome, and the relationship of the Y genome to other genomes in Elymus species. Molecular phylogenetics and evolution 40 18262439
2006 Phylogenetic utility of protein (RPB2, beta-tubulin) and ribosomal (LSU, SSU) gene sequences in the systematics of Sordariomycetes (Ascomycota, Fungi). Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 39 17072532
2004 Functional interaction between TFIIB and the Rpb2 subunit of RNA polymerase II: implications for the mechanism of transcription initiation. Molecular and cellular biology 37 15082791
2004 RPB2 gene phylogeny in flowering plants, with particular emphasis on asterids. Molecular phylogenetics and evolution 36 15223030
1996 Transcription-coupled and global genome repair in the Saccharomyces cerevisiae RPB2 gene at nucleotide resolution. Nucleic acids research 32 8836174
2007 Molecular evolution and genome divergence at RPB2 gene of the St and H genome in Elymus species. Plant molecular biology 30 17551673
2000 Discovery of paralogous nuclear gene sequences coding for the second-largest subunit of RNA polymerase II (RPB2) and their phylogenetic utility in gentianales of the asterids. Molecular biology and evolution 26 10908634
2006 RNA polymerase II gene (RPB2) encoding the second largest protein subunit in Phaeosphaeria nodorum and P. avenaria. Mycological research 25 17020806
1993 Cloning and sequence determination of the Schizosaccharomyces pombe rpb2 gene encoding the subunit 2 of RNA polymerase II. Nucleic acids research 25 8441660
2014 Transcription-independent functions of an RNA polymerase II subunit, Rpb2, during genome rearrangement in the ciliate, Oxytricha trifallax. Genetics 24 24793090
2014 Species delimitation in Trametes: a comparison of ITS, RPB1, RPB2 and TEF1 gene phylogenies. Mycologia 24 24898532
2005 Molecular phylogeny of the palm genus Chamaedorea, based on the low-copy nuclear genes PRK and RPB2. Molecular phylogenetics and evolution 23 16249101
2011 The RPB2 flap loop of human RNA polymerase II is dispensable for transcription initiation and elongation. Molecular and cellular biology 21 21670157
2010 Pleurotus eryngii species complex: sequence analysis and phylogeny based on partial EF1α and RPB2 genes. Fungal biology 21 20943152
2004 Paralogy and orthology in the MALVACEAE rpb2 gene family: investigation of gene duplication in hibiscus. Molecular biology and evolution 21 15084680
2009 Molecular evolution and phylogeny of the RPB2 gene in the genus Hordeum. Annals of botany 19 19213797
2009 Phylogeny of Litsea and related genera (Laureae-Lauraceae) based on analysis of rpb2 gene sequences. Journal of plant research 18 19219578
2006 Phylogeny and a new species of Sparassis (Polyporales, Basidiomycota): evidence from mitochondrial atp6, nuclear rDNA and rpb2 genes. Mycologia 16 17139851
1998 Mapping of Rpb3 and Rpb5 contact sites on two large subunits, Rpb1 and Rpb2, of the RNA polymerase II from fission yeast. Molecular & general genetics : MGG 16 9738888
2013 UV damage regulates alternative polyadenylation of the RPB2 gene in yeast. Nucleic acids research 15 23355614
2012 Multiple origins of allopolyploid wheatgrass Elymus caninus revealed by RPB2, PepC and TrnD/T genes. Molecular phylogenetics and evolution 14 22617317
2011 Evaluation of partial tef1, rpb2, and nLSU sequences for identification of isolates representing Armillaria calvescens and Armillaria gallica from northeastern North America. Fungal biology 14 21802054
2006 Duplication and paralog sorting of RPB2 and RPB1 genes in core eudicots. Molecular phylogenetics and evolution 14 17208015
2013 TNFRSF10A-LOC389641 rs13278062 but not REST-C4orf14-POLR2B-IGFBP7 rs1713985 was found associated with age-related macular degeneration in a Chinese population. Investigative ophthalmology & visual science 13 24235014
2005 The highly conserved glutamic acid 791 of Rpb2 is involved in the binding of NTP and Mg(B) in the active center of human RNA polymerase II. Nucleic acids research 13 15886393
2016 Phylogenetic relationship of two popular edible Pleurotus in China, Bailinggu (P. eryngii var. tuoliensis) and Xingbaogu (P. eryngii), determined by ITS, RPB2 and EF1α sequences. Molecular biology reports 10 27075657
2022 Rtr1 is required for Rpb1-Rpb2 assembly of RNAPII and prevents their cytoplasmic clump formation. FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology 5 36190433
2023 The RNA polymerase II subunit B (RPB2) functions as a growth regulator in human glioblastoma. Biochemical and biophysical research communications 4 37423037
2022 Phylogenetic relationship of Fusarium species isolated from keratitis using TEF1 and RPB2 gene sequences. Iranian journal of microbiology 4 37124860
2025 Protein Coding Low-Copy rpb2 and ef1-α Regions Are Viable Fungal Metabarcoding DNA Markers Which Can Supplement ITS for Better Accuracy. Ecology and evolution 3 40260151
2024 TANGO6 regulates cell proliferation via COPI vesicle-mediated RPB2 nuclear entry. Nature communications 2 38490996
2020 The low copy nuclear region, RPB2 as a novel DNA barcode region for species identification in the rattan genus Calamus (Arecaceae). Physiology and molecular biology of plants : an international journal of functional plant biology 2 32943823
2012 Arnica (Asteraceae) phylogeny revisited using RPB2: complex patterns and multiple d-paralogues. Molecular phylogenetics and evolution 1 22425730
2025 Correction to "Protein Coding Low-Copy rpb2 and ef1-α Regions Are Viable Fungal Metabarcoding DNA Markers Which Can Supplement ITS for Better Accuracy". Ecology and evolution 0 40589596
2001 [Mapping the interaction site of Rpb2 and Rpb3 subunit of fission yeast RNA polymerase II]. Wei sheng wu xue bao = Acta microbiologica Sinica 0 12552808