Affinage

PGAM1

Phosphoglycerate mutase 1 · UniProt P18669

Length
254 aa
Mass
28.8 kDa
Annotated
2026-06-10
61 papers in source corpus 27 papers cited in narrative 27 extracted findings
Cross-family judge vs UniProt: tie faithfulness: 8/8 claims corpus-supported (100%)

Mechanistic narrative

Synthesis pass · prose summary of the discoveries below

PGAM1 is a glycolytic enzyme catalyzing the interconversion of 3-phosphoglycerate and 2-phosphoglycerate, a step that channels carbon both through aerobic glycolysis and into the oxidative pentose phosphate pathway to sustain cell proliferation (PMID:26655504). Its catalytic cycle depends on histidine-11 phosphorylation, which promotes substrate binding; structural and mutagenesis work showed that Y26 phosphorylation releases an inhibitory E19 residue from the active site to stabilize the active, H11-phosphorylated conformation (PMID:23653202). PGAM1 activity is set by an unusually dense layer of post-translational control: PKM2 moonlights as a phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent histidine kinase that phosphorylates H11, an event gated by prior Src-mediated Y119 phosphorylation that licenses PKM2 binding (PMID:38750259), while succinylation at K99 (written by HAT1) and K161 (written by KAT2A) further tunes enzymatic output (PMID:35835856, PMID:38835015). Protein abundance is governed by competing ubiquitin machinery — E3 ligases SYVN1 and UBE3C drive K48-linked polyubiquitination and proteasomal degradation, opposed by deubiquitinases USP46 and JOSD1 and by a UBE2S–OTUB2 axis that stabilize PGAM1 to amplify glycolysis (PMID:36335636, PMID:39990664, PMID:39904430, PMID:40640077, PMID:42049490). At the transcriptional and post-transcriptional level, PGAM1 is induced by a YAP–c-MYC complex and by RFX6 acting on its promoter (PMID:30587459, PMID:38093528), and its mRNA stability is controlled by AUF1-mediated decay and by ac4C modification (PMID:40711448, PMID:41198892). Beyond glycolysis, PGAM1 carries non-canonical functions: in glioma it sequesters the phosphatase WIP1 in the cytoplasm to sustain ATM-dependent DNA damage responses and therapy resistance (PMID:33860077), it interacts with VDAC1 to drive pathological oligomerization, mtDNA leakage and cGAS–STING-dependent cardiomyocyte ferroptosis (PMID:41651300), and through lactate output it shapes the tumor immune microenvironment by limiting CD8+ T cell function and promoting M2 macrophage polarization (PMID:42049490, PMID:42204131). T cell-specific deletion in mice established a physiological requirement for PGAM1 in glycolysis-supported mTORC1 and TCR signaling during immune activation (PMID:32709928). Structure-guided allosteric inhibitors (KH3) suppress tumor metabolism and synergize with anti-PD-1 immunotherapy, validating PGAM1 as a metabolic drug target (PMID:37705495, PMID:31662475).

Mechanistic history

Synthesis pass · year-by-year structured walk · 10 steps
  1. 1982 Medium

    Establishing the chromosomal location of the gene was the first step toward defining PGAM1 as a discrete human locus.

    Evidence gene dosage studies in erythrocytes of patients with trisomy/monosomy

    PMID:6282177

    Open questions at the time
    • No protein function or mechanism addressed
    • Mapping resolution limited to a cytogenetic band
  2. 2013 High

    It was unknown how phosphorylation activates PGAM1; crystallography and active-site mutagenesis showed Y26 phosphorylation releases an inhibitory E19 to stabilize the H11-phosphorylated active conformation, defining the structural logic of activation.

    Evidence crystal structure of H11-phosphorylated PGAM1, active-site mutagenesis, in vitro enzymatic assay

    PMID:23653202

    Open questions at the time
    • Did not identify the physiological H11 kinase
    • Cellular context of Y26 phosphorylation not defined
  3. 2015 Medium

    The enzymatic role in cells and its metabolic consequences were directly demonstrated, linking PGAM1 catalysis to aerobic glycolysis and the oxidative pentose phosphate pathway in cancer proliferation.

    Evidence RNAi knockdown with 3-PG/2-PG metabolite measurement and xenograft model in bladder cancer

    PMID:26655504

    Open questions at the time
    • Did not resolve how PGAM1 couples to the pentose phosphate pathway mechanistically
    • Single cancer context
  4. 2018 Medium

    Transcriptional and pathological-context regulators of PGAM1 were identified, placing the enzyme downstream of YAP–c-MYC, PI3K/Akt/mTOR, and NUDT7 in tumor metabolism and cartilage homeostasis.

    Evidence Co-IP/ChIP of YAP–c-MYC on the PGAM1 promoter; siRNA pathway profiling in PDAC; NUDT7-KO with PGAM1 rescue in chondrocytes

    PMID:29386088 PMID:30143643 PMID:30587459

    Open questions at the time
    • PDAC pathway placement relied on knockdown and western blots without direct binding
    • Mechanism connecting NUDT7 lipid metabolism to PGAM1 induction unresolved
  5. 2020 High

    Genetic loss-of-function and interaction studies revealed physiological and non-glycolytic roles, showing PGAM1 is required for glycolysis-supported mTORC1/TCR signaling in T cells and that it interacts with TGF-β in cardiac injury.

    Evidence T cell- and cardiac-specific Pgam1 knockout mice, metabolomics, Co-IP, signaling assays, in vivo injury models

    PMID:32709928 PMID:33168191 PMID:35674458

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether enzymatic vs. moonlighting activity drives the T cell phenotype not dissected
    • PGAM1-TGF-β interaction stoichiometry and direct binding interface undefined
  6. 2021 Medium

    A moonlighting function was established whereby PGAM1 sequesters the WIP1 phosphatase in the cytoplasm to sustain ATM signaling, explaining glioma therapy resistance independent of metabolism.

    Evidence knockdown/overexpression with WIP1 subcellular localization and DNA damage assays in glioma

    PMID:33860077

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct PGAM1-WIP1 binding not biochemically reconstituted
    • Whether catalytic activity is required for sequestration unknown
  7. 2022 Medium

    Succinylation and deubiquitination were shown to control PGAM1 activity and stability, with HAT1-written K99 succinylation required for activity and USP46 stabilizing the protein to drive glycolysis.

    Evidence K99R mutagenesis, succinylation and ubiquitination assays, Co-IP, tumor models in HCC and TNBC

    PMID:35835856 PMID:36335636

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct enzymatic mechanism of succinylation effect on the active site not structurally defined
    • USP46 deubiquitination linkage type not specified
  8. 2024 High

    The physiological histidine kinase for H11 and a second succinylation writer were identified, showing PKM2 phosphorylates PGAM1-H11 in a PEP-dependent, Src/Y119-gated manner and KAT2A succinylates K161 to boost activity.

    Evidence in vitro histidine kinase reconstitution, Co-IP, Y119 mutation/peptide disruption, MS; KAT2A Co-IP and site-specific succinylation

    PMID:38750259 PMID:38835015

    Open questions at the time
    • In vivo contribution of PKM2 histidine kinase activity to systemic glycolysis not quantified
    • Crosstalk between the multiple PTM sites unresolved
  9. 2025 Medium

    A competing network of ubiquitin ligases and deubiquitinases, plus mRNA-level regulators, was shown to set PGAM1 abundance, linking its stability to therapy resistance, senescence, and immune evasion.

    Evidence ubiquitination assays, Co-IP/IP-MS (SYVN1, UBE3C/SEC61G, UBE2S-OTUB2), RIP and mRNA stability assays (AUF1/MST1, METTL5/YTHDF1, NAT10), in vivo models

    PMID:39904430 PMID:39990664 PMID:40640077 PMID:40711448 PMID:41198892 PMID:42057886

    Open questions at the time
    • Hierarchy among competing ligases/DUBs not integrated
    • Some mRNA-modification reader interactions not rigorously confirmed
    • Most studies are single-lab and disease-specific
  10. 2026 Medium

    PGAM1 was connected to mitochondrial damage and immune modulation, driving VDAC1 oligomerization and cGAS-STING-dependent ferroptosis and shaping the tumor immune microenvironment via lactate.

    Evidence Co-IP (PGAM1-VDAC1), cardiomyocyte-specific KO, lactylation/ubiquitination crosstalk (JOSD1/AARS1), macrophage co-culture, in vivo models

    PMID:41651300 PMID:42049490 PMID:42204131

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether VDAC1 oligomerization requires PGAM1 catalysis is undefined
    • K251 ubiquitination-lactylation crosstalk mechanism not structurally resolved

Open questions

Synthesis pass · forward-looking unresolved questions
  • It remains unresolved how PGAM1's catalytic activity is mechanistically partitioned from its moonlighting protein-protein functions (WIP1 sequestration, VDAC1 oligomerization, TGF-β binding), and how the layered PTM and stability inputs are integrated in vivo.
  • No catalytic-dead separation-of-function mutants tested across moonlighting phenotypes
  • No integrated model of competing PTM/stability inputs
  • Structural basis of non-glycolytic protein interactions unknown

Mechanism profile

Synthesis pass · controlled-vocabulary classification · explore literature graph →
Molecular activity
GO:0016853 isomerase activity 2 GO:0140096 catalytic activity, acting on a protein 1 GO:0140313 molecular sequestering activity 1
Localization
GO:0005739 mitochondrion 1 GO:0005829 cytosol 1
Pathway
R-HSA-1430728 Metabolism 2 R-HSA-168256 Immune System 2 R-HSA-392499 Metabolism of proteins 2
Partners
ACTG1OTUB2PKM2SYVN1TGFB1USP46VDAC1WIP1

Evidence

Reading pass · 27 per-paper findings extracted from the source corpus
Year Finding Method Journal Conf PMIDs
2013 Y26 phosphorylation of PGAM1 enhances its activation by releasing inhibitory E19 that blocks the active site, stabilizing cofactor 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate binding and H11 phosphorylation. Crystal structure of H11-phosphorylated PGAM1 revealed that phospho-H11 activates PGAM1 at least in part by promoting substrate 3-phosphoglycerate binding. Crystal structure determination, active-site mutagenesis, in vitro enzymatic assay Nature communications High 23653202
2024 PKM2 moonlights as a histidine kinase to phosphorylate PGAM1 at H11 in a phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP)-dependent manner, activating PGAM1. Monomeric and dimeric (but not tetrameric) PKM2 are efficient for this phosphorylation. Src-catalyzed PGAM1 Y119 phosphorylation (induced by EGF signaling) is a prerequisite for PKM2 binding and subsequent H11 phosphorylation. Disruption of Y119 phosphorylation (via peptide or mutation) blocks the PGAM1-PKM2 interaction and dampens glycolysis shunts and tumor growth. In vitro kinase assay, Co-IP, mutagenesis (Y119 mutation), cell-permeable peptide disruption, mass spectrometry The EMBO journal High 38750259
2022 Aspirin reduces PGAM1 succinylation at K99, suppressing PGAM1 enzymatic activity and glycolysis in hepatoma cells. Mechanistically, NF-κB p65 upregulates HAT1 (the succinylation writer for PGAM1), and aspirin reduces HAT1 expression via NF-κB. The PGAM1-K99R mutant failed to rescue aspirin-induced inhibition of PGAM1 activity, glycolysis, and proliferation, confirming K99 succinylation is functionally required. Site-directed mutagenesis (K99R), western blotting for succinylation, enzymatic activity assay, RNA-seq, in vivo tumor model Acta pharmacologica Sinica High 35835856
2024 KAT2A interacts with PGAM1 and promotes its succinylation at the K161 residue, enhancing PGAM1 enzymatic activity and glycolysis in hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Astragaloside IV downregulates KAT2A, reducing PGAM1 succinylation and glycolysis. Co-immunoprecipitation, immunofluorescence, site-specific succinylation assay, PGAM1 inhibition rescue experiment, xenograft model BMC cancer Medium 38835015
2022 USP46 directly interacts with PGAM1 and enhances its protein stability by reducing PGAM1 ubiquitination, thereby stimulating glycolysis and promoting TNBC cell growth and metastasis. Co-IP, ubiquitination assay, overexpression/knockdown functional assays Cell biology international Medium 36335636
2025 SEC61G stabilizes PGAM1 protein by competitively inhibiting the E3 ubiquitin ligase UBE3C, preventing proteasomal degradation of PGAM1 and thereby enhancing glycolysis to support brain metastatic colonization in NSCLC. Co-IP, ubiquitination assay, transcriptomics, pharmacological inhibition, in vivo brain metastasis model International journal of biological sciences Medium 39990664
2025 UBE2S interacts with PGAM1 and OTUB2 to inhibit K48-linked deubiquitylation of PGAM1, increasing PGAM1 protein levels, promoting DNA repair and reducing apoptosis, thereby decreasing GBM cell sensitivity to temozolomide. Immunoprecipitation coupled with mass spectrometry, Co-IP, ubiquitination assay, in vivo GBM mouse model International journal of biological macromolecules Medium 39904430
2025 SYVN1 (E3 ubiquitin ligase) mediates K48-linked polyubiquitination and proteasomal degradation of PGAM1. Dihydrotanshinone I (DHT) induces this SYVN1-mediated degradation, disrupting glycolytic flux and suppressing HCC tumor growth. Proteasomal degradation assay, ubiquitination assay, in vitro glycolytic enzyme activity measurements, orthotopic and subcutaneous xenograft models Phytotherapy research : PTR Medium 40640077
2026 JOSD1 deubiquitinase, together with AARS1, regulates a ubiquitination-lactylation crosstalk at K251 of PGAM1, stabilizing PGAM1, enhancing its enzymatic activity, and promoting lactate accumulation that impairs CD8+ T cell function in HCC. Multi-omics analysis, Co-IP, ubiquitination assay, lactylation detection, cell line and animal model experiments Gut Medium 42049490
2023 PGAM1 inhibition promotes hepatocellular carcinoma cell ferroptosis by downregulating Lipocalin (LCN2) via energy stress and ROS-dependent AKT inhibition, which also downregulates PD-L1. An allosteric PGAM1 inhibitor (KH3) synergizes with anti-PD-1 immunotherapy in HCC models. In vitro and in vivo functional experiments, allosteric inhibitor (KH3), PDX models, subcutaneous and orthotopic HCC models Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) Medium 37705495
2019 An allosteric PGAM1 inhibitor (KH3), developed by structure-guided optimization, significantly suppresses PDAC cell proliferation by downregulating glycolysis and mitochondrial respiration in correlation with PGAM1 expression, similar to genetic PGAM1 depletion. Structure-guided drug design, cell proliferation assay, metabolic flux analysis (glycolysis/mitochondrial respiration), PDX models Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America Medium 31662475
2018 The S1P/S1PR3 axis inhibits YAP phosphorylation and promotes nuclear translocation of YAP, contributing to formation of a YAP-c-MYC complex that enhances transcription of PGAM1. This was shown by Co-IP of YAP-c-MYC interaction and ChIP demonstrating binding of YAP and c-MYC to the PGAM1 promoter. Co-immunoprecipitation (YAP-c-MYC), chromatin immunoprecipitation (PGAM1 promoter), luciferase reporter assay, RNA sequencing, XF96 metabolic flux analyzer EBioMedicine Medium 30587459
2021 PGAM1 overexpression in glioma prevents inactivation of the ATM signaling pathway by sequestering the phosphatase WIP1 in the cytoplasm, promoting DNA damage response and conferring radio- and chemoresistance. Genetic inhibition of PGAM1 sensitizes glioma cells to DNA damage. Genetic knockdown/overexpression, subcellular fractionation/localization of WIP1, DNA damage assays Molecular & cellular oncology Medium 33860077
2020 T cell-specific deletion of Pgam1 in mice attenuates both CD8 and CD4 T cell-dependent immune responses. Glycolysis (via PGAM1) augments mTORC1 and TCR signaling, and glutamine acts as a metabolic hub by increasing intracellular glutamine levels required to augment glycolysis and mTORC1 activity in activated T cells. T cell-specific Pgam1 knockout mice, metabolomics (Soga lab), mTORC1 and TCR signaling assays, in vivo immune challenge models Communications biology High 32709928
2018 PGAM1 promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of PDAC cells by regulating the Wnt/β-catenin pathway and is itself modulated by the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway as a novel downstream target. PGAM1 also has a positive mutual regulation with HIF-1α. siRNA silencing, western blotting for pathway components, proliferation/migration/invasion assays in pancreatic cancer cell lines Oncology research Low 29386088
2023 Exosomal PGAM1 from prostate cancer cells binds to γ-actin (ACTG1) in HUVECs, promoting podosome formation and neovascular sprouting. PGAM1 also promotes invadopodia formation in PCa cells. GST pulldown, Co-immunoprecipitation, gelatin degradation assay, in vivo lung metastasis model (tail vein injection) Cell death & disease Medium 37542027
2020 PGAM1 knockdown in breast cancer cells upregulates ASS1 expression through the cAMP/AMPK/CEBPB axis, suppressing proliferation, invasion, migration, and EMT. PGAM1 negatively regulates ASS1 expression via this signaling pathway. RNA sequencing, siRNA knockdown, pathway inhibitor assays, in vivo tumor models, immunohistochemistry Molecular oncology Low 35674458
2020 PGAM1 directly interacted with TGF-β (shown by Co-IP), and cardiac-specific PGAM1 knockout in mice protected against myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury by abrogating NF-κB, p38, JNK, and TGF-β signaling pathways, reducing inflammation, apoptosis, and fibrosis. Co-immunoprecipitation (PGAM1-TGF-β), cardiac-specific knockout mouse model, OGDR in vitro model, echocardiography, histology Biochemical and biophysical research communications Medium 33168191
2018 NUDT7 knockdown upregulates PGAM1 expression, and overexpression of PGAM1 in chondrocytes induces lipid accumulation, IL-1β upregulation, and apoptotic cell death. These negative effects of PGAM1 on cartilage homeostasis are reversed by co-introduction of NUDT7, placing PGAM1 downstream of NUDT7 in OA pathogenesis. NUDT7 knockout mice, genome-wide analysis, PGAM1 overexpression in chondrocytes, co-rescue experiment Nature communications Medium 30143643
2025 AUF1 (RNA-binding protein) promotes the decay of PGAM1 mRNA, suppressing glycolysis and cellular senescence. MST1 kinase phosphorylates AUF1, inactivating it and leading to PGAM1 mRNA stabilization and increased PGAM1 expression, accelerating senescence. mRNA decay assays, AUF1 overexpression/knockdown, MST1 kinase assay, RIP (RNA immunoprecipitation), proteomics profiling in human diploid fibroblasts Aging Medium 40711448
2025 METTL5 directly targets PGAM1 mRNA through m6A modification, and YTHDF1 (an m6A reader) recognizes and binds methylated PGAM1 mRNA, enhancing its stability and expression, thereby promoting glycolysis in NSCLC. m6A methylation assay, RNA stability assay, western blotting, metabolic flux measurement (Seahorse), rescue experiment with PGAM1 overexpression in METTL5 knockdown cells Oncology letters Low 42057886
2025 NAT10-mediated ac4C modification of PGAM1 mRNA enhances its stability, increasing PGAM1 expression and promoting glycolysis and cell stemness in ovarian cancer. NAT10 silencing reduced ac4C levels on PGAM1 mRNA and inhibited glycolysis; re-expression of PGAM1 reversed these effects. RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP), ac4C-specific RIP, RNA stability assay, sphere formation assay, dual-luciferase reporter, in vivo tumor growth Scientific reports Medium 41198892
2026 PGAM1 promotes pathological oligomerization of VDAC1; this PGAM1-VDAC1 interaction (shown by Co-IP) triggers collapse of mitochondrial quality control and ER stress, leading to cytosolic leakage of mitochondrial DNA that activates the cGAS-STING pathway, ultimately causing cardiomyocyte ferroptosis in doxorubicin cardiotoxicity. Co-immunoprecipitation (PGAM1-VDAC1), cardiomyocyte-specific PGAM1 knockout mice, pharmacological VDAC1 oligomerization induction/inhibition, echocardiography, immunofluorescence, western blotting Free radical biology & medicine Medium 41651300
2015 PGAM1 knockdown in bladder cancer cells upregulates its substrate 3-PG and downregulates its product 2-PG, demonstrating its enzymatic role in the glycolytic step from 3-PG to 2-PG, and consequently inhibits aerobic glycolysis and the oxidative pentose phosphate pathway essential for cancer cell proliferation. RNAi knockdown, metabolite measurement (3-PG, 2-PG), in vivo xenograft model Journal of proteomics Medium 26655504
2023 RFX6 transcription factor binds to the promoter region of PGAM1 and upregulates its expression (ChIP confirmed), leading to enhanced glycolysis and HCC cell growth and metastasis. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (RFX6 on PGAM1 promoter), untargeted metabolome profiling, functional assays in vitro and in vivo Clinical and translational medicine Medium 38093528
2026 PGAM1 knockdown induces G2/M cell cycle arrest in TNBC cells and impairs glycolytic flux by reducing rate-limiting enzyme activities and pyruvate entry into the TCA cycle. Reduced lactate secretion following PGAM1 knockdown inhibits M2-type tumor-associated macrophage polarization in co-culture systems. siRNA knockdown, cell cycle analysis, glycolytic enzyme activity assay, metabolic flux measurement, macrophage co-culture system IUBMB life Medium 42204131
1982 The PGAM1 (PGAMA) gene was assigned to human chromosome 10q26.1 (or 10q25.3) by gene dosage studies in patients with chromosomal trisomy or monosomy for that region. Gene dosage studies in erythrocytes from chromosomally abnormal patients Annales de genetique Medium 6282177

Source papers

Stage 0 corpus · 61 papers · ranked by NIH iCite citations
Year Title Journal Citations PMID
2018 S1P/S1PR3 axis promotes aerobic glycolysis by YAP/c-MYC/PGAM1 axis in osteosarcoma. EBioMedicine 107 30587459
2013 Tyr26 phosphorylation of PGAM1 provides a metabolic advantage to tumours by stabilizing the active conformation. Nature communications 90 23653202
2023 PGAM1 Inhibition Promotes HCC Ferroptosis and Synergizes with Anti-PD-1 Immunotherapy. Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) 82 37705495
2018 Dysregulation of the NUDT7-PGAM1 axis is responsible for chondrocyte death during osteoarthritis pathogenesis. Nature communications 59 30143643
2023 Exosomal PGAM1 promotes prostate cancer angiogenesis and metastasis by interacting with ACTG1. Cell death & disease 58 37542027
2022 Targeting PGAM1 in cancer: An emerging therapeutic opportunity. European journal of medicinal chemistry 45 36215859
2015 Proteomics identification of PGAM1 as a potential therapeutic target for urothelial bladder cancer. Journal of proteomics 45 26655504
2019 An allosteric PGAM1 inhibitor effectively suppresses pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 41 31662475
2018 Phosphoglycerate Mutase 1 (PGAM1) Promotes Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma (PDAC) Metastasis by Acting as a Novel Downstream Target of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR Pathway. Oncology research 41 29386088
2020 Circ-PGAM1 promotes malignant progression of epithelial ovarian cancer through regulation of the miR-542-3p/CDC5L/PEAK1 pathway. Cancer medicine 37 32167655
2022 Aspirin modulates succinylation of PGAM1K99 to restrict the glycolysis through NF-κB/HAT1/PGAM1 signaling in liver cancer. Acta pharmacologica Sinica 35 35835856
2020 T cell-specific deletion of Pgam1 reveals a critical role for glycolysis in T cell responses. Communications biology 35 32709928
2020 PGAM1, regulated by miR-3614-5p, functions as an oncogene by activating transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling in the progression of non-small cell lung carcinoma. Cell death & disease 33 32855383
1982 Assignment of phosphoglycerate mutase (PGAMA) to human chromosome 10. Regional mapping of GOT1 and PGAMA to subbands 10q26.1 (or q25.3). Annales de genetique 33 6282177
2022 LPA/LPAR1 signaling induces PGAM1 expression via AKT/mTOR/HIF-1α pathway and increases aerobic glycolysis, contributing to keratinocyte proliferation. Life sciences 28 36400203
2024 PKM2 functions as a histidine kinase to phosphorylate PGAM1 and increase glycolysis shunts in cancer. The EMBO journal 27 38750259
2011 3,4,5-tri-O-caffeoylquinic acid inhibits amyloid β-mediated cellular toxicity on SH-SY5Y cells through the upregulation of PGAM1 and G3PDH. Cytotechnology 27 21424281
2015 Expression of PGAM1 in renal clear cell carcinoma and its clinical significance. International journal of clinical and experimental pathology 26 26464696
2024 Astragaloside IV inhibits cell viability and glycolysis of hepatocellular carcinoma by regulating KAT2A-mediated succinylation of PGAM1. BMC cancer 23 38835015
2022 PGAM1 regulation of ASS1 contributes to the progression of breast cancer through the cAMP/AMPK/CEBPB pathway. Molecular oncology 23 35674458
2023 RFX6 facilitates aerobic glycolysis-mediated growth and metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma through targeting PGAM1. Clinical and translational medicine 21 38093528
2018 Identification of PGAM1 as a putative therapeutic target for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma metastasis using quantitative proteomics. OncoTargets and therapy 18 29922073
2022 PGAM1 Promotes Glycolytic Metabolism and Paclitaxel Resistance via Pyruvic Acid Production in Ovarian Cancer Cells. Frontiers in bioscience (Landmark edition) 17 36224008
2023 MicroRNA-324-3p inhibits osteosarcoma progression by suppressing PGAM1-mediated aerobic glycolysis. Cancer science 14 36880587
2020 PGAM1 deficiency ameliorates myocardial infarction remodeling by targeting TGF-β via the suppression of inflammation, apoptosis and fibrosis. Biochemical and biophysical research communications 14 33168191
2015 PGAM1 is Involved in Spermatogenic Dysfunction and Affects Cell Proliferation, Apoptosis, and Migration. Reproductive sciences (Thousand Oaks, Calif.) 12 25701843
2021 A Schistosoma japonicum MicroRNA Exerts Antitumor Effects Through Inhibition of Both Cell Migration and Angiogenesis by Targeting PGAM1. Frontiers in oncology 11 34221971
2021 3D-QSAR, Molecular Docking, and MD Simulations of Anthraquinone Derivatives as PGAM1 Inhibitors. Frontiers in pharmacology 11 34899321
2022 Ubiquitin specific protease 46 potentiates triple negative breast cancer development by stabilizing PGAM1-mediated glycolysis. Cell biology international 10 36335636
2015 Proteomic Analysis Reveals PGAM1 Altering cis-9, trans-11 Conjugated Linoleic Acid Synthesis in Bovine Mammary Gland. Lipids 10 25820808
2025 SEC61G Facilitates Brain Metastases via Antagonizing PGAM1 Ubiquitination and Immune Microenvironment Remodeling in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. International journal of biological sciences 9 39990664
2021 Phosphoglycerate mutase 1 (PGAM1) overexpression promotes radio- and chemoresistance in gliomas by activating the DNA damage response. Molecular & cellular oncology 9 33860077
2021 In Silico Drug Screening Analysis against the Overexpression of PGAM1 Gene in Different Cancer Treatments. BioMed research international 9 34195264
2021 In silico-based identification of phytochemicals as novel human phosphoglycerate mutase 1 (PGAM1) inhibitors for cancer therapy. Pakistan journal of pharmaceutical sciences 9 34275800
2021 PGAM1 regulates the glycolytic metabolism of SCs in tibetan sheep and its influence on the development of SCs. Gene 9 34418471
2018 The Design and Synthesis of N-Xanthone Benzenesulfonamides as Novel Phosphoglycerate Mutase 1 (PGAM1) Inhibitors. Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) 9 29890679
2024 Pan-Cancer Analysis of PGAM1 and Its Experimental Validation in Uveal Melanoma Progression. Journal of Cancer 8 38434965
2023 Identification of human phosphoglycerate mutase 1 (PGAM1) inhibitors using hybrid virtual screening approaches. PeerJ 8 37051414
2022 Matrine induces hepatocellular carcinoma apoptosis and represses EMT and stemness through microRNA-299-3p/PGAM1 axis. Growth factors (Chur, Switzerland) 8 36260520
2024 PGAM1 suppression remodels the tumor microenvironment in triple-negative breast cancer and synergizes with anti-PD-1 immunotherapy. Journal of leukocyte biology 7 38478709
2022 Effects of Pgam1-mediated glycolysis pathway in Sertoli cells on Spermatogonial stem cells based on transcriptomics and energy metabolomics. Frontiers in veterinary science 7 36213420
2019 PGAM1 knockdown is associated with busulfan‑induced hypospermatogenesis and spermatogenic cell apoptosis. Molecular medicine reports 7 30720109
2025 Ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2S decreases the sensitivity of glioblastoma cells to temozolomide by upregulating PGAM1 via the interaction with OTUB2. International journal of biological macromolecules 5 39904430
2025 PGAM1: a potential therapeutic target mediating Wnt/β-catenin signaling drives breast cancer progression. Discover oncology 4 39934550
2025 Dihydrotanshinone I Targets PGAM1 to Induce SYVN1-Mediated Ubiquitination and Suppress Glycolysis in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Phytotherapy research : PTR 4 40640077
2021 PGAM1 and TP53 mRNA levels in canine mammary carcinomas - Short communication. Acta veterinaria Hungarica 4 33844639
2022 Circ-PGAM1 Enhances Matrine Resistance of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer via the miR-326/CXCR5 Axis. Cancer biotherapy & radiopharmaceuticals 3 36576783
2025 NAT10 promotes glycolysis and cell stemness of ovarian cancer cells via ac4C acetylation of PGAM1 mRNA. Scientific reports 2 41198892
2025 RNA-binding protein AUF1 suppresses cellular senescence and glycolysis by targeting PDP2 and PGAM1 mRNAs. Aging 1 40711448
2023 CircRNA PGAM1 Promotes the Migration and Invasion of Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma Cells by Activating the AKT/mTOR Signaling Pathway. Molecular biotechnology 1 37702882
2026 PGAM1-dependent VDAC1 oligomerization disrupts mitochondrial quality control to drive doxorubicin cardiotoxicity via the cGAS-STING-ferroptosis axis. Free radical biology & medicine 0 41651300
2026 Lactylation-Mediated METTL14 Promotes Glycolysis Through Facilitating PGAM1 m6A Methylation in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Immunological investigations 0 42023502
2026 Estrogen ameliorates Caerulein-induced inflammatory injuries and oxidative stress in acute pancreatitis via STAT3/PGAM1 signaling. Immunobiology 0 42044555
2026 JOSD1 drives hepatocellular carcinoma malignancy by modulating the ubiquitination-lactylation switch on PGAM1. Gut 0 42049490
2026 METTL5 reprograms glycolytic metabolism and promotes non-small cell lung cancer progression by modifying PGAM1. Oncology letters 0 42057886
2026 Utilizing drugs, food, and natural product libraries: A computational approach to targeting PGAM1 in clinical cancer therapy. Medicine 0 42116375
2026 PGAM1 Orchestrates Cell Cycle Progression, Glycolytic Reprogramming, and Immunosuppressive Microenvironment in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. IUBMB life 0 42204131
2025 LncRNA SPINT1-AS1 enhances the Warburg effect and promotes the progression of osteosarcoma via the miR-135b-5p/PGAM1 axis. Cancer cell international 0 40170094
2025 ILKAP drives hepatocellular carcinoma progression by modulating PGAM1-mediated glycolytic reprogramming. Frontiers of medicine 0 41454076
2023 CircDUS2L (circ_0039908) promotes lung adenocarcinoma progression by upregulating PGAM1 by acting as a miR-590-5p molecular sponge. Journal of biochemical and molecular toxicology 0 37392398
2021 [Dynamic changes of the PGAM1 expression in the mouse testis exposed to single heat stress]. Zhonghua nan ke xue = National journal of andrology 0 34914252

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