Affinage

CHPT1

Cholinephosphotransferase 1 · UniProt Q8WUD6

Round 2 corrected
Length
406 aa
Mass
45.1 kDa
Annotated
2026-04-28
106 papers in source corpus 12 papers cited in narrative 13 extracted findings

Mechanistic narrative

Synthesis pass · prose summary of the discoveries below

CHPT1 is a Golgi-localized integral membrane cholinephosphotransferase that catalyzes the final step of the CDP-choline (Kennedy) pathway, transferring phosphocholine from CDP-choline to diacylglycerol to produce phosphatidylcholine (PC) with strict specificity for choline headgroups and a preference for PUFA-containing ether-linked diacylglycerol substrates (PMID:10893425, PMID:34331935). CHPT1 requires phospholipid cofactors and Mg²⁺ for activity and accounts for approximately half of cellular PC synthesis, complementing ER-localized CEPT1; however, Golgi-derived CHPT1 PC is functionally distinct from CEPT1-derived PC, as it does not participate in feedback regulation of the rate-limiting enzyme CCTα or in lipid droplet biogenesis (PMID:34331935, PMID:36871755). Crystal structures of the yeast ortholog in substrate-bound states have defined the catalytic mechanism and the determinants of DAG acyl-chain and headgroup selectivity for the CDP-alcohol phosphatidyltransferase family (PMID:12221122). Aberrant upregulation of CHPT1 via super-enhancer reprogramming drives PC accumulation that confers enzalutamide resistance in castration-resistant prostate cancer and chemoresistance in colorectal cancer models (PMID:32917955, PMID:41827872).

Mechanistic history

Synthesis pass · year-by-year structured walk · 11 steps
  1. 1987 High

    Identification of yeast CPT1 as the structural gene for cholinephosphotransferase established the genetic basis for the terminal step of the Kennedy pathway and showed it is distinct from ethanolaminephosphotransferase and nonessential for viability.

    Evidence Genetic complementation, Tn5 transposon mutagenesis, and membrane enzyme kinetics in S. cerevisiae

    PMID:3029130

    Open questions at the time
    • Human ortholog not yet cloned
    • Protein topology not experimentally validated
    • No structural information
  2. 1991 High

    Detailed biochemical characterization of yeast CPT1 versus EPT1 defined the substrate specificity (CDP-choline selectivity), phospholipid cofactor requirement, and inhibitor sensitivity that distinguish the two enzymes, and comparative sequence analysis identified conserved active-site motifs and predicted seven-transmembrane topology.

    Evidence Mixed micellar enzyme assays with null mutant membranes, gene sequencing, and structural homology analysis

    PMID:1847919 PMID:1848238 PMID:2153142

    Open questions at the time
    • Topology based on prediction, not experimental determination
    • Cofactor binding mechanism unresolved
    • No mammalian gene identified
  3. 1994 High

    Discovery that CPT1 is required for inositol-dependent transcriptional regulation of phospholipid biosynthetic genes in yeast revealed a regulatory role beyond its catalytic function.

    Evidence Radiolabeled phospholipid incorporation and Northern blot in cpt1/ept1 null mutants with inositol/choline supplementation

    PMID:7961831

    Open questions at the time
    • Mechanism by which CPT1 influences transcriptional regulation unknown
    • Whether this regulatory role is conserved in mammals undetermined
  4. 2000 High

    Cloning of human CHPT1 established it as a choline-specific phosphotransferase that synthesizes PC but not PE, distinct from the dual-specificity CEPT1, with tissue-variable expression and unique diradylglycerol substrate preferences.

    Evidence cDNA cloning, in vitro enzyme assays, yeast complementation, and tissue expression profiling by Northern/RT-PCR

    PMID:10893425

    Open questions at the time
    • Subcellular localization of human enzyme not yet determined
    • No structural data for human protein
    • Physiological significance of tissue-specific expression unknown
  5. 2002 High

    Demonstration that CHPT1 localizes to the Golgi apparatus while CEPT1 resides in the ER/nuclear membrane established that the terminal step of the Kennedy pathway operates in two distinct organellar compartments.

    Evidence Immunofluorescence with brefeldin A perturbation, subcellular fractionation, and colocalization with Golgi markers

    PMID:12221122

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether the two pools of PC have distinct physiological functions was unknown
    • Sub-Golgi localization (cis vs trans) not resolved in this study
  6. 2002 Low

    Elevated CHPT1 activity in breast cancer cells and identification of a potential phosphoregulatory S323Y variant first linked CHPT1 to cancer metabolism.

    Evidence Enzyme activity assay and cDNA sequencing comparing tumorigenic and non-tumorigenic mammary epithelial cells

    PMID:12359261

    Open questions at the time
    • Tyrosine phosphorylation not experimentally demonstrated
    • Single cell-line comparison without in vivo validation
    • Causality between CHPT1 activity elevation and tumorigenesis not tested
  7. 2020 Medium

    Super-enhancer reprogramming at the CHPT1 locus was shown to drive androgen-independent CHPT1 upregulation and enzalutamide resistance in prostate cancer, providing a mechanistic link between epigenetic deregulation, PC accumulation, and drug resistance.

    Evidence H3K27ac ChIP-seq, AR ChIP, enhancer RNA–BRD4 interaction, CHPT1 overexpression/knockdown in cell lines and xenograft models

    PMID:32917955

    Open questions at the time
    • Precise downstream mechanism connecting excess PC to resistance phenotype not delineated
    • Generalizability to other cancer types not established at this time
  8. 2021 High

    CRISPR-KO studies quantified CHPT1's contribution to ~50% of cellular PC synthesis and revealed its preference for alkyl-acyl PUFA-containing substrates, while showing that CHPT1-derived PC does not regulate CCTα or lipid droplet biogenesis—functions reserved for CEPT1-derived PC.

    Evidence CRISPR-KO in HEK293 cells with metabolic labeling, LC-MS/MS lipidomics, and CCTα/lipid droplet analysis

    PMID:34331935

    Open questions at the time
    • Biological function of Golgi-specific PC pool remains undefined
    • Whether CHPT1-derived PC preferentially supplies specific membrane compartments unknown
  9. 2023 High

    Independent confirmation in U2OS cells cemented the organelle-specific functional dichotomy: Golgi-localized CHPT1-derived PC is functionally distinct from ER-localized CEPT1-derived PC, with only the latter participating in CCTα feedback and lipid droplet formation.

    Evidence CRISPR-KO cell lines with PC liposome rescue, CCTα localization imaging, and lipid droplet quantification

    PMID:36871755

    Open questions at the time
    • How Golgi-derived PC is distributed to downstream membranes unknown
    • Whether CHPT1 loss has phenotypic consequences in vivo in mammals untested
  10. 2024 High

    Crystal structures of yeast CPT1 in multiple substrate-bound and inhibitor-bound states defined the catalytic mechanism and structural determinants of DAG acyl-chain and headgroup selectivity for the entire CDP-alcohol phosphatidyltransferase family.

    Evidence X-ray crystallography, site-directed mutagenesis, inhibitor co-crystallization, functional enzyme assays (preprint)

    Open questions at the time
    • Peer review pending
    • Human CHPT1 structure not determined
    • Inhibitor pharmacology in mammalian cells not characterized
  11. 2026 Medium

    CHPT1 overexpression was shown to be sufficient to drive chemoresistance in colorectal cancer cells, establishing CHPT1 as a causal mediator—not merely a correlate—of PC-dependent drug resistance across cancer types.

    Evidence CHPT1 overexpression in chemosensitive SW620 cells, lipidomic profiling, and edelfosine pharmacological perturbation

    PMID:41827872

    Open questions at the time
    • In vivo validation of CHPT1-targeted sensitization strategies not performed
    • Mechanism by which elevated PC confers chemoresistance not molecularly resolved

Open questions

Synthesis pass · forward-looking unresolved questions
  • The physiological function of the Golgi-specific PC pool produced by CHPT1, the in vivo consequences of CHPT1 loss in mammals, the precise mechanism linking CHPT1-driven PC accumulation to drug resistance, and a high-resolution structure of human CHPT1 all remain unresolved.
  • No mammalian in vivo loss-of-function model reported
  • Mechanism connecting excess PC to chemoresistance/enzalutamide resistance molecularly undefined
  • Human CHPT1 structure unavailable

Mechanism profile

Synthesis pass · controlled-vocabulary classification · explore literature graph →
Molecular activity
GO:0016740 transferase activity 5
Localization
GO:0005794 Golgi apparatus 3
Pathway
R-HSA-1430728 Metabolism 6
Partners
BRD4CEPT1

Evidence

Reading pass · 13 per-paper findings extracted from the source corpus
Year Finding Method Journal Conf PMIDs
1987 The S. cerevisiae CPT1 gene encodes the sn-1,2-diacylglycerol cholinephosphotransferase (an ortholog of human CHPT1). Genetic complementation and insertional mutagenesis established CPT1 as the structural gene for cholinephosphotransferase, demonstrating it is distinct from the ethanolaminephosphotransferase gene and is nonessential for growth. Kinetic analysis of cpt1 mutant membranes revealed altered apparent KM for CDP-choline and increased sensitivity to CMP inhibition. Colony autoradiographic enzyme assay, genetic complementation, Tn5 transposon mutagenesis, integrative transformation, membrane enzyme kinetics The Journal of biological chemistry High 3029130
1990 Full sequencing of the yeast CPT1 gene revealed an open reading frame encoding 407 amino acids with an intron near the 5'-end. Predictive topological analysis indicated seven transmembrane helices with an asymmetric distribution of hydrophilic regions. Regional protein homologies to CDP-utilizing enzymes suggested a functional active site. The CPT1 promoter contains elements homologous to other phospholipid biosynthetic genes, and a 46,305-dalton cholinephosphotransferase gene product was characterized. Nucleotide sequencing, S1 nuclease mapping, Northern hybridization, transmembrane topology prediction The Journal of biological chemistry Medium 2153142
1991 Comparative analysis of yeast CPT1 and EPT1 gene products identified a presumptive active site region containing highly conserved and divergent subregions and a common mononucleotide binding site. Both predicted proteins share similar membrane topography (seven transmembrane helices) and secondary structure features, establishing a structural basis for their functional similarity. Nucleotide sequencing, amino acid sequence homology analysis, predictive structural analysis The Journal of biological chemistry Medium 1848238
1991 Using mixed micellar assays of membranes from cpt1 and ept1 null mutants, the yeast CPT1 gene product was shown to require phospholipid cofactors for activity (half-maximal activation at low mole fractions), to have relative specificity for CDP-choline and CDP-dimethylethanolamine (in contrast to EPT1's broader specificity), and to exhibit distinct dioleoylglycerol dependence, Mg2+ activation, and CMP inhibition profiles from EPT1. A cpt1 ept1 double null mutant lacked all choline- and ethanolaminephosphotransferase activity yet remained viable, establishing both enzymes as nonessential. Mixed micellar in vitro enzyme assays, haploid double null mutant construction, substrate specificity and inhibition kinetics The Journal of biological chemistry High 1847919
1994 In yeast, a functional CPT1 gene or its gene product is required for inositol-dependent transcriptional regulation of phospholipid synthesis. In cpt1 null strains, inositol fails to reduce 32Pi incorporation into phospholipids, and EPT1 transcript levels are unaffected by inositol, demonstrating that CPT1 participates in coordinate regulation of phospholipid biosynthesis beyond its enzymatic role. 32Pi radiolabeling of phospholipids, Northern hybridization, null mutant analysis (cpt1, ept1, cpt1ept1 strains), exogenous inositol/choline supplementation The Journal of biological chemistry High 7961831
2000 The human cholinephosphotransferase hCPT1 (human CHPT1) was cloned and shown to encode a cholinephosphotransferase-specific enzyme that synthesizes phosphatidylcholine exclusively (unlike hCEPT1 which also uses CDP-ethanolamine). In vitro enzyme assays and yeast complementation assays demonstrated its activity; hCPT1 and hCEPT1 differ in diradylglycerol specificities including capacity to synthesize platelet-activating factor precursor. hCPT1 mRNA is expressed most abundantly in testis, colon, small intestine, heart, prostate, and spleen (>100-fold variation between tissues). Unlike hCEPT1, hCPT1-derived activity could not complement yeast CPT1 in its interaction with SEC14 or affect cell growth. cDNA cloning, in vitro enzyme assays, yeast complementation assay, tissue expression by Northern/RT-PCR The Journal of biological chemistry High 10893425
2002 Human CHPT1 (CPT1) localizes to the Golgi apparatus, as demonstrated by brefeldin A treatment causing relocalization of CPT1 but not CEPT1, confirmed by co-immunofluorescence and subcellular fractionation with Golgi markers. CEPT1 localizes to the endoplasmic reticulum and nuclear membranes. This establishes that PC synthesis occurs in two distinct organellar compartments via these two enzymes. Immunofluorescence microscopy, brefeldin A relocalization assay, subcellular fractionation, colocalization with ER/Golgi/nuclear markers Molecular biology of the cell High 12221122
2002 Cholinephosphotransferase (CHPT1) activity is elevated ~1.5-fold in cancerous human mammary epithelial cells (11-9-14) compared to normal non-tumorigenic MCF-12A cells. A serine-to-tyrosine substitution at amino acid position 323 (S323Y) was identified in cancer cells, placing tyrosine in a phosphorylation consensus context (KSELYQDT), suggesting potential regulation by tyrosine phosphorylation. Enzyme activity assay, cDNA sequencing, sequence analysis of phosphorylation consensus sites Biochemical and biophysical research communications Low 12359261
2021 In human HEK293 cells, CHPT1 localizes to the trans-Golgi network while CEPT1 localizes to the endoplasmic reticulum. Loss of CEPT1 dramatically decreases overall choline PL biosynthesis (80% reduction in PE, 50% in PC), while CHPT1 KO also reduces PC synthesis by ~50%. LC-MS/MS analysis showed CHPT1 has higher preference than CEPT1 for synthesizing 1-alkyl-2-acyl-sn-glycerophosphocholine species containing PUFA. CHPT1 KO had no effect on CCTα regulation or lipid droplet biogenesis, whereas CEPT1 KO activated CCTα and altered lipid droplet formation. CRISPR-generated KO cells, immunohistochemical localization (trans-Golgi network markers), radiolabeled choline metabolic labeling, LC-MS/MS lipidomics, enzyme activity assays, CCTα localization analysis Journal of lipid research High 34331935
2020 Aberrant activation of a super-enhancer at the CHPT1 locus drives androgen-independent CHPT1 expression in enzalutamide-resistant castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) cells, conferring resistance to enzalutamide in vitro and in vivo. In enzalutamide-sensitive cells, AR binds a single CHPT1 enhancer for androgen-dependent expression; in resistant cells, AR shifts to a different enhancer within the CHPT1 super-enhancer locus. An enhancer RNA transcribed at the CHPT1 locus binds BRD4 and participates in regulating CHPT1 super-enhancer activity. Increased CHPT1 promotes phosphatidylcholine synthesis and confers drug resistance. H3K27ac ChIP-seq, AR ChIP, CHPT1 overexpression/knockdown in vitro and xenograft models, enhancer RNA identification and BRD4 binding assay Oncogene Medium 32917955
2023 CRISPR-generated CHPT1-KO U2OS cells showed 50% reduction in PC synthesis, but no effect on CCTα protein levels, phosphorylation status, nuclear membrane localization, or lipid droplet biogenesis, in contrast to CEPT1-KO cells. This establishes that Golgi-localized CHPT1-derived PC is functionally distinct from ER-localized CEPT1-derived PC: only CEPT1-synthesized PC participates in feedback regulation of the rate-limiting enzyme CCTα and in lipid droplet formation. CRISPR-KO cell lines, PC liposome rescue experiments, CCTα localization imaging, LD quantification, PC/PE synthesis measurements The Journal of biological chemistry High 36871755
2026 CHPT1 overexpression in chemosensitive SW620 colorectal cancer cells was sufficient to increase phosphatidylcholine content and confer a chemoresistant phenotype, establishing CHPT1 as a causal driver of chemoresistance. Enzymatic analysis and lipidomic profiling showed chemoresistant HT29 cells had significantly higher PC content and altered PC/LPC ratios. The alkyl-lysophospholipid edelfosine disrupts PC biosynthesis upstream of CHPT1 and enhances chemosensitivity in resistant cells. CHPT1 overexpression in cancer cell lines, lipidomic profiling, enzymatic analysis, edelfosine pharmacological perturbation, cell viability assays Cells Medium 41827872
2024 The crystal structure of yeast CPT1 (ortholog of human CHPT1) was determined in multiple substrate-bound states. Structural and functional analysis identified critical residues for diacylglycerol (DAG) acyl-chain preference and choline/ethanolamine head-group selectivity. A structure with a potent inhibitor was also determined, and an ensemble of structures enabled proposal of the reaction mechanism for phospholipid biosynthesis by the CDP-alcohol phosphatidyltransferase (CDP-AP) family. X-ray crystallography in multiple substrate-bound states, site-directed mutagenesis of binding-site residues, inhibitor co-crystallization, functional enzyme assays bioRxiv (preprint)preprint High

Source papers

Stage 0 corpus · 106 papers · ranked by NIH iCite citations
Year Title Journal Citations PMID
2002 Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 1479 12477932
2015 The BioPlex Network: A Systematic Exploration of the Human Interactome. Cell 1118 26186194
2017 Architecture of the human interactome defines protein communities and disease networks. Nature 1085 28514442
2015 A human interactome in three quantitative dimensions organized by stoichiometries and abundances. Cell 1015 26496610
2020 A reference map of the human binary protein interactome. Nature 849 32296183
2003 Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs. Nature genetics 754 14702039
2021 Dual proteome-scale networks reveal cell-specific remodeling of the human interactome. Cell 705 33961781
2011 Phylogenetic-based propagation of functional annotations within the Gene Ontology consortium. Briefings in bioinformatics 656 21873635
2020 Comparative host-coronavirus protein interaction networks reveal pan-viral disease mechanisms. Science (New York, N.Y.) 564 33060197
2021 Multilevel proteomics reveals host perturbations by SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV. Nature 532 33845483
2015 A Dynamic Protein Interaction Landscape of the Human Centrosome-Cilium Interface. Cell 433 26638075
2022 OpenCell: Endogenous tagging for the cartography of human cellular organization. Science (New York, N.Y.) 432 35271311
2021 A proximity-dependent biotinylation map of a human cell. Nature 339 34079125
2018 Chemoproteomics reveals baicalin activates hepatic CPT1 to ameliorate diet-induced obesity and hepatic steatosis. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 276 29891721
2014 Lipid catabolism via CPT1 as a therapeutic target for prostate cancer. Molecular cancer therapeutics 257 25122071
2002 The major sites of cellular phospholipid synthesis and molecular determinants of Fatty Acid and lipid head group specificity. Molecular biology of the cell 186 12221122
2014 Global mapping of herpesvirus-host protein complexes reveals a transcription strategy for late genes. Molecular cell 173 25544563
2020 UFMylation maintains tumour suppressor p53 stability by antagonizing its ubiquitination. Nature cell biology 168 32807901
2008 Systematic identification of mRNAs recruited to argonaute 2 by specific microRNAs and corresponding changes in transcript abundance. PloS one 148 18461144
2023 Mitochondrial morphology controls fatty acid utilization by changing CPT1 sensitivity to malonyl-CoA. The EMBO journal 145 36917141
2004 RORalpha regulates the expression of genes involved in lipid homeostasis in skeletal muscle cells: caveolin-3 and CPT-1 are direct targets of ROR. The Journal of biological chemistry 144 15199055
2009 Ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis of HuR by heat shock. The EMBO journal 142 19322201
1999 Distribution of CTP:phosphocholine cytidylyltransferase (CCT) isoforms. Identification of a new CCTbeta splice variant. The Journal of biological chemistry 123 10480912
2000 Cloning, genomic organization, and characterization of a human cholinephosphotransferase. The Journal of biological chemistry 94 10893425
2021 SARS-CoV-2-host proteome interactions for antiviral drug discovery. Molecular systems biology 86 34709727
2012 Increased mitochondrial activity in BMP7-treated brown adipocytes, due to increased CPT1- and CD36-mediated fatty acid uptake. Antioxidants & redox signaling 81 22938691
1987 Mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae defective in sn-1,2-diacylglycerol cholinephosphotransferase. Isolation, characterization, and cloning of the CPT1 gene. The Journal of biological chemistry 80 3029130
2022 The activation of PPARγ enhances Treg responses through up-regulating CD36/CPT1-mediated fatty acid oxidation and subsequent N-glycan branching of TβRII/IL-2Rα. Cell communication and signaling : CCS 79 35392915
2020 MSC-induced lncRNA AGAP2-AS1 promotes stemness and trastuzumab resistance through regulating CPT1 expression and fatty acid oxidation in breast cancer. Oncogene 78 33273726
1990 The sn-1,2-diacylglycerol cholinephosphotransferase of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Nucleotide sequence, transcriptional mapping, and gene product analysis of the CPT1 gene. The Journal of biological chemistry 75 2153142
2021 Targeted Inhibition of LPL/FABP4/CPT1 fatty acid metabolic axis can effectively prevent the progression of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis to liver cancer. International journal of biological sciences 70 34803493
1991 sn-1,2-diacylglycerol choline- and ethanolaminephosphotransferases in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Nucleotide sequence of the EPT1 gene and comparison of the CPT1 and EPT1 gene products. The Journal of biological chemistry 69 1848238
2017 Systematic protein-protein interaction mapping for clinically relevant human GPCRs. Molecular systems biology 58 28298427
1991 sn-1,2-diacylglycerol choline- and ethanolaminephosphotransferases in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Mixed micellar analysis of the CPT1 and EPT1 gene products. The Journal of biological chemistry 55 1847919
2002 Mobilization of the Vibrio pathogenicity island between Vibrio cholerae isolates mediated by CP-T1 generalized transduction. FEMS microbiology letters 52 12351223
2011 The effect of clozapine on the AMPK-ACC-CPT1 pathway in the rat frontal cortex. The international journal of neuropsychopharmacology 49 21733226
2002 Palmitate-induced cardiac apoptosis is mediated through CPT-1 but not influenced by glucose and insulin. American journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology 49 11788422
2021 A nanodrug system overexpressed circRNA_0001805 alleviates nonalcoholic fatty liver disease via miR-106a-5p/miR-320a and ABCA1/CPT1 axis. Journal of nanobiotechnology 48 34789275
2018 CPT1 regulates the proliferation of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells through the AMPK-p53-p21 pathway in pulmonary arterial hypertension. Molecular and cellular biochemistry 48 30511343
2022 NUDT21 limits CD19 levels through alternative mRNA polyadenylation in B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Nature immunology 46 36138187
2014 Targeting prostate cancer cell metabolism: impact of hexokinase and CPT-1 enzymes. Tumour biology : the journal of the International Society for Oncodevelopmental Biology and Medicine 44 25501281
1989 Normal muscle CPT1 and CPT2 activities in hepatic presentation patients with CPT1 deficiency in fibroblasts. Tissue specific isoforms of CPT1? Journal of the neurological sciences 44 2809620
2005 Signal sequence and keyword trap in silico for selection of full-length human cDNAs encoding secretion or membrane proteins from oligo-capped cDNA libraries. DNA research : an international journal for rapid publication of reports on genes and genomes 43 16303743
1994 Studies employing Saccharomyces cerevisiae cpt1 and ept1 null mutants implicate the CPT1 gene in coordinate regulation of phospholipid biosynthesis. The Journal of biological chemistry 43 7961831
2020 Aberrant activation of super enhancer and choline metabolism drive antiandrogen therapy resistance in prostate cancer. Oncogene 42 32917955
2014 The relation of diet with PAF and its metabolic enzymes in healthy volunteers. European journal of nutrition 39 24639073
2001 Hepatic carnitine palmitoyl transferase 1 (CPT1 A) deficiency in North American Hutterites (Canadian and American): evidence for a founder effect and results of a pilot study on a DNA-based newborn screening program. Molecular genetics and metabolism 35 11350183
2021 Differential contributions of choline phosphotransferases CPT1 and CEPT1 to the biosynthesis of choline phospholipids. Journal of lipid research 32 34331935
2021 Adiponectin ameliorates placental injury in gestational diabetes mice by correcting fatty acid oxidation/peroxide imbalance-induced ferroptosis via restoration of CPT-1 activity. Endocrine 32 34859390
1999 Alternative mechanism of cholera toxin acquisition by Vibrio cholerae: generalized transduction of CTXPhi by bacteriophage CP-T1. Infection and immunity 32 10531246
2010 HIV-protease inhibitors suppress skeletal muscle fatty acid oxidation by reducing CD36 and CPT1 fatty acid transporters. Biochimica et biophysica acta 31 20117238
2022 SARS-CoV-2 Nsp6 damages Drosophila heart and mouse cardiomyocytes through MGA/MAX complex-mediated increased glycolysis. Communications biology 29 36180527
2017 Obesity-alleviating potential of asiatic acid and its effects on ACC1, UCP2, and CPT1 mRNA expression in high fat diet-induced obese Sprague-Dawley rats. Molecular and cellular biochemistry 28 28993954
2012 Effect of chronic CPT-1 inhibition on myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (I/R) in a model of diet-induced obesity. Cardiovascular drugs and therapy 28 22407171
1984 Vibrio cholerae bacteriophage CP-T1: characterization of bacteriophage DNA and restriction analysis. Journal of virology 28 6328035
2014 Ananas comosus L. Leaf Phenols and p-Coumaric Acid Regulate Liver Fat Metabolism by Upregulating CPT-1 Expression. Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine : eCAM 27 25197313
2006 Variants within the muscle and liver isoforms of the carnitine palmitoyltransferase I (CPT1) gene interact with fat intake to modulate indices of obesity in French-Canadians. Journal of molecular medicine (Berlin, Germany) 26 17089095
2022 l-Carnitine therapy improves right heart dysfunction through Cpt1-dependent fatty acid oxidation. Pulmonary circulation 25 35911183
2012 Acetyl-L-carnitine supplementation reverses the age-related decline in carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT1) activity in interfibrillar mitochondria without changing the L-carnitine content in the rat heart. Mechanisms of ageing and development 25 22322067
1994 CPT-1 inhibition by etomoxir has a chamber-related action on cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum and isomyosins. The American journal of physiology 25 7810710
2023 Differential contributions of phosphotransferases CEPT1 and CHPT1 to phosphatidylcholine homeostasis and lipid droplet biogenesis. The Journal of biological chemistry 24 36871755
2022 A Whole-Genome CRISPR Screen Identifies AHR Loss as a Mechanism of Resistance to a PARP7 Inhibitor. Molecular cancer therapeutics 24 35439318
1998 Expression of novel isoforms of carnitine palmitoyltransferase I (CPT-1) generated by alternative splicing of the CPT-ibeta gene. The Biochemical journal 24 9693124
2019 The PPARδ Agonist GW501516 Improves Lipolytic/Lipogenic Balance through CPT1 and PEPCK during the Development of Pre-Implantation Bovine Embryos. International journal of molecular sciences 23 31810173
2022 ESCPE-1 mediates retrograde endosomal sorting of the SARS-CoV-2 host factor Neuropilin-1. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 22 35696571
2011 A high-fat diet reduces ceramide synthesis by decreasing adiponectin levels and decreases lipid content by modulating HMG-CoA reductase and CPT-1 mRNA expression in the skin. Molecular nutrition & food research 20 21732532
2010 Aerobic exercise's reversal of insulin resistance by activating AMPKα-ACC-CPT1 signaling in the skeletal muscle of C57BL/6 mice. International journal of sport nutrition and exercise metabolism 20 20975105
2022 Quercetin: a silent retarder of fatty acid oxidation in breast cancer metastasis through steering of mitochondrial CPT1. Breast cancer (Tokyo, Japan) 19 35511410
2021 Carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT1) alleviates oxidative stress and apoptosis of hippocampal neuron in response to beta-Amyloid peptide fragment Aβ25-35. Bioengineered 19 34424821
2002 Differential expression of cholinephosphotransferase in normal and cancerous human mammary epithelial cells. Biochemical and biophysical research communications 19 12359261
2020 Terpenoids from Resina Commiphora Regulating Lipid Metabolism via Activating PPARα and CPT1 Expression. Organic letters 18 32301324
1985 Bacteriophage CP-T1 of Vibrio cholerae. Identification of the cell surface receptor. European journal of biochemistry 18 4065151
2004 Carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1 (CPT-1) activity stimulation by cerulenin via sympathetic nervous system activation overrides cerulenin's peripheral effect. Endocrinology 17 15044358
2024 Reversing metabolic reprogramming by CPT1 inhibition with etomoxir promotes cardiomyocyte proliferation and heart regeneration via DUSP1 ADP-ribosylation-mediated p38 MAPK phosphorylation. Acta pharmaceutica Sinica. B 16 40041918
2022 Atorvastatin ameliorates lipid overload-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and myocardial hypertrophy by decreasing fatty acid oxidation through inactivation of the p-STAT3/CPT1 pathway. Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie 15 36402030
2021 Exogenous L-carnitine ameliorates burn-induced cellular and mitochondrial injury of hepatocytes by restoring CPT1 activity. Nutrition & metabolism 15 34167568
2020 Antiobesity and anti-inflammation effects of Hakka stir-fried tea of different storage years on high-fat diet-induced obese mice model via activating the AMPK/ACC/CPT1 pathway. Food & nutrition research 15 32577118
2023 L-carnitine alleviates synovitis in knee osteoarthritis by regulating lipid accumulation and mitochondrial function through the AMPK-ACC-CPT1 signaling pathway. Journal of orthopaedic surgery and research 14 37237380
2010 Alternative exon usage in the single CPT1 gene of Drosophila generates functional diversity in the kinetic properties of the enzyme: differential expression of alternatively spliced variants in Drosophila tissues. The Journal of biological chemistry 14 20061394
1995 A 43.5 kb segment of yeast chromosome XIV, which contains MFA2, MEP2, CAP/SRV2, NAM9, FKB1/FPR1/RBP1, MOM22 and CPT1, predicts an adenosine deaminase gene and 14 new open reading frames. Yeast (Chichester, England) 14 8619318
2023 Knockdown of carnitine palmitoyltransferase I (CPT1) reduces fat body lipid mobilization and resistance to starvation in the insect vector Rhodnius prolixus. Frontiers in physiology 13 37469565
2015 The Origin and Diversity of Cpt1 Genes in Vertebrate Species. PloS one 13 26421611
2020 α-Tocopherol suppresses hepatic steatosis by increasing CPT-1 expression in a mouse model of diet-induced nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Obesity science & practice 10 33680496
2011 Normal Levels of Plasma Free Carnitine and Acylcarnitines in Follow-Up Samples from a Presymptomatic Case of Carnitine Palmitoyl Transferase 1 (CPT1) Deficiency Detected Through Newborn Screening in Denmark. JIMD reports 9 23430868
2025 Constituents-composed Chinese medicine of Dajianzhong Decoction ameliorates Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease via AMPK/PPARα/CPT1 signaling. Phytomedicine : international journal of phytotherapy and phytopharmacology 8 41240545
2020 Genetic Polymorphisms of LPCAT1, CHPT1 and PCYT1B and Risk of Neonatal Respiratory Distress Syndrome among a Chinese Han Population. Pediatrics and neonatology 7 31964590
2024 pparβ regulates lipid catabolism by mediating acox and cpt-1 genes in Scophthalmus maximus under heat stress. Fish physiology and biochemistry 6 38386263
2023 Design and Synthesis of Novel Indole Ethylamine Derivatives as a Lipid Metabolism Regulator Targeting PPARα/CPT1 in AML12 Cells. Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) 6 38202597
2022 CPT1 Mediated Ionizing Radiation-Induced Intestinal Injury Proliferation via Shifting FAO Metabolism Pathway and Activating the ERK1/2 and JNK Pathway. Radiation research 6 36351324
2013 Skeletal muscle-specific CPT1 deficiency elevates lipotoxic intermediates but preserves insulin sensitivity. Journal of diabetes research 6 24319696
2024 Molecular characterization and transcriptional regulation between PPAR and CPT1 in freshwater bivalve Hyriopsis cumingii. International journal of biological macromolecules 5 39278449
2021 Whole body vibration activates AMPK/CPT1 signaling pathway of skeletal muscle in young and aging mice based on metabolomics study. Endocrine journal 5 34955464
1988 Molecular analysis of the packaging signal in bacteriophage CP-T1 of Vibrio cholerae. Molecular & general genetics : MGG 5 3419420
2023 Atomoxetine and Fluoxetine Activate AMPK-ACC-CPT1 Pathway in Human SH-SY5Y and U-87 MG Cells. Psychiatry investigation 4 36990664
2016 Effect of chicken leptin recptor short hairpin RNA on expression of JAK2, STAT3, SOCS3 and CPT1 genes in chicken preadipocytes. Animal science journal = Nihon chikusan Gakkaiho 4 27868312
2025 CPT1 deficiency blocks autophagic flux to promote lipid accumulation induced by co-exposure to polystyrene microplastic and cadmium. Frontiers in pharmacology 3 39834803
2025 Mechanisms of Inonotus obliquus (Fr.) Pilát polysaccharides in ameliorating lipid-induced skeletal muscle insulin resistance via PI3K/AKT and AMPK/ACC1/CPT1 signaling pathways. Journal of ethnopharmacology 3 40348308
2025 Rewiring lipid Metabolism: The central role of CPT1 in metabolic dysfunction. Progress in biophysics and molecular biology 3 41274422
2024 Inhibition of Crif1 protects fatty acid-induced POMC neuron-like cell-line damage by increasing CPT-1 function. American journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism 3 38597829
2025 MTCH2 modulates CPT1 activity to regulate lipid metabolism of adipocytes. Nature communications 2 41044057
2024 The regulation of carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT1) mRNA splicing by nutrient availability in Drosophila fat tissue. Biochemistry and biophysics reports 1 38384389
2018 [Effect of Huangqi San on AMPK/ACC/CPT1 pathway in hyperlipidemia rats]. Zhongguo Zhong yao za zhi = Zhongguo zhongyao zazhi = China journal of Chinese materia medica 1 29950080
2026 Phosphatidylcholine and CHPT1 as Central Drivers of Chemoresistance in Colorectal Cancer: Lipidomic and Functional Insights. Cells 0 41827872
2026 Cold-induced Cpt1 repression uncouples lipid mobilization from oxidation and drives lipotoxicity during honeybee metamorphosis. Insect biochemistry and molecular biology 0 42044856
2025 The acylcarnitine profile in patients with PKAN may mimic CPT1 deficiency. Molecular genetics and metabolism 0 41475178
2022 CPT1 Mediated Ionizing Radiation-Induced Intestinal Injury Proliferation via Shifting FAO Metabolism Pathway and Activating the ERK1/2 and JNK Pathway. Radiation research 0 35976730