Affinage

NDE1

Nuclear distribution protein nudE homolog 1 · UniProt Q9NXR1

Length
335 aa
Mass
37.7 kDa
Annotated
2026-06-10
100 papers in source corpus 26 papers cited in narrative 26 extracted findings
Cross-family judge vs UniProt: Affinage preferred faithfulness: 8/8 claims corpus-supported (100%)

Mechanistic narrative

Synthesis pass · prose summary of the discoveries below

NDE1 is a coiled-coil scaffold protein that controls cytoplasmic dynein activity and localization across the cell cycle, and is essential for neural progenitor proliferation and cortical development (PMID:15473967, PMID:27553190). It binds the dynein intermediate and light chains rather than the motor domain (PMID:17682047) and stably recruits LIS1 to the dynein holoenzyme, where LIS1 engages the motor during the prepowerstroke state to drive a persistent, high-load force-generating dynein state (PMID:20403325). NDE1 and dynactin compete for an overlapping region of the dynein intermediate chain, providing mutually exclusive regulation of individual dynein molecules (PMID:21911489, PMID:22669947); this competition manifests in non-overlapping functional pools, exemplified at the immunological synapse where NDE1/dynein drives MTOC translocation while dynein/dynactin drives lytic granule clustering (PMID:27534551). NDE1 acts upstream of LIS1 to recruit and activate dynein on Golgi and endocytic membranes (PMID:20048338), and it recruits dynein to kinetochores: CENP-F brings NDE1 (and NDEL1 and LIS1) to kinetochores (PMID:17600710), NDE1 binds CENP-F as a cargo, and NDE1 is a major contributor to kinetochore dynein recruitment required for chromosome alignment and silencing of the spindle checkpoint (PMID:17600710, PMID:29930206). NDE1 function is gated by phosphorylation: CDK1 phosphorylation controls cargo binding and association with the late G2–M nuclear envelope and kinetochores and is required for the G2-to-M transition (PMID:21529751, PMID:29930206). NDE1 abundance is itself cell-cycle-regulated, with CDK5 priming NDE1 for FBW7-mediated ubiquitylation and destruction at G1 entry, a pathway that sets ciliary length since NDE1 negatively regulates cilia from the mother centriole (PMID:21394081, PMID:26206584). Beyond mitosis, NDE1 has a nuclear pool that interacts with cohesin and is required for heterochromatin DNA replication in mid-late S phase (PMID:25245017), and in neural progenitors its loss causes cell cycle arrest at interkinetic nuclear migration, the G2-to-M transition, and the G1-to-S cilia checkpoint, with the G2-to-M role being uniquely NDE1-dependent and non-redundant with NDEL1 (PMID:27553190). Truncating NDE1 mutations destabilize the protein and abolish dynein binding and centrosomal localization, causing severe microcephaly (PMID:21529751).

Mechanistic history

Synthesis pass · year-by-year structured walk · 16 steps
  1. 2004 High

    Established that NDE1 is required in vivo for centrosome and mitotic functions of neural progenitors, framing it as a developmental cell-division regulator rather than an in vitro curiosity.

    Evidence Nde1 knockout mouse with BrdU birthdating, centrosome duplication assays, and immunostaining

    PMID:15473967

    Open questions at the time
    • Did not define the molecular mechanism linking NDE1 to centrosome duplication
    • Did not separate mitotic from interphase contributions
  2. 2006 Medium

    Began defining NDE1 as a cell-cycle-phosphorylated centrosomal scaffold by identifying Cdc2/CDK1 phosphorylation sites and centrosomal partners Su48 and p78/MCRS1 whose binding depends on NDE1 phosphorylation.

    Evidence Yeast two-hybrid, Co-IP, in vitro kinase assays, site-directed mutagenesis, and siRNA in cultured cells

    PMID:16547491 PMID:16682949

    Open questions at the time
    • Functional significance of Su48 and p78 complexes for dynein regulation unclear
    • p78 interaction rests on a single low-confidence study
  3. 2007 High

    Resolved how dynein reaches kinetochores, showing NDE1 binds dynein via the intermediate/light chains and, with CENP-F, recruits dynein and dynactin to kinetochores for chromosome alignment and checkpoint control.

    Evidence Reciprocal Co-IP mapping the dynein subunit interaction, antibody injection epistasis, siRNA, and live imaging

    PMID:17600710 PMID:17682047

    Open questions at the time
    • Did not establish whether NDE1 and NDEL1 act on the same or distinct kinetochore dynein pools
    • Cargo identity of NDE1 at kinetochores not yet defined
  4. 2008 Low

    Embedded NDE1 in a neurodevelopmental signaling module by placing it, with LIS1/NDEL1/dynein, in a centrosomal complex with DISC1 and PDE4 and showing competitive NDE1/NDEL1 binding to DISC1.

    Evidence Co-IP, in vitro binding assays, and immunofluorescence in cultured neurons

    PMID:18469341 PMID:18983980

    Open questions at the time
    • Single Co-IP studies without reciprocal or biophysical validation
    • PKA phosphorylation asserted but not confirmed by in vitro kinase assay in these reports
  5. 2008 Medium

    Demonstrated genetic collaboration between Lis1 and Nde1 in controlling radial glial fate, division asymmetry, and apical attachment, linking the pathway to corticogenesis dosage effects.

    Evidence Allelic-series Lis1-Nde1 double mutant mice with birthdating and cleavage-plane analysis

    PMID:18469343

    Open questions at the time
    • Molecular basis of apical attachment defect not resolved here
    • Single-lab genetic epistasis
  6. 2010 High

    Provided the core biophysical mechanism: NDE1 recruits LIS1 to dynein to induce a persistent-force state under load, while NDE1 alone abrogates force, and placed NDE1/NDEL1 upstream of LIS1 in membrane dynein recruitment.

    Evidence Single-molecule optical trapping with reconstituted purified proteins; and siRNA epistasis with rescue on Golgi/endocytic membranes

    PMID:20048338 PMID:20403325

    Open questions at the time
    • How NDE1-alone force abrogation is reconciled with its activating role in cells not fully defined
    • Membrane association mechanism of NDE1 not mapped
  7. 2011 High

    Connected NDE1 to ciliary length control and human disease, showing it negatively regulates cilia from the mother centriole and that truncating mutations destabilize NDE1, abolish dynein binding/centrosomal localization, and require CDK1 T246 phosphorylation for G2-to-M progression.

    Evidence siRNA, zebrafish morpholino, live imaging; and patient cell lines, mutant constructs, Co-IP, and in vitro kinase assay

    PMID:21394081 PMID:21529751

    Open questions at the time
    • Mechanism by which NDE1 restrains ciliary length not defined
    • Link between ciliary phenotype and microcephaly incomplete
  8. 2011 Medium

    Defined the NDE1-versus-dynactin competition at the dynein intermediate chain as a switch for individual dynein molecules, and identified a separate LC8 binding site on NDE1.

    Evidence Competition binding and pull-down assays with purified proteins

    PMID:21911489

    Open questions at the time
    • Functional consequence of LC8 binding to NDE1 undefined
    • Single-lab in vitro study
  9. 2011 Medium

    Extended the scaffolding role beyond dynein, showing NDE1 directly binds utrophin/dystrophin to link cytoskeleton to ECM and stabilize radial glial morphology and adhesion.

    Evidence Co-IP, immunofluorescence, and genetic epistasis in double-mutant mice

    PMID:22028625

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether DGC linkage is dynein-dependent unresolved
    • Single-lab finding
  10. 2011 Medium

    Identified PKA phosphorylation of NDE1 at T131 (DISC1/PDE4-dependent) as a modulator of NDE1-LIS1/NDEL1 interactions and neurite outgrowth.

    Evidence In vitro kinase assays, phospho-specific antibody, Co-IP, and neurite outgrowth assays

    PMID:21677187

    Open questions at the time
    • In vivo relevance of T131 phosphorylation not established
    • Single-lab study
  11. 2012 High

    Provided structural and atomic-level interaction detail: NDE1 forms higher-order oligomers with a folded-back C-terminus required for dynein/DISC1 binding, and maps the NDE1 site on dynein IC overlapping but distinct from dynactin's, with IC preferring dynactin when all three are present.

    Evidence Negative-stain EM, crosslinking-MS; and ITC and NMR with purified proteins

    PMID:22669947 PMID:22843697

    Open questions at the time
    • Structure-function of oligomerization not validated in cells
    • How phosphorylation shifts the competitive balance not structurally resolved
  12. 2014 Medium

    Revealed a non-mitotic nuclear role: NDE1 interacts with cohesin and is required for heterochromatin DNA replication, with its loss causing replication stress, DSBs, and p53-dependent apoptosis in neural progenitors.

    Evidence Co-IP, BrdU labeling, γH2AX, in Nde1 mutant mouse neural progenitors

    PMID:25245017

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct vs indirect role at heterochromatin replication forks unclear
    • Mechanism connecting cohesin binding to replication timing undefined
  13. 2016 High

    Dissected stage-specific neural progenitor requirements, showing NDE1 loss arrests cells at interkinetic nuclear migration, G2-to-M, and G1-to-S cilia checkpoints, with the G2-to-M role uniquely non-redundant with NDEL1.

    Evidence In utero electroporation of shRNA, EdU/BrdU labeling, and NDEL1-overexpression rescue in rat cortex

    PMID:27553190

    Open questions at the time
    • Molecular basis of the NDE1-specific G2-to-M function not defined
    • How the three arrests interrelate mechanistically unclear
  14. 2016 Medium

    Showed functional partitioning of dynein regulators in T cells, with NDE1/dynein driving MTOC translocation and dynein/dynactin driving granule clustering at the immunological synapse.

    Evidence Dominant-negative and siRNA with cytotoxicity assays in Jurkat and primary CTLs

    PMID:27534551

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether the synapse partitioning uses the same IC competition mechanism not directly tested
    • Single-lab study
  15. 2017 High

    Provided structural and developmental validation of the DISC1–NDEL1 axis, solving the DISC1 C-tail/Ndel1 complex and showing its disruption impairs kinetochore attachment and radial glial cell-cycle progression in mouse and human organoids.

    Evidence X-ray crystallography, Co-IP, in utero electroporation, and iPSC-derived forebrain organoids

    PMID:29103808

    Open questions at the time
    • Focused on NDEL1 rather than NDE1 directly
    • How DISC1 regulates kinetochore vs centrosome targeting differs between paralogs
  16. 2018 High

    Identified CENP-F as the first well-characterized NDE1 cargo and established CDK1 phosphorylation as the switch controlling NDE1 cargo binding and its localization to the G2–M nuclear envelope and kinetochores, with NDE1 a major contributor to kinetochore dynein.

    Evidence RNAi with phosphomimetic/phosphomutant rescue, phospho-specific antibody, and in vitro CENP-F binding assays

    PMID:29930206

    Open questions at the time
    • Other NDE1 cargoes beyond CENP-F not identified
    • Quantitative contribution relative to other kinetochore dynein adaptors incomplete

Open questions

Synthesis pass · forward-looking unresolved questions
  • How NDE1 phosphorylation states integrate to switch the protein between force-abrogating, force-promoting, and cargo-binding modes on a single dynein molecule, and the full set of its non-dynein cargoes, remain unresolved.
  • No unified model linking CDK1/CDK5/PKA phosphorylation to the dynactin-competition switch
  • Cargo repertoire beyond CENP-F undefined
  • Mechanism coupling cytoplasmic dynein roles to the nuclear cohesin/replication role unknown

Mechanism profile

Synthesis pass · controlled-vocabulary classification · explore literature graph →
Molecular activity
GO:0060090 molecular adaptor activity 5 GO:0008092 cytoskeletal protein binding 4 GO:0098772 molecular function regulator activity 3
Localization
GO:0005815 microtubule organizing center 5 GO:0005694 chromosome 3 GO:0005929 cilium 2 GO:0005634 nucleus 1 GO:0005635 nuclear envelope 1 GO:0005794 Golgi apparatus 1
Pathway
R-HSA-1640170 Cell Cycle 4 R-HSA-1266738 Developmental Biology 3 R-HSA-1852241 Organelle biogenesis and maintenance 2 R-HSA-9609507 Protein localization 2 R-HSA-69306 DNA Replication 1
Partners
CENP-FDCTN1DISC1DMDLIS1MCRS1NDEL1YWHAE
Complex memberships
cytoplasmic dynein complexkinetochore

Evidence

Reading pass · 26 per-paper findings extracted from the source corpus
Year Finding Method Journal Conf PMIDs
2010 NDE1 stably recruits LIS1 to the dynein holoenzyme molecule, where LIS1 interacts with the motor domain during the prepowerstroke state of the dynein crossbridge cycle. NDE1 alone abrogates dynein force production, whereas LIS1 alone or with NDE1 induces a persistent-force dynein state that improves ensemble function of multiple dyneins under high-load conditions. Single-molecule force measurements, optical trapping, biochemical reconstitution with purified proteins Cell High 20403325
2004 Ablation of Nde1 in mouse results in microcephaly with defects in centrosome duplication, mitotic spindle assembly, mitotic progression, and mitotic orientation in cortical progenitors, demonstrating Nde1 is essential for these processes in vivo. Knockout mouse model, BrdU birthdating, in vitro centrosome duplication assays, immunostaining Neuron High 15473967
2011 NDE1 is a negative regulator of ciliary length; it is expressed at high levels in mitosis and low levels in quiescence, localizes at the mother centriole, and cells depleted of NDE1 have longer cilia and a delay in cell cycle re-entry that correlates with ciliary length. siRNA knockdown, live imaging, immunofluorescence localization, zebrafish morpholino knockdown Nature cell biology High 21394081
2011 Human NDE1 mutations truncating C-terminal domains render the protein unstable, unable to bind cytoplasmic dynein, and unable to localize to the centrosome. CDK1 phosphorylation at T246 within the C-terminal region is required for cell-cycle progression from G2 to M phase. Patient cell lines, transfection of tagged mutant constructs, co-immunoprecipitation, immunofluorescence, cell cycle assays, in vitro kinase assay American journal of human genetics High 21529751
2007 CENP-F interacts with both NDE1 and NDEL1, and recruits NDE1, NDEL1, and LIS1 to kinetochores. NDE1, but not NDEL1, is specifically required for kinetochore localization of dynein. Suppression of NDE1 inhibits metaphase chromosome alignment and activates the spindle checkpoint. Co-immunoprecipitation, siRNA knockdown, immunofluorescence, live cell imaging Current biology : CB High 17600710
2007 NDE1 and NDEL1 each localize to mitotic kinetochores before dynein and other kinetochore components; inhibition of both causes metaphase arrest with misoriented chromosomes. Dynein interacts with NDE1 through the dynein intermediate and light chains (not the motor domain). NDE1/NDEL1 are required for dynein and dynactin recruitment to kinetochores. Antibody injection, immunofluorescence, co-immunoprecipitation, live cell imaging The Journal of cell biology High 17682047
2011 NDE1 competes with dynactin for binding to a common region within the dynein intermediate chain (IC), providing a mechanism for mutually exclusive regulation of individual dynein molecules. LC8 binds to a novel sequence within NDE1 without detectably affecting the dynein-NDE1 interaction. Co-immunoprecipitation, pull-down assays, competition binding assays with purified proteins The Journal of biological chemistry Medium 21911489
2010 NDE1 and NDEL1 depletion together causes striking dispersal of Golgi complex and endocytic compartments and complete loss of dynein from membranes, placing NDE1 and NDEL1 upstream of LIS1 in dynein recruitment/activation on membranes. A substantial portion of NDE1 and NDEL1 is membrane-associated. Expression of exogenous NDE1 can rescue LIS1 depletion effects on Golgi, but LIS1 only partially rescues NDE1/NDEL1 depletion. siRNA knockdown, immunofluorescence, subcellular fractionation, rescue experiments Journal of cell science Medium 20048338
2011 PKA phosphorylates NDE1 at threonine-131 (T131) in a manner dependent on DISC1 and PDE4. Phosphorylation at T131 modulates NDE1-LIS1 and NDE1-NDEL1 interactions. T131-phosphorylated NDE1 localizes to the postsynaptic density, proximal axons, nucleus, and centrosome (enriched during mitosis). Mutation mimicking T131 phosphorylation inhibits neurite outgrowth. In vitro kinase assays, homology modeling, co-immunoprecipitation, immunofluorescence, neurite outgrowth assay, phospho-specific antibody The Journal of neuroscience Medium 21677187
2015 FBW7 is the E3 ubiquitin ligase that mediates destruction of NDE1 upon entry into G1, with CDK5 priming NDE1 for FBW7-mediated recognition. NDE1 levels inversely correlate with ciliogenesis, and this CDK5-FBW7-NDE1 pathway controls ciliary length in a cell cycle-dependent manner. Co-immunoprecipitation, siRNA knockdown, ubiquitylation assays, rescue epistasis experiments, immunofluorescence The EMBO journal High 26206584
2006 NDE1 forms a complex with centrosomal protein Su48; NDE1 is phosphorylated by Cdc2 in vivo at six putative phosphorylation sites, and mutation of these sites diminishes Cdc2 phosphorylation, affects stability of Su48-NDE1 interactions, and alters centrosomal localization of NDE1. Ablation of NDE1 by siRNA causes mitotic delay and cell death. Yeast two-hybrid, co-immunoprecipitation, in vitro kinase assay, site-directed mutagenesis, siRNA knockdown, immunofluorescence Oncogene Medium 16682949
2006 NDE1 interacts with p78/MCRS1, and this interaction is regulated by phosphorylation on NDE1. A fraction of p78 localizes to the centrosome, and the forkhead-associated domain of p78 mediates its association with NDE1 and its centrosomal localization. Yeast two-hybrid, co-immunoprecipitation, immunofluorescence, siRNA knockdown Oncogene Low 16547491
2008 NDE1 and NDEL1 show opposing binding patterns to DISC1 Ser704 versus Cys704 at the same DISC1 binding domain, suggesting competitive binding to DISC1. In vitro binding assays, co-immunoprecipitation Human molecular genetics Low 18469341
2008 NDE1, NDEL1, and LIS1, together with dynein, associate with DISC1, PDE4B, and PDE4D within cells, and this complex is present at the centrosome. NDE1 is phosphorylated by PKA. Co-immunoprecipitation, immunofluorescence in cultured neurons Biochemical and biophysical research communications Low 18983980
2016 NDE1 shRNA in rat embryonic brains causes cell cycle arrest at three distinct stages: apical interkinetic nuclear migration, the G2-to-M transition, and regulation of primary cilia at G1-to-S. NDEL1 RNAi has no such effects, but NDEL1 overexpression can compensate for NDE1 loss except at the G2-to-M transition, revealing a unique NDE1 role at this transition. In utero electroporation of shRNA, immunofluorescence, BrdU/EdU pulse labeling, rescue by NDEL1 overexpression Nature communications High 27553190
2014 NDE1 has a nuclear pool and interacts with cohesin and its associated chromatin remodeler; loss of NDE1 causes stalled DNA replication specifically in mid-late S phase at heterochromatin domains, leading to DNA double-strand breaks and p53-dependent apoptosis in neural progenitors. Co-immunoprecipitation, immunofluorescence, BrdU pulse labeling, DNA damage markers (γH2AX), Nde1 mutant mouse neural progenitors eLife Medium 25245017
2011 NDE1 interacts directly with utrophin/dystrophin, allowing assembly of a multi-protein complex that links the cytoskeleton to the extracellular matrix of radial glia, stabilizing their lateral membrane, cell-cell adhesion, and radial morphology. Lis1-Nde1 mutations destabilize the dystrophin/dystroglycan glycoprotein complex (DGC). Co-immunoprecipitation, immunofluorescence, genetic epistasis (double mutant mice), rescue experiments PLoS biology Medium 22028625
2013 The Nde1-Lis1 complex regulates MAPK signaling threshold through a direct interaction between Lis1 and Brap, a MAPK signaling threshold modulator. Nde1-Lis1 deficiency results in spatially dependent hyperactivation of MAPK and altered Ksr scaffold levels; epistasis analyses support synergistic Brap and Lis1 functions. Co-immunoprecipitation, immunofluorescence, genetic epistasis (double mutant mouse CNS), MAPK pathway assays Developmental cell Medium 23673330
2012 NDE1 forms needle-like dimers, tetramers, and chain-like polymers in solution. The C-terminal domain adopts a folded-back structure that facilitates interaction with the N-terminal coiled-coil and is required for binding dynein and DISC1. NDE1 and NDEL1 can interact directly in mixed complexes. Negative stain electron microscopy, chemical cross-linking/mass spectrometry, isotope labeling The Journal of biological chemistry Medium 22843697
2012 NDE1 binds the dynein intermediate chain (IC) at its N-terminal coiled-coil domain; the NDE1-binding site on IC overlaps with but is distinct from the p150(Glued) (dynactin) binding site. NDE1 and p150(Glued) show distinct binding modes: NDE1 contacts only region 1 of the bi-segmental IC binding site, whereas p150(Glued) requires both regions. When all three proteins are present, IC preferentially binds p150(Glued). Isothermal titration calorimetry, NMR spectroscopy, in vitro binding assays with purified proteins The Journal of biological chemistry High 22669947
2017 The crystal structure of the DISC1 C-terminal tail in complex with the Ndel1 binding domain was solved. DISC1 regulates Ndel1 kinetochore attachment (but not centrosome localization) during mitosis. Disrupting DISC1/Ndel1 complex formation prolongs mitotic length and causes cell-cycle deficits of radial glial cells in embryonic mouse cortex and human forebrain organoids. X-ray crystallography, co-immunoprecipitation, immunofluorescence, in utero electroporation, human iPSC-derived organoids Neuron High 29103808
2018 CDK1 phosphorylates Nde1 to control its cargo-binding throughout the cell cycle. Phospho-Nde1 specifically associates with the late G2-M nuclear envelope and prophase-to-anaphase kinetochores. Phosphomutant Nde1 shows weaker CENP-F binding in vitro, and CENP-F is identified as the first well-characterized Nde1 cargo protein. Expression of dynein-binding-deficient Nde1 reduces kinetochore dynein by half, establishing Nde1 as a major contributor to kinetochore dynein recruitment. Nde1 RNAi, phosphomimetic/phosphomutant cDNA rescue, phospho-specific antibody, in vitro CENP-F binding assay, immunofluorescence The Journal of cell biology High 29930206
2016 NDE1 and dynactin form mutually exclusive complexes with dynein and show non-overlapping distributions in T cells. NDE1/dynein accumulation at the immunological synapse is required for MTOC translocation, while the dynein/dynactin complex is required for lytic granule accumulation at the synapse. Dominant-negative NDE1 or NDE1 knockdown blocks MTOC translocation and CTL-mediated killing. Dominant-negative expression, siRNA knockdown, immunofluorescence, cytotoxicity assays in Jurkat cells and primary CTLs Journal of immunology Medium 27534551
2014 NDE1 rare variant S214F affects axonal outgrowth and disrupts the interaction between NDE1 and YWHAE (14-3-3 epsilon) in functional assays. Functional binding assays, neurite/axonal outgrowth assay with mutant NDE1 Schizophrenia bulletin Low 25332407
2008 Lis1 and Nde1 collaborate to regulate the fate of radial glial progenitors; double Lis1-Nde1 mutant mice show dose-dependent cortical size reduction and delamination, dramatically increased neuronal differentiation at corticogenesis onset, and striking changes in metaphase progenitor morphology with reduced apical attachment, impairing cell division asymmetry control. Allelic series double mutant mouse analysis, immunostaining, BrdU birthdating, cleavage plane orientation analysis Human molecular genetics Medium 18469343
2014 Nde1, but not Ndel1, is localized to putative SVZ stem cells and actively dividing progenitors of the SGZ. Increasing Nde1 expression in hippocampal neural stem cells leads to increased neuronal differentiation and decreased astroglial differentiation. Immunofluorescence localization, overexpression in neural stem cell line, differentiation assay Neuroscience Low 24785679

Source papers

Stage 0 corpus · 100 papers · ranked by NIH iCite citations
Year Title Journal Citations PMID
1989 Determination of subcutaneous tumor size in athymic (nude) mice. Cancer chemotherapy and pharmacology 1576 2544306
2004 Mitotic spindle regulation by Nde1 controls cerebral cortical size. Neuron 296 15473967
1976 Transplantation of human tumors in nude mice. Journal of the National Cancer Institute 282 186624
2010 LIS1 and NudE induce a persistent dynein force-producing state. Cell 280 20403325
1998 The Saccharomyces cerevisiae NDE1 and NDE2 genes encode separate mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenases catalyzing the oxidation of cytosolic NADH. The Journal of biological chemistry 240 9733747
1971 Immunological responses of 'nude' mice. Clinical and experimental immunology 214 4929778
2002 Wnt glycoproteins regulate the expression of FoxN1, the gene defective in nude mice. Nature immunology 205 12379851
2011 Nde1-mediated inhibition of ciliogenesis affects cell cycle re-entry. Nature cell biology 204 21394081
1971 Observations on the immunobiology of 'nude' mice. Immunology 193 4100989
2011 Human mutations in NDE1 cause extreme microcephaly with lissencephaly [corrected]. American journal of human genetics 177 21529751
1993 Pleiotrophin transforms NIH 3T3 cells and induces tumors in nude mice. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 142 8421705
2007 Cenp-F links kinetochores to Ndel1/Nde1/Lis1/dynein microtubule motor complexes. Current biology : CB 139 17600710
2011 The essential role of centrosomal NDE1 in human cerebral cortex neurogenesis. American journal of human genetics 132 21529752
1992 Expression of calcyclin in human melanoma cell lines correlates with metastatic behavior in nude mice. Cancer research 131 1737392
2003 Human Nudel and NudE as regulators of cytoplasmic dynein in poleward protein transport along the mitotic spindle. Molecular and cellular biology 119 12556484
2007 NudE and NudEL are required for mitotic progression and are involved in dynein recruitment to kinetochores. The Journal of cell biology 118 17682047
1981 Expression of metastatic potential of allogenic and xenogeneic neoplasms in young nude mice. Cancer research 118 7448788
1992 Immune responses to Cryptosporidium muris and Cryptosporidium parvum in adult immunocompetent or immunocompromised (nude and SCID) mice. Infection and immunity 105 1639500
2017 DISC1 Regulates Neurogenesis via Modulating Kinetochore Attachment of Ndel1/Nde1 during Mitosis. Neuron 102 29103808
2010 Functional interplay between LIS1, NDE1 and NDEL1 in dynein-dependent organelle positioning. Journal of cell science 102 20048338
1990 In vitro properties of human melanoma cells metastatic in nude mice. Cancer research 99 2156614
2008 Elucidating the relationship between DISC1, NDEL1 and NDE1 and the risk for schizophrenia: evidence of epistasis and competitive binding. Human molecular genetics 93 18469341
2011 Mutually exclusive cytoplasmic dynein regulation by NudE-Lis1 and dynactin. The Journal of biological chemistry 88 21911489
2001 Inhibition of erythropoietin signalling destroys xenografts of ovarian and uterine cancers in nude mice. British journal of cancer 88 11259101
1977 Inhibition of the growth of lymphoid tumours in syngeneic athymic (nude) mice. International journal of cancer 87 903182
2016 Athymic nude mice as an experimental model for cancer treatment. Physiological research 80 28006926
1996 Stromelysin-3 expression promotes tumor take in nude mice. The Journal of clinical investigation 79 8621777
1990 Studies of human breast cancer metastasis using nude mice. Cancer metastasis reviews 77 2182209
2005 Learning from nudity: lessons from the nude phenotype. Experimental dermatology 75 16232301
2008 DISC1, PDE4B, and NDE1 at the centrosome and synapse. Biochemical and biophysical research communications 74 18983980
1997 Characterization of mouse and human nude genes. Immunogenetics 74 9321431
2011 PKA phosphorylation of NDE1 is DISC1/PDE4 dependent and modulates its interaction with LIS1 and NDEL1. The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience 72 21677187
2015 Cell cycle-dependent ubiquitylation and destruction of NDE1 by CDK5-FBW7 regulates ciliary length. The EMBO journal 71 26206584
2008 Lis1-Nde1-dependent neuronal fate control determines cerebral cortical size and lamination. Human molecular genetics 68 18469343
2006 Families with the risk allele of DISC1 reveal a link between schizophrenia and another component of the same molecular pathway, NDE1. Human molecular genetics 67 17185386
1977 Immunobiology of heterotransplanted human tumors in nude mice. Journal of the National Cancer Institute 66 857033
2010 Erythropoietin improves the survival of fat tissue after its transplantation in nude mice. PloS one 65 21085572
2002 Experimental endometriosis: the nude mouse as a xenographic host. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 61 11949959
2010 The nude mutant gene Foxn1 is a HOXC13 regulatory target during hair follicle and nail differentiation. The Journal of investigative dermatology 58 21191399
2016 Severe NDE1-mediated microcephaly results from neural progenitor cell cycle arrests at multiple specific stages. Nature communications 54 27553190
2011 Scarless skin wound healing in FOXN1 deficient (nude) mice is associated with distinctive matrix metalloproteinase expression. Matrix biology : journal of the International Society for Matrix Biology 54 21539913
1980 Tumorigenicity of human malignant lymphoblasts: comparative study with unmanipulated nude mice, antilymphocyte serum-treated nude mice, and X-irradiated nude mice. Journal of the National Cancer Institute 53 6932523
2016 NDE1 and NDEL1 from genes to (mal)functions: parallel but distinct roles impacting on neurodevelopmental disorders and psychiatric illness. Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS 52 27742926
2018 Nanofat Increases Dermis Thickness and Neovascularization in Photoaged Nude Mouse Skin. Aesthetic plastic surgery 51 29380024
1986 Cell kinetics and chemosensitivity of human carcinomas serially transplanted into nude mice. Japanese journal of cancer research : Gann 51 3089982
2003 Roles of NUDE and NUDF proteins of Aspergillus nidulans: insights from intracellular localization and overexpression effects. Molecular biology of the cell 50 12631710
2005 Gonadotropin-induced adrenocortical neoplasia in NU/J nude mice. Endocrinology 49 15919738
2004 FOXN1 is critical for onycholemmal terminal differentiation in nude (Foxn1) mice. The Journal of investigative dermatology 49 15610506
1993 Comparative study on the metastatic behavior of human tumors in nude, beige/nude/xid and severe combined immunodeficient mice. Invasion & metastasis 49 8225855
1999 Hormonal effects on glioblastoma multiforme in the nude rat model. Journal of neurosurgery 48 10350254
2006 CLIP-170 homologue and NUDE play overlapping roles in NUDF localization in Aspergillus nidulans. Molecular biology of the cell 47 16467375
1986 T-cell development during ageing in congenitally athymic (nude) rats. Scandinavian journal of immunology 47 3489284
2012 Intrinsic disorder in dynein intermediate chain modulates its interactions with NudE and dynactin. The Journal of biological chemistry 45 22669947
2002 Role of the nude gene in epithelial terminal differentiation. The Journal of investigative dermatology 44 11841548
2019 The NADH Dehydrogenase Nde1 Executes Cell Death after Integrating Signals from Metabolism and Proteostasis on the Mitochondrial Surface. Molecular cell 43 31668496
1998 Maturation of B cell precursors is impaired in thymic-deprived nude and old mice. Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) 43 9725218
1997 Pharmacologic control of a humanized gene therapy system implanted into nude mice. The Journal of clinical investigation 43 9389753
1987 Modulation of human neuroblastoma transplanted into nude mice by endogenous opioid systems. Life sciences 43 3041143
1978 Plasma protein production by human tumors xenotransplanted in nude mice. Cancer research 43 688232
1988 Bombesin inhibits growth of human pancreatic adenocarcinoma in nude mice. Pancreas 40 2838842
1995 Transgenic expression of interleukin 7 restores T cell populations in nude mice. The Journal of experimental medicine 39 7869039
2014 Hypermethylation of a New Distal Sodium/Iodide Symporter (NIS) enhancer (NDE) is associated with reduced NIS expression in thyroid tumors. The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism 38 24432988
2014 The scaffold protein Nde1 safeguards the brain genome during S phase of early neural progenitor differentiation. eLife 38 25245017
2013 NDE1 and NDEL1: twin neurodevelopmental proteins with similar 'nature' but different 'nurture'. Biomolecular concepts 38 24093049
2012 Novel NDE1 homozygous mutation resulting in microhydranencephaly and not microlyssencephaly. Neurogenetics 37 22526350
2012 The mitosis and neurodevelopment proteins NDE1 and NDEL1 form dimers, tetramers, and polymers with a folded back structure in solution. The Journal of biological chemistry 36 22843697
2017 FOXN1 deficient nude severe combined immunodeficiency. Orphanet journal of rare diseases 35 28077132
2012 Nephrotoxicity profiles and threshold dose values for [177Lu]-DOTATATE in nude mice. Nuclear medicine and biology 35 22445743
2012 Insights on FoxN1 biological significance and usages of the "nude" mouse in studies of T-lymphopoiesis. International journal of biological sciences 35 23091413
2006 Centrosomal proteins Nde1 and Su48 form a complex regulated by phosphorylation. Oncogene 35 16682949
1986 Cancer-associated colonic mucin in cultured human tumor cells and athymic (nude) mouse xenografts. Cancer research 35 3756919
2011 Three-dimensional regulation of radial glial functions by Lis1-Nde1 and dystrophin glycoprotein complexes. PLoS biology 32 22028625
2009 Roles of the Drosophila NudE protein in kinetochore function and centrosome migration. Journal of cell science 32 19417004
2006 p78/MCRS1 forms a complex with centrosomal protein Nde1 and is essential for cell viability. Oncogene 32 16547491
2003 Imaging of luciferase and GFP-transfected human tumours in nude mice. Luminescence : the journal of biological and chemical luminescence 32 12950058
1992 Mapping of the nu gene using congenic nude strains and in situ hybridization. The Journal of experimental medicine 32 1346798
1985 Systemic Coccidioides immitis infection in nude and beige mice. Infection and immunity 32 3972455
2016 Dynein Separately Partners with NDE1 and Dynactin To Orchestrate T Cell Focused Secretion. Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) 31 27534551
2008 Anticancer activity of genistein on implanted tumor of human SG7901 cells in nude mice. World journal of gastroenterology 31 18203299
2002 Vitamin D3 analogs stimulate hair growth in nude mice. Endocrinology 31 12399436
2001 The nude gene and the skin. Experimental dermatology 31 11589726
1989 A comparison of bone turnover in athymic (nude) and euthymic mice: biochemical, histomorphometric, bone ash and in vitro studies. Bone 31 2736153
1987 Growth and metastatic behavior of human tumor cells implanted into nude and beige nude mice. Clinical & experimental metastasis 31 3594971
1979 Virus carrier state suppresses tumorigenicity of tumor cells in athymic (nude) mice. The Journal of general virology 31 219138
2013 Spatially dependent dynamic MAPK modulation by the Nde1-Lis1-Brap complex patterns mammalian CNS. Developmental cell 30 23673330
2005 Point mutation at single tyrosine residue of novel oncogene NOK abrogates tumorigenesis in nude mice. Cancer research 30 16322230
1983 Heterotransplantation of human head and neck tumours into nude mice. Acta oto-laryngologica 29 6829300
2018 Cdk1 phosphorylation of the dynein adapter Nde1 controls cargo binding from G2 to anaphase. The Journal of cell biology 28 29930206
2004 Regulation of chronic colitis in athymic nu/nu (nude) mice. International immunology 28 14688063
2002 Complete rescue of the nude mutant phenotype by a wild-type Foxn1 transgene. Mammalian genome : official journal of the International Mammalian Genome Society 27 12016512
2017 Severe congenital microcephaly with 16p13.11 microdeletion combined with NDE1 mutation, a case report and literature review. BMC medical genetics 25 29191162
2014 Identification of Rare, Single-Nucleotide Mutations in NDE1 and Their Contributions to Schizophrenia Susceptibility. Schizophrenia bulletin 25 25332407
1985 Chromosome findings in human neuroblastomas xenografted in nude mice. Japanese journal of cancer research : Gann 23 3924709
2010 The hyposensitive N187D P2X7 mutant promotes malignant progression in nude mice. The Journal of biological chemistry 21 20837475
2017 Regeneration of subcutaneous tissue-engineered mandibular condyle in nude mice. Journal of cranio-maxillo-facial surgery : official publication of the European Association for Cranio-Maxillo-Facial Surgery 20 28462782
1984 Immunity to Brugia pahangi in athymic nude and normal mice: eosinophilia, antibody and hypersensitivity responses. Parasite immunology 20 6522098
2022 Nde1 and Ndel1: Outstanding Mysteries in Dynein-Mediated Transport. Frontiers in cell and developmental biology 19 35493069
2013 nde1 deletion improves mitochondrial DNA maintenance in Saccharomyces cerevisiae coenzyme Q mutants. The Biochemical journal 19 23116202
2014 The expression and roles of Nde1 and Ndel1 in the adult mammalian central nervous system. Neuroscience 18 24785679
2006 RNA interference against urokinase in hepatocellular carcinoma xenografts in nude mice. Tumour biology : the journal of the International Society for Oncodevelopmental Biology and Medicine 18 17159381

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