Affinage

ING2

Inhibitor of growth protein 2 · UniProt Q9H160

Length
280 aa
Mass
32.8 kDa
Annotated
2026-06-10
47 papers in source corpus 24 papers cited in narrative 24 extracted findings
Cross-family judge vs UniProt: Affinage preferred faithfulness: 8/8 claims corpus-supported (100%)

Mechanistic narrative

Synthesis pass · prose summary of the discoveries below

ING2 is a chromatin-regulatory tumor suppressor that couples histone-mark reading to transcriptional repression and the DNA-damage response, with in vivo knockout confirming its tumor-suppressor and developmental roles (PMID:16728974, PMID:21124965). Its PHD finger binds H3K4me3/me2 with high affinity through aromatic residues that cage the trimethylammonium group of Lys4, and this reading function stabilizes the mSin3A–HDAC1 co-repressor complex at promoters of proliferation genes in response to genotoxic stress, with binding-disrupting mutations abolishing the downstream cellular response (PMID:16728974, PMID:16728977). The same PHD finger binds nuclear PtdIns(5)P, which acts as a sub-nuclear trafficking factor that stabilizes ING2 occupancy at a subset of damage-induced target promoters and is required for ING2-dependent p53 activation (PMID:12859901, PMID:23823870). ING2 promotes p53 function by acting as a scaffold—mediated through its N-terminal leucine-zipper-like motif—that bridges p53 to the acetyltransferase p300, enhancing p53 Lys-382 acetylation and driving p53-dependent growth arrest and replicative senescence (PMID:11481424, PMID:16024799, PMID:16782091). Beyond canonical p53 signaling, ING2 enhances nucleotide excision repair by promoting histone H4 acetylation, chromatin relaxation and XPA recruitment to photolesions (PMID:16488987), regulates the G1/S transition and p21 expression independently of p53 (PMID:20890119), and controls DNA replication fork progression and genome stability through interaction with PCNA (PMID:19730436). ING2 activity is gated post-translationally: it is targeted for proteasomal degradation by the HECT ligase Smurf1 (PMID:20621832) and is sumoylated at Lys-195 by SUMO1, a modification that strengthens its Sin3A association and promoter binding (PMID:20676127). ING2 also serves as a transcriptional cofactor in additional programs, functioning in TGF-β/Smad signaling via SnoN (PMID:18334480), as an androgen-receptor co-repressor (PMID:27305909, PMID:34439179), and in myogenic differentiation through its Sin3A–HDAC1 complex (PMID:22808232). A distinct mitochondrial pool of ING2 is imported into the inner mitochondrial compartment in a redox- and 14-3-3η-dependent manner, binds mtDNA via TFAM, and regulates oxidative phosphorylation, in part by controlling ubiquitination and stability of the mitochondrial factor MRPL12 (PMID:34017078, PMID:34434929).

Mechanistic history

Synthesis pass · year-by-year structured walk · 11 steps
  1. 2001 Medium

    Established ING2 as a p53-dependent growth suppressor, answering whether the protein had tumor-suppressor activity and how it engaged the p53 pathway.

    Evidence Proliferation and p53 transactivation reporter assays, p53 acetylation Western blot, knockdown/overexpression in cells, DNA-damage induction

    PMID:11481424

    Open questions at the time
    • Did not define the molecular basis for enhanced p53 acetylation
    • No direct partner for the acetylation step identified at this stage
  2. 2003 High

    Identified the PHD finger as a phosphoinositide receptor, linking a lipid second messenger to ING2's nuclear function and p53 activation.

    Evidence In vitro lipid-binding assays, in vivo nuclear interaction studies, p53 transcription and apoptosis assays

    PMID:12859901

    Open questions at the time
    • Did not define genomic targets affected by PtdIns(5)P binding
    • Relationship between lipid binding and histone-mark reading unresolved
  3. 2005 Medium

    Defined the mechanism of p53 activation by showing ING2 scaffolds a p53–p300 ternary complex to drive acetylation and senescence.

    Evidence Reciprocal Co-IP, siRNA knockdown, overexpression, senescence assays in fibroblasts

    PMID:16024799

    Open questions at the time
    • Single-lab Co-IP for the ternary complex
    • Did not map the ING2 region required for bridging (later addressed in #7)
  4. 2006 High

    Resolved the central reader function: the PHD finger binds H3K4me3/me2 and converts this active mark into repression by stabilizing mSin3A–HDAC1 at proliferation-gene promoters during DNA damage.

    Evidence Biochemical binding assays, ChIP, loss-of-function mutagenesis, Co-IP, DNA-damage assays; 2.0 Å crystal structure of the PHD–H3K4me3 complex with mutagenesis

    PMID:16728974 PMID:16728977

    Open questions at the time
    • Did not establish how the reader function integrates with PtdIns(5)P binding on the same domain
    • Genome-wide target set not defined
  5. 2006 Medium

    Connected ING2 to chromatin-based DNA repair and mapped the scaffolding domain, showing ING2 enables NER and bridges p53 to p300 via its leucine-zipper-like motif.

    Evidence Host-cell reactivation/NER assays, histone acetylation and chromatin accessibility assays, XPA immunofluorescence, domain-deletion Co-IP

    PMID:16488987 PMID:16782091

    Open questions at the time
    • Mechanism linking H4 acetylation to XPA recruitment not detailed
    • Single-lab deletion mapping for the p53-bridging function
  6. 2008 Medium

    Broadened ING2's repertoire to TGF-β signaling and to an associated histone methyltransferase activity, indicating roles beyond HDAC-dependent silencing.

    Evidence Co-IP of ING2–SnoN–Smad2 complex with RNAi epistasis and reporter assays; in vitro HMT assays with domain mapping and TSA-resistance silencing assays

    PMID:18334480 PMID:18513492

    Open questions at the time
    • Identity of the ING2-associated HMT enzyme not established
    • HDAC-independent silencing mechanism not fully reconciled with the Sin3A model
  7. 2009 Medium

    Extended ING2 into replication and genome maintenance and into a parallel DNA-alkylation death pathway, defining PCNA and p73α as effectors.

    Evidence Co-IP with PCNA, DNA fiber spreading, chromatin fractionation, SCE assays; shRNA/inhibitor epistasis placing ING2 between MMR/c-Abl and p73α; MMP13/invasion microarray and assays

    PMID:19437536 PMID:19730436 PMID:19766113

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct effect of ING2 on PCNA loading mechanistically unresolved
    • ING2-p73α interaction shown by single-lab Co-IP
  8. 2010 Medium

    Defined post-translational control of ING2 (Smurf1 degradation, SUMO1 modification) and clarified how chromatin targeting and p53-independent cell-cycle control operate.

    Evidence Co-IP and ubiquitination assays with domain mapping (Smurf1); in vitro/in vivo sumoylation with K195R mutagenesis and ChIP; SAHA-induced Sin3 dissociation with ChIP at p21; comparative ING1/ING2 cell-cycle knockdown

    PMID:20142042 PMID:20621832 PMID:20676127 PMID:20890119

    Open questions at the time
    • Cross-talk between SUMO1 modification and Smurf1-mediated degradation not addressed
    • Each finding from a single lab
  9. 2010 High

    Provided the definitive in vivo confirmation of tumor-suppressor function and a developmental role, linking the ING2/HDAC1/H3K4me3 chromatin axis to spermatogenesis.

    Evidence Targeted Ing2 knockout mice with histology, sperm assays, HDAC1/histone-acetylation immunostaining, and tumor incidence analysis

    PMID:21124965

    Open questions at the time
    • Did not dissect which molecular ING2 functions drive sarcoma formation
    • Mechanism of meiotic arrest not resolved to specific target genes
  10. 2016 Medium

    Identified ING2 as an androgen-receptor co-repressor with ING1 cross-regulation, expanding its transcriptional control to nuclear-receptor signaling in cancer.

    Evidence Co-IP, siRNA/shRNA knockdown, luciferase reporters, growth/senescence assays, Ing1 knockout tissues

    PMID:27305909

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct vs indirect AR binding not fully resolved
    • Single-lab characterization
  11. 2021 Medium

    Uncovered a non-nuclear function: a mitochondrial ING2 pool regulating OXPHOS through mtDNA/TFAM association and MRPL12 ubiquitination.

    Evidence Subcellular fractionation, confocal microscopy, Co-IP (TFAM, MRPL12), ubiquitination assays, OCR/ROS measurements, in vivo kidney and AR/hTERT models

    PMID:34017078 PMID:34434929 PMID:34439179

    Open questions at the time
    • Mechanism of redox-sensitive mitochondrial import incompletely defined
    • How nuclear and mitochondrial ING2 pools are partitioned is unknown
    • MRPL12 ubiquitination shown in a single lab

Open questions

Synthesis pass · forward-looking unresolved questions
  • How ING2's competing PHD-domain ligands (H3K4me3 versus PtdIns(5)P) and its multiple post-translational modifications are integrated to dictate which target promoters, repair sites, or subcellular pools it engages remains unresolved.
  • No unifying model coordinating histone-mark reading, lipid binding, SUMO/ubiquitin signals
  • Genome-wide direct target map absent
  • Determinants partitioning nuclear vs mitochondrial ING2 unknown

Mechanism profile

Synthesis pass · controlled-vocabulary classification · explore literature graph →
Molecular activity
GO:0140110 transcription regulator activity 3 GO:0008289 lipid binding 2 GO:0042393 histone binding 2 GO:0060090 molecular adaptor activity 2 GO:0003677 DNA binding 1
Localization
GO:0005634 nucleus 3 GO:0005739 mitochondrion 2
Pathway
R-HSA-74160 Gene expression (Transcription) 3 R-HSA-1640170 Cell Cycle 2 R-HSA-4839726 Chromatin organization 2 R-HSA-73894 DNA Repair 2 R-HSA-162582 Signal Transduction 1
Partners
AREP300PCNASMAD2SMURF1SNONTFAMTP53
Complex memberships
mSin3A-HDAC1 co-repressor complex

Evidence

Reading pass · 24 per-paper findings extracted from the source corpus
Year Finding Method Journal Conf PMIDs
2006 The PHD domain of ING2 binds specifically and with high affinity to trimethylated and dimethylated histone H3 lysine 4 (H3K4me3/me2), functioning as an effector module for this histone mark. In response to DNA damage, this interaction stabilizes the mSin3a-HDAC1 repressive complex at promoters of proliferation genes, constituting a mechanism by which H3K4me3 drives active gene repression. Mutations disrupting H3K4me3 binding abolish ING2-mediated cellular responses to genotoxic insults. Biochemical binding assays, ChIP, loss-of-function mutagenesis, co-immunoprecipitation, cellular DNA damage response assays Nature High 16728974
2006 Crystal structure (2.0 Å) of the mouse ING2 PHD finger in complex with H3K4me3 peptide revealed that the trimethylammonium group of Lys4 is recognized by aromatic residues Y215 and W238 in a deep binding groove, with additional hydrogen-bonding contacts to Ala1, Arg2, Thr3, and Thr6 of the histone tail. Substitution of binding-site residues disrupts H3K4me3 interaction in vitro and impairs ING2-induced apoptosis in vivo. X-ray crystallography (2.0 Å resolution), in vitro binding assays, site-directed mutagenesis, apoptosis assays Nature High 16728977
2003 The PHD finger of ING2 binds phosphoinositides in vitro, including phosphatidylinositol 5-phosphate (PtdIns(5)P). The ING2 PHD finger interacts with PtdIns(5)P in vivo in the nucleus, and this interaction regulates the ability of ING2 to activate p53 and p53-dependent apoptotic pathways in response to DNA damage. In vitro lipid-binding assays, in vivo interaction studies, p53 transcriptional assays, apoptosis assays Cell High 12859901
2001 ING2 (p33ING2) negatively regulates cell growth in a p53-dependent manner and enhances p53 transcriptional activity. ING2 expression increases acetylation of p53 at Lys-382, indicating ING2 promotes p53 acetylation as part of its tumor suppressive function. ING2 is induced by DNA-damaging agents etoposide and neocarzinostatin. Cell proliferation assays, p53 transactivation reporter assays, Western blot for p53 acetylation, siRNA knockdown, overexpression Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America Medium 11481424
2005 ING2 forms a complex with p53 and the histone acetyltransferase p300, enhances the interaction between p53 and p300, and acts as a cofactor for p300-mediated p53 acetylation. ING2-mediated p300-dependent p53 acetylation triggers replicative senescence; overexpression induces senescence in young fibroblasts in a p53-dependent manner, and siRNA knockdown of ING2 delays senescence onset. Co-immunoprecipitation, siRNA knockdown, overexpression, senescence assays, colocalization studies Molecular and cellular biology Medium 16024799
2010 Treatment with the HDAC inhibitor SAHA causes dissociation of the ING2 subunit (via its PHD finger) from the Sin3 deacetylase complex. Loss of ING2 from the complex disrupts in vivo binding of the Sin3 complex to the p21 promoter, revealing a molecular mechanism by which HDAC inhibitors disrupt deacetylase function at target gene promoters. Mass spectrometry-based proteomics, Co-IP, ChIP at p21 promoter, pharmacological treatment with SAHA Chemistry & biology Medium 20142042
2006 ING2 enhances nucleotide excision repair of UV-induced DNA damage in a p53-dependent manner. ING2 is required for UV-induced histone H4 acetylation, chromatin relaxation, and recruitment of the damage-recognition protein XPA to photolesions. Knockdown of ING2 completely abolishes NER, demonstrating that physiological ING2 levels are required for this process. Host-cell reactivation assay, siRNA knockdown, histone acetylation assays, chromatin accessibility assays, XPA recruitment by immunofluorescence Cancer research Medium 16488987
2006 The leucine zipper-like (LZL) motif in the N-terminus of ING2 is critical for DNA repair, apoptosis, and chromatin remodeling after UV irradiation. Deletion of the LZL domain abrogates the association between ING2 and p53, but not between ING2 and p300, indicating ING2 functions as a scaffold mediating p53-p300 interaction. Domain deletion mutagenesis, Co-immunoprecipitation, apoptosis assays, NER assays FEBS letters Medium 16782091
2010 The HECT-type ubiquitin ligase Smurf1 interacts with ING2 and targets it for polyubiquitination and proteasomal degradation. The catalytic HECT domain of Smurf1 mediates ING2 binding, and the C-terminal PHD domain of ING2 is required for Smurf1-mediated degradation. Co-immunoprecipitation, ubiquitination assays, proteasome inhibitor experiments, domain mapping FEBS letters Medium 20621832
2013 Nuclear phosphatidylinositol-5-phosphate (PtdIns(5)P) directly associates with ING2 and is required for ING2 occupancy at a subset of genomic target promoters in response to DNA damage. PtdIns(5)P acts as a sub-nuclear trafficking factor stabilizing ING2 at discrete chromatin sites; depletion of PtdIns(5)P attenuates ING2-mediated gene repression at these targets. ChIP, PtdIns(5)P depletion, gene expression analysis, lipid-binding assays Scientific reports Medium 23823870
2008 ING2 promotes TGF-β-induced transcription and cell cycle arrest. ING2 interacts with the transcriptional modulator SnoN, and together they form a complex with Smad2. Knockdown of SnoN blocks ING2-dependent TGF-β transcription, while SnoN expression augments it, placing ING2 in the TGF-β-Smad signaling pathway as a co-activator. Co-immunoprecipitation, RNA interference, overexpression, transcriptional reporter assays, cell cycle analysis The Journal of biological chemistry Medium 18334480
2009 ING2 interacts with PCNA (proliferating cell nuclear antigen) and regulates the amount of PCNA associated with chromatin, thereby controlling DNA replication fork progression. siRNA-mediated knockdown of ING2 markedly reduces global replication rate (DNA fiber spreading), causes endoreduplication, and increases sister chromatid exchange frequency, demonstrating a role for ING2 in maintaining genome stability. Co-immunoprecipitation, DNA fiber spreading assay, siRNA knockdown, chromatin fractionation, sister chromatid exchange assay EMBO reports Medium 19730436
2010 ING2 controls the G1/S transition by regulating p21 expression independently of p53. Knockdown of ING2 accelerates G1-to-S phase progression and decreases p21 levels. This function is specific to ING2 and not shared by its closest homolog ING1. siRNA knockdown, cell cycle analysis (FACS), RT-PCR/Western blot for p21, comparative ING1 vs ING2 experiments Cell cycle (Georgetown, Tex.) Medium 20890119
2010 ING2 is sumoylated by SUMO1 on lysine 195 both in vitro and in vivo. Sumoylation of ING2 enhances its association with Sin3A and is required for ING2 binding to the promoters of specific target genes (e.g., TMEM71) and for recruitment of the Sin3A/HDAC complex to those promoters to regulate transcription. In vitro sumoylation assay, in vivo SUMO modification assay, Co-IP, ChIP, site-directed mutagenesis (K195R) Oncogene Medium 20676127
2008 ING2 associates with histone methyltransferase (HMT) activity in vitro and in vivo, methylating histone H3 with a specificity distinct from the MeCP2-recruited HMT. The ING2-associated HMT shows increased activity when H3K9 is already methylated, but reduced activity when H3K4 is mutated or methylated. The C-terminus of ING2 recruits this HMT activity and correlates with its gene silencing function, which is HDAC-independent (resistant to trichostatin A). In vitro HMT assay, co-immunoprecipitation, reporter-based silencing assays, domain deletion/mutation analysis, TSA resistance assay Biochimica et biophysica acta Medium 18513492
2010 Targeted germline disruption of Ing2 in mice causes male infertility due to defective spermatogenesis with meiotic arrest before pachytene stage, incomplete meiotic recombination, and enhanced apoptosis. Arrested spermatocytes lacked specific HDAC1 accumulation and showed deregulated chromatin acetylation, implicating an ING2/HDAC1/H3K4me3-regulated chromatin modification pathway in spermatogenesis. Ing2-null mice also develop soft-tissue sarcomas, confirming tumor suppressor function in vivo. Targeted gene knockout in mice, histology, sperm count/motility assays, immunostaining for HDAC1 and histone acetylation marks, tumor incidence analysis PloS one High 21124965
2009 ING2 protein levels increase upon MNNG treatment in an MMR (MLH1)- and c-Abl-dependent manner. MNNG-induced ING2 localizes to the nucleus and associates with p73α. Suppression of ING2 by shRNA decreases MNNG sensitivity and abrogates MNNG-induced stabilization and acetylation of p73α, placing ING2 downstream of MMR/c-Abl and upstream of p73α in the alkylation-induced cell death pathway. shRNA knockdown, immunoprecipitation, immunofluorescence, Western blot, kinase inhibitor (STI571) treatment, cell viability assays Experimental cell research Medium 19766113
2007 ING2 interacts in vivo with the corepressor Alien (also known as TRIP15/CSN2). The interaction was confirmed in vitro by GST pulldown, indicating direct binding. The binding domain was mapped to a central region of Alien. Co-expression of ING2 enhances Alien-mediated transcriptional silencing. SELDI-MS proteomics, co-immunoprecipitation, GST pulldown, transcriptional silencing assays Journal of proteome research Medium 17929852
2016 ING2 acts as a corepressor for the androgen receptor (AR): ING2 interacts with AR, hampers AR transcriptional activation, causes growth arrest, and induces cellular senescence in prostate cancer cells. ING2 protein levels are upregulated as a compensatory mechanism when ING1b is knocked down, suggesting a crosstalk between ING1 and ING2 to co-regulate AR signaling. Co-immunoprecipitation, siRNA/shRNA knockdown, luciferase reporter assays, cell growth assays, senescence assays, Ing1 knockout mouse tissues Journal of molecular medicine (Berlin, Germany) Medium 27305909
2021 ING2 is imported into the inner mitochondrial compartment in a redox-sensitive manner, and this translocation is modulated by 14-3-3η protein expression. Mitochondrial ING2 interacts with mtDNA, and this interaction is mediated by TFAM. Loss of mitochondrial ING2 decreases mitochondrial ROS production and impairs OXPHOS activity, establishing ING2 as a regulator of mitochondrial respiration and metabolic homeostasis. Subcellular fractionation, immunofluorescence/confocal microscopy, Co-immunoprecipitation (ING2-TFAM), oxygen consumption rate (OCR) assay, ROS measurement, siRNA knockdown Oncogene Medium 34017078
2021 ING2 positively regulates mitochondrial respiration in tubular epithelial cells by controlling the ubiquitination and stability of MRPL12, a mitochondrial transcription factor, thereby modulating mtDNA transcription and expression of mtDNA-encoded respiratory chain components. ING2 overexpression in vivo ameliorates acute ischemic kidney injury. Co-immunoprecipitation, ubiquitination assay, oxygen consumption rate assay, PCR/Western blot, immunofluorescence, in vivo kidney-specific overexpression mouse model Frontiers in cell and developmental biology Medium 34434929
2021 ING1 and ING2 are recruited to the negative androgen response element (nARE) in the hTERT core promoter in an androgen-dependent manner, and knockdown of ING1 and ING2 blocks AR-mediated repression of hTERT, establishing both as AR co-repressors required for supraphysiological androgen-induced hTERT repression. ChIP, siRNA knockdown, luciferase reporter assays, RT-PCR, cancer spheroid models Cancers Medium 34439179
2012 ING2 is required for myogenic differentiation of C2C12 cells; RNAi knockdown blocks differentiation into myotubes. Structure-function analysis shows the leucine zipper motif is required for ING2-driven differentiation, while the PHD domain inhibits this function. The Sin3A-HDAC1 complex, which interacts with ING2, is also required for ING2-dependent muscle differentiation. RNAi knockdown, overexpression, domain deletion/mutation analysis, myogenic differentiation assay, Co-immunoprecipitation PloS one Medium 22808232
2009 ING2 upregulates matrix metalloproteinase 13 (MMP13) expression, and this regulation requires the ING2-HDAC1-mSin3A complex. Co-expression of ING2 with HDAC1 or mSin3A further induces MMP13. ING2 overexpression increases invasive potential of colon cancer cells, establishing a functional link between ING2 chromatin complex activity and MMP13-dependent invasion. Microarray, overexpression, siRNA knockdown, EMSA, luciferase assays (NF-κB on ING2 promoter), in vitro invasion assay, RT-PCR/Western blot International journal of cancer Medium 19437536

Source papers

Stage 0 corpus · 47 papers · ranked by NIH iCite citations
Year Title Journal Citations PMID
2006 ING2 PHD domain links histone H3 lysine 4 methylation to active gene repression. Nature 751 16728974
2006 Molecular mechanism of histone H3K4me3 recognition by plant homeodomain of ING2. Nature 565 16728977
2003 The PHD finger of the chromatin-associated protein ING2 functions as a nuclear phosphoinositide receptor. Cell 440 12859901
2001 DNA damage-inducible gene p33ING2 negatively regulates cell proliferation through acetylation of p53. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 177 11481424
2005 ING2 regulates the onset of replicative senescence by induction of p300-dependent p53 acetylation. Molecular and cellular biology 110 16024799
2010 Deacetylase inhibitors dissociate the histone-targeting ING2 subunit from the Sin3 complex. Chemistry & biology 65 20142042
2006 The novel tumor suppressor p33ING2 enhances nucleotide excision repair via inducement of histone H4 acetylation and chromatin relaxation. Cancer research 63 16488987
1998 Cloning of a novel gene (ING1L) homologous to ING1, a candidate tumor suppressor. Cytogenetics and cell genetics 62 10072587
2013 ING1 and ING2: multifaceted tumor suppressor genes. Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS 52 23412501
2007 Decreased expression of ING2 gene and its clinicopathological significance in hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancer letters 50 18160212
2010 Targeted disruption of Ing2 results in defective spermatogenesis and development of soft-tissue sarcomas. PloS one 49 21124965
2013 Nuclear phosphatidylinositol-5-phosphate regulates ING2 stability at discrete chromatin targets in response to DNA damage. Scientific reports 47 23823870
2008 ING2 as a novel mediator of transforming growth factor-beta-dependent responses in epithelial cells. The Journal of biological chemistry 46 18334480
2006 Leucine zipper-like domain is required for tumor suppressor ING2-mediated nucleotide excision repair and apoptosis. FEBS letters 46 16782091
2006 Nuclear ING2 expression is reduced in human cutaneous melanomas. British journal of cancer 44 16755297
2009 ING2 is upregulated in colon cancer and increases invasion by enhanced MMP13 expression. International journal of cancer 39 19437536
2006 Alterations in novel candidate tumor suppressor genes, ING1 and ING2 in human lung cancer. Oncology reports 36 16465410
2010 HECT ubiquitin ligase Smurf1 targets the tumor suppressor ING2 for ubiquitination and degradation. FEBS letters 35 20621832
2020 The Role of Petrimonas mucosa ING2-E5AT in Mesophilic Biogas Reactor Systems as Deduced from Multiomics Analyses. Microorganisms 32 33348776
2004 Loss of heterozygosity on chromosome 4q32-35 in sporadic basal cell carcinomas: evidence for the involvement of p33ING2/ING1L and SAP30 genes. Journal of cutaneous pathology 32 15005689
2008 Frequent deletion of ING2 locus at 4q35.1 associates with advanced tumor stage in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology 31 18998165
2007 Stabilized phosphatidylinositol-5-phosphate analogues as ligands for the nuclear protein ING2: chemistry, biology, and molecular modeling. Journal of the American Chemical Society 31 17469822
2004 The novel tumor suppressor p33ING2 enhances UVB-induced apoptosis in human melanoma cells. Experimental cell research 31 15748897
2009 ING2 controls the progression of DNA replication forks to maintain genome stability. EMBO reports 30 19730436
2010 ING2 controls the G1 to S-phase transition by regulating p21 expression. Cell cycle (Georgetown, Tex.) 25 20890119
2009 Expression of candidate tumor suppressor gene ING2 is lost in non-small cell lung carcinoma. Lung cancer (Amsterdam, Netherlands) 23 19962781
2010 Sumoylation of ING2 regulates the transcription mediated by Sin3A. Oncogene 22 20676127
2012 Identification of a novel function for the chromatin remodeling protein ING2 in muscle differentiation. PloS one 21 22808232
2016 A novel crosstalk between the tumor suppressors ING1 and ING2 regulates androgen receptor signaling. Journal of molecular medicine (Berlin, Germany) 19 27305909
2021 Antithetic hTERT Regulation by Androgens in Prostate Cancer Cells: hTERT Inhibition Is Mediated by the ING1 and ING2 Tumor Suppressors. Cancers 17 34439179
2008 A novel ING2 isoform, ING2b, synergizes with ING2a to prevent cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. FEBS letters 17 18951897
2005 Multiple variants of the ING1 and ING2 tumor suppressors are differentially expressed and thyroid hormone-responsive in Xenopus laevis. General and comparative endocrinology 17 15955533
2018 Cell-free plasma hypermethylated CASZ1, CDH13 and ING2 are promising biomarkers of esophageal cancer. Journal of biomedical research 16 30355852
2008 ING2 recruits histone methyltransferase activity with methylation site specificity distinct from histone H3 lysines 4 and 9. Biochimica et biophysica acta 16 18513492
2022 ING2-WTAP is a potential therapeutic target in non-small cell lung cancer. Biochemical and biophysical research communications 14 35306362
2017 ING2, a tumor associated gene, enhances PAI‑1 and HSPA1A expression with HDAC1 and mSin3A through the PHD domain and C‑terminal. Molecular medicine reports 11 28944862
2014 Complete genome sequence of Peptoniphilus sp. strain ING2-D1G isolated from a mesophilic lab-scale completely stirred tank reactor utilizing maize silage in co-digestion with pig and cattle manure for biomethanation. Journal of biotechnology 10 25242663
2021 ING2 tumor suppressive protein translocates into mitochondria and is involved in cellular metabolism homeostasis. Oncogene 9 34017078
2019 Exploiting ING2 Epigenetic Modulation as a Therapeutic Opportunity for Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Cancers 8 31640185
2015 ING2 (inhibitor of growth protein-2) plays a crucial role in preimplantation development. Zygote (Cambridge, England) 8 25672483
2007 The tumor suppressors p33ING1 and p33ING2 interact with alien in vivo and enhance alien-mediated gene silencing. Journal of proteome research 8 17929852
2021 ING2 Controls Mitochondrial Respiration via Modulating MRPL12 Ubiquitination in Renal Tubular Epithelial Cells. Frontiers in cell and developmental biology 6 34434929
2014 Nuclear ING2 expression is reduced in osteosarcoma. Oncology reports 6 25190103
2014 Decreased expression of ING2 gene and its clinicopathological significance in Chinese NSCLC patients. Neoplasma 4 24712846
2009 MMR/c-Abl-dependent activation of ING2/p73alpha signaling regulates the cell death response to N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine. Experimental cell research 4 19766113
2007 Multiple ING1 and ING2 genes in Xenopus laevis and evidence for differential association of thyroid hormone receptors and ING proteins to their promoters. Biochimica et biophysica acta 3 18167318
2017 The completely annotated genome and comparative genomics of the Peptoniphilaceae bacterium str. ING2-D1G, a novel acidogenic bacterium isolated from a mesophilic biogas reactor. Journal of biotechnology 2 28595834

Missed literature

Know a paper Affinage missed for ING2? Flag it for the maintainers and the community.

No submissions yet.