Affinage

GOLGA2

Golgin subfamily A member 2 · UniProt Q08379

Length
1002 aa
Mass
113.1 kDa
Annotated
2026-06-10
66 papers in source corpus 33 papers cited in narrative 33 extracted findings
Cross-family judge vs UniProt: Affinage preferred faithfulness: 7/7 claims corpus-supported (100%)

Mechanistic narrative

Synthesis pass · prose summary of the discoveries below

GOLGA2 (GM130) is a peripheral cis-Golgi membrane protein that serves as a multivalent structural and signaling scaffold governing Golgi architecture, membrane trafficking, microtubule organization, and cell-cycle-coupled organelle dynamics (PMID:8557739, PMID:9150144). Through its N-terminus it tethers incoming COPI vesicles by binding p115, increasing the efficiency of vesicle fusion at the cis-Golgi, and it directly engages the t-SNARE syntaxin 5 to couple tethering to membrane fusion in ER-to-Golgi transport (PMID:9150144, PMID:10679020, PMID:18167358). Its C-terminus binds GRASP65 across both PDZ domains to drive the lateral cisternal fusion events that build and maintain the continuous Golgi ribbon (PMID:9628863, PMID:16489344, PMID:26363069), a function reinforced by its capacity to act as a membrane-bound RNA-binding protein whose intrinsically disordered N-terminal domain undergoes liquid-liquid phase separation with RNA to link Golgi membranes (PMID:31833055, PMID:38992139). Mitotic entry switches GM130 off as a tether: CDK1 phosphorylates Ser-25 to block p115, syntaxin 5, and Rab1 binding and drive Golgi fragmentation, with PP2A-Bα reversing this at telophase (PMID:9753325, PMID:10769027, PMID:18167358); concurrently GM130 sequesters importin α through an NLS to liberate the spindle factor TPX2 for Golgi-derived microtubule nucleation and spindle orientation (PMID:26165940, PMID:33526712). GM130 organizes the microtubule cytoskeleton by recruiting AKAP450 for Golgi-based microtubule nucleation and scaffolds signaling outputs including YSK1/MST4 kinase activation and Tuba/RasGRF-Cdc42 complexes that control centrosome organization and directed cell migration (PMID:15037601, PMID:19109421, PMID:19242490, PMID:25208761). It additionally tethers GABARAP to suppress autophagy until WAC-mediated release (PMID:26687599). In vivo, neuronal GM130 loss causes Golgi fragmentation, secretory defects, and progressive ataxia (PMID:28028212), and its degradation via HIF-1α/NEDD4-mediated ubiquitination disrupts Golgi structure and lipid trafficking (PMID:39900792).

Mechanistic history

Synthesis pass · year-by-year structured walk · 23 steps
  1. 1995 High

    Establishing the existence and properties of GM130 was needed before any function could be assigned; this defined it as a stable cis-Golgi peripheral scaffold protein.

    Evidence Biochemical fractionation, immuno-EM, and cDNA cloning characterizing an oligomeric coiled-coil Golgi protein resistant to brefeldin A

    PMID:8557739

    Open questions at the time
    • No functional partners identified at this stage
    • Mechanism of membrane attachment not resolved
  2. 1997 High

    It was unknown how vesicles dock at the cis-Golgi; GM130 was shown to bind p115 directly, providing a tethering site for COPI vesicles and explaining mitotic Golgi fragmentation through phosphoregulation of this interaction.

    Evidence Deletion mapping, co-IP, and in vitro Golgi reassembly with peptide inhibition

    PMID:9150144

    Open questions at the time
    • Identity of the mitotic kinase not yet established
    • How tethering couples to fusion machinery unknown
  3. 1998 High

    The mitotic switch was mechanistically defined: CDK1/Cdc2 directly phosphorylates Ser-25 to drive Golgi fragmentation, and the GRASP65 C-terminal interaction was mapped, establishing GM130 as a bipartite scaffold linking vesicle docking and stacking.

    Evidence In vitro kinase assay with site-directed mutagenesis; gel filtration, IP, and GFP-reporter mapping of the GRASP65 site

    PMID:9628863 PMID:9753325

    Open questions at the time
    • Phosphatase reversing Ser-25 not identified
    • Stoichiometry of the GM130-GRASP65-p115 complex unresolved
  4. 2000 High

    The temporal control and physiological consequence of GM130 tethering were resolved: PP2A-Bα dephosphorylates Ser-25 at telophase, and inhibiting p115 binding impairs cargo transport, demonstrating the tether increases vesicle fusion efficiency.

    Evidence Phosphospecific antibody cell-cycle staging with phosphatase IP; microinjection/overexpression with EM and VSV-G transport readouts

    PMID:10679020 PMID:10769027 PMID:11035033

    Open questions at the time
    • Sequential ordering relative to giantin from single lab
    • Direct fusion catalysis not reconstituted
  5. 2001 Medium

    GM130 was placed within Rab-GTPase signaling at the cis-Golgi, acting as a GTP-dependent effector of Rab1 (and implicated for Rab33b) for COPII vesicle targeting, broadening its role beyond COPI tethering.

    Evidence Yeast two-hybrid, GST pulldown with GTP-locked Rabs, mutagenesis, and vesicle transport assays

    PMID:11285137 PMID:11306556 PMID:11718716

    Open questions at the time
    • Rab33b interaction rests on a single pulldown without reciprocal IP
    • Functional separation of Rab1 vs p115 inputs incomplete
  6. 2004 High

    It was unclear how the Golgi nucleates signaling; GM130 was shown to recruit and allosterically activate YSK1/MST4 kinases, linking the scaffold to Golgi organization, cell migration, and invasion.

    Evidence Co-IP, GM130-dependent in vitro kinase activation assay, substrate screen, and dominant-negative migration/invasion assays

    PMID:15037601

    Open questions at the time
    • Downstream effectors of 14-3-3ζ phosphorylation unclear
    • Single lab
  7. 2006 High

    The ribbon-building function was defined: GM130 and GRASP65 mediate the lateral cisternal fusion events required for a continuous ribbon and uniform Golgi enzyme distribution.

    Evidence siRNA knockdown with FRAP, live imaging, and enzyme distribution assays

    PMID:16489344

    Open questions at the time
    • Molecular fusion intermediates not visualized
    • Relative contributions of GM130 vs GRASP65 not separated
  8. 2007 High

    How tethering couples to fusion and to membrane dynamics was clarified: GM130 directly binds syntaxin 5, with p115 and mitotic phosphorylation allosterically gating syntaxin 5/Rab1 binding, and GM130 cycling drives EGC tethering into stacks.

    Evidence In vitro binding/mutagenesis with allosteric competition; RNAi with EM, live imaging, and trafficking assays

    PMID:17314401 PMID:18167358

    Open questions at the time
    • SNARE-pairing partners of syntaxin 5 at this step not mapped
    • Quantitative kinetics of the conformational switch unresolved
  9. 2007 Medium

    GM130 was extended beyond the secretory pathway into cytoskeletal and cell-cycle control, with depletion causing centrosome mispositioning, defective microtubule organization, and mitotic spindle defects.

    Evidence RNAi across multiple cell lines with immunofluorescence, live imaging, and migration assays

    PMID:18045989

    Open questions at the time
    • Molecular link between Golgi GM130 and centrosomes not yet defined
    • Single lab
  10. 2008 High

    The centrosome connection was mechanistically resolved: GM130 scaffolds a Tuba GEF-Cdc42 complex at the Golgi, with epistasis placing Cdc42 activation downstream of GM130 for centrosome regulation.

    Evidence Reciprocal co-IP, RNAi, and constitutively active Cdc42 rescue/epistasis

    PMID:19109421

    Open questions at the time
    • Spatial activation of Cdc42 not yet imaged directly
    • Single lab
  11. 2009 High

    Golgi-based microtubule nucleation was attributed to GM130: it is required to recruit AKAP450 to the cis-Golgi, organizing the MT-nucleating network.

    Evidence siRNA depletion, MT regrowth assay, and brefeldin A redistribution analysis

    PMID:19242490

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct vs indirect AKAP450 binding not distinguished
    • γ-TuRC recruitment hierarchy unresolved
  12. 2010 Medium

    A post-translational regulator of ribbon architecture was identified: PRMT5 methylates GM130 N-terminal arginines, a modification critical for Golgi ribbon maintenance.

    Evidence Co-IP, in vitro methylation, siRNA, and mutagenesis with ribbon-formation readout

    PMID:20421892

    Open questions at the time
    • Functional readers of methyl-arginine unknown
    • Single lab
  13. 2011 Medium

    GM130's mitotic/meiotic spindle role was demonstrated in vivo in oocytes, where it is required for spindle formation, MTOC factor localization, and spindle migration.

    Evidence Morpholino knockdown with immunofluorescence, live imaging, and nocodazole treatment

    PMID:21552007

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct molecular targets at the meiotic MTOC not defined
    • Single lab
  14. 2011 Medium

    GM130 was identified as a host target of bacterial pathogens, with the EPEC/EHEC effector EspG binding GM130 to fragment the Golgi and disrupt secretion.

    Evidence Y2H confirmed by affinity co-purification and co-IP with ectopic expression and secretion assays

    PMID:21740499

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether EspG blocks specific GM130 interactions not resolved
    • Single lab
  15. 2013 High

    A regulatory role in autophagy was established: GM130 tethers GABARAP to the Golgi to suppress autophagy, and WAC binding releases GABARAP to activate ULK kinase via its LIR motif.

    Evidence Direct binding/mutagenesis, siRNA with specific rescue, and ULK kinase assays

    PMID:26687599

    Open questions at the time
    • Stimuli controlling WAC-GM130 association incomplete
    • Single lab
  16. 2014 Medium

    GM130 was shown to spatially pattern Cdc42 signaling for migration via a RasGRF complex, and to function across organisms in dendritic Golgi outpost organization and acentrosomal MT growth.

    Evidence Co-IP, Cdc42 FRET activity, siRNA/rescue in mammalian cells; RNAi with live imaging and branching quantification in Drosophila

    PMID:24835455 PMID:25208761

    Open questions at the time
    • Link between Golgi Cdc42 pool and EMT markers correlational
    • Single lab per system
  17. 2015 High

    The mechanism of Golgi-derived spindle assembly and the structural basis of stacking were resolved: GM130 sequesters importin α via an NLS to release TPX2/Aurora-A, and the crystal structure showed GM130 engages both GRASP65 PDZ domains, while GM130 was redefined as a flexible parallel homotetramer.

    Evidence NLS mutagenesis, co-IP, MT regrowth; 1.96 Å crystal structure with mutagenesis; gel filtration, EM, and analytical ultracentrifugation

    PMID:25787021 PMID:26165940 PMID:26363069

    Open questions at the time
    • Oligomeric state lacks mutagenesis validation
    • Conformational switching trigger not defined
  18. 2016 High

    GM130 loss was causally linked to neurodegeneration in vivo, with neuronal deletion producing Golgi fragmentation, secretory defects, Purkinje cell loss, and progressive ataxia.

    Evidence Conditional knockout mice with immunofluorescence, EM, trafficking assays, and behavioral phenotyping

    PMID:28028212

    Open questions at the time
    • Specific secreted cargoes driving the phenotype not identified
    • Cell-autonomy versus circuit effects unresolved
  19. 2017 Medium

    A tissue-specific vesicle-sorting role was defined: GM130 is required for fusion of pro-acrosomic vesicles into a single acrosome, with knockout causing globozoospermia and disrupted AP1/TGN46 sorting.

    Evidence Knockout mouse with EM and co-localization analysis

    PMID:28055014

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct sorting machinery interaction inferred from co-localization
    • Single lab
  20. 2019 Medium

    A biophysical basis for GM130 self-assembly emerged: purified GM130 undergoes liquid-liquid phase separation at near-physiological concentrations, forming droplets in cells.

    Evidence In vitro phase separation with recombinant protein and live-cell imaging of overexpressed protein

    PMID:31833055

    Open questions at the time
    • Physiological driver of condensation not identified at this stage
    • No mutagenesis of the responsible region
  21. 2021 High

    The importin α switch was refined: CDK1 phosphorylation of importin α Ser-62 reprograms its substrate preference toward GM130, enabling local TPX2 activation for astral MT growth and spindle orientation.

    Evidence Importin α S62A mutagenesis, co-IP competition, and astral MT/spindle orientation assays

    PMID:33526712

    Open questions at the time
    • Spatial coordination with other spindle cues incomplete
    • Single lab
  22. 2024 High

    The mechanism of ribbon continuity was unified: GM130 is a membrane-bound RNA-binding protein whose IDR drives RNA-co-condensation, and GM130-RNA condensates are sufficient to link purified Golgi membranes.

    Evidence RNA-binding assays, auxin-inducible degron depletion, IDR deletion mutagenesis, and in vitro condensate reconstitution with purified membranes

    PMID:38992139

    Open questions at the time
    • RNA species and sequence determinants not fully defined
    • Interplay between RNA condensation and GRASP65 stacking unresolved
  23. 2025 Medium

    A degradative regulatory axis was established: hypoxic HIF-1α activation drives NEDD4-mediated ubiquitination and degradation of GM130, condensing the Golgi and disrupting lipid trafficking and apolipoprotein secretion.

    Evidence Hypoxia/HFD mouse model, ubiquitination assay, HIF-1α inhibitor, siRNA, and apolipoprotein secretion assays

    PMID:39900792

    Open questions at the time
    • Ubiquitination site on GM130 not mapped
    • Single lab

Open questions

Synthesis pass · forward-looking unresolved questions
  • How GM130's RNA-driven phase separation, GRASP65-mediated stacking, Rab/SNARE tethering, and methylation/ubiquitination signals are integrated into a single regulated ribbon-maintenance program remains unresolved.
  • No unified model coordinating condensation, stacking, and tethering
  • Cross-talk between PRMT5 methylation and NEDD4 ubiquitination unknown
  • In vivo relevance of phase separation versus protein-protein tethering not separated

Mechanism profile

Synthesis pass · controlled-vocabulary classification · explore literature graph →
Molecular activity
GO:0060090 molecular adaptor activity 5 GO:0005198 structural molecule activity 3 GO:0098772 molecular function regulator activity 3 GO:0003723 RNA binding 1
Localization
GO:0005794 Golgi apparatus 4 GO:0005815 microtubule organizing center 3
Pathway
R-HSA-1640170 Cell Cycle 4 R-HSA-1852241 Organelle biogenesis and maintenance 4 R-HSA-162582 Signal Transduction 3 R-HSA-5653656 Vesicle-mediated transport 3 R-HSA-9612973 Autophagy 1
Partners
AKAP9GABARAPGORASP1KPNA2RAB1ASTK25STX5USO1
Complex memberships
GM130-GRASP65 complexGM130-Tuba-Cdc42 complexGM130-p115 tethering complex

Evidence

Reading pass · 33 per-paper findings extracted from the source corpus
Year Finding Method Journal Conf PMIDs
1995 GM130 (GOLGA2) is a peripheral cytoplasmic protein tightly bound to Golgi membranes at the cis-Golgi network, forming part of a larger oligomeric complex. It has extended rod-like structure with coiled-coil domains and is not redistributed to the ER by brefeldin A treatment. Biochemical fractionation, immunofluorescence microscopy, immunoelectron microscopy, cDNA cloning The Journal of cell biology High 8557739
1997 GM130 N-terminus directly binds the vesicle-docking protein p115, providing a membrane docking site for COPI vesicles at the cis-Golgi. Mitotic phosphorylation of GM130 prevents p115 binding, explaining Golgi fragmentation at mitosis onset. An N-terminal GM130 peptide inhibited NSF-dependent (but not p97-dependent) reassembly of Golgi cisternae from mitotic fragments. Deletion analysis, co-immunoprecipitation, in vitro Golgi reassembly assay, peptide inhibition Cell High 9150144
1998 Cdc2 (CDK1) kinase directly phosphorylates GM130 at a single serine residue (Ser-25), and this phosphorylation is required for mitotic Golgi fragmentation. MEK1 was shown not to be required for GM130 phosphorylation or mitotic Golgi fragmentation either in vitro or in vivo. In vitro kinase assay, site-directed mutagenesis, mass spectrometry peptide mapping, cell-based fragmentation assay Cell High 9753325
1998 GRASP65 and GM130 form a complex on Golgi membranes that can recruit p115. The GRASP65 binding site on GM130 maps to the sequence xxNDxxxIMVI-COOH at the C-terminus (also required for Golgi localization), and the GM130-binding site on GRASP65 maps to amino acids 189–201. GFP-reporter experiments showed that the GRASP65–GM130 interaction is required for correct targeting of both proteins to the Golgi. Gel filtration, immunoprecipitation, in vitro translation, site-directed mutagenesis, GFP fusion reporters The EMBO journal High 9628863
2000 GM130 is phosphorylated on Ser-25 in prophase coinciding with Golgi breakdown; it remains phosphorylated through metaphase/anaphase and is dephosphorylated in telophase during Golgi reassembly. PP2A containing the Bα regulatory subunit was identified as the phosphatase responsible for dephosphorylating GM130 Ser-25 at mitotic exit. Phosphospecific antibody, temporal cell-cycle analysis, phosphatase inhibitor studies, immunoprecipitation of phosphatase The Journal of cell biology High 10769027
2000 Inhibition of p115 binding to GM130 (by microinjection of N-terminal GM130 peptide or overexpression of N-terminal-deleted GM130) increases the number of COP-sized transport vesicles and significantly inhibits VSV-G protein intracellular transport, demonstrating that the GM130–p115 tethering complex increases efficiency of vesicle fusion with the Golgi. Microinjection, overexpression, immunofluorescence quantification, electron microscopy Molecular biology of the cell High 10679020
2000 Anti-GM130 antibodies inhibit VSV-G transport to the mannosidase II-containing Golgi compartment at a step after the p115-requiring step but before the giantin-requiring step, indicating a sequential role for p115, GM130, and giantin in ER-to-Golgi trafficking. Antibody microinjection, VSV-G transport assay, immunofluorescence The Journal of biological chemistry Medium 11035033
2001 GM130, complexed with GRASP65 and other proteins, forms a Rab1 effector complex that interacts with activated Rab1-GTP in a p115-independent manner, and is required for COPII vesicle targeting/fusion with the cis-Golgi. GST pulldown, co-immunoprecipitation, vesicle transport assay Traffic (Copenhagen, Denmark) Medium 11285137
2001 Rab1b interacts specifically with GM130 in a GTP-dependent manner requiring the hypervariable N- and C-termini of Rab1b, with the Rab1b-binding site on GM130 distinct from the p115 and GRASP65 binding sites. Yeast two-hybrid screen, in vitro binding assay, mutagenesis EMBO reports Medium 11306556
2001 GST-Rab33b (GTP-locked) interacts with GM130 by Western blotting/mass spectrometry, identifying GM130 as a putative effector of Rab33b, which regulates retrograde Golgi-to-ER transport. GST pulldown, mass spectrometry, microinjection of Rab33b mutants FEBS letters Low 11718716
2004 GM130 acts as a scaffold to recruit mammalian Ste20 kinases YSK1 and MST4 to the Golgi apparatus, and GM130 binding activates these kinases by promoting autophosphorylation of a conserved T-loop threonine. YSK1 phosphorylates 14-3-3ζ as a substrate at the Golgi. Interference with YSK1 disrupts perinuclear Golgi organization, cell migration, and collagen invasion. Co-immunoprecipitation, in vitro kinase assay, dominant-negative expression, biochemical substrate screen The Journal of cell biology High 15037601
2006 GM130 and GRASP65 are required for lateral cisternal fusion events that form the continuous Golgi ribbon, and these fusion events are necessary for uniform distribution of Golgi enzymes across the ribbon. siRNA knockdown, live-cell imaging, fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP), enzyme distribution assay Nature cell biology High 16489344
2007 GM130 directly binds syntaxin 5 (a t-SNARE) via the membrane-proximal region of GM130. p115 binding to a distal site in GM130 inhibits GM130's interaction with syntaxin 5 and with Rab1. Mitotic phosphorylation also inhibits these interactions. GM130 depletion by RNAi slows ER-to-Golgi trafficking in vivo. Co-immunoprecipitation, in vitro binding assay, mutagenesis, RNAi knockdown, transport assay The Journal of biological chemistry High 18167358
2007 GM130 depletion by RNAi in human cells causes abnormal interphase centrosomes that are mispositioned and defective for microtubule organization and cell migration; when depleted cells enter mitosis, they form multipolar spindles and arrest in metaphase. RNA interference (RNAi), immunofluorescence, live-cell imaging, cell migration assay Molecular biology of the cell Medium 18045989
2007 GM130 cycling between cis-Golgi compartments and ER-to-Golgi carriers (EGCs) is required for homotypic tethering and fusion of EGCs and their incorporation into Golgi stacks to form the Golgi ribbon. In absence of GM130, EGCs remain as distinct entities causing tubulovesicular membrane accumulation, shortened cisternae, and ribbon breakdown. siRNA knockdown, electron microscopy, live-cell imaging, cargo trafficking assay Molecular biology of the cell Medium 17314401
2008 GM130 regulates centrosome organization through a Golgi-associated complex with the Rho GEF Tuba and Cdc42. GM130 interaction with Tuba controls Tuba-mediated activation of Cdc42 at the Golgi; blocking Tuba or Cdc42 reproduces GM130-depletion centrosome phenotype; constitutively active Cdc42 bypasses the requirement for GM130 in centrosome regulation, placing Cdc42 downstream of GM130. Co-immunoprecipitation, RNAi knockdown, constitutively active mutant rescue, immunofluorescence Molecular biology of the cell High 19109421
2009 Microtubule nucleation at the Golgi apparatus requires AKAP450, which binds the cis-side of the Golgi in a GM130-dependent manner. Depletion of GM130 disorganizes the AKAP450 network and impairs Golgi-based MT nucleation; brefeldin A redistributes AKAP450 to ER exit sites along with MT nucleation activity. siRNA knockdown, microtubule regrowth assay, immunofluorescence, brefeldin A treatment The EMBO journal High 19242490
2010 PRMT5 localizes to the Golgi, forms complexes with GM130 and other Golgi ribbon/vesicle-tethering components, and methylates N-terminal arginines in GM130. PRMT5 depletion causes Golgi ribbon formation defects; arginine methylation of GM130 is critical for Golgi ribbon maintenance. Co-immunoprecipitation, in vitro methylation assay, siRNA knockdown, mutagenesis, immunofluorescence Cell research Medium 20421892
2011 In mouse oocyte meiosis, GM130 localizes to spindle poles and midbody in a spindle-dependent manner; morpholino-mediated knockdown causes abnormal spindle formation, reduced polar body extrusion, impaired localization of γ-tubulin and Plk1 at MTOCs, aberrant spindle migration, and blocked p-MEK1/2 accumulation at spindle poles. Morpholino microinjection, immunofluorescence, live-cell imaging, nocodazole treatment Cell cycle (Georgetown, Tex.) Medium 21552007
2013 WAC and GM130 directly interact at the Golgi; WAC binding to GM130 is required for autophagy. GM130 tethers GABARAP to the Golgi, inhibiting autophagy; WAC suppresses GM130 binding to GABARAP to allow centrosomal GABARAP delivery to the phagophore. Specifically, unlipidated and lipidated GABARAP (but not LC3B, GABARAPL1, or GATE-16) activates ULK kinase via the ULK1 LIR motif, revealing a non-hierarchical role for GABARAP in starvation-induced autophagy. Co-immunoprecipitation, siRNA knockdown, immunofluorescence, in vitro binding, ULK kinase assay Molecular cell High 26687599
2014 GM130 forms a complex with RasGRF at the Golgi to regulate the Golgi pool of Cdc42. GM130 silencing causes RasGRF-dependent inhibition of Golgi Cdc42 (not plasma membrane Cdc42), disrupts asymmetric front-rear Cdc42-GTP distribution in migrating cells, and activates RasGRF-dependent Ras-ERK signaling. GM130 loss also induces E-cadherin downregulation indicative of EMT. Co-immunoprecipitation, Cdc42 activity (FRET) assay, siRNA knockdown, rescue experiments Nature communications Medium 25208761
2014 In Drosophila dendrites, GM130 is responsible for connecting distinct Golgi compartments at soma and dendritic branch points; GM130 distribution determines the compartmental organization of dendritic Golgi outposts, which in turn regulates acentrosomal microtubule growth and dendritic branching. RNAi knockdown, immunofluorescence in vivo, live imaging, dendritic branching quantification Current biology : CB Medium 24835455
2015 GM130 interacts with importin α via a classical nuclear localization signal (NLS) at mitotic entry, sequestering importin α on Golgi membranes. This releases the spindle assembly factor TPX2, which activates Aurora-A and stimulates local microtubule nucleation. GM130 also captures nascent microtubules, linking Golgi membranes to the spindle for organelle inheritance. Co-immunoprecipitation, immunofluorescence, mutagenesis of NLS, siRNA knockdown, microtubule regrowth assay Cell High 26165940
2015 Crystal structure of GRASP65 PDZ domains in complex with the GM130 C-terminal peptide (1.96 Å resolution) reveals that GM130 simultaneously binds both PDZ1 and PDZ2 domains of GRASP65, contrary to prior models proposing only PDZ2 involvement. Mutagenesis experiments confirmed the structural observations. X-ray crystallography (1.96 Å), site-directed mutagenesis, co-immunoprecipitation The Journal of biological chemistry High 26363069
2015 GM130 is a parallel homotetramer (not a homodimer as previously assumed) with a flexible rod-like structure exhibiting N-terminally open (Y-shaped) and closed (I-shaped) conformations, as revealed by biochemical and electron microscopic analyses. Gel filtration, electron microscopy, analytical ultracentrifugation The FEBS journal Medium 25787021
2016 Targeted neuronal deletion of GM130 in mice causes Golgi fragmentation and defective positioning in Purkinje cells, impaired secretory trafficking, dendritic atrophy, reduced cerebellar size and Purkinje cell number, and progressive ataxia, demonstrating that Golgi dysfunction via GM130 loss is causally linked to neurodegeneration in vivo. Conditional knockout mice, immunofluorescence, electron microscopy, secretory trafficking assay, behavioral phenotyping Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America High 28028212
2017 GM130 knockout in mice causes globozoospermia; loss of GM130 does not affect secretion of pro-acrosomic vesicles but prevents their fusion into a single large acrosome vesicle. GM130 loss disrupts co-localization of adaptor protein complex AP1 and TGN46, suggesting GM130 is required for sorting and coating of Golgi-derived pro-acrosomic vesicles. Knockout mouse model, immunofluorescence, electron microscopy, co-localization analysis Cell death & disease Medium 28055014
2019 Purified recombinant GM130 undergoes liquid-liquid phase separation into dynamic liquid-like droplets in near-physiological buffers at concentrations similar to its estimated local concentration at the cis-Golgi. Overexpressed GM130 also forms liquid droplets in cells. In vitro phase separation assay with recombinant protein, live-cell imaging of overexpressed protein FEBS letters Medium 31833055
2021 CDK1-mediated phosphorylation of importin α at Ser-62 switches its substrate preference from TPX2 to GM130, thereby enabling GM130 to compete for importin α binding and locally activate TPX2 at the spindle pole area to promote astral microtubule growth and proper spindle orientation. Mutagenesis (importin α S62A), co-immunoprecipitation, astral microtubule growth assay, spindle orientation measurement Journal of cell science High 33526712
2024 GM130 is a membrane-bound RNA-binding protein that directly recruits RNA and associated RNA-binding proteins to the Golgi membrane. RNA–GM130 condensates maintain the Golgi ribbon through liquid-liquid phase separation mediated by an intrinsically disordered N-terminal domain of GM130. Acute RNA degradation or GM130 loss disrupts the ribbon; GM130–RNA co-condensates are sufficient to link purified Golgi membranes in vitro. RNA-binding assay, acute RNA degradation (auxin-inducible degron for GM130), in vitro condensate reconstitution with purified membranes, deletion mutagenesis of IDR, live-cell imaging Nature cell biology High 38992139
2002 GM130 interacts with the C-terminus of the HERG potassium channel in the Golgi; LQT2-causing HERG C-terminal mutations selectively disrupt this GM130 interaction. Overexpression of GM130 suppresses HERG current amplitude, suggesting GM130 functions as a checkpoint in HERG trafficking through the Golgi. Yeast two-hybrid, co-immunoprecipitation from HEK-293 cells, confocal co-localization, Xenopus oocyte current measurement The Journal of biological chemistry Medium 12270925
2011 Bacterial effector EspG (from EPEC/EHEC) binds GM130 as identified by Y2H and confirmed by affinity co-purification and co-immunoprecipitation. EspG expression localizes to the Golgi and induces its fragmentation, disrupting protein secretion more potently than NleA/EspI. Yeast two-hybrid, affinity co-purification, co-immunoprecipitation, ectopic expression, secretion assay Cellular microbiology Medium 21740499
2025 HIF-1α activation under hypoxia induces NEDD4-mediated ubiquitination and degradation of GM130, causing Golgi condensation. GM130 degradation promotes lipid accumulation and apolipoprotein A1 retention in intestinal epithelium. Inhibition of HIF-1α or NEDD4 prevents GM130 degradation and rescues Golgi structure and lipid trafficking. Hypoxia/HFD mouse model, co-immunoprecipitation, ubiquitination assay, HIF-1α inhibitor (PX-478), siRNA knockdown, apolipoprotein secretion assay Experimental & molecular medicine Medium 39900792

Source papers

Stage 0 corpus · 66 papers · ranked by NIH iCite citations
Year Title Journal Citations PMID
1995 Characterization of a cis-Golgi matrix protein, GM130. The Journal of cell biology 737 8557739
1997 The vesicle docking protein p115 binds GM130, a cis-Golgi matrix protein, in a mitotically regulated manner. Cell 365 9150144
2006 GM130 and GRASP65-dependent lateral cisternal fusion allows uniform Golgi-enzyme distribution. Nature cell biology 289 16489344
2009 Microtubule nucleation at the cis-side of the Golgi apparatus requires AKAP450 and GM130. The EMBO journal 273 19242490
1998 Cdc2 kinase directly phosphorylates the cis-Golgi matrix protein GM130 and is required for Golgi fragmentation in mitosis. Cell 261 9753325
2004 YSK1 is activated by the Golgi matrix protein GM130 and plays a role in cell migration through its substrate 14-3-3zeta. The Journal of cell biology 229 15037601
1998 Mapping the interaction between GRASP65 and GM130, components of a protein complex involved in the stacking of Golgi cisternae. The EMBO journal 210 9628863
2001 Rab1 interaction with a GM130 effector complex regulates COPII vesicle cis--Golgi tethering. Traffic (Copenhagen, Denmark) 208 11285137
2000 The role of the tethering proteins p115 and GM130 in transport through the Golgi apparatus in vivo. Molecular biology of the cell 151 10679020
2007 The biogenesis of the Golgi ribbon: the roles of membrane input from the ER and of GM130. Molecular biology of the cell 138 17314401
2000 The mitotic phosphorylation cycle of the cis-Golgi matrix protein GM130. The Journal of cell biology 136 10769027
2010 Emerging new roles of GM130, a cis-Golgi matrix protein, in higher order cell functions. Journal of pharmacological sciences 125 20197635
2015 Activation of ULK Kinase and Autophagy by GABARAP Trafficking from the Centrosome Is Regulated by WAC and GM130. Molecular cell 118 26687599
2001 The Golgi matrix protein GM130: a specific interacting partner of the small GTPase rab1b. EMBO reports 108 11306556
2000 The p115-interactive proteins GM130 and giantin participate in endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi traffic. The Journal of biological chemistry 106 11035033
2016 Loss of the golgin GM130 causes Golgi disruption, Purkinje neuron loss, and ataxia in mice. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 105 28028212
2001 Identification of rabaptin-5, rabex-5, and GM130 as putative effectors of rab33b, a regulator of retrograde traffic between the Golgi apparatus and ER. FEBS letters 102 11718716
2015 GM130 Regulates Golgi-Derived Spindle Assembly by Activating TPX2 and Capturing Microtubules. Cell 99 26165940
2001 Evidence that Golgi structure depends on a p115 activity that is independent of the vesicle tether components giantin and GM130. The Journal of cell biology 97 11591729
2014 GM130 is required for compartmental organization of dendritic golgi outposts. Current biology : CB 87 24835455
2014 Spatial control of Cdc42 signalling by a GM130-RasGRF complex regulates polarity and tumorigenesis. Nature communications 84 25208761
2008 GM130-dependent control of Cdc42 activity at the Golgi regulates centrosome organization. Molecular biology of the cell 84 19109421
2007 The Golgi protein GM130 regulates centrosome morphology and function. Molecular biology of the cell 79 18045989
2010 PRMT5 regulates Golgi apparatus structure through methylation of the golgin GM130. Cell research 70 20421892
2019 Liquid-liquid phase separation of the Golgi matrix protein GM130. FEBS letters 68 31833055
2017 Globozoospermia and lack of acrosome formation in GM130-deficient mice. Cell death & disease 66 28055014
2007 Coordination of golgin tethering and SNARE assembly: GM130 binds syntaxin 5 in a p115-regulated manner. The Journal of biological chemistry 65 18167358
2012 GOLGA2/GM130, cis-Golgi matrix protein, is a novel target of anticancer gene therapy. Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy 63 22735382
2002 Interaction with GM130 during HERG ion channel trafficking. Disruption by type 2 congenital long QT syndrome mutations. Human Ether-à-go-go-Related Gene. The Journal of biological chemistry 57 12270925
2019 DGAT1 Inhibitor Suppresses Prostate Tumor Growth and Migration by Regulating Intracellular Lipids and Non-Centrosomal MTOC Protein GM130. Scientific reports 49 30816200
2011 GM130, a cis-Golgi protein, regulates meiotic spindle assembly and asymmetric division in mouse oocyte. Cell cycle (Georgetown, Tex.) 48 21552007
2020 Herpes Simplex Virus 1-Induced Blood-Brain Barrier Damage Involves Apoptosis Associated With GM130-Mediated Golgi Stress. Frontiers in molecular neuroscience 47 32038167
2003 Structural integrity of the Golgi is temperature sensitive in conditional-lethal mutants with no detectable GM130. Traffic (Copenhagen, Denmark) 47 12694564
2004 Golgi fragmentation during Fas-mediated apoptosis is associated with the rapid loss of GM130. Biochemical and biophysical research communications 40 15003503
2016 GOLGA2, encoding a master regulator of golgi apparatus, is mutated in a patient with a neuromuscular disorder. Human genetics 38 26742501
2015 Structural basis for the interaction between the Golgi reassembly-stacking protein GRASP65 and the Golgi matrix protein GM130. The Journal of biological chemistry 34 26363069
2015 RhoA-mediated FMNL1 regulates GM130 for actin assembly and phosphorylates MAPK for spindle formation in mouse oocyte meiosis. Cell cycle (Georgetown, Tex.) 32 26083584
2015 GM130 regulates epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and invasion of gastric cancer cells via snail. International journal of clinical and experimental pathology 31 26617790
2011 EspG of enteropathogenic and enterohemorrhagic E. coli binds the Golgi matrix protein GM130 and disrupts the Golgi structure and function. Cellular microbiology 31 21740499
2015 Loss of GM130 in breast cancer cells and its effects on cell migration, invasion and polarity. Cell cycle (Georgetown, Tex.) 29 25892554
2024 RNA scaffolds the Golgi ribbon by forming condensates with GM130. Nature cell biology 26 38992139
2000 Human autoantibodies to a novel Golgi protein golgin-67: high similarity with golgin-95/gm 130 autoantigen. Journal of autoimmunity 26 10677249
2015 GM130 is a parallel tetramer with a flexible rod-like structure and N-terminally open (Y-shaped) and closed (I-shaped) conformations. The FEBS journal 25 25787021
2011 GM130 gain-of-function induces cell pathology in a model of lysosomal storage disease. Human molecular genetics 23 22156940
2017 GOLGA2 loss causes fibrosis with autophagy in the mouse lung and liver. Biochemical and biophysical research communications 22 29128360
2017 Shifted Golgi targeting of glycosyltransferases and α-mannosidase IA from giantin to GM130-GRASP65 results in formation of high mannose N-glycans in aggressive prostate cancer cells. Biochimica et biophysica acta. General subjects 20 28782625
2020 Markers of malignant prostate cancer cells: Golgi localization of α-mannosidase 1A at GM130-GRASP65 site and appearance of high mannose N-glycans on cell surface. Biochemical and biophysical research communications 17 32331836
2021 Importin α phosphorylation promotes TPX2 activation by GM130 to control astral microtubules and spindle orientation. Journal of cell science 16 33526712
2021 The Role of GM130 in Nervous System Diseases. Frontiers in neurology 14 34777211
2015 Identification of the interaction of VP1 with GM130 which may implicate in the pathogenesis of CVB3-induced acute pancreatitis. Scientific reports 12 26314804
2006 Brain-type creatine kinase BB-CK interacts with the Golgi Matrix Protein GM130 in early prophase. Molecular and cellular biochemistry 11 17036164
2022 GM130 protects against blood-brain barrier disruption and brain injury after intracerebral hemorrhage by regulating autophagy formation. Experimental gerontology 9 35331826
2021 GM130 regulates pulmonary surfactant protein secretion in alveolar type II cells. Science China. Life sciences 9 33740186
2019 GM130 and p115 play a key role in the organisation of the early secretory pathway during skeletal muscle differentiation. Journal of cell science 8 30630895
2024 HSV-1 immune escapes in microglia by down-regulating GM130 to inhibit TLR3-mediated innate immune responses. Virology journal 7 39285274
2023 WDR38, a novel equatorial segment protein, interacts with the GTPase protein RAB19 and Golgi protein GM130 to play roles in acrosome biogenesis. Acta biochimica et biophysica Sinica 7 37635409
2021 Bi-allelic loss of function variants in GOLGA2 are associated with a complex neurological phenotype: Report of a second family. Clinical genetics 7 34424553
2020 Loss of GM130 does not impair oocyte meiosis and embryo development in mice. Biochemical and biophysical research communications 6 32873390
2010 Mitotic Golgi vesiculation involves mechanisms independent of Ser25 phosphorylation of GM130. Cell cycle (Georgetown, Tex.) 5 20699666
2022 Lanthanum Chloride Induces Axon Abnormality Through LKB1-MARK2 and LKB1-STK25-GM130 Signaling Pathways. Cellular and molecular neurobiology 4 35661286
2023 Cdk1 protects against oxygen-glucose deprivation and reperfusion-induced Golgi fragmentation and apoptosis through mediating GM130 phosphorylation. Journal of molecular histology 3 37831422
2025 Golgi condensation causes intestinal lipid accumulation through HIF-1α-mediated GM130 ubiquitination by NEDD4. Experimental & molecular medicine 2 39900792
2024 GM130-silencing may aggravate blood-brain barrier damage and affect microglia polarization by down-regulating PD-L1 expression after experimental intracerebral hemorrhage. Molecular biology reports 1 39158740
2023 Generation of GM130 Conditional Knockout Mouse. Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) 1 36512210
2003 [Effect of etoposide and amsacrine on mitotic progression of GM-130 and Hep-2 cell lines. The flow cytometry assay]. Tsitologiia 1 12683237
2003 A new member of the GM130 golgin subfamily is expressed in the optic lobe anlagen of the metamorphosing brain of Manduca sexta. Journal of insect science (Online) 0 15841250

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