Affinage

GABARAP

Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor-associated protein · UniProt O95166

Length
117 aa
Mass
13.9 kDa
Annotated
2026-04-28
100 papers in source corpus 49 papers cited in narrative 48 extracted findings

Mechanistic narrative

Synthesis pass · prose summary of the discoveries below

GABARAP is a ubiquitin-like ATG8-family protein that functions as a central scaffold in both autophagy and receptor trafficking, conjugated to phosphatidylethanolamine on membranes via the sequential action of the ATG4B protease, ATG7 (E1), and ATG3 (E2) (PMID:15169837, PMID:11096062, PMID:11825910). In autophagy, lipidated GABARAP selectively recruits LIR/GIM-containing partners—including ULK1 (promoting kinase activation and autophagy initiation), ATG2A (required for phagophore expansion and closure), ATG14/PIK3C3 (linking PI3K signaling to autophagosome biogenesis), PLEKHM1 (bridging autophagosomes to the HOPS complex for lysosome fusion), and FLCN/FNIP (sequestering this GAP complex to activate TFEB-dependent lysosomal biogenesis)—and also promotes membrane tethering and fusion through its lipidated form, with specificity over LC3 subfamily members encoded by a GIM consensus motif engaging GABARAP's hydrophobic pocket 2 (PMID:26687599, PMID:32009292, PMID:30767700, PMID:25498145, PMID:34597140, PMID:28655748, PMID:26789764). Outside autophagy, GABARAP traffics GABA(A) receptors, angiotensin AT1 receptors, and TRPV1 channels to the plasma membrane through interactions with tubulin, NSF, gephyrin, and ankyrin-G, directly modulating GABAergic synaptic transmission and receptor surface density (PMID:33436612, PMID:30504823, PMID:18497328, PMID:11461150, PMID:10984509). GABARAP additionally scaffolds the CUL3-KBTBD6/7 ubiquitin ligase to spatially restrict RAC1 signaling, participates in CASM-dependent LRRK2 activation on lysosomes, and is required in macrophages for mitophagy that restrains NLRP3 inflammasome activation (PMID:25684205, PMID:39812709, PMID:23427251).

Mechanistic history

Synthesis pass · year-by-year structured walk · 17 steps
  1. 2000 High

    Identifying GABARAP as a link between GABA(A) receptors and the cytoskeleton established its initial function as a receptor-trafficking scaffold that clusters GABA(A) receptors in a tubulin-dependent manner and interacts with the postsynaptic protein gephyrin.

    Evidence In vitro tubulin binding, co-immunoprecipitation, electrophysiology, receptor clustering assays, gephyrin KO mouse analysis in multiple independent studies

    PMID:10899939 PMID:10900017 PMID:10984509

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether GABARAP directly contacts gephyrin and GABA(A) receptors simultaneously or sequentially was unresolved
    • In vivo synaptic consequence of GABARAP loss was not tested
    • Mechanism of GABARAP delivery to the plasma membrane was unknown
  2. 2001 High

    Demonstrating that GABARAP resides at the Golgi and binds NSF rather than localizing to synapses reframed its role from synaptic anchoring to intracellular receptor transport.

    Evidence Subcellular fractionation, direct binding assay with NSF, confocal immunofluorescence in neurons

    PMID:11461150

    Open questions at the time
    • Which step of vesicular transport (budding, fusion, or recycling) GABARAP-NSF interaction controls was unclear
    • Whether NSF interaction is direct or part of a larger SNARE-associated complex was not resolved
  3. 2002 High

    High-resolution crystal and NMR structures revealed GABARAP's domain architecture—an N-terminal helical tubulin-binding subdomain and a ubiquitin-like C-terminal fold—defining the structural basis for its dual cytoskeletal and receptor-binding functions.

    Evidence X-ray crystallography at 1.6 Å and 2.0 Å, NMR solution structure, structure-based mutagenesis

    PMID:11779480 PMID:11818336 PMID:11875056

    Open questions at the time
    • How the intramolecular N-/C-terminal interaction seen by NMR regulates partner access was not determined
    • No structure of GABARAP bound to a full-length cargo receptor existed
  4. 2002 High

    Establishing that ATG7 and ATG3 act as E1 and E2 enzymes forming thioester intermediates with GABARAP placed it firmly within the ubiquitin-like conjugation cascade for ATG8 proteins.

    Evidence Active-site mutagenesis (C572S for ATG7, C264 for ATG3), co-immunoprecipitation, thioester intermediate trapping

    PMID:11096062 PMID:11825910

    Open questions at the time
    • The target lipid for GABARAP conjugation had not yet been identified
    • Functional consequence of lipidation versus unlipidated GABARAP was unknown
  5. 2004 High

    Demonstrating that GABARAP is conjugated to PE on autophagosomal membranes, with ATG4B as both the priming protease and deconjugase, established the complete lipidation-delipidation cycle.

    Evidence Radiolabeling with [14C]-ethanolamine, membrane fractionation, in vitro ATG4B cleavage, reconstituted lipidation with synthetic liposomes

    PMID:14530254 PMID:15169837 PMID:16303767

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether lipidation is required for GABARAP's receptor-trafficking functions remained untested
    • Regulation of the lipidation/delipidation balance in vivo was unexplored
  6. 2007 High

    Showing that C-terminal processing at Gly116 is required for proper GABARAP subcellular distribution and for promoting GABA(A) receptor surface expression linked the autophagy-associated lipidation machinery to receptor trafficking function.

    Evidence G116A mutagenesis, surface biotinylation, oocyte electrophysiology, confocal microscopy in neurons

    PMID:17581952

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether the processed form must be lipidated or simply C-terminally exposed was not distinguished
    • The vesicular compartment from which GABARAP promotes receptor export was not defined
  7. 2008 High

    Identifying the angiotensin AT1 receptor as a second GABARAP-dependent cargo expanded GABARAP's trafficking role beyond neurons to cardiovascular physiology.

    Evidence Yeast two-hybrid, BRET, siRNA knockdown reducing AT1R surface expression by 84%

    PMID:18497328

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether GABARAP uses the same lipidation-dependent mechanism for AT1R as for GABA(A)R was not tested
    • In vivo cardiovascular consequence of GABARAP loss was not examined
  8. 2014 High

    Membrane curvature sensing by ATG3's amphipathic helix was shown to restrict GABARAP (and LC3) lipidation to highly curved membranes, providing a biophysical mechanism that spatially confines ATG8 conjugation to nascent autophagosomes.

    Evidence In vitro lipidation on liposomes of defined curvature, amphipathic helix mutagenesis, rescue in ATG3-KO cells

    PMID:24747438

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether membrane curvature sensing operates identically for GABARAP versus LC3 subfamily members was not resolved
    • How curvature restriction is bypassed during CASM on flat single membranes was unclear
  9. 2015 High

    Discovering that PLEKHM1 bridges GABARAP-decorated autophagosomes to the HOPS tethering complex, and that CUL3-KBTBD6/7 uses GABARAP to spatially restrict RAC1 signaling, established GABARAP as a platform for both autophagosome-lysosome fusion and non-autophagic ubiquitin ligase targeting.

    Evidence LIR mutagenesis, cargo degradation assays, interactome mass spectrometry, RAC1 activity measurement, TIAM1 ubiquitination

    PMID:25498145 PMID:25684205

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether PLEKHM1 is redundant with other GABARAP-binding tethering factors was unknown
    • The membrane compartment on which CUL3-KBTBD6/7 encounters GABARAP was not identified
  10. 2016 High

    Reconstituted membrane fusion assays demonstrated that lipidated GABARAP and GATE-16 (but not LC3) autonomously tether and fuse membranes, revealing an intrinsic fusogenic activity that distinguishes the GABARAP subfamily.

    Evidence Enzymatic and chemical lipidation reconstitution, vesicle aggregation, lipid mixing, content mixing assays, cryo-EM

    PMID:26789764

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether this fusogenic activity operates at the autophagosome-lysosome fusion step in vivo was not shown
    • The structural mechanism by which lipidated GABARAP drives membrane merger was not resolved
  11. 2016 High

    GABARAP was shown to uniquely activate ULK1 kinase via its LIR motif and to traffic from the pericentriolar matrix to the phagophore upon starvation, establishing a GABARAP-specific role in autophagy initiation distinct from LC3.

    Evidence GABARAP-specific knockdown/rescue, ULK1 kinase activity assay, LIR mutagenesis, live-cell imaging of pericentriolar GABARAP trafficking

    PMID:26687599

    Open questions at the time
    • How GABARAP is released from the pericentriolar pool was not fully elucidated
    • Whether ULK1 activation requires lipidated or unlipidated GABARAP was ambiguous
  12. 2017 High

    Structural and biophysical definition of the GIM consensus motif ([W/F]-[V/I]-X2-V) explained how GABARAP achieves selectivity over LC3 through hydrophobic pocket 2 variation, and PCM1 was shown to stabilize GABARAP at the pericentriolar material against Mib1-mediated proteasomal degradation.

    Evidence Crystal structures of GABARAP-GIM complexes, ITC/SPR, GIM mutagenesis, PCM1 CRISPR KO, Mib1 ubiquitination assay

    PMID:28655748 PMID:28712572

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether all GIM-containing partners compete for the same binding surface was not tested
    • The ubiquitination sites on GABARAP targeted by Mib1 were not fully mapped
  13. 2019 High

    Multiple studies established that core autophagy regulators (ATG14, PIK3C3, ATG2A) preferentially bind GABARAP via LIR/GIM motifs, and that the ATG2A-GABARAP interaction is essential for phagophore formation and closure, consolidating GABARAP's unique role in autophagosome biogenesis.

    Evidence Crystal structures of LIR-GABARAP complexes, LIR mutagenesis phenocopying ATG2A/ATG2B double-KO, mitophagy flux assays

    PMID:30767700 PMID:32009292

    Open questions at the time
    • How ATG2A lipid transfer activity is coordinated with GABARAP binding was not resolved
    • Whether GABARAP binding to ATG14 and ATG2A occurs simultaneously or sequentially during phagophore maturation was unknown
  14. 2018 High

    A knock-in mouse abolishing the ankyrin-G/GABARAP interaction demonstrated that GABARAP is required in vivo for maintaining GABAergic synapse density, pyramidal neuron excitability, and network synchronization, providing the first genetic in vivo evidence for GABARAP's synaptic function.

    Evidence Ankyrin-G W1989R knock-in mouse, electrophysiology, immunofluorescence quantification of forebrain GABAergic synapses

    PMID:30504823

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether the synaptic phenotype is entirely due to loss of GABA(A)R surface stabilization or involves other ankyrin-G-GABARAP effectors was not distinguished
    • Behavioral consequences of the knock-in were not reported
  15. 2021 High

    GABARAP was shown to sequester the FLCN/FNIP GAP complex during CASM, mitophagy, and xenophagy, disrupting its activity toward RagC/D and thereby activating TFEB-driven lysosomal biogenesis—establishing a non-degradative signaling output of GABARAP conjugation.

    Evidence GABARAP-specific KO, LIR mutagenesis, RagC/D GAP assay, TFEB/TFE3 nuclear translocation

    PMID:34597140

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether FLCN sequestration is sufficient to fully explain GABARAP-dependent TFEB activation was not determined
    • The quantitative contribution of each ATG8 conjugation stimulus (CASM vs. canonical autophagy) to FLCN sequestration was not measured
  16. 2021 High

    Crystal structure of the GABARAPL1–GABA(A)R γ2 complex, combined with trafficking assays and electrophysiology, revealed the molecular basis of GABARAP-family selectivity for GABA(A) receptor stabilization at synapses and showed that γ2 phosphorylation differentially regulates GABARAP versus AP2 binding.

    Evidence Crystal structure, co-immunoprecipitation, electrophysiology recording of synaptic currents, trafficking assay, phospho-mutagenesis

    PMID:33436612

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether phosphorylation-dependent switching between GABARAP and AP2 operates dynamically at active synapses was not shown
    • The kinase(s) responsible for γ2 phosphorylation at this site in vivo were not identified
  17. 2025 High

    LRRK2 kinase activation on lysosomes was shown to depend specifically on GABARAP (not other ATG8 members) conjugated to single membranes via CASM, linking GABARAP to Parkinson's disease-relevant kinase regulation.

    Evidence STING agonist treatment, GABARAP-specific KO/interaction mutants, LRRK2 kinase activity measured by Rab phosphorylation

    PMID:39812709

    Open questions at the time
    • The direct binding interface between LRRK2 and GABARAP was not structurally resolved
    • Whether GABARAP-dependent LRRK2 activation is relevant in dopaminergic neurons in vivo was not tested

Open questions

Synthesis pass · forward-looking unresolved questions
  • How GABARAP's autophagy and receptor-trafficking functions are coordinately regulated in the same cell remains unresolved—specifically, whether lipidated and unlipidated pools are independently controlled, and how substrate competition among dozens of LIR/GIM-containing partners is prioritized.
  • No quantitative model of GABARAP pool partitioning between autophagy and trafficking exists
  • Whether GABARAP's intrinsic fusogenic activity contributes to receptor exocytosis is untested
  • Full structural basis of GABARAP-LRRK2 and GABARAP-ATG2A interactions is lacking

Mechanism profile

Synthesis pass · controlled-vocabulary classification · explore literature graph →
Molecular activity
GO:0060090 molecular adaptor activity 8 GO:0031386 protein tag activity 4 GO:0008092 cytoskeletal protein binding 3 GO:0005198 structural molecule activity 1
Localization
GO:0005794 Golgi apparatus 3 GO:0031410 cytoplasmic vesicle 3 GO:0005764 lysosome 2 GO:0005815 microtubule organizing center 2 GO:0005829 cytosol 2
Pathway
R-HSA-9612973 Autophagy 12 R-HSA-5653656 Vesicle-mediated transport 6 R-HSA-112316 Neuronal System 3 R-HSA-162582 Signal Transduction 3 R-HSA-168256 Immune System 2
Partners
ANK3ATG2AATG3ATG4BATG7FLCNPLEKHM1ULK1
Complex memberships
ATG8 conjugation system (ATG7-ATG3-GABARAP)CUL3-KBTBD6/KBTBD7 complex

Evidence

Reading pass · 48 per-paper findings extracted from the source corpus
Year Finding Method Journal Conf PMIDs
2004 GABARAP is conjugated to phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) via a ubiquitin-like system (analogous to yeast Atg8-PE conjugation), generating a membrane-associated form-II that localizes to autophagosomal membranes; this lipidation is reversible by the deconjugase Atg4B. Radiolabeling with [14C]-ethanolamine, membrane fractionation, in vitro Atg4B cleavage assay Journal of cell science High 15169837
2000 Human Apg7p (hATG7) acts as an E1-like activating enzyme for GABARAP, forming a thioester intermediate with GABARAP via its active-site Cys572; GABARAP co-immunoprecipitates with hApg7p and forms a stable intermediate with the C572S mutant. Co-immunoprecipitation, site-directed mutagenesis, cross-linking, glycerol-gradient centrifugation The Journal of biological chemistry High 11096062
2002 Human Apg3p (hATG3) acts as the E2-like conjugating enzyme for GABARAP; its active-site Cys264 forms a thioester intermediate with GABARAP, and hATG3 forms an E1·E2 complex with hATG7. Site-directed mutagenesis, co-immunoprecipitation, E2-substrate intermediate trapping The Journal of biological chemistry High 11825910
2003 A single protease, Apg4B/autophagin-1, acts as the processing and deconjugating enzyme for GABARAP (and other mammalian Atg8 homologs), identified using electrophilic activity-based probes derived from GABARAP sequence. Activity-based protein profiling with electrophilic probes, in vitro protease activity assay The Journal of biological chemistry High 14530254
2005 GABARAP can be conjugated in vitro to both phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and phosphatidylserine (PS) by the reconstituted hATG7/hATG3 conjugation system, but in vivo PE is the predominant target lipid. In vitro reconstitution with purified recombinant Atg proteins and synthetic lipid liposomes, thin-layer chromatography of endogenous conjugates The Journal of biological chemistry High 16303767
2014 Lipidation of GABARAP (and LC3) by ATG3 is dependent on membrane curvature; ATG3 contains an N-terminal amphipathic helix that senses lipid-packing defects on highly curved membranes, restricting lipidation to such membranes in vitro and in vivo. In vitro lipidation assay on liposomes of defined curvature, amphipathic helix mutagenesis, rescue experiments in ATG3-knockout cells Nature cell biology High 24747438
2002 Crystal structure of human GABARAP at 1.6 Å resolution reveals an N-terminal helical subdomain responsible for tubulin binding and a ubiquitin-like C-terminal domain containing the GABA(A) receptor binding site; GABARAP can self-associate in a head-to-tail manner promoting tubulin polymerization and receptor clustering. X-ray crystallography, structure-based mutagenesis Neuron High 11779480
2002 Crystal structure of mammalian GABARAP at 2.0 Å resolution confirms an N-terminal basic helical region for tubulin binding and a conserved ubiquitin-like core fold; the conserved surface face mediates protein-protein interactions shared across the family. X-ray crystallography EMBO reports High 11818336
2002 NMR solution structure of human GABARAP reveals that amino- and carboxyl-terminal ends interact with each other in solution (not seen in crystal structures), suggesting conformational dynamics that regulate GABARAP interactions. NMR spectroscopy The Journal of biological chemistry High 11875056
2000 GABARAP binds directly to both tubulin and microtubules in a salt-sensitive (ionic interaction) manner in vitro and co-immunoprecipitates with tubulin in intact cells; the tubulin-binding domain is located at the N-terminus marked by specific basic amino acids; GABARAP also associates with microfilaments, likely via intermediary proteins. In vitro tubulin binding assay, co-immunoprecipitation, cytoskeletal drug treatments (taxol, nocodazole, cytochalasin D), deletion constructs and synthetic peptides Journal of neurochemistry High 10899939
2000 GABARAP promotes clustering of GABA(A) receptors in QT-6 fibroblasts requiring both the tubulin-binding motif of GABARAP and the gamma2 subunit; clustered GABA(A) receptors show altered channel kinetics (higher EC50, faster deactivation, slower desensitization) compared to diffuse receptors. GFP-tagged receptor expression, immunofluorescence clustering assay, whole-cell electrophysiology, microtubule disruption experiments Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America High 10984509
2001 GABARAP is enriched in the Golgi apparatus and postsynaptic cisternae (not at inhibitory synapses), co-immunoprecipitates with GABA(A) receptors, and binds directly to NSF (N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor), suggesting a role in intracellular receptor transport rather than synaptic anchoring. Subcellular fractionation, immunoprecipitation, direct binding assay, confocal immunofluorescence Molecular and cellular neurosciences High 11461150
2000 GABARAP interacts with gephyrin in biochemical assays and transfected cells; confocal analysis shows GABARAP is enriched in intracellular compartments and not at gephyrin-positive postsynaptic specializations, suggesting a role in receptor sorting/targeting rather than synaptic anchoring. Co-immunoprecipitation, transfected cell co-localization, gephyrin-knockout mouse analysis Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America High 10900017
2002 GABARAP's interaction with GABA(A) receptor is specific for gamma subunits; the interaction domain in GABARAP maps to residues 41–51, and GABARAP dimerizes using the same region (residues 36–68); a membrane-permeable peptide corresponding to the GABARAP interaction domain in gamma2 inhibits receptor clustering in living cells. Yeast two-hybrid quantitative assay, GST pulldown, peptide inhibition, GABA(A) receptor clustering assay in fibroblasts Journal of neurochemistry High 11948245
2007 C-terminal processing of GABARAP at Gly116 (generating the lipidated form) is required for its proper subcellular distribution (away from Golgi into cytoplasmic puncta in neurons) and for its function in promoting GABA(A) receptor plasma membrane expression; the G116A mutant fails to enhance receptor surface expression. Site-directed mutagenesis, Western blotting with dual-tag construct, confocal microscopy, oocyte electrophysiology, surface biotinylation The Journal of neuroscience High 17581952
2014 PLEKHM1 contains a GABARAP interaction motif (LIR) that mediates direct binding to autophagosomal membranes, and PLEKHM1 also directly interacts with the HOPS complex; this dual interaction is required for autophagosome-lysosome fusion, endocytic cargo degradation, and clearance of protein aggregates. Co-immunoprecipitation, GST pulldown, LIR mutagenesis, PLEKHM1 depletion with specific cargo degradation assays Molecular cell High 25498145
2015 GABARAP (unlipidated and lipidated), but not LC3B or other ATG8 family members, specifically promotes ULK1 kinase activation in a manner dependent on the ULK1 LIR motif; GABARAP is dynamically trafficked from the pericentriolar matrix to the phagophore upon starvation, regulated by the Golgi proteins WAC and GM130. Protein interaction studies, GABARAP-specific KD/rescue, ULK1 kinase activity assay, live-cell imaging of GABARAP trafficking, LIR mutagenesis Molecular cell High 26687599
2017 The centriolar satellite protein PCM1 directly binds GABARAP (but not LC3B) via a canonical LIR motif, stabilizing GABARAP at the pericentriolar material; loss of PCM1 leads to proteasomal degradation of GABARAP mediated by the E3 ligase Mib1, which promotes K48-linked ubiquitination of GABARAP at N-terminal residues. Direct binding assay, LIR mutagenesis, CRISPR/siRNA KD, proteasome inhibitor rescue, ubiquitination assay, autophagy flux measurement Current biology : CB High 28712572
2019 ATL3 functions as a tubular ER-phagy receptor that specifically binds GABARAP (but not LC3) subfamily proteins via two GABARAP interaction motifs (GIMs); ATL3-GABARAP interaction is essential for starvation-induced tubular ER degradation, and HSAN I-associated ATL3 mutations (Y192C, P338R) disrupt this interaction and impair ER-phagy. Co-immunoprecipitation, GIM mutagenesis, ER-phagy flux assay, ATL3 KD/rescue, patient mutation analysis Current biology : CB High 30773365
2017 A GABARAP interaction motif (GIM) sequence [W/F]-[V/I]-X2-V confers 11-fold selectivity for GABARAP over LC3B, as demonstrated by biophysical and structural analysis of the PLEKHM1 LIR; conversion of other LIR motifs into GIMs by introducing valine residues enhances GABARAP over LC3B binding. Biophysical binding measurements (ITC/SPR), crystal structure of GABARAP-GIM complex, mutagenesis of LIR/GIM positions EMBO reports High 28655748
2019 PIK3C3, BECN1, and ATG14 (components of the PtdIns3K-C1 complex) each contain functional LIR motifs that interact preferentially with GABARAP and GABARAPL1 over LC3 proteins; crystal structures of these LIR motifs with GABARAP proteins reveal that variation in hydrophobic pocket 2 explains GABARAP-family specificity; ATG14 LIR mutation blocks its colocalization with LC3B and impairs mitophagy. Crystal structures, binding assays, LIR mutagenesis, mitophagy flux assay, colocalization studies Autophagy High 30767700
2020 ATG2A contains a conserved LIR-like motif that mediates direct interaction with GABARAP proteins; ATG2A-GABARAP interaction mutants fail to form and close phagophores, blocking autophagy flux similarly to ATG2A/ATG2B double-KO cells, establishing ATG2-GABARAP interaction as essential for phagophore formation. Mutagenesis of ATG2A-GABARAP interaction motif, autophagy flux assay, phagophore formation imaging, double-KO comparison EMBO reports High 32009292
2021 GABARAP (but not LC3) directly binds a LIR motif in the FLCN/FNIP tumor suppressor complex and mediates its sequestration to GABARAP-conjugated membrane compartments during CASM, mitophagy, and xenophagy; this disrupts FLCN/FNIP GAP activity toward RagC/D, impairing mTOR-dependent phosphorylation of TFEB and activating lysosomal biogenesis. Co-immunoprecipitation, LIR mutagenesis, GABARAP-specific KO, TFEB/TFE3 activity assay, RagC/D GAP assay Science advances High 34597140
2009 Nix/Bnip3L directly interacts with GABARAP as demonstrated by phage display screening, in vitro binding studies, pull-down, co-immunoprecipitation, and co-localization, suggesting a direct molecular link between apoptosis and autophagy pathways. Phage display, in vitro binding, GST pulldown, co-immunoprecipitation, co-localization in mammalian cells Autophagy High 19363302
2008 GABARAP binds to the C-terminal cytoplasmic domain of the angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R) and promotes its plasma membrane expression >6-fold; siRNA knockdown of GABARAP reduces AT1R surface expression by 84%; GABARAP interaction maps to residues 32–51 and requires the C-terminal 21 aa. Yeast two-hybrid, GST pulldown, co-immunoprecipitation, BRET assay, siRNA knockdown, surface expression quantification Circulation research High 18497328
2015 CUL3-KBTBD6/KBTBD7 ubiquitin ligase complex employs ATG8-family-interacting motifs to bind preferentially to GABARAP proteins; GABARAP-containing vesicles recruit CUL3(KBTBD6/KBTBD7) to ubiquitinate and degrade the RAC1 GEF TIAM1, thereby spatially restricting RAC1 signaling and regulating actin morphology and cell invasion. Interactome mass spectrometry, co-immunoprecipitation, ubiquitination assay, GABARAP KD, TIAM1 abundance measurement, RAC1 activity assay Molecular cell High 25684205
2016 Lipidated GABARAP and GATE-16 (but not lipidated LC3) promote extensive membrane tethering and full membrane fusion (as shown by vesicle aggregation, lipid mixing, and aqueous content mixing without leakage) in reconstituted systems; membrane curvature (smaller vesicle diameter) and negative-curvature lipids (cardiolipin, DAG) facilitate this fusion. In vitro reconstituted enzymatic and chemical lipidation, vesicle tethering/fusion assays, cryo-electron microscopy Biophysical journal High 26789764
2015 GABARAP directly binds to PI4K2A (phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase type 2α) and recruits it to autophagosomes; this GABARAP-PI4K2A interaction and the resulting PtdIns4P production are required for autophagosome-lysosome fusion. Co-immunoprecipitation, GABARAP KD, autophagosome-lysosome fusion assay Autophagy Medium 26391226
2013 Mulan E3 ubiquitin ligase interacts with GABARAP via an LIR motif in its RING finger domain in complex with the E2 enzyme Ube2E3; this interaction requires both the LIR motif and Ube2E3 presence, linking Mulan to mitophagy regulation through GABARAP. Yeast two-hybrid (modified), co-immunoprecipitation, LIR motif analysis Cellular signalling Medium 25224329
2021 GABARAP/GABARAPL1 (but not other ATG8 family members) directly bind to a previously unappreciated region in the gamma2 subunit of GABA(A)R; crystal structure of GABARAPL1-gamma2 complex reveals the molecular basis; GABARAP stabilizes GABAARs by promoting trafficking (not blocking endocytosis); phosphorylation of gamma2 differentially modulates binding to GABARAP vs. clathrin adaptor AP2; blocking GABARAP-GABAAR complex reduces GABAergic synaptic currents. Crystal structure, co-immunoprecipitation, electrophysiology, trafficking assays, phosphorylation mutagenesis Nature communications High 33436612
2018 Ankyrin-G directly interacts with GABARAP to stabilize cell-surface GABA(A) receptors at GABAergic synapses; a knock-in mouse with the W1989R mutation abolishing ankyrin-G/GABARAP interaction shows striking reduction in forebrain GABAergic synapses, pyramidal cell hyperexcitability, and disrupted network synchronization. Knock-in mouse model, electrophysiology, immunofluorescence quantification of synapses Molecular psychiatry High 30504823
2010 GABARAP associates with TRPV1 in HEK293 cells and DRG neurons, augments TRPV1 surface expression and clustering, attenuates voltage/capsaicin sensitivity in the presence of extracellular calcium, lengthens vanilloid-induced tachyphylaxia, and increases tubulin interaction with the TRPV1 C-terminal domain. Co-immunoprecipitation, surface expression quantification, electrophysiology, nocodazole cytoskeleton disruption FASEB journal Medium 20179142
2009 Caspase-3 cleaves Atg4D, generating a truncated ΔN63 Atg4D with increased activity against GABARAP-L1 (but relevance to GABARAP itself is indirect); Atg4D siRNA silencing abrogates GABARAP-L1 autophagosome formation. In vitro caspase-3 cleavage assay, cell-based Atg4D siRNA knockdown, autophagosome formation assay Journal of cell science Medium 19549685
2019 TBK1 phosphorylates GABARAP-L2 (not GABARAP itself) on surface-exposed serine residues, impeding ATG4 binding and protecting lipidated GABARAP-L2 from premature removal from nascent autophagosomes. In vitro kinase assay, phosphomimetic mutagenesis, liposome deconjugation assay, autophagosome formation analysis EMBO reports Medium 31709703
2019 UBA5 contains an atypical LIR motif that preferentially interacts with GABARAP (not LC3) proteins; NMR/crystal structures of GABARAP-UBA5 LIR complex reveal a novel hydrophobic pocket (HP0) engaged by a conserved tryptophan N-terminal to the core LIR, with K46/K47 of GABARAP being key specificity determinants; GABARAP regulates UBA5 localization to the ER membrane in a lipidation-independent manner. NMR, crystal structures, ITC, swapping mutagenesis, KO cell lines, ER localization assay Autophagy High 30990354
2017 GABARAP subfamily (particularly GATE-16/GABARAPL2) but not LC3 proteins are required for IFN-γ-mediated clearance of vacuolar pathogens (Toxoplasma); GATE-16 specifically associates with the small GTPase ARF1 to mediate uniform cytosolic distribution of interferon-inducible GTPases (IFN-GTPases); loss of GABARAPs reduces ARF1 activation, causing IFN-GTPase aggregation. GABARAP-family-specific KO cells and mice, Toxoplasma clearance assay, ARF1 co-immunoprecipitation, GTPase activation assay Nature immunology High 28604719
2007 Calreticulin is a high-affinity ligand of GABARAP (Kd = 64 nM) identified by phage display; the interaction was confirmed by pull-down from brain lysate and co-localization in N2a cells; crystal structure of GABARAP in complex with the calreticulin binding epitope was determined. Phage display, SPR/biophysical binding, GST pulldown, co-localization, crystal structure of complex The FEBS journal High 17916189 19154346
2013 GABARAP deficiency in macrophages leads to inefficient clearance of damaged mitochondria, resulting in elevated mitochondrial ROS and cytosolic mitochondrial DNA release, which enhances NLRP3 inflammasome activation (increased caspase-1, IL-1β, IL-18); GABARAP-deficient mice show higher mortality in sepsis models. GABARAP KO mouse, mitophagy assay, mitochondrial ROS measurement, inflammasome activation assay (caspase-1 processing, cytokine secretion) Journal of immunology High 23427251
2006 Lysosomal turnover of endogenous GABARAP-phospholipid conjugate (GABARAP-PL) is activated during differentiation of C2C12 cells to myotubes independently of mTOR kinase inactivation (unlike starvation-induced autophagy); little GABARAP-PL accumulates during canonical starvation-induced autophagy in most tissues. Lysosomal protease inhibitor accumulation assay, S6 kinase phosphorylation as mTOR readout, tissue-specific endogenous GABARAP-PL analysis Autophagy Medium 16874098
2013 Bcl-2 directly binds GABARAP via a three-residue segment (EWD) adjacent to the BH4 region, anchored to one hydrophobic pocket of GABARAP; Bcl-2 overexpression inhibits GABARAP lipidation, linking Bcl-2's autophagy-inhibitory function to direct competition with the lipid conjugation machinery. NMR chemical shift mapping, mutagenesis, pull-down, GABARAP lipidation assay The Journal of biological chemistry High 24240096
2025 STING activation triggers LRRK2 lysosomal recruitment and kinase activation via the CASM (conjugation of ATG8 to single membranes) pathway; LRRK2 activation is highly dependent on interactions with GABARAP (not other ATG8 family members); multiple lysosome-perturbing stimuli converge on CASM-GABARAP to control LRRK2 kinase activity. STING agonist treatment, GABARAP-specific KO/interaction mutants, LRRK2 lysosome recruitment imaging, LRRK2 kinase activity assay (Rab phosphorylation) The Journal of cell biology High 39812709
2019 ATG4 isoforms (ATG4A, ATG4C, ATG4D) contribute redundantly to priming activity that enables lipidation of endogenous GABARAPL1 on autophagic structures; ATG4B is the dominant but not sole isoform processing GABARAP family proteins; pre-primed LC3B can rescue autophagic degradation without ATG4-mediated delipidation. CRISPR-Cas9 KO, siRNA depletion, processing assay, autophagy flux measurement (SQSTM1 degradation), correlative light and electron microscopy Autophagy High 30661429
2014 FLCN directly interacts with GABARAP; the FLCN-GABARAP association is modulated by FNIP1/FNIP2 and further regulated by ULK1 phosphorylation of FLCN at Ser406, Ser537, and Ser542. Co-immunoprecipitation, ULK1 overexpression phosphorylation mapping, autophagy flux assay Autophagy Medium 25126726
2012 MAPK15/ERK8 interacts with GABARAP (and LC3B, GABARAPL1) via a conserved LIR motif; MAPK15 localizes to autophagic compartments and stimulates ATG8-family protein lipidation, autophagosome formation, and SQSTM1 degradation in a kinase-dependent fashion. Co-immunoprecipitation, LIR mutagenesis, autophagosome formation assay, lipidation assay, SQSTM1 degradation assay Autophagy Medium 22948227
2017 HIV-1 Nef binds directly and specifically to all GABARAP family members (but not LC3 family members) via two surface-exposed hydrophobic pockets (involving S53 and F62 of GABARAP); GABARAP knockdown significantly reduces Nef plasma membrane localization. Pulldown with purified recombinant proteins, co-immunoprecipitation, NMR chemical shift mapping, site-directed mutagenesis, siRNA knockdown, live-cell fluorescence microscopy Scientific reports High 28729737
2002 GABARAP self-associates and dimerizes at physiological salt concentrations; the dimerization domain maps to residues 41–51 (the same region that binds the GABA(A) receptor gamma2 subunit), as shown by synthetic peptide inhibition of GST pulldown. GST pulldown, synthetic peptide competition, deletion constructs Neuropharmacology Medium 12367594
2006 Co-expression of GABARAP with GABA(A) receptors increases single-channel conductance to ≥40 pS (vs. 30 pS control) and mean open time; the increased conductance is GABA concentration-dependent, demonstrating that GABARAP-mediated trafficking influences ion channel gating properties. Outside-out patch clamp electrophysiology of transiently transfected cells The Journal of biological chemistry Medium 16954214
2002 GABARAP interacts with transferrin receptor (TfR) cytoplasmic domain via its YTRF internalization motif, as shown by yeast two-hybrid, in vitro binding with purified proteins, and co-immunoprecipitation from HeLa cells; GABARAP-GFP localizes to perinuclear vesicles, suggesting a general role in vesicle trafficking beyond neurons. Yeast two-hybrid, in vitro binding assay, co-immunoprecipitation, GFP chimera localization FEBS letters Medium 11997026

Source papers

Stage 0 corpus · 100 papers · ranked by NIH iCite citations
Year Title Journal Citations PMID
2004 LC3, GABARAP and GATE16 localize to autophagosomal membrane depending on form-II formation. Journal of cell science 1201 15169837
2016 LC3/GABARAP family proteins: autophagy-(un)related functions. FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology 532 27601442
2014 PLEKHM1 regulates autophagosome-lysosome fusion through HOPS complex and LC3/GABARAP proteins. Molecular cell 463 25498145
2000 The human homolog of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Apg7p is a Protein-activating enzyme for multiple substrates including human Apg12p, GATE-16, GABARAP, and MAP-LC3. The Journal of biological chemistry 288 11096062
2019 ATL3 Is a Tubular ER-Phagy Receptor for GABARAP-Mediated Selective Autophagy. Current biology : CB 248 30773365
2002 Human Apg3p/Aut1p homologue is an authentic E2 enzyme for multiple substrates, GATE-16, GABARAP, and MAP-LC3, and facilitates the conjugation of hApg12p to hApg5p. The Journal of biological chemistry 239 11825910
2009 Caspase cleavage of Atg4D stimulates GABARAP-L1 processing and triggers mitochondrial targeting and apoptosis. Journal of cell science 218 19549685
2014 Lipidation of the LC3/GABARAP family of autophagy proteins relies on a membrane-curvature-sensing domain in Atg3. Nature cell biology 213 24747438
2003 A single protease, Apg4B, is specific for the autophagy-related ubiquitin-like proteins GATE-16, MAP1-LC3, GABARAP, and Apg8L. The Journal of biological chemistry 208 14530254
2009 Nix directly binds to GABARAP: a possible crosstalk between apoptosis and autophagy. Autophagy 192 19363302
2001 The subcellular distribution of GABARAP and its ability to interact with NSF suggest a role for this protein in the intracellular transport of GABA(A) receptors. Molecular and cellular neurosciences 190 11461150
2000 The gamma-aminobutyric acid type A (GABAA) receptor-associated protein (GABARAP) promotes GABAA receptor clustering and modulates the channel kinetics. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 188 10984509
2005 Phosphatidylserine in addition to phosphatidylethanolamine is an in vitro target of the mammalian Atg8 modifiers, LC3, GABARAP, and GATE-16. The Journal of biological chemistry 183 16303767
2019 Redundancy of human ATG4 protease isoforms in autophagy and LC3/GABARAP processing revealed in cells. Autophagy 169 30661429
2000 The gamma-aminobutyric acid type A receptor (GABAAR)-associated protein GABARAP interacts with gephyrin but is not involved in receptor anchoring at the synapse. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 149 10900017
2017 Structural and functional analysis of the GABARAP interaction motif (GIM). EMBO reports 142 28655748
2000 Binding of the GABA(A) receptor-associated protein (GABARAP) to microtubules and microfilaments suggests involvement of the cytoskeleton in GABARAPGABA(A) receptor interaction. Journal of neurochemistry 134 10899939
2002 Structure of GABARAP in two conformations: implications for GABA(A) receptor localization and tubulin binding. Neuron 126 11779480
2015 Activation of ULK Kinase and Autophagy by GABARAP Trafficking from the Centrosome Is Regulated by WAC and GM130. Molecular cell 117 26687599
2011 Alteration of autophagosomal proteins (LC3, GABARAP and GATE-16) in Lewy body disease. Neurobiology of disease 108 21684337
2021 GABARAP sequesters the FLCN-FNIP tumor suppressor complex to couple autophagy with lysosomal biogenesis. Science advances 105 34597140
2019 Members of the autophagy class III phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase complex I interact with GABARAP and GABARAPL1 via LIR motifs. Autophagy 97 30767700
2012 MAPK15/ERK8 stimulates autophagy by interacting with LC3 and GABARAP proteins. Autophagy 93 22948227
2017 Centriolar Satellites Control GABARAP Ubiquitination and GABARAP-Mediated Autophagy. Current biology : CB 85 28712572
2017 Essential role for GABARAP autophagy proteins in interferon-inducible GTPase-mediated host defense. Nature immunology 83 28604719
2020 A conserved ATG2-GABARAP family interaction is critical for phagophore formation. EMBO reports 82 32009292
2021 ATG4 family proteins drive phagophore growth independently of the LC3/GABARAP lipidation system. Molecular cell 80 33773106
2010 GABAA receptor associated protein (GABARAP) modulates TRPV1 expression and channel function and desensitization. FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology 72 20179142
2016 Human Atg8-cardiolipin interactions in mitophagy: Specific properties of LC3B, GABARAPL2 and GABARAP. Autophagy 71 27764541
2014 Mulan E3 ubiquitin ligase interacts with multiple E2 conjugating enzymes and participates in mitophagy by recruiting GABARAP. Cellular signalling 71 25224329
2002 Solution structure of human GABA(A) receptor-associated protein GABARAP: implications for biolgoical funcrion and its regulation. The Journal of biological chemistry 71 11875056
2015 CUL3-KBTBD6/KBTBD7 ubiquitin ligase cooperates with GABARAP proteins to spatially restrict TIAM1-RAC1 signaling. Molecular cell 70 25684205
2019 TBK1-mediated phosphorylation of LC3C and GABARAP-L2 controls autophagosome shedding by ATG4 protease. EMBO reports 69 31709703
2002 Crystal structure of the GABA(A)-receptor-associated protein, GABARAP. EMBO reports 66 11818336
2016 White spot syndrome virus entry is dependent on multiple endocytic routes and strongly facilitated by Cq-GABARAP in a CME-dependent manner. Scientific reports 64 27385304
2014 FLCN, a novel autophagy component, interacts with GABARAP and is regulated by ULK1 phosphorylation. Autophagy 62 25126726
2005 GABARAP is not essential for GABA receptor targeting to the synapse. The European journal of neuroscience 61 16307606
2015 Analysis of the native conformation of the LIR/AIM motif in the Atg8/LC3/GABARAP-binding proteins. Autophagy 60 26565669
2002 Subunit specificity and interaction domain between GABA(A) receptor-associated protein (GABARAP) and GABA(A) receptors. Journal of neurochemistry 57 11948245
2007 Identification of calreticulin as a ligand of GABARAP by phage display screening of a peptide library. The FEBS journal 56 17916189
2019 Human LC3 and GABARAP subfamily members achieve functional specificity via specific structural modulations. Autophagy 55 30982432
2019 Human ATG4 autophagy proteases counteract attachment of ubiquitin-like LC3/GABARAP proteins to other cellular proteins. The Journal of biological chemistry 54 31315929
2008 The trafficking protein GABARAP binds to and enhances plasma membrane expression and function of the angiotensin II type 1 receptor. Circulation research 54 18497328
2004 GEC1, a protein related to GABARAP, interacts with tubulin and GABA(A) receptor. Biochemical and biophysical research communications 53 15530441
2016 Lipid Geometry and Bilayer Curvature Modulate LC3/GABARAP-Mediated Model Autophagosomal Elongation. Biophysical journal 51 26789764
2003 Expression of gec1/GABARAPL1 versus GABARAP mRNAs in human: predominance of gec1/GABARAPL1 in the central nervous system. Brain research. Molecular brain research 50 14625090
2002 Association of human transferrin receptor with GABARAP. FEBS letters 49 11997026
2023 Effect of ATG12-ATG5-ATG16L1 autophagy E3-like complex on the ability of LC3/GABARAP proteins to induce vesicle tethering and fusion. Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS 47 36729310
2018 Ankyrin-G regulates forebrain connectivity and network synchronization via interaction with GABARAP. Molecular psychiatry 46 30504823
2019 An atypical LIR motif within UBA5 (ubiquitin like modifier activating enzyme 5) interacts with GABARAP proteins and mediates membrane localization of UBA5. Autophagy 45 30990354
2007 C-terminal modification is required for GABARAP-mediated GABA(A) receptor trafficking. The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience 45 17581952
2016 Fluorescence-based ATG8 sensors monitor localization and function of LC3/GABARAP proteins. The EMBO journal 42 28028054
2013 Different effects of Atg2 and Atg18 mutations on Atg8a and Atg9 trafficking during starvation in Drosophila. FEBS letters 42 24374083
2021 Structural basis of GABARAP-mediated GABAA receptor trafficking and functions on GABAergic synaptic transmission. Nature communications 40 33436612
2016 Tumor suppression in mice lacking GABARAP, an Atg8/LC3 family member implicated in autophagy, is associated with alterations in cytokine secretion and cell death. Cell death & disease 39 27124579
2009 Structural framework of the GABARAP-calreticulin interface--implications for substrate binding to endoplasmic reticulum chaperones. The FEBS journal 39 19154346
2025 A STING-CASM-GABARAP pathway activates LRRK2 at lysosomes. The Journal of cell biology 37 39812709
2014 Lipidation of the autophagy proteins LC3 and GABARAP is a membrane-curvature dependent process. Autophagy 37 24991828
2007 Regulation of GABA(A)-receptor surface expression with special reference to the involvement of GABARAP (GABA(A) receptor-associated protein) and PRIP (phospholipase C-related, but catalytically inactive protein). Journal of pharmacological sciences 37 17690529
2013 Gene deletion of Gabarap enhances Nlrp3 inflammasome-dependent inflammatory responses. Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) 36 23427251
2013 Interaction of Bcl-2 with the autophagy-related GABAA receptor-associated protein (GABARAP): biophysical characterization and functional implications. The Journal of biological chemistry 35 24240096
2015 GABARAP-mediated targeting of PI4K2A/PI4KIIα to autophagosomes regulates PtdIns4P-dependent autophagosome-lysosome fusion. Autophagy 34 26391226
2019 The Machado-Joseph disease deubiquitylase ataxin-3 interacts with LC3C/GABARAP and promotes autophagy. Aging cell 33 31625269
2022 NEAT1 Confers Radioresistance to Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells by Inducing Autophagy through GABARAP. International journal of molecular sciences 32 35054896
2001 A novel early estrogen-regulated gene gec1 encodes a protein related to GABARAP. Biochemical and biophysical research communications 31 11374880
2010 GABARAP is overexpressed in colorectal carcinoma and correlates with shortened patient survival. Hepato-gastroenterology 30 20583424
2006 Lysosomal turnover of GABARAP-phospholipid conjugate is activated during differentiation of C2C12 cells to myotubes without inactivation of the mTor kinase-signaling pathway. Autophagy 30 16874098
2023 TNIP1 inhibits selective autophagy via bipartite interaction with LC3/GABARAP and TAX1BP1. Molecular cell 29 36898370
2022 Structure-Based Design of Stapled Peptides That Bind GABARAP and Inhibit Autophagy. Journal of the American Chemical Society 29 35917476
2011 Effects of C-terminal modifications of GEC1 protein and gamma-aminobutyric acid type A (GABA(A)) receptor-associated protein (GABARAP), two microtubule-associated proteins, on kappa opioid receptor expression. The Journal of biological chemistry 29 21388957
2005 GABAA receptor-associated protein (GABARAP) induces apoptosis by interacting with DEAD (Asp-Glu-Ala-Asp/His) box polypeptide 47 (DDX 47). Biotechnology letters 29 15977068
1987 Target-selective cytotoxicity of methotrexate conjugated with monoclonal anti-MM46 antibody. Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII 28 3496155
2003 GABARAP: lessons for synaptogenesis. The Neuroscientist : a review journal bringing neurobiology, neurology and psychiatry 27 15065816
2006 Specific distribution of gabarap, gec1/gabarap Like 1, gate16/gabarap Like 2, lc3 messenger RNAs in rat brain areas by quantitative real-time PCR. Brain research 26 16458273
2020 Regulation of Expression of Autophagy Genes by Atg8a-Interacting Partners Sequoia, YL-1, and Sir2 in Drosophila. Cell reports 25 32460019
2006 Fine mapping of a linkage region on chromosome 17p13 reveals that GABARAP and DLG4 are associated with vulnerability to nicotine dependence in European-Americans. Human molecular genetics 24 17164261
2017 Methods for Studying Interactions Between Atg8/LC3/GABARAP and LIR-Containing Proteins. Methods in enzymology 23 28253953
2006 Human RAB24, interestingly and predominantly distributed in the nuclei of COS-7 cells, is colocalized with cyclophilin A and GABARAP. International journal of molecular medicine 23 16596256
2006 GABA increases both the conductance and mean open time of recombinant GABAA channels co-expressed with GABARAP. The Journal of biological chemistry 23 16954214
2021 GABARAP suppresses EMT and breast cancer progression via the AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. Aging 22 33591943
2020 Selective binding of mitophagy receptor protein Bcl-rambo to LC3/GABARAP family proteins. Biochemical and biophysical research communications 22 32828302
2008 An indole-binding site is a major determinant of the ligand specificity of the GABA type A receptor-associated protein GABARAP. Chembiochem : a European journal of chemical biology 22 18567048
2020 Role of Gate-16 and Gabarap in Prevention of Caspase-11-Dependent Excess Inflammation and Lethal Endotoxic Shock. Frontiers in immunology 21 33042141
2018 Autophagy mediates phosphatidylserine exposure and phagosome degradation during apoptosis through specific functions of GABARAP/LGG-1 and LC3/LGG-2. Autophagy 21 30160610
2015 The two Dictyostelium autophagy eight proteins, ATG8a and ATG8b, associate with the autophagosome in succession. European journal of cell biology 21 26697781
2013 Enrichment of GABARAP relative to LC3 in the axonal initial segments of neurons. PloS one 21 23671684
2010 C-terminal processing of GABARAP is not required for trafficking of the angiotensin II type 1A receptor. Regulatory peptides 21 19766149
2022 GMAP is an Atg8a-interacting protein that regulates Golgi turnover in Drosophila. Cell reports 20 35649355
2016 No ATG8s, no problem? How LC3/GABARAP proteins contribute to autophagy. The Journal of cell biology 20 27888204
2019 GABARAP promotes bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells-based the osteoarthritis cartilage regeneration through the inhibition of PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. Journal of cellular physiology 18 31020644
2002 Biochemical identification of the binding domain in the GABA(A) receptor-associated protein (GABARAP) mediating dimer formation. Neuropharmacology 18 12367594
2017 Direct binding to GABARAP family members is essential for HIV-1 Nef plasma membrane localization. Scientific reports 17 28729737
2024 Loss of GABARAP mediates resistance to immunogenic chemotherapy in multiple myeloma. Blood 16 38551812
2017 Control of GABARAP-mediated autophagy by the Golgi complex, centrosome and centriolar satellites. Biology of the cell 16 28990689
2009 GABARAP deficiency modulates expression of NaPi-IIa in renal brush-border membranes. American journal of physiology. Renal physiology 16 19225049
2009 Comparative modeling of human NSF reveals a possible binding mode of GABARAP and GATE-16. Proteins 16 19533740
2022 Ceramide enhances binding of LC3/GABARAP autophagy proteins to cardiolipin-containing membranes. International journal of biological macromolecules 15 35839958
2021 GABARAP ameliorates IL-1β-induced inflammatory responses and osteogenic differentiation in bone marrow-derived stromal cells by activating autophagy. Scientific reports 15 34078931
2017 Downregulation of autophagy-related gene ATG5 and GABARAP expression by IFN-λ1 contributes to its anti-HCV activity in human hepatoma cells. Antiviral research 15 28131804
1984 Conjugates of mitomycin C with the immunoglobulin M monomer fragment of a monoclonal anti-MM46 immunoglobulin M antibody with or without serum albumin as intermediary. Journal of applied biochemistry 15 6443109