Affinage

FHL3

Four and a half LIM domains protein 3 · UniProt Q13643

Length
280 aa
Mass
31.2 kDa
Annotated
2026-04-28
39 papers in source corpus 22 papers cited in narrative 22 extracted findings

Mechanistic narrative

Synthesis pass · prose summary of the discoveries below

FHL3 is a four-and-a-half LIM domain scaffold protein that functions as a versatile transcriptional co-regulator and cytoskeletal adaptor in muscle differentiation, development, and cancer biology. In skeletal muscle, FHL3 directly binds MyoD to co-repress myogenin transcription and retard myotube formation, while differentially regulating myosin heavy chain (MyHC) isoform expression through interactions with phosphorylated CREB at the MyHC 2a promoter and with YY1/EZH2 at the MyHC 2b locus, where it competes with EZH2 for YY1 binding to reduce H3K27me3 and promote fast-twitch fiber specification (PMID:17389685, PMID:26499038, PMID:36602641). At the cytoskeletal level, FHL3 binds actin directly, inhibits alpha-actinin-mediated actin bundling to promote stress fiber disassembly, and localizes to focal adhesions and Z-discs through interaction with alpha7beta1 integrin (PMID:12704194, PMID:15117962). In cancer contexts, FHL3 modulates TGF-β/Smad signaling by recruiting PPM1A phosphatase to Smad2/3 at the SOX4 promoter in glioma stem cells, stabilizes EMT transcription factors Snail1/Twist1/Slug by sequestering GSK3β away from ubiquitin ligase complexes, and promotes KRAS transcription by recruiting MAZ to G-quadruplex structures in hepatocellular carcinoma (PMID:29955125, PMID:31935687, PMID:34150617, PMID:41184244).

Mechanistic history

Synthesis pass · year-by-year structured walk · 12 steps
  1. 2001 Medium

    Establishing that FHL3 physically interacts with its paralog FHL2 and that individual LIM domains dictate distinct functions — LIM1 for focal adhesion localization and LIM2 for FHL2 binding — provided the first domain-function map for FHL3.

    Evidence Yeast two-hybrid, site-directed mutagenesis, and GFP-FRET in C2C12 myoblasts

    PMID:11135358

    Open questions at the time
    • No loss-of-function data to test functional consequence of FHL2–FHL3 interaction
    • Mitochondrial colocalization significance unexplored
  2. 2003 High

    Demonstrating that FHL3 directly binds actin and inhibits alpha-actinin-mediated actin bundling established it as a cytoskeletal regulator that promotes stress fiber disassembly and cell spreading.

    Evidence GST pull-down, co-immunoprecipitation, low-speed actin co-sedimentation, electron microscopy, and wound-healing assays

    PMID:12704194

    Open questions at the time
    • No knockout model to confirm in vivo cytoskeletal role
    • Regulation of FHL3 recruitment to actin unknown
  3. 2003 Medium

    Identification of FHL3 as a transcriptional co-repressor in complex with BKLF/KLF3 and CtBP2, and as a nuclear interaction partner of CDC25B2, expanded FHL3's role beyond cytoskeletal scaffolding into nuclear transcriptional regulation.

    Evidence Gel filtration co-elution, transcriptional reporter assays, FRET in C2C12 cells

    PMID:12556451 PMID:12681290

    Open questions at the time
    • Target genes co-repressed by BKLF–FHL3–CtBP2 not identified
    • Functional consequence of FHL3–CDC25B2 interaction remains unclear
  4. 2004 Medium

    Showing that FHL3 binds both alpha7 and beta1 integrin subunits and colocalizes at Z-disc periphery linked FHL3 to integrin-based mechanotransduction in skeletal muscle.

    Evidence Co-immunoprecipitation, deletion mapping, immunofluorescence in skeletal muscle

    PMID:15117962

    Open questions at the time
    • No functional perturbation of integrin–FHL3 interaction in muscle
    • Whether FHL3 transmits mechanical signals remains untested
  5. 2007 High

    Bidirectional perturbation (overexpression and siRNA knockdown) established FHL3 as a potent co-repressor of MyoD that retards myotube formation, and showed it is recruited by Sox15 to coactivate Foxk1 in myogenic progenitors, revealing context-dependent transcriptional roles in muscle differentiation.

    Evidence GST pull-down, co-immunoprecipitation, reporter assays, siRNA knockdown, transgenic mouse reporter, Sox15 mutant mice

    PMID:17363903 PMID:17389685

    Open questions at the time
    • How FHL3 switches between co-repressor and co-activator modes is unknown
    • No FHL3 conditional knockout in muscle lineage
  6. 2013 Medium

    Discovery that PCBP2 destabilizes FHL3 mRNA via 3′UTR binding, and that FHL3 overexpression suppresses glioma cell growth and induces apoptosis, positioned FHL3 as a post-transcriptionally regulated tumor suppressor in glioma.

    Evidence RIP-ChIP, siRNA knockdown, overexpression, in vivo tumor assays

    PMID:23585479 PMID:31693182

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct mRNA decay mechanism not characterized
    • Tumor-suppressive mechanism downstream of FHL3 only partially mapped
  7. 2015 Medium

    Demonstrating that FHL3 differentially regulates MyHC isoforms — repressing slow MyHC 1 via MyoD inhibition and activating fast MyHC 2a via pCREB — provided a molecular framework for fiber-type specification by a single scaffold protein.

    Evidence Co-immunoprecipitation, ChIP, transcriptional reporter assays

    PMID:26499038

    Open questions at the time
    • In vivo fiber-type switching by FHL3 not yet shown at this stage
    • Whether FHL3 phosphorylation status modulates CREB vs MyoD preference unknown
  8. 2018 Medium

    Showing that FHL3 recruits PPM1A phosphatase to dephosphorylate Smad2/3 at the SOX4 promoter, suppressing glioma stem cell self-renewal, defined a phosphatase-recruitment mechanism for FHL3's tumor-suppressive function.

    Evidence Co-immunoprecipitation, ChIP, sphere formation assay, in vivo tumor assays, siRNA knockdown

    PMID:29955125

    Open questions at the time
    • Structural basis for PPM1A recruitment by FHL3 not determined
    • Whether this mechanism operates outside glioma not tested
  9. 2020 Medium

    Discovery that FHL3 competitively sequesters GSK3β from Snail1/Twist1, preventing their ubiquitin-mediated degradation and promoting EMT in pancreatic cancer, revealed an oncogenic role contrasting with its tumor-suppressive function in glioma.

    Evidence Co-immunoprecipitation, domain deletion mapping, GSK3β inhibitor experiments, in vivo invasion assays

    PMID:31935687

    Open questions at the time
    • Context determinants switching FHL3 between tumor-suppressive and oncogenic roles not identified
    • Direct structural basis for GSK3β–LIM3 interaction unknown
  10. 2021 Medium

    Extension of GSK3β-sequestration mechanism to Slug/RNF146 in gastric cancer, and identification of FHL3–Smad1 interaction promoting wnt8 expression in Xenopus neural crest, demonstrated conservation of FHL3's scaffold function across Smad/GSK3β pathways and species.

    Evidence Co-immunoprecipitation, ChIP, in vivo xenograft and Xenopus morpholino experiments

    PMID:34150617 PMID:34161771

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether BMP-dependent Smad1 interaction in neural crest is conserved in mammals unknown
    • Relative contribution of Slug vs Snail1 stabilization to EMT not resolved
  11. 2023 High

    In vivo demonstration that FHL3 competes with EZH2 for YY1 binding, reducing H3K27me3 at the MyHC2b locus and promoting fast glycolytic fiber formation in transgenic mice and pigs, provided the first multi-species in vivo validation of FHL3's epigenetic role in fiber-type determination.

    Evidence Co-immunoprecipitation, ChIP, muscle-specific transgenic mice, lentivirus-mediated perturbation in mice and pigs

    PMID:36602641

    Open questions at the time
    • Genome-wide targets of YY1–FHL3 competition not profiled
    • Whether EZH2 displacement affects other loci in muscle not tested
  12. 2025 Medium

    Identification of FHL3 as a recruiter of MAZ to KRAS promoter G-quadruplexes in hepatocellular carcinoma, with YAP transcriptionally activating FHL3, placed FHL3 within a YAP–FHL3–MAZ–KRAS oncogenic axis.

    Evidence Co-immunoprecipitation, ChIP, luciferase reporter, siRNA knockdown, in vivo tumor model

    PMID:41184244

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct binding of FHL3 to G-quadruplex DNA not demonstrated
    • Whether FHL3–MAZ interaction operates at other G4-containing promoters unknown

Open questions

Synthesis pass · forward-looking unresolved questions
  • A central unresolved question is how FHL3 toggles between tumor-suppressive (glioma, via Smad2/3–PPM1A) and oncogenic (pancreatic/gastric/hepatocellular carcinoma, via GSK3β sequestration and MAZ recruitment) functions, and whether cell-type-specific post-translational modifications or partner availability govern this switch.
  • No systematic post-translational modification map of FHL3
  • No conditional knockout in any cancer model
  • Structural basis for multi-partner selectivity across LIM domains unresolved

Mechanism profile

Synthesis pass · controlled-vocabulary classification · explore literature graph →
Molecular activity
GO:0060090 molecular adaptor activity 5 GO:0140110 transcription regulator activity 5 GO:0008092 cytoskeletal protein binding 2
Localization
GO:0005634 nucleus 4 GO:0005856 cytoskeleton 2 GO:0005739 mitochondrion 1
Pathway
R-HSA-162582 Signal Transduction 6 R-HSA-1643685 Disease 5 R-HSA-74160 Gene expression (Transcription) 5 R-HSA-1266738 Developmental Biology 4
Partners
ACTN1CREB1FHL2GSK3BMAZMYOD1SMAD2YY1
Complex memberships
BKLF/KLF3–FHL3–CtBP2 repressor complex

Evidence

Reading pass · 22 per-paper findings extracted from the source corpus
Year Finding Method Journal Conf PMIDs
2003 Munc13-4 (encoded by UNC13D/FHL3 locus) is essential for the priming step of cytolytic granule secretion preceding vesicle membrane fusion in cytotoxic T lymphocytes. Mutations in hMunc13-4 cause FHL3. hMunc13-4 deficiency results in defective cytolytic granule exocytosis despite normal granule polarization and docking. Tagged hMunc13-4 localizes with cytotoxic granules at the immunological synapse. Patient mutation analysis, immunofluorescence localization of tagged protein, functional cytotoxicity assays in patient cells Cell High 14622600
2003 FHL3 (the LIM-domain protein) binds actin directly (confirmed by GST pull-down and co-immunoprecipitation of recombinant and endogenous proteins), localizes to actin stress fibers and focal adhesions following integrin engagement, and inhibits alpha-actinin-mediated actin bundling as demonstrated by low-speed co-sedimentation assays and electron microscopy, thereby promoting stress fiber disassembly and cell spreading. Yeast two-hybrid, GST pull-down, co-immunoprecipitation, immunofluorescence, low-speed actin co-sedimentation assay, electron microscopy, overexpression/wound healing assay The Journal of biological chemistry High 12704194
2004 FHL3 binds both the alpha-7 and beta-1 subunits of the muscle alpha7beta1 integrin receptor. The suprastructure of the whole FHL3 molecule (not any single LIM domain) is required for integrin binding. FHL3 colocalizes with alpha7beta1 integrin at the periphery of Z-discs in skeletal muscle, suggesting a role in mechanical stabilization. Co-immunoprecipitation, deletion mapping, immunofluorescence colocalization The Journal of biological chemistry Medium 15117962
2001 FHL3 physically interacts with FHL2; LIM2 of FHL3 is the essential domain for this interaction. LIM1 of FHL3 is essential for its subcellular localization to focal adhesions. FHL2 and FHL3 colocalize in mitochondria of C2C12 cells as demonstrated by GFP-FRET. Yeast two-hybrid, site-directed mutagenesis, GFP-fusion FRET in C2C12 cells Journal of cellular biochemistry Medium 11135358
2003 FHL3 interacts with the transcriptional repressor BKLF/KLF3 and its co-repressor CtBP2, forming a trimeric complex demonstrated by gel filtration co-elution. BKLF expression promotes nuclear accumulation of FHL3 and CtBP2. FHL3 can repress transcription in this context, contrary to its usual co-activator role. Co-immunoprecipitation, gel filtration co-elution, transcriptional reporter assays, immunofluorescence The Journal of biological chemistry Medium 12556451
2003 FHL3 interacts with CDC25B2 phosphatase specifically (not other CDC25B isoforms); the second LIM domain of FHL3 is essential for this interaction. FRET in C2C12 cells shows the interaction occurs in the nucleus. FHL3 binding does not impair CDC25B2 phosphatase activity or localization. Yeast two-hybrid, deletion/point mutation analysis, FRET in C2C12 cells, phosphatase activity assay Experimental cell research Medium 12681290
2007 FHL3 binds MyoD directly (demonstrated by direct binding assays, nuclear colocalization, and GST pull-down) and functions as a potent negative co-transcriptional regulator of MyoD. FHL3 overexpression retards myotube formation and decreases myogenin (but not MyoD) expression; siRNA-mediated FHL3 knockdown enhances differentiation and MyoD transcriptional activity in a dose-dependent manner. GST pull-down, co-immunoprecipitation, immunofluorescence colocalization, siRNA knockdown, overexpression, transcriptional reporter assays Journal of cell science High 17389685
2007 Fhl3 is recruited by Sox15 to transcriptionally coactivate Foxk1 gene expression in myogenic progenitor cells. Sox15 binds an evolutionarily conserved site in the Foxk1 promoter and recruits Fhl3; knockdown of Sox15 decreases Foxk1 expression and perturbs cell cycle kinetics. Transgenic mouse reporter assay, chromatin binding assay, siRNA knockdown, Sox15 mutant mice with satellite cell counting The EMBO journal Medium 17363903
2013 PCBP2 binds FHL3 mRNA (identified by RIP-ChIP) and destabilizes it, suppressing FHL3 protein expression. Knockdown of PCBP2 enhances FHL3 mRNA stability and increases FHL3 protein levels. FHL3 overexpression attenuates glioma cell growth and induces apoptosis. RIP-ChIP (RNA immunoprecipitation + microarray), siRNA knockdown, overexpression, in vitro and in vivo tumor growth assays The Journal of clinical investigation Medium 23585479
2015 FHL3 differentially regulates MyHC isoform expression: it downregulates MyHC 1/slow via inhibiting MyoD transcriptional activity, and upregulates MyHC 2a via interaction with phosphorylated CREB (pCREB). FHL3 interacts with MyoD, CREB, and pCREB in vivo; pCREB shows stronger binding to CRE of the MyHC 2a promoter than CREB, and FHL3 significantly affects pCREB binding capacity to CRE. Co-immunoprecipitation, chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP), transcriptional reporter assays, overexpression Cellular signalling Medium 26499038
2018 FHL3 interacts with the Smad2/3 protein complex at the SOX4 promoter region in glioma stem cells (GSCs), recruits PPM1A phosphatase to Smad2/3, inhibits SOX4 transcriptional activity, and suppresses GSC tumor sphere formation and self-renewal via downregulation of SOX2. Co-immunoprecipitation, ChIP, transcriptional reporter assays, sphere formation assay, in vivo tumor assays, siRNA knockdown Cell death and differentiation Medium 29955125
2020 FHL3 directly binds GSK3β (the LIM-3 domain of FHL3 is required); this interaction weakens the association between GSK3β and Snail1/Twist1, thereby inhibiting ubiquitin-proteasome-mediated degradation of these EMT transcription factors and promoting pancreatic cancer invasion and metastasis. Co-immunoprecipitation, domain deletion mapping, GSK3β inhibitor experiments, in vitro and in vivo invasion assays Aging Medium 31935687
2019 PCBP2 inhibits FHL3 expression by binding to the FHL3 3'UTR; PCBP2 activates TGF-β/Smad signaling by suppressing FHL3, and this pathway promotes glioma development. Knockdown of FHL3 reverses the antitumor effect of PCBP2 silencing. 3'UTR binding assay, siRNA knockdown, Western blot for pathway proteins, in vivo tumor assay Journal of cellular physiology Medium 31693182
2021 FHL3 competitively binds the ubiquitin complex (Slug/GSK3β/RNF146), preventing ubiquitination of Slug and up-regulating Slug expression, thereby promoting EMT and chemotherapy resistance in gastric cancer via MAPK/ERK and PI3K/Akt/GSK3β pathways. Co-immunoprecipitation, siRNA knockdown, overexpression, in vivo tumor xenograft, Western blot for pathway components Frontiers in oncology Medium 34150617
2021 Fhl3 (Xenopus ortholog) interacts with Smad1 and promotes Smad1 binding to the wnt8 promoter in a BMP-dependent manner during neural crest induction, thereby enhancing BMP signaling output and coordinating BMP-WNT signaling in neural crest development. Co-immunoprecipitation, ChIP, loss-of-function (morpholino), gain-of-function, in vivo Xenopus embryo assays Cell reports Medium 34161771
2012 FHL3 is a novel angiogenin (Ang)-binding partner identified by yeast two-hybrid screening and confirmed by co-immunoprecipitation and GST pull-down. FHL3 is required for Ang-mediated HeLa cell proliferation and nuclear translocation of Ang. Yeast two-hybrid, co-immunoprecipitation, GST pull-down, siRNA knockdown, cell proliferation assay Gene Medium 22633874
2010 The second zinc finger motif within LIM4 of FHL3 is responsible for its transactivation activity, as determined by sequential LIM domain deletion mutants assayed in a yeast auto-activation system. Yeast transcriptional activation assay, site-directed mutagenesis, Western blot Molekuliarnaia biologiia Low 20586194
2023 FHL3 directly interacts with the YY1 DNA-binding domain, represses YY1 binding to the MyHC2b gene regulatory region, and competes with EZH2 for binding to YY1's repression domain, thereby reducing H3K27me3 enrichment at the MyHC2b regulatory region and promoting fast glycolytic muscle fiber formation. In vivo, muscle-specific FHL3 overexpression increases fast-twitch myofiber proportion and reduces SDH activity. Co-immunoprecipitation, ChIP, transgenic mice, lentivirus-mediated overexpression/knockdown in mice and pigs Cellular and molecular life sciences High 36602641
2025 FHL3 interacts with MAZ (MYC-associated zinc finger protein) to recruit MAZ to G-quadruplex structures in the KRAS promoter, promoting KRAS transcription and downstream oncogenic signaling in hepatocellular carcinoma. YAP transcriptionally activates FHL3 as demonstrated by luciferase reporter assay and ChIP. Co-immunoprecipitation, ChIP, luciferase reporter assay, siRNA knockdown, in vivo tumor model Cell death & disease Medium 41184244
2025 AMBP competitively binds the zinc finger domain of FHL3, disrupting FHL3's protective role in preventing ubiquitin-proteasome-mediated degradation of phospho-ERK1/2 and phospho-JNK, thereby inhibiting osteoblastic differentiation of valvular interstitial cells and aortic valve calcification. Co-immunoprecipitation, AlphaFold3 structural modeling, siRNA knockdown, pharmacological inhibitors/agonists, in vivo mouse model Theranostics Medium 40225558
2025 FHL3 localizes to mitochondria-lipid droplet contact sites in HepG2 cells; suppression of FHL3 leads to reduced lipid droplet size, elongated mitochondrial morphology, and diminished mitochondria-lipid droplet interactions, suggesting a role in regulating fatty acid β-oxidation. Microscopy-guided spatial proteomics (Microscoop Mint), immunofluorescence, siRNA knockdown with organelle morphology readouts bioRxivpreprint Low bio_10.1101_2025.01.24.626799
2014 MT-1X (Metallothionein-1X) is a novel FHL3 binding partner identified by yeast two-hybrid and confirmed by co-immunoprecipitation and GST pull-down. MT-1X knockdown promotes FHL3-induced inhibitory effects on HepG2 cells by regulating FHL3-mediated Smad signaling and G2/M phase-related protein expression. Yeast two-hybrid, co-immunoprecipitation, GST pull-down, siRNA knockdown, Western blot PloS one Low 24690879

Source papers

Stage 0 corpus · 39 papers · ranked by NIH iCite citations
Year Title Journal Citations PMID
2003 Munc13-4 is essential for cytolytic granules fusion and is mutated in a form of familial hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (FHL3). Cell 691 14622600
2011 Familial hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis type 3 (FHL3) caused by deep intronic mutation and inversion in UNC13D. Blood 96 21931115
2013 RNA-binding protein PCBP2 modulates glioma growth by regulating FHL3. The Journal of clinical investigation 93 23585479
2004 The LIM-only proteins FHL2 and FHL3 interact with alpha- and beta-subunits of the muscle alpha7beta1 integrin receptor. The Journal of biological chemistry 91 15117962
2003 FHL3 is an actin-binding protein that regulates alpha-actinin-mediated actin bundling: FHL3 localizes to actin stress fibers and enhances cell spreading and stress fiber disassembly. The Journal of biological chemistry 76 12704194
1999 The LIM proteins FHL1 and FHL3 are expressed differently in skeletal muscle. Biochemical and biophysical research communications 74 10049693
2007 Sox15 and Fhl3 transcriptionally coactivate Foxk1 and regulate myogenic progenitor cells. The EMBO journal 66 17363903
2001 Protein-protein interaction of FHL3 with FHL2 and visualization of their interaction by green fluorescent proteins (GFP) two-fusion fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET). Journal of cellular biochemistry 57 11135358
2003 The LIM protein FHL3 binds basic Krüppel-like factor/Krüppel-like factor 3 and its co-repressor C-terminal-binding protein 2. The Journal of biological chemistry 48 12556451
2007 FHL3 binds MyoD and negatively regulates myotube formation. Journal of cell science 40 17389685
2011 Rapid diagnosis of FHL3 by flow cytometric detection of intraplatelet Munc13-4 protein. Blood 33 21653941
2012 Founder effects in two predominant intronic mutations of UNC13D, c.118-308C>T and c.754-1G>C underlie the unusual predominance of type 3 familial hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (FHL3) in Korea. Annals of hematology 32 23180437
2019 PCBP2 promotes the development of glioma by regulating FHL3/TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway. Journal of cellular physiology 29 31693182
2021 FHL3 Contributes to EMT and Chemotherapy Resistance Through Up-Regulation of Slug and Activation of TGFβ/Smad-Independent Pathways in Gastric Cancer. Frontiers in oncology 28 34150617
2015 FHL3 differentially regulates the expression of MyHC isoforms through interactions with MyoD and pCREB. Cellular signalling 28 26499038
2018 FHL3 links cell growth and self-renewal by modulating SOX4 in glioma. Cell death and differentiation 26 29955125
2020 FHL3 promotes pancreatic cancer invasion and metastasis through preventing the ubiquitination degradation of EMT associated transcription factors. Aging 25 31935687
2020 Clinical, immunological and genetic findings in patients with UNC13D deficiency (FHL3): A systematic review. Pediatric allergy and immunology : official publication of the European Society of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology 21 32679608
2019 FHL3 negatively regulates the differentiation of skeletal muscle satellite cells in chicken. 3 Biotech 21 31139537
2011 Downregulation and antiproliferative role of FHL3 in breast cancer. IUBMB life 19 22362714
2015 Angiogenin promotes U87MG cell proliferation by activating NF-κB signaling pathway and downregulating its binding partner FHL3. PloS one 18 25659096
2023 FHL3 promotes the formation of fast glycolytic muscle fibers by interacting with YY1 and muscle glycolytic metabolism. Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS 17 36602641
1998 Chromosomal mapping of a skeletal muscle specific LIM-only protein FHL3 to the distal end of the short arm of human chromosome 1. Somatic cell and molecular genetics 17 10226657
2021 BMP signaling is enhanced intracellularly by FHL3 controlling WNT-dependent spatiotemporal emergence of the neural crest. Cell reports 12 34161771
2012 Identification and characterization of FHL3 as a novel angiogenin-binding partner. Gene 12 22633874
2022 The Roles of FHL3 in Cancer. Frontiers in oncology 10 35686099
2025 AMBP protects against aortic valve calcification by inhibiting ERK1/2 and JNK pathways mediated by FHL3. Theranostics 9 40225558
2017 Specific activation of PLEKHG2-induced serum response element-dependent gene transcription by four-and-a-half LIM domains (FHL) 1, but not FHL2 or FHL3. Small GTPases 8 28489964
2009 Prokaryotic expression, purification and functional characterization of human FHL3. Biotechnology letters 8 19547926
2003 LIM-only protein FHL3 interacts with CDC25B2 phosphatase. Experimental cell research 8 12681290
2024 FHL3 gene regulates bovine skeletal muscle cell growth through the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. Comparative biochemistry and physiology. Part D, Genomics & proteomics 7 39549419
2014 Identification and characterization of MT-1X as a novel FHL3-binding partner. PloS one 7 24690879
2014 Ribotrap analysis of proteins associated with FHL3 3'untranslated region in glioma cells. Chinese medical sciences journal = Chung-kuo i hsueh k'o hsueh tsa chih 5 24998228
2004 cDNA cloning, genomic structure and polymorphism of the porcine FHL3 gene. Animal genetics 4 15147396
2025 The Hippo-YAP signaling pathway promotes hepatocellular carcinoma progression by inducing FHL3 expression. Cell death & disease 1 41184244
2024 Isoviolanthin promotes Schwann cells activity in peripheral nerve regeneration via Fhl3-mediated epithelial-mesenchymal transition-like process: An in vitro study. Heliyon 1 39811297
2020 MicroRNA-663 Regulates Melanoma Progression by Inhibiting FHL3. Technology in cancer research & treatment 1 33000682
2010 Identification of the transactivation domain of the human FHL3. Molekuliarnaia biologiia 1 20586194
2025 Isolated Central Nervous System FHL3 in an Asian Pediatric Patient: A Case Report and Literature Review. Journal of inflammation research 0 41064495