| 2007 |
E-Syt2 contains three C-terminal C2 domains; recombinant fragments including the C2A domain bind phospholipids in a Ca2+-dependent manner at micromolar free Ca2+ concentrations. The C2C domain of E-Syt2 functions as a targeting motif that localizes the protein to the plasma membrane independently of its transmembrane region. |
Recombinant protein biochemistry (Ca2+-dependent phospholipid binding assays), transfection of myc-tagged constructs with localization analysis, domain deletion/structure-function studies |
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America |
High |
17360437
|
| 2008 |
The soluble multi-C2 domain region of E-Syt2 undergoes Ca2+-triggered structural rearrangements and reversible multimerization in vitro, with an apparent Ca2+-binding constant of ~100 µM, as determined by small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). |
Small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) of recombinant E-Syt2 protein; quantitative calcium binding analysis |
FEBS letters |
Medium |
18977228
|
| 2010 |
E-Syt2 acts as an endocytic adaptor for clathrin-mediated endocytosis of the activated FGF receptor in Xenopus development; it interacts selectively with activated FGFR and with Adaptin-2, and is required upstream of Ras activation for ERK activation and mesoderm induction. |
Morpholino-based depletion in Xenopus embryos, co-immunoprecipitation with FGFR and Adaptin-2, epistasis with Ras/ERK pathway, rescue experiments, in vivo endocytosis assays |
Developmental cell |
High |
20833364
|
| 2012 |
The C2C domain of E-Syt2 directly binds a site adjacent to the CRIB/GBD domain of PAK1; this interaction suppresses actin polymerization, inhibits PAK1 activation by Cdc42 and Rac, and E-Syt2–PAK1 complexes selectively associate with FGFR1 to cooperate in FGF signaling. |
Co-immunoprecipitation, domain mapping (C2C domain pulldown), functional PAK1 activation assays, actin polymerization assays, FGFR1 complex analysis |
Biology open |
Medium |
23213466
|
| 2013 |
E-Syt2 and E-Syt3 tether the ER to the plasma membrane via C2 domain-dependent interactions requiring PI(4,5)P2; elevation of cytosolic Ca2+ is additionally required for E-Syt1-mediated tethering. The E-Syts form heteromeric complexes, conferring Ca2+ regulation to ER-PM contact formation. E-Syt-mediated contacts are not required for store-operated Ca2+ entry. |
Fluorescence microscopy (ER-PM contact site quantification), PI(4,5)P2 manipulation, Ca2+ imaging, co-immunoprecipitation (heteromeric complex), siRNA knockdown, STIM1/Orai1 epistasis |
Cell |
High |
23791178
|
| 2013 |
Crystal structures of the tandem C2A-C2B domains of E-Syt2 reveal a rigid V-shaped architecture not substantially altered by Ca2+. The C2A domain binds up to four Ca2+ ions while the C2B domain does not bind Ca2+. NMR confirmed these Ca2+-binding properties. |
X-ray crystallography (structures in absence and presence of Ca2+), NMR spectroscopy for Ca2+-binding analysis |
Structure |
High |
24373768
|
| 2014 |
The crystal structure of an E-Syt2 fragment (SMP domain plus C2A-C2B) at 2.44 Å resolution reveals a TULIP superfamily β-barrel SMP domain that dimerizes to form a ~90-Å hydrophobic channel. Mass spectrometry identified glycerophospholipids bound within this channel, demonstrating that E-Syt2 directly binds and likely transfers lipids via its SMP domain. |
X-ray crystallography (2.44 Å resolution crystal structure), mass spectrometry (lipid identification from SMP channel) |
Nature |
High |
24847877
|
| 2014 |
ESyt2 is directed to the ER by its transmembrane domain. ESyt2 homodimerizes in vivo via a TM-adjacent sequence (not the SMP domain). ESyt2 (and ESyt3, but not ESyt1) selectively interacts with activated FGFR1 in vivo through a short TM-adjacent sequence; this interaction is independent of receptor autophosphorylation but dependent on receptor conformation (upper kinase lobe site revealed upon activation loop displacement). |
Co-immunoprecipitation, domain deletion/mutagenesis constructs, localization studies, kinase-dead mutant analysis |
The Journal of biological chemistry |
Medium |
25922075
|
| 2016 |
At steady state, E-Syt2 positions Sac1 (an integral ER membrane lipid phosphatase) at ER-PM junctions, where Sac1 limits PM PI(4)P levels. Activation of GPCRs depleting PM PI(4,5)P2 disrupts E-Syt2-mediated ER-PM junctions, reducing Sac1 access to the PM and allowing PI(4)P and PI(4,5)P2 recovery. ER Ca2+ depletion and SOCE activation increase Sac1 at the PM via E-Syt2 contacts, depleting PM PI(4)P. |
Fluorescence microscopy (E-Syt2 and Sac1 colocalization at ER-PM junctions), GPCR stimulation/PI(4,5)P2 depletion experiments, SOCE activation, phosphoinositide biosensors, siRNA knockdown |
The Journal of cell biology |
High |
27044890
|
| 2016 |
ESYT2-short variant inhibition causes cortical redistribution of actin in lung cancer cells, whereas inhibition of the long variant increases endocytosis, revealing isoform-specific roles for ESYT2 in cytoskeletal organization and endocytosis. |
siRNA knockdown of individual ESYT2 splice variants, actin distribution imaging, endocytosis assays in lung cancer cells |
Molecular oncology |
Medium |
27555542
|
| 2017 |
Single-molecule optical tweezers measurements show that C2 domains of E-Syt2 resist membrane unbinding forces of 2–7 pN and have binding energies of 4–14 kBT per C2 domain. Regulation by bilayer composition and Ca2+ recapitulated known properties of E-Syt2 C2 domains. |
Single-molecule force spectroscopy (optical tweezers), defined lipid bilayer compositions, Ca2+ titration |
eLife |
High |
29083305
|
| 2017 |
RASSF4 regulates E-Syt2- and E-Syt3-mediated ER-PM tethering by controlling PM PI(4,5)P2 levels through ARF6-dependent activation of PIP5Ks. Knockdown of RASSF4 reduces PI(4,5)P2, impairing E-Syt2/3 localization to ER-PM junctions. |
siRNA knockdown of RASSF4, ER-PM contact site imaging, PI(4,5)P2 biosensor, ARF6 activity assay, co-immunoprecipitation (RASSF4-ARF6) |
The Journal of cell biology |
Medium |
28600435
|
| 2017 |
UBQLN1 interacts with ESYT2 through its STI chaperone-like domains (not the UBA or UBL domains) and stabilizes ESYT2 protein levels in a manner dependent on UBQLN1's UBA domain interaction with ubiquitin. |
Co-immunoprecipitation, domain deletion constructs of UBQLN1, Western blot for protein stability |
Journal of cellular biochemistry |
Low |
28075048
|
| 2020 |
Sec22b interacts with E-Syt2 via the longin domain of Sec22b. This interaction stabilizes Sec22b-Stx1 association at ER-PM contacts. Overexpression of wild-type E-Syt2 (but not lipid-transfer-deficient or ER-attachment mutants) increases axonal filopodia formation and neurite ramification; this effect requires Stx1 cleavage sensitivity and the Sec22b longin domain. |
Co-immunoprecipitation (Sec22b-E-Syt2 interaction), domain mutant analysis, overexpression and silencing in neurons, neurite morphology quantification, clostridial neurotoxin epistasis |
Journal of cell science |
Medium |
32843578
|
| 2020 |
The short isoform of E-Syt2 (E-Syt2S) is the predominant E-Syt2 isoform in T cells and directly interacts with STIM1, recruiting it to ER-PM junctions independently of ER-PM membrane tethering, thereby supporting CRAC channel (Orai1-STIM1) activation and store-operated Ca2+ entry in Jurkat T cells but not in HeLa cells. |
CRISPR/siRNA knockdown, co-immunoprecipitation (E-Syt2S–STIM1), Ca2+ imaging (SOCE measurement), Orai1-STIM1 clustering imaging, isoform-specific expression analysis |
Scientific reports |
Medium |
32879390
|
| 2021 |
In C. elegans, ESYT-2 colocalizes with junctophilin JPH-1 at membrane contact sites in neurons. Genetic double-mutant analysis shows that jph-1 and esyt-2 null mutants display mutual suppression of aldicarb response, indicating that JPH-1 and ESYT-2 have antagonistic roles in neuromuscular synaptic transmission. |
Fluorescence localization studies, genetic epistasis (double-mutant analysis), aldicarb sensitivity assay in C. elegans |
Genetics |
Medium |
33871019
|
| 2023 |
E-Syt2 reduces plasma membrane DAG levels in resting T cells, thereby downmodulating T-cell receptor signaling, cytotoxicity, degranulation, and cytokine production. Upon TCR stimulation, both E-Syt1 and E-Syt2 negatively control TCR signaling through DAG reduction at the PM. |
Knockdown/deletion of E-Syt2 (and E-Syt1) in T cells, DAG biosensor imaging, TCR signaling readouts (cytokine production, degranulation, cytotoxicity assays) |
EMBO reports |
Medium |
38177911
|
| 2025 |
ESYT2 forms a multimeric complex with ESYT1 and VAPB at lipid droplet–mitochondria–ER contact sites. Deletion of ESYT2 limits lipid droplet-derived fatty acid oxidation, depletes TCA cycle metabolites, remodels the cellular lipidome, and induces lipotoxic stress; these findings were recapitulated in Esyt2-deficient mice. |
Proximity-dependent biotinylation (BioID), high-resolution imaging, ESYT2 deletion (cell lines and mice), fatty acid oxidation assays, metabolomics (TCA cycle metabolites), lipidomics |
Nature communications |
High |
40032835
|
| 2025 |
E-Syt2 dissociates the ANO1-VAPA interaction at STIM1 ER-PM junctions and forms an ANO1-IRBIT-E-Syt2-AC6-AKAP11-PKA complex that phosphorylates ANO1 at S221, markedly reducing ANO1 Ca2+ affinity. These effects are primarily mediated by E-Syt2 reciprocally regulating junctional PI(4)P, PI(4,5)P2, and PtdSer levels. |
Co-immunoprecipitation (complex assembly), phosphorylation site mutagenesis (S221), Ca2+ affinity measurements for ANO1, phosphoinositide biosensors, knockdown and rescue experiments |
Nature communications |
Medium |
40204782
|