| 2003 |
EHD2 contains an N-terminal P-loop and a C-terminal EH domain that interacts with NPF repeats in EHBP1; disruption of EHD2 or EHBP1 by siRNA inhibits transferrin and GLUT4 endocytosis into EEA1-positive endosomes; EHD2 localizes with cortical actin filaments and high expression causes extensive actin reorganization, linking clathrin-mediated endocytosis to the actin cytoskeleton. |
siRNA knockdown, Co-IP/pulldown, subcellular localization by fluorescence microscopy, endocytosis assays |
The Journal of biological chemistry |
High |
14676205
|
| 2004 |
EHD2 is present in purified GLUT4 vesicles of rat adipocytes and co-immunoprecipitates with GLUT4; insulin treatment selectively enhances this interaction in exocytic vesicle fractions; antibody or peptide blockade of EHD2 suppresses insulin-induced plasma membrane GLUT4 recruitment by up to 75%. |
MALDI-TOF MS identification from purified GLUT4 vesicles, co-immunoprecipitation, GST pulldown, SLO-permeabilized adipocyte trafficking assay |
Biochemistry |
Medium |
15182197
|
| 2008 |
EHD2 directly binds the second C2 domain of myoferlin; introduction of dominant-negative EHD2 sequesters myoferlin and inhibits myoblast fusion; myoferlin-null myoblasts accumulate transferrin and show delayed recycling, implicating EHD2 in endocytic recycling during myoblast membrane fusion. |
Direct binding assay (pulldown), dominant-negative overexpression, transferrin recycling assay, immunofluorescence |
The Journal of biological chemistry |
High |
18502764
|
| 2010 |
EHD2 (and EHD1) bind directly to the second C2 domain of Fer1L5; reduction of EHD1 and/or EHD2 inhibits myoblast fusion; EHD2 is required for normal translocation of Fer1L5 to the plasma membrane. |
Direct binding assay, siRNA knockdown, myoblast fusion assay, immunofluorescence localization |
The Journal of biological chemistry |
Medium |
21177873
|
| 2010 |
Prohibitin (PHB) undergoes palmitoylation at Cys69, which is required for its plasma membrane translocation; membrane-translocated PHB undergoes tyrosine phosphorylation and interacts with EHD2. |
Palmitoylation assay, site-directed mutagenesis (Cys69), co-immunoprecipitation, membrane fractionation |
Biochemistry and cell biology |
Medium |
20555396
|
| 2011 |
EHD2 interacts with Nek3 kinase and Vav1 (a GEF for Rho GTPases) as identified by yeast two-hybrid; wild-type EHD2 (but not P-loop mutants) reduces Rac1 activity; inhibitory effect on Rac1 partially rescued by Rac1 co-expression, placing EHD2 upstream of Rac1 in trafficking from the plasma membrane. |
Yeast two-hybrid, Rac1 activity assay (G-LISA/pull-down), dominant-negative/P-loop mutant overexpression, cholera toxin trafficking assay |
The Biochemical journal |
Medium |
21756249
|
| 2012 |
EHD2 is specifically and stably associated with caveolae at the plasma membrane (not clathrin-mediated endocytosis or endosomal recycling); EHD2 interacts with pacsin2 and cavin1; ordered membrane assembly requires cavin1 and caveolar integrity; a loop in the nucleotide-binding domain and ATP binding are required for caveolar localization; EHD2 stabilizes caveolae at the plasma membrane—its depletion results in more dynamic, short-lived, endocytic caveolae. |
Fluorescence microscopy, TIRF, siRNA knockdown, Co-IP, dominant-negative/mutant expression, live-cell imaging of caveolar dynamics |
Molecular biology of the cell |
High |
22323287
|
| 2012 |
EHD2 (an ATPase) associates with the static population of plasma membrane caveolae; recruitment requires ATP binding, anionic lipid interaction, and oligomerization into large (60-75S) complexes via EH domain interactions with intrinsic NPF/KPF motifs; ATP hydrolysis is essential for binding to caveolae; EHD2 undergoes dynamic exchange at caveolae dependent on the ATPase cycle; depletion increases mobile caveolar vesicles; overexpression confines cholera toxin B in caveolae; confining role relies on linking caveolae to actin filaments. |
Sedimentation (sucrose gradient), siRNA knockdown, dominant-negative mutant expression, FRAP, TIRF live imaging, actin co-localization |
The EMBO journal |
High |
22505029
|
| 2012 |
EHD2 shuttles to the nucleus via a nuclear localization signal (NLS); nuclear export depends partially on a nuclear export signal (NES); elimination of a SUMOylation site causes major nuclear accumulation and SUMOylation is confirmed by co-immunoprecipitation and yeast two-hybrid; nuclear EHD2 represses transcription including p21WAF1/Cip1 (CDKN1A) as shown by GAL4 transactivation and KLF7-dependent transcription assays, confirmed by qRT-PCR in KD and OE cells. |
Nuclear export inhibitor treatment, NLS/NES mutagenesis, co-immunoprecipitation, yeast two-hybrid, GAL4 transactivation assay, qRT-PCR |
The Biochemical journal |
High |
22448906
|
| 2012 |
EHD2 accumulates at the site of laser-induced injury in human myotubes and at repair domes during sarcolemmal remodeling; EHD1 and a dominant-negative EHD2 mutant do not accumulate at injury sites, indicating a specific and ATPase-dependent role for EHD2 in sarcolemmal membrane repair. |
Live-cell laser injury assay, GFP-tagged protein localization, dominant-negative mutant expression, time-lapse fluorescence microscopy |
Traffic |
Medium |
22679923
|
| 2013 |
Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) is required for EHD2 plasma membrane localization; pharmacologic perturbation of PIP2 metabolism redistributes EHD2 away from the plasma membrane; EHD2 colocalizes with PIP2-enriched Arf6-generated vacuoles; actin disruption by cytochalasin D co-redistributes both PIP2 and EHD2 to actin aggregates, indicating PIP2 rather than actin per se controls EHD2 localization. |
Confocal microscopy, pharmacologic PIP2 perturbation, Arf6 dominant-active expression, cytochalasin D treatment |
PloS one |
Medium |
24040268
|
| 2014 |
EHD2 residues at the tip of the helical domain insert into the membrane (wedging mechanism creating curvature); the N terminus is folded into a hydrophobic pocket of the GTPase domain in solution and is released into the membrane upon membrane binding; cryo-EM shows N terminus is not essential for oligomerization but regulates targeting and stable association of EHD2 to caveolae. |
Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), X-ray crystallography, cryo-electron microscopy, site-directed mutagenesis |
Structure |
High |
24508342
|
| 2015 |
The NPF motif of the EHD2 unstructured loop is required for homo-dimerization and Syndapin2 binding, whereas the KPF motif phenylalanine is essential for plasma membrane localization; NPF-to-NAF mutation abolishes dimerization and Syndapin2 binding but maintains plasma membrane association; NPF-to-APA mutation preserves dimerization and Syndapin2 binding but increases nuclear localization. |
Mutagenesis (NPF→NAF, NPF→APA), co-immunoprecipitation, confocal microscopy, nuclear localization quantification |
PloS one |
Medium |
25875965
|
| 2016 |
A novel Rab10–EHBP1–EHD2 complex is essential for autophagic engulfment of lipid droplets (lipophagy) in hepatocytes; Rab10 activity increases during autophagy and recruits EHBP1 and EHD2 to nascent autophagic membranes at the lipid droplet surface; siRNA knockdown or GTPase-defective Rab10 leads to LD accumulation and impairs LC3 recruitment to the autophagosome. |
siRNA knockdown, GTPase-defective Rab10 expression, co-immunoprecipitation, immunofluorescence co-localization, autophagy assay |
Science advances |
High |
28028537
|
| 2017 |
EHD2 is autoinhibited in solution via N-terminal residues and EH domain interactions; upon membrane binding EHD2 adopts an open conformation by tilting helical domains (shown by infrared reflection-absorption spectroscopy); ATP binding enables partial insertion into the membrane and G-domain-mediated oligomerization; ATP hydrolysis is coupled to detachment from the membrane; oligomerization in the membrane-bound state is required to restrict caveolae dynamics in cells. |
Infrared reflection-absorption spectroscopy (IRRAS), ATPase assay, mutagenesis, live-cell caveolae dynamics imaging |
PNAS |
High |
28223496
|
| 2018 |
Under mechanical stress, EHD2 is rapidly released from caveolae, SUMOylated, and translocated to the nucleus where it regulates transcription of genes including caveolae constituents; EHD2 is required to maintain the caveolae reservoir during membrane tension variations; breast cancer cells lacking EHD2 show complete absence of caveolae and loss of mechanostress gene regulation, both rescued by EHD2 re-expression. |
Live-cell imaging of EHD2 under stretch, SUMOylation assay, nuclear fractionation, transcriptomics, metal-replica EM, EHD2 knockout/rescue in breast cancer cells |
The Journal of cell biology |
High |
30348749
|
| 2018 |
EHD2 positively regulates surface expression of cardiac KATP channels by stabilizing caveolar structures and reducing endocytosis rate; this effect is specific to EHD2 (EHD1, EHD3, EHD4 have no effect); dominant-negative EHD2 sensitizes cardiomyocytes to ischemic damage without changing unitary conductance or ATP sensitivity of KATP channels. |
Immunofluorescence, surface biotinylation, patch clamping, dominant-negative expression, cardiomyocyte ischemia assay |
FASEB journal |
Medium |
29133341
|
| 2019 |
EHD2 controls caveolae-dependent fatty acid uptake; EHD2 global knockout in mice increases lipid droplet size in fat tissue and fatty acid uptake via a caveolae- and CD36-dependent pathway involving dynamin; elevated numbers of detached caveolae are found in adipose tissue lacking EHD2, and caveolar mobility is increased in EHD2-null MEFs; EHD2 expression is down-regulated in visceral fat of obese mouse models and obese patients. |
EHD2 knockout mouse, fatty acid uptake assay, electron microscopy, TIRF live imaging of caveolae mobility, tissue fractionation |
PNAS |
High |
32170013
|
| 2019 |
EHD2 controls caveolar dynamics to orchestrate eNOS activity; EHD2 deletion leads to increased detached caveolae in arteries, redistribution of eNOS from plasma membrane to internalized caveolae, decreased NO production, impaired mesenteric artery relaxation, and reduced cytosolic Ca2+ peaks in HUVECs after ATP stimulus. |
EHD2 knockout mouse, super-resolution imaging, NO measurement, pressure myography, Ca2+ imaging (HUVECs), eNOS immunolocalization |
PloS one |
High |
31600286
|
| 2019 |
EHD2 protein expression is up-regulated at onset of adipocyte differentiation; siRNA-mediated EHD2 silencing impairs insulin sensitivity, lipid storage, and lipolysis; EHD2 localizes to caveolae near cell surface-associated lipid droplets; EHD2 overexpression increases lipolytic signaling and suppresses PPARγ transcription factor activity. |
siRNA knockdown, fluorescence imaging, insulin sensitivity assay, lipolysis assay, PPARγ activity assay, adipocyte differentiation model |
Molecular biology of the cell |
Medium |
30811273
|
| 2021 |
EHD2 localizes to plasma membrane-bound Dll4 and caveolae in endothelial cells; disruption of caveolae prevents EHD2 organization around Dll4 and reduces Dll4 internalization; EHD2 knockout in zebrafish increases dysmorphic vascular sprouts and reduces downstream Notch signaling, identifying EHD2 as a modulator of Dll4 endocytosis and Notch activation during blood vessel development. |
In vitro co-localization, caveolae disruption, EHD2 morpholino/knockout in zebrafish, Notch reporter assay, in vivo vascular imaging |
Microcirculation |
Medium |
34820962
|
| 2022 |
Super-resolution single-molecule localization shows PACSIN2 and EHD2 co-localize with caveolin-1 at typically sized caveolae; PACSIN2 F-BAR domain is positioned closer to the plasma membrane than EHD2 and caveolin-1, suggesting PACSIN2 connects caveolae to the plasma membrane while EHD2 is positioned more internally. |
3D single-molecule localization super-resolution microscopy (STORM/PALM), geometric clustering analysis |
PloS one |
Medium |
35834519
|
| 2023 |
EHD2-dependent stabilization of plasma membrane caveolae maintains high cell surface expression of the SOCE-linked calcium channel Orai1; EHD2 shRNA knockdown and CRISPR-Cas9 knockout reduce store-operated calcium entry (SOCE) and impair tumorigenesis and metastasis in TNBC cells, rescued by mouse Ehd2 re-expression. |
shRNA knockdown, CRISPR-Cas9 KO, mouse Ehd2 rescue, Ca2+ imaging (SOCE assay), Orai1 surface expression, tumorigenesis and metastasis assays |
eLife |
Medium |
36625722
|
| 2023 |
EHD2 deficiency in adipocytes (EHD2 KO mice on high-fat diet and 3T3-L1 cells) is associated with deterioration of insulin signal transduction and impaired insulin-stimulated GLUT4 translocation; lack of EHD2 alters plasma membrane lipid and protein composition, reduces insulin receptor expression, and diminishes insulin-dependent SNARE protein complex formation. |
EHD2 KO mouse (high-fat diet), 3T3-L1 adipocyte siRNA KD, GLUT4 translocation assay, plasma membrane lipidomics/proteomics, insulin receptor expression, SNARE complex co-IP |
Molecular biology of the cell |
Medium |
37703099
|
| 2025 |
Cryo-electron tomography of EHD2 filaments on tubulated liposomes shows EHD2 forms a highly curved membrane scaffold that stabilizes a tubular geometry with periodic undulations; the N-terminal sequence inserts into the membrane and acts as a spacer between adjacent filaments; in endothelial cells lacking EHD2, caveolar necks become narrower and elongated. |
Cryo-electron tomography, tubulated liposome reconstitution, N-terminal deletion mutagenesis, EM of EHD2-null endothelial caveolae |
bioRxiv (preprint)preprint |
High |
bio_10.1101_2025.06.05.658037
|