Affinage

CUX1

Homeobox protein cut-like 1 · UniProt P39880

Length
1505 aa
Mass
164.2 kDa
Annotated
2026-04-28
100 papers in source corpus 28 papers cited in narrative 28 extracted findings

Mechanistic narrative

Synthesis pass · prose summary of the discoveries below

CUX1 is a homeodomain transcription factor with dual roles in cell cycle regulation and DNA damage repair, operating through multiple isoforms generated by proteolytic processing, alternative transcription initiation, and circular RNA translation. Nuclear cathepsin L cleaves full-length CUX1 (p200) at the G1/S boundary to produce the p110 isoform, which stably binds DNA, cooperates with E2F1/E2F2 to activate S-phase genes (cyclin E2, cyclin A2, DNA polymerase alpha), and recruits co-repressors Groucho/TLE4 with HDAC1/3 to silence CDK inhibitors p21 and p27, thereby accelerating G1/S transit (PMID:15099520, PMID:16508018, PMID:18347061, PMID:19332113). Independent of its transcriptional activity, CUX1 CUT repeat domains directly stimulate base excision repair enzymes OGG1 and APE1, enabling repair of oxidative DNA damage and preventing RAS-induced senescence; Cux1-null cells fail to proliferate under normoxic conditions but are rescued by a CUT-domain-only construct lacking transcriptional capacity (PMID:24618719, PMID:25682875, PMID:29036362). CUX1 additionally regulates inflammatory chemokine expression through cooperation with NF-κB, controls dendritic branching in cortical neurons partly via p27 suppression, transcriptionally activates Wnt pathway genes, and functions as a haploinsufficient tumor suppressor whose loss in AML de-represses the anti-apoptotic gene CFLAR (PMID:32079724, PMID:20510857, PMID:19738070, PMID:33931647).

Mechanistic history

Synthesis pass · year-by-year structured walk · 11 steps
  1. 1999 High

    Establishing CUX1 as a transcriptional repressor that acts through direct DNA binding and protein–protein interactions: CUX1 was shown to repress the immunoglobulin heavy chain enhancer by competing with Bright at MAR sequences, and separately to bind SATB1 via its CUT repeats, mutually inhibiting DNA binding of both factors.

    Evidence EMSA, co-immunoprecipitation, reporter assays, GST pull-down, Far-Western in lymphoid cells

    PMID:10373541 PMID:9858552

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether CUX1–SATB1 interaction is relevant in non-lymphoid contexts remains untested
    • No structural detail of CUT repeat–partner interfaces
  2. 2002 Medium

    Discovery of the p75 isoform established that CUX1 generates functionally distinct shorter proteins by alternative transcription initiation, capable of repressing p21 and activating DNA replication genes.

    Evidence RT-PCR mapping of intron 20 initiation site, reporter assays for p21 and DNA polymerase alpha promoters, mammary epithelial cell models

    PMID:12438259

    Open questions at the time
    • Relative physiological abundance of p75 vs. other isoforms in normal tissues unclear
    • Mechanism distinguishing repression vs. activation by the same isoform not resolved
  3. 2004 High

    The mechanism generating the dominant CUX1 isoform p110 was resolved: a nuclear, signal-peptide-less cathepsin L is translated from alternative AUG sites, localizes to the nucleus specifically during G1/S, and proteolytically cleaves full-length CUX1.

    Evidence Activity-based probe labeling, cathepsin L knockout MEFs, immunofluorescence, ectopic expression rescue

    PMID:15099520

    Open questions at the time
    • Signals controlling nuclear import of cathepsin L not defined
    • Whether other substrates of nuclear cathepsin L coordinate with CUX1 processing is unknown
  4. 2006 High

    The functional consequence of CUX1 processing was established: p110 accelerates S-phase entry by 2–4 hours, upregulates cyclins E2 and A2, and genetic inactivation (Cutl1z/z) prolongs G1 and reduces proliferation, defining CUX1 as a cell cycle accelerator.

    Evidence Stable p110 expression, multiple synchronization methods, centrifugal elutriation, Cutl1z/z MEFs, tumor growth assays

    PMID:16508018 PMID:16972798

    Open questions at the time
    • Relative contributions of transcriptional activation vs. CDK inhibitor repression to G1 shortening not separated
    • Whether p90 has overlapping or distinct cell cycle roles vs. p110 not resolved
  5. 2008 High

    The transcriptional cooperation mechanism was defined: p110 physically interacts with E2F1/E2F2 and promotes their recruitment to target promoters containing low-affinity E2F sites, explaining how CUX1 activates DNA replication and cell cycle genes.

    Evidence Tandem affinity purification, co-immunoprecipitation, ChIP, linker-scanning mutagenesis, genome-wide location analysis

    PMID:18347061

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether CUX1 modifies E2F chromatin environment (e.g., histone modifications) is not addressed
    • Selectivity for E2F1/E2F2 over other E2F family members not mechanistically explained
  6. 2009 Medium

    CUX1 was linked to repression of p27Kip1 through direct promoter binding with co-repressor Grg4 and HDAC1/3, and separately shown to confer anti-apoptotic activity via BCL2 upregulation downstream of PI3K/Akt and to regulate Wnt pathway genes.

    Evidence ChIP in kidney tissue, DNase I footprinting of p27 promoter, CoIP for Grg4/HDACs; Akt pathway modulation and xenograft models for apoptosis; ChIP and shRNA for Wnt targets

    PMID:19332113 PMID:19738070 PMID:20442202

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether CUX1 directly recruits HDACs or requires Grg4 as obligate bridge is unclear
    • Independence of Wnt-regulatory and cell cycle roles not separated genetically
  7. 2010 High

    CUX1 was established as a regulator of neuronal morphogenesis: increasing CUX1 reduces dendritic complexity through p27 suppression and RhoA, while CUX1/CUX2 together control spine development and synapse formation in layer II–III cortical neurons.

    Evidence Knockout and knockdown mice, electrophysiology, morphological quantification, gain/loss-of-function in neuronal cultures

    PMID:20485671 PMID:20510857

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether the BER function of CUX1 contributes to neuronal survival or morphogenesis is untested
    • Cell-type specificity of CUX1 vs. CUX2 functions in cortex not fully resolved
  8. 2014 High

    A transcription-independent role for CUX1 in DNA repair was uncovered: CUT repeat domains directly stimulate OGG1 glycosylase/AP-lyase activity in reconstituted base excision repair, and CUX1 haploinsufficiency impairs oxidative damage repair; CUX1 prevents RAS-induced senescence and is synthetic lethal with oncogenic RAS.

    Evidence In vitro BER with purified proteins, comet assay, Cux1+/− and Cux1−/− MEFs, RNAi synthetic lethality, transgenic mice

    PMID:24618719 PMID:25682875

    Open questions at the time
    • Structural basis for CUT domain stimulation of OGG1 not determined
    • Whether CUX1 coordinates OGG1 and APE1 simultaneously or sequentially in vivo is unknown
  9. 2018 High

    The BER accessory role was extended to APE1 stimulation: CUT domains directly enhance APE1 endonuclease activity, and CUX1 knockdown increases genomic abasic sites, while CUX1 overexpression confers temozolomide resistance in glioblastoma.

    Evidence In vitro DNA repair assays with purified CUT domains, abasic site quantification, clonogenic survival in glioblastoma cells

    PMID:29036362

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether CUX1 stimulates other BER enzymes (e.g., DNA polymerase β, ligase III) is untested
    • In vivo relevance of CUX1-mediated temozolomide resistance beyond cell lines not established
  10. 2021 High

    CUX1 haploinsufficiency in AML was mechanistically linked to de-repression of CFLAR (FLIP), establishing a direct tumor-suppressive circuit: CUX1 normally represses the CFLAR promoter, and its loss enables apoptosis evasion; a genome-wide CRISPR screen identified CFLAR as a selective vulnerability exploitable by IAP antagonists.

    Evidence Genome-wide CRISPR/Cas9 screen, ChIP, promoter reporter assays, murine and human AML models

    PMID:33931647

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether CFLAR de-repression is the primary driver of CUX1-haploinsufficient AML or one of several effectors is unresolved
    • The co-repressor complex mediating CFLAR repression by CUX1 is not defined
  11. 2022 Medium

    CUX1 was connected to vascular aging by binding an atherosclerosis-associated SNP at the CDKN2A/B locus, regulating p16INK4a expression, and triggering senescence in endothelial cells upon oxidative or DNA damage stress.

    Evidence Post-GWAS SNP functional analysis, ChIP, CUX1 knockdown/overexpression, senescence assays in endothelial cells

    PMID:37117763

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether CUX1 binding at rs1537371 is allele-specific in vivo is not fully resolved
    • Contribution of the BER function of CUX1 to the senescence phenotype at this locus is untested

Open questions

Synthesis pass · forward-looking unresolved questions
  • Key unresolved questions include the structural basis of CUT domain stimulation of BER enzymes, how isoform-specific functions are coordinated in vivo, and whether CUX1's transcriptional and DNA repair roles are integrated at sites of chromatin damage.
  • No crystal or cryo-EM structure of CUT domain bound to OGG1 or APE1
  • In vivo isoform-specific contributions during tissue homeostasis not separated by conditional genetics
  • Whether CUX1 transcriptional targets and BER function converge at replication-associated damage sites is unknown

Mechanism profile

Synthesis pass · controlled-vocabulary classification · explore literature graph →
Molecular activity
GO:0140110 transcription regulator activity 7 GO:0003677 DNA binding 5 GO:0098772 molecular function regulator activity 3 GO:0140097 catalytic activity, acting on DNA 3
Localization
GO:0005634 nucleus 5
Pathway
R-HSA-74160 Gene expression (Transcription) 6 R-HSA-73894 DNA Repair 5 R-HSA-1266738 Developmental Biology 3 R-HSA-162582 Signal Transduction 3 R-HSA-1640170 Cell Cycle 3 R-HSA-5357801 Programmed Cell Death 2
Partners
APE1E2F1E2F2GLIS1OGG1RELASATB1TLE4

Evidence

Reading pass · 28 per-paper findings extracted from the source corpus
Year Finding Method Journal Conf PMIDs
2004 A nuclear isoform of cathepsin L, devoid of a signal peptide (translated from downstream AUG sites), localizes to the nucleus during the G1-S transition and proteolytically processes the CDP/CUX transcription factor to generate the p110 isoform, thereby regulating cell cycle progression. Immunofluorescence imaging, activity-based probe labeling, ectopic expression of cathepsin L, Cat L-/- cell analysis, in situ processing assays Molecular cell High 15099520
2006 A 90 kDa CUX1 isoform (p90) is generated by cathepsin L proteolytic processing; its steady-state level correlates with cathepsin L activity, and it shares similar DNA-binding and transcriptional activities with p110. Deletion mapping, Western blot, co-expression with cathepsin L mutants Biological chemistry Medium 16972798
2002 A shorter CUX1 isoform, p75, is generated by transcription initiation within intron 20 and contains only Cut repeat 3 and the Cut homeodomain; it can repress the p21 promoter and activate a DNA polymerase alpha reporter, and its aberrant expression in mammary epithelial cells is associated with altered differentiation. Reporter assays, stable cell expression, RT-PCR, cell morphology/collagen assays Cancer research Medium 12438259
2006 The p110 CDP/CUX isoform accelerates entry into S phase by shortening G1 by 2-4 hours; it upregulates cyclin E2 and A2, and its loss in Cutl1z/z MEFs prolongs G1 and reduces proliferation. Stable cell populations with p110, synchronization experiments (growth factor deprivation, thymidine block, centrifugal elutriation), MEF genetic inactivation, focus formation and tumor growth assays Molecular and cellular biology High 16508018
2008 p110 CUX1 cooperates with E2F1 and E2F2 in transcriptional activation of cell cycle genes including DNA polymerase alpha; p110 engages in protein-protein interactions with E2F1/E2F2, promotes their recruitment to target promoters, and a low-affinity E2F binding site is required for this activation. Tandem affinity purification, co-immunoprecipitation, chromatin immunoprecipitation, linker-scanning analysis, reporter assays, genome-wide location analysis Molecular and cellular biology High 18347061
1999 CUX1/CDP is a component of NF-μNR and represses the immunoglobulin heavy chain intronic enhancer (Eμ) by binding to MAR sequences and antagonizing the Bright transcription activator at both the DNA-binding and functional levels. Expression library screening, EMSA, co-immunoprecipitation, antiserum recognition, cotransfection/reporter assays Molecular and cellular biology High 9858552
1999 CUX1/CDP interacts with SATB1 through its Cut repeats (CR1, CR2, and homeodomain); this interaction prevents each protein from binding DNA and CUX1 overexpression in T cells neutralizes SATB1-mediated repression of the MMTV promoter. GST pull-down, co-immunoprecipitation with specific antisera, Far-Western blot, gel retardation assay, reporter assay Molecular and cellular biology High 10373541
2014 CUX1 functions as an ancillary factor in base excision repair by directly stimulating the enzymatic activity of 8-oxoG-DNA glycosylase OGG1; Cux1+/- MEFs are haploinsufficient for repair of oxidative DNA damage, whereas elevated CUX1 accelerates repair. CUX1 prevents RAS-induced senescence and is synthetic lethal with oncogenic RAS. In vitro BER assay with purified proteins, single-cell gel electrophoresis (comet assay), MEF haploinsufficiency analysis, RNAi synthetic lethality, transgenic mouse models PLoS biology High 24618719
2015 A single CUT repeat domain of CUX1 is sufficient to stimulate DNA binding, Schiff-base formation, glycosylase, and AP-lyase activities of OGG1; Cux1-/- MEFs cannot proliferate in 20% O2 but proliferate normally in 3% O2, rescued by ectopic CUX1 or a recombinant Cut repeat protein devoid of transcriptional activity. In vitro enzymatic assays with purified proteins, genetic rescue with structure-function constructs, MEF proliferation assays under different oxygen levels Oncotarget High 25682875
2018 CUX1 CUT domains stimulate APE1 (apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1) enzymatic activity; CUX1 knockdown increases abasic sites and decreases APE1 activity in cell extracts, while CUX1 overexpression or a two-CUT-domain protein increases APE1 activity and resistance of glioblastoma cells to temozolomide. In vitro DNA repair assay with purified proteins, abasic site quantification in genomic DNA, cell extract APE1 activity assay, clonogenic survival with CUX1 KD/OE Neuro-oncology High 29036362
2017 CUX1 is rapidly recruited to sites of DNA damage; a recombinant protein containing only two CUT domains is sufficient for this recruitment, accelerates DNA repair, and increases clonogenic survival following ionizing radiation. Clonogenic survival assay, CUX1 KD/OE, recombinant CUT domain protein rescue, DNA damage focus analysis Oncotarget Medium 28147323
2012 CUX1 regulates the constitutive expression of ATM and ATR and genes involved in damage-induced signaling through them; CUX1 knockdown or genetic inactivation reduces ATM autophosphorylation, phospho-Chk2, p53 levels, γ-H2AX/Rad51 foci, and compromises DNA strand break repair and cell cycle checkpoints. RNAi knockdown, genetic inactivation, immunofluorescence for DNA damage foci, phosphoprotein analysis, genome-wide expression profiling Nucleic acids research Medium 22319212
2010 CUX1 and CUX2 are intrinsic and complementary regulators of dendrite branching, spine development, and synapse formation in layer II-III cortical neurons; Cux genes control dendritic spine number and maturation partly through direct regulation of Xlr3b and Xlr4b expression, and Cux2-/- mice show reduced synaptic function and working memory defects. Knockout and knockdown mice, morphological, molecular, and electrophysiological analysis Neuron High 20510857
2010 Increasing Cux1 (but not Cux2) expression reduces dendritic complexity of cortical pyramidal neurons, while reducing Cux1 promotes dendritic arborization; this effect requires the DNA-binding domains and acts primarily through suppression of p27Kip1, with RhoA as a downstream mediator. In vitro neuronal cultures with gain/loss of function, immunofluorescence for dendritic morphology, signaling pathway analysis PloS one Medium 20485671
2009 Cux1 directly interacts with the co-repressor Grg4 (Groucho 4) to enhance repression of p27Kip1; both Cux1 and Grg4 (along with HDAC1 and HDAC3) are recruited to the p27Kip1 promoter in vivo, and Cux1 binds directly to the p27Kip1 promoter at two sites identified by DNase I footprinting. Co-immunoprecipitation, promoter luciferase assay, ChIP in kidney tissue, DNase I footprinting Gene High 19332113
2020 CUX1 mediates the synergistic inflammatory response to TNF and IL-17A in synovial fibroblasts by binding a unique CUX1-NF-κB motif in the promoters of CXCL1, CXCL2, and CXCL3 and cooperating with NF-κB p65 to drive their transcription, independent of LIFR, STAT3, STAT4, and ELF3. Gene silencing transcriptomics, siRNA knockdown, promoter motif analysis, functional reporter assays Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America Medium 32079724
2009 CUX1 expression is induced by PI3K/Akt signaling and decreased by PI3K inhibitors; CUX1 exerts anti-apoptotic activity by upregulating BCL2 and downregulating TNFα, conferring resistance to TRAIL- and drug-induced apoptosis in pancreatic cancer cells. CUX1 overexpression and knockdown, Akt pathway activation/inhibition, caspase activity assays, PARP cleavage, xenograft model with siRNA nanoparticles Gut Medium 20442202
2009 CUX1 regulates several Wnt genes and is involved in establishing a Wnt/β-catenin autocrine loop in mammary tumors; CUX1 transcriptionally regulates Wnt genes as demonstrated by ChIP, shRNA-mediated knockdown, and reporter assays. Chromatin immunoprecipitation, shRNA knockdown, reporter assays, transgenic mouse mammary tumor analysis Cancer research Medium 19738070
2014 CUX1 and GLIS1 cooperate to stimulate TCF/β-catenin transcriptional activity and enhance cell migration and invasion; elevated WNT gene expression is associated with high CUX1 and GLIS1 and with EMT gene signatures. Co-expression experiments, TCF/β-catenin reporter assays, cell migration and invasion assays, expression profiling Biology open Medium 25217618
2011 CUX1 acts as a negative regulator of TGF-β signaling-induced type I collagen transcription; CUX1 suppresses type I collagen through interference with gene transcription, and abnormal CUX1 expression is restored by TGF-β via the p38 MAPK pathway in fibroblasts. CUX1 overexpression/silencing in fibroblasts, in vivo fibrosis model, reporter/transcriptional interference assays, p38 inhibitor experiments Molecular biology of the cell Medium 21471005
2021 CUX1 deficiency directly alleviates CUX1 repression of the CFLAR (FLIP) promoter, driving CFLAR expression and apoptosis evasion in AML; CFLAR is a selective vulnerability in CUX1-haploinsufficient AML identified by genome-wide CRISPR/Cas9 screening, and IAP antagonists exploit this vulnerability. Genome-wide CRISPR/Cas9 screen, promoter reporter assays, ChIP, murine and human AML models Nature communications High 33931647
2019 p110 CUX1 (a transcription factor generated by proteolytic processing) promotes glycolytic gene expression (enolase 1, glucose-6-phosphate isomerase, phosphoglycerate kinase 1) in neuroblastoma; circ-CUX1 binds EWSR1 to facilitate EWSR1-MAZ interaction, resulting in transactivation of MAZ and CUX1 itself. Mechanistic RNA-protein binding assays, co-immunoprecipitation, inhibitory peptide blockade, lentiviral knockdown, metabolic assays EMBO molecular medicine Medium 31709724
2021 A novel 113-aa protein (p113) encoded by the CUX1 circular RNA interacts with ZRF1 and BRD4 to form a transcriptional regulatory complex that upregulates ALDH3A1, NDUFA1, and NDUFAF5, driving lipid metabolic reprogramming and mitochondrial activity in neuroblastoma. Co-immunoprecipitation, mass spectrometry, ChIP sequencing, RNA sequencing, dual-luciferase reporter, inhibitory peptide blockade Molecular cancer Medium 34579723
2022 CUX1 binds to an atherosclerosis-associated SNP (rs1537371) in the CDKN2A/B locus and regulates p14ARF, p15INK4b, p16INK4a, and ANRIL expression in endothelial cells; induction of CUX1 by DNA damage or oxidative stress triggers p16INK4a-dependent senescence. Post-GWAS functional SNP analysis, ChIP, CUX1 knockdown/overexpression, senescence assays Nature aging Medium 37117763
2004 Cux-1 regulates the onset of joint formation by facilitating conversion of chondrocytes into nonchondrogenic interzone cells; retroviral Cux1 expression in micromass chondrocyte cultures causes loss of cartilage matrix and downregulation of cartilage-specific gene expression. Retroviral expression in micromass cultures, Alcian blue staining, gene expression analysis Developmental biology Medium 11846476
2004 Cux-1 interacts with the Groucho homolog TLE-4 (a corepressor of Notch signaling) and is upregulated by constitutively active Notch 1 in renal epithelial cells, associated with reduction of p27, suggesting Cux-1 functions in the Notch signaling pathway. Coexpression analysis, activated Notch 1 cell line, co-immunoprecipitation (inferred), immunohistochemistry, RT-PCR Developmental dynamics Low 15499562
2008 A deletion in the Cux1 cathepsin L processing site leads to accumulation of unprocessed Cux1, downregulation of p21/p27, and accelerated PKD progression in cpk mice; nuclear cathepsin L is reduced in human ADPKD cells and Pkd1 null kidneys, corresponding to increased Cux1 protein levels. Mouse genetic model (Cux1 mutant × cpk), Western blot, immunohistochemistry for proliferation/apoptosis/p21/p27, nuclear cathepsin L analysis in ADPKD cells American journal of physiology. Renal physiology Medium 18829740
2020 Nuclear cathepsin L proteolytically processes CDP/CUX to generate the p110 isoform, which stably binds to the VEGF-D promoter and promotes VEGF-D transcription, thereby driving angiogenesis in gastric cancer. Co-immunoprecipitation, dual-luciferase reporter assay, Western blot, tube formation, HUVEC migration, and CAM assays Gastric cancer Medium 32388635

Source papers

Stage 0 corpus · 100 papers · ranked by NIH iCite citations
Year Title Journal Citations PMID
2019 CUT&Tag for efficient epigenomic profiling of small samples and single cells. Nature communications 1614 31036827
2008 MMEJ repair of double-strand breaks (director's cut): deleted sequences and alternative endings. Trends in genetics : TIG 734 18809224
2005 Regulating cell migration: calpains make the cut. Journal of cell science 394 16129881
2019 Improved CUT&RUN chromatin profiling tools. eLife 374 31232687
2021 Single-cell CUT&Tag profiles histone modifications and transcription factors in complex tissues. Nature biotechnology 346 33846645
2020 Efficient low-cost chromatin profiling with CUT&Tag. Nature protocols 313 32913232
2004 A cathepsin L isoform that is devoid of a signal peptide localizes to the nucleus in S phase and processes the CDP/Cux transcription factor. Molecular cell 299 15099520
2022 Spatial-CUT&Tag: Spatially resolved chromatin modification profiling at the cellular level. Science (New York, N.Y.) 256 35143307
2010 Cux1 and Cux2 regulate dendritic branching, spine morphology, and synapses of the upper layer neurons of the cortex. Neuron 244 20510857
2012 Phosphatidylcholine and the CDP-choline cycle. Biochimica et biophysica acta 212 23010477
2001 Role of the multifunctional CDP/Cut/Cux homeodomain transcription factor in regulating differentiation, cell growth and development. Gene 200 11403998
2022 Genome-wide mapping of G-quadruplex structures with CUT&Tag. Nucleic acids research 145 34792172
1995 Metabolism and actions of CDP-choline as an endogenous compound and administered exogenously as citicoline. Life sciences 144 7869846
2021 Single-cell CUT&Tag analysis of chromatin modifications in differentiation and tumor progression. Nature biotechnology 142 33846646
2019 Therapeutic targeting of circ-CUX1/EWSR1/MAZ axis inhibits glycolysis and neuroblastoma progression. EMBO molecular medicine 133 31709724
2023 Genome editing of a rice CDP-DAG synthase confers multipathogen resistance. Nature 132 37316672
1998 Fission yeast cut mutations revisited: control of anaphase. Trends in cell biology 132 9695827
2012 CUX1 is a haploinsufficient tumor suppressor gene on chromosome 7 frequently inactivated in acute myeloid leukemia. Blood 128 23212519
2008 The multiple roles of CUX1: insights from mouse models and cell-based assays. Gene 127 18313863
1995 CDP-choline: pharmacological and clinical review. Methods and findings in experimental and clinical pharmacology 121 8709678
2005 Microtubules cut and run. Trends in cell biology 118 16126385
2019 CUT&RUNTools: a flexible pipeline for CUT&RUN processing and footprint analysis. Genome biology 103 31500663
1996 Switching from cut-and-paste to replicative Tn7 transposition. Science (New York, N.Y.) 102 8602527
2022 Multimodal chromatin profiling using nanobody-based single-cell CUT&Tag. Nature biotechnology 92 36536148
2014 CUX1, a haploinsufficient tumour suppressor gene overexpressed in advanced cancers. Nature reviews. Cancer 92 25190083
2010 CUX1: target of Akt signalling and mediator of resistance to apoptosis in pancreatic cancer. Gut 87 20442202
2007 The CDP-ethanolamine pathway and phosphatidylserine decarboxylation generate different phosphatidylethanolamine molecular species. The Journal of biological chemistry 87 17673461
2000 Overexpression of a mammalian ethanolamine-specific kinase accelerates the CDP-ethanolamine pathway. The Journal of biological chemistry 86 11044454
2009 Elimination of the CDP-ethanolamine pathway disrupts hepatic lipid homeostasis. The Journal of biological chemistry 85 19666474
2020 CDP-Diacylglycerol Synthases (CDS): Gateway to Phosphatidylinositol and Cardiolipin Synthesis. Frontiers in cell and developmental biology 84 32117988
1987 Purification and characterization of CDP-diacylglycerol synthase from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The Journal of biological chemistry 75 2822695
2020 CUX1 and IκBζ (NFKBIZ) mediate the synergistic inflammatory response to TNF and IL-17A in stromal fibroblasts. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 73 32079724
2017 Thymic Stromal Lymphopoietin: To Cut a Long Story Short. Cellular and molecular gastroenterology and hepatology 68 28275684
1999 Cux/CDP homeoprotein is a component of NF-muNR and represses the immunoglobulin heavy chain intronic enhancer by antagonizing the bright transcription activator. Molecular and cellular biology 68 9858552
2016 The Abscission Checkpoint: Making It to the Final Cut. Trends in cell biology 67 27810282
2012 CUX1 transcription factors: from biochemical activities and cell-based assays to mouse models and human diseases. Gene 65 22306263
1997 CDP-choline:1,2-diacylglycerol cholinephosphotransferase. Biochimica et biophysica acta 63 9370321
1997 Gene cloning and characterization of CDP-diacylglycerol synthase from rat brain. The Journal of biological chemistry 61 9083091
2002 Characterization of a tissue-specific CDP/Cux isoform, p75, activated in breast tumor cells. Cancer research 60 12438259
2021 p113 isoform encoded by CUX1 circular RNA drives tumor progression via facilitating ZRF1/BRD4 transactivation. Molecular cancer 58 34579723
2014 RAS transformation requires CUX1-dependent repair of oxidative DNA damage. PLoS biology 57 24618719
2006 The p110 isoform of the CDP/Cux transcription factor accelerates entry into S phase. Molecular and cellular biology 57 16508018
2011 CDP-choline treatment induces brain plasticity markers expression in experimental animal stroke. Neurochemistry international 52 22226841
2010 The transcription factor Cux1 regulates dendritic morphology of cortical pyramidal neurons. PloS one 52 20485671
2019 Making the cut(s): how Cas12a cleaves target and non-target DNA. Biochemical Society transactions 51 31671185
2014 Cux1 and Cux2 selectively target basal and apical dendritic compartments of layer II-III cortical neurons. Developmental neurobiology 50 25059644
2020 Efficient chromatin profiling of H3K4me3 modification in cotton using CUT&Tag. Plant methods 47 32884577
2008 Cux-1 and Cux-2 control the development of Reelin expressing cortical interneurons. Developmental neurobiology 45 18327765
2004 Transcription and DNA adducts: what happens when the message gets cut off? DNA repair 45 15474416
2012 CUX1 transcription factor is required for optimal ATM/ATR-mediated responses to DNA damage. Nucleic acids research 44 22319212
2006 Expression of Cux-1 and Cux-2 in the developing somatosensory cortex of normal and barrel-defective mice. The anatomical record. Part A, Discoveries in molecular, cellular, and evolutionary biology 44 16419078
1999 Homeoproteins CDP and SATB1 interact: potential for tissue-specific regulation. Molecular and cellular biology 44 10373541
2009 Mouse mammary tumor virus p75 and p110 CUX1 transgenic mice develop mammary tumors of various histologic types. Cancer research 42 19738070
2014 Cysteine deleted protegrin-1 (CDP-1): anti-bacterial activity, outer-membrane disruption and selectivity. Biochimica et biophysica acta 41 24997421
2014 Autocrine Activation of the Wnt/β-Catenin Pathway by CUX1 and GLIS1 in Breast Cancers. Biology open 40 25217618
2005 Isolation and characterization of murine Cds (CDP-diacylglycerol synthase) 1 and 2. Gene 40 16023307
1997 Isolation and expression of an isoform of human CDP-diacylglycerol synthase cDNA. DNA and cell biology 40 9115637
2010 Glutamate receptor GRIA3--target of CUX1 and mediator of tumor progression in pancreatic cancer. Neoplasia (New York, N.Y.) 39 20689760
2008 p110 CUX1 cooperates with E2F transcription factors in the transcriptional activation of cell cycle-regulated genes. Molecular and cellular biology 37 18347061
2019 Distinct clinical and biological implications of CUX1 in myeloid neoplasms. Blood advances 36 31320321
2006 A novel proteolytically processed CDP/Cux isoform of 90 kDa is generated by cathepsin L. Biological chemistry 36 16972798
2021 AGPAT2 interaction with CDP-diacylglycerol synthases promotes the flux of fatty acids through the CDP-diacylglycerol pathway. Nature communications 35 34824276
2002 Studies on the role of Cux1 in regulation of the onset of joint formation in the developing limb. Developmental biology 35 11846476
2020 Chiral Cux Coy S Nanoparticles under Magnetic Field and NIR Light to Eliminate Senescent Cells. Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English) 34 32400008
2014 New Clox Systems for rapid and efficient gene disruption in Candida albicans. PloS one 34 24940603
2002 Expression of N-terminally truncated isoforms of CDP/CUX is increased in human uterine leiomyomas. International journal of cancer 33 12115525
2020 Cathepsin L promotes angiogenesis by regulating the CDP/Cux/VEGF-D pathway in human gastric cancer. Gastric cancer : official journal of the International Gastric Cancer Association and the Japanese Gastric Cancer Association 32 32388635
2019 CDP-DAG synthase 1 and 2 regulate lipid droplet growth through distinct mechanisms. The Journal of biological chemistry 32 31548309
2004 A CDP-choline pathway for phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis in Treponema denticola. Molecular microbiology 32 14756787
2011 High doses of TGF-β potently suppress type I collagen via the transcription factor CUX1. Molecular biology of the cell 31 21471005
1997 CDP-ethanolamine:1,2-diacylglycerol ethanolaminephosphotransferase. Biochimica et biophysica acta 31 9370323
2021 Making the cut with protease engineering. Cell chemical biology 30 34921772
2004 Coexpression of Cux-1 and Notch signaling pathway components during kidney development. Developmental dynamics : an official publication of the American Association of Anatomists 30 15499562
2020 CUX1, A Controversial Player in Tumor Development. Frontiers in oncology 29 32547943
2008 Acceleration of polycystic kidney disease progression in cpk mice carrying a deletion in the homeodomain protein Cux1. American journal of physiology. Renal physiology 29 18829740
1997 Antisense oligonucleotides to Cux-1, a Cut-related homeobox gene, cause increased apoptosis in mouse embryonic kidney cultures. The Journal of clinical investigation 29 9045875
2009 The homeodomain protein Cux1 interacts with Grg4 to repress p27 kip1 expression during kidney development. Gene 28 19332113
2023 Phosphatidylethanolamine homeostasis under conditions of impaired CDP-ethanolamine pathway or phosphatidylserine decarboxylation. Frontiers in nutrition 27 36687696
2021 Cut-like homeobox 1 (CUX1) tumor suppressor gene haploinsufficiency induces apoptosis evasion to sustain myeloid leukemia. Nature communications 27 33931647
2018 The crux of Cux genes in neuronal function and plasticity. Brain research 26 29518378
2018 CUX1-ALK, a Novel ALK Rearrangement That Responds to Crizotinib in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Journal of thoracic oncology : official publication of the International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer 26 30010043
2018 Tailored Polyproteins Using Sequential Staple and Cut. Bioconjugate chemistry 25 29671584
2017 The DNA repair function of CUX1 contributes to radioresistance. Oncotarget 25 28147323
2016 Drosha and Dicer: Slicers cut from the same cloth. Cell research 25 27125999
2015 The function of CUX1 in oxidative DNA damage repair is needed to prevent premature senescence of mouse embryo fibroblasts. Oncotarget 25 25682875
2023 Gene editing for dyslipidemias: New tools to "cut" lipids. Atherosclerosis 24 36725417
2023 Cut&tag: a powerful epigenetic tool for chromatin profiling. Epigenetics 24 38105608
2021 Rapid and Low-Input Profiling of Histone Marks in Plants Using Nucleus CUT&Tag. Frontiers in plant science 24 33912205
2018 CUX1 stimulates APE1 enzymatic activity and increases the resistance of glioblastoma cells to the mono-alkylating agent temozolomide. Neuro-oncology 24 29036362
2003 Cux-1 transgenic mice develop glomerulosclerosis and interstitial fibrosis. Kidney international 24 12631340
2013 Long-range transcriptional regulation by the p110 CUX1 homeodomain protein on the ENCODE array. BMC genomics 23 23590133
2022 Post-GWAS functional analysis identifies CUX1 as a regulator of p16INK4a and cellular senescence. Nature aging 21 37117763
2021 Identification of chromatin states during zebrafish gastrulation using CUT&RUN and CUT&Tag. Developmental dynamics : an official publication of the American Association of Anatomists 21 34647658
2009 Moyamoya: to cut or not to cut is not the only question. A paediatric neurologist's perspective. Developmental medicine and child neurology 21 19895633
2005 Hepatomegaly in transgenic mice expressing the homeobox gene Cux-1. Molecular carcinogenesis 21 15812824
2023 Epigenomic analysis of formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded samples by CUT&Tag. Nature communications 20 37739938
2020 THBS2, a microRNA-744-5p target, modulates MMP9 expression through CUX1 in pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors. Oncology letters 19 32194660
2012 Skirting the pitfalls: a clear-cut nomenclature for H3K4 methyltransferases. Clinical genetics 19 23130995
2022 Chemical inhibition of polyphenol oxidase and cut surface browning of fresh-cut apples. Critical reviews in food science and nutrition 18 35416745
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