Affinage

CFL1

Cofilin-1 · UniProt P23528

Round 2 corrected
Length
166 aa
Mass
18.5 kDa
Annotated
2026-04-28
73 papers in source corpus 21 papers cited in narrative 21 extracted findings

Mechanistic narrative

Synthesis pass · prose summary of the discoveries below

Cofilin-1 (CFL1) is an essential actin-severing and depolymerizing protein whose regulated cycling between active (dephosphorylated) and inactive (Ser3-phosphorylated) states drives actin cytoskeletal remodeling in virtually all non-muscle cell types. LIM-kinase 1 phosphorylates CFL1-Ser3 downstream of Rac and Rho/ROCK signaling to inactivate it, while the Slingshot phosphatase SSH1 dephosphorylates and reactivates it, and this toggle controls lamellipodium dynamics, cell migration, neural tube closure, connective-tissue mast cell development, cardiac myofilament maturation, and hippocampal synaptic function (PMID:9655398, PMID:10436159, PMID:11832213, PMID:31495694, PMID:41684538, PMID:40931167). Beyond cytoskeletal regulation, CFL1 is transcriptionally induced by c-Myc at E-box elements in its promoter and is required for oncogene-induced senescence and the associated secretory phenotype, and it promotes PHGDH-dependent serine metabolism to confer sorafenib resistance in hepatocellular carcinoma (PMID:41888102, PMID:37203277). Genetic variants in CFL1 are associated with increased risk of spina bifida and alcohol use disorder, consistent with its indispensable roles in neural tube closure and hippocampal reward circuitry (PMID:17352815, PMID:40931167).

Mechanistic history

Synthesis pass · year-by-year structured walk · 11 steps
  1. 1996 High

    Cloning and chromosomal mapping of human CFL1 to 11q13 established its identity as a non-muscle actin-binding protein distinct from muscle-type CFL2, providing the molecular entry point for functional studies.

    Evidence cDNA cloning from promyelocytic library, somatic cell hybrid PCR, and FISH mapping

    PMID:8800436

    Open questions at the time
    • No functional assay performed at this stage
    • Regulation of CFL1 activity was unknown
  2. 1998 High

    Identification of LIM-kinase 1 as the direct Ser3 kinase for CFL1 resolved how Rac signaling controls actin depolymerization, establishing the foundational LIMK1→p-CFL1 inactivation mechanism.

    Evidence In vitro kinase assay with site-directed Ser3 mutagenesis, actin depolymerization assay, dominant-negative LIMK1 in cultured cells

    PMID:9655398

    Open questions at the time
    • Upstream activation of LIMK1 by Rho-family effectors not yet mapped
    • No phosphatase for CFL1 reactivation had been identified
  3. 1999 High

    Placing ROCK upstream of LIMK in a Rho→ROCK→LIMK→CFL1 cascade explained how Rho-induced stress fiber formation and neurite retraction converge on cofilin inactivation.

    Evidence Pharmacological ROCK inhibition (Y-27632), epistasis with dominant-negative constructs in HeLa and neuroblastoma cells

    PMID:10436159

    Open questions at the time
    • Mechanism of CFL1 reactivation still unknown
    • Whether additional kinases target CFL1-Ser3 remained open
  4. 2002 High

    Discovery of the Slingshot (SSH) phosphatase family as the CFL1-Ser3 phosphatase completed the phospho-cycling circuit, showing that F-actin-bound SSH dephosphorylates p-CFL1 to restore severing activity.

    Evidence Cell-free phosphatase assay, Drosophila loss-of-function genetics showing elevated F-actin and p-cofilin, mammalian overexpression rescuing LIMK1-induced phenotypes

    PMID:11832213

    Open questions at the time
    • Spatial and temporal regulation of SSH1 in specific tissues was uncharacterized
    • Whether SSH has CFL1-independent substrates was unknown
  5. 2007 Medium

    Association of CFL1 SNPs with spina bifida, combined with the neural tube closure failure in Cfl1-knockout mice, established CFL1 as a developmental disease gene and demonstrated its in vivo essentiality.

    Evidence Population-based case-control SNP association study referencing prior Cfl1 KO lethality at E10.5

    PMID:17352815

    Open questions at the time
    • Specific CFL1 variants were not functionally validated
    • Contribution of CFL1 versus other actin regulators to neural tube closure was not dissected
  6. 2019 High

    Identification of a VCL→SSH1→CFL axis in contracting zebrafish cardiomyocytes revealed that mechanical force-dependent cofilin activation drives myofilament maturation, extending CFL1 function beyond migration into cardiac development.

    Evidence Zebrafish VCL knockout, interactome mass spectrometry, co-immunoprecipitation, live imaging of myofilament assembly

    PMID:31495694

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether this axis operates identically in mammalian cardiomyocytes was not tested
    • Structural basis of VCL-SSH1 recruitment was not resolved
  7. 2020 High

    Demonstration that SSH1 dephosphorylates SQSTM1/p62 independently of CFL1 clarified that CFL1 is not the sole physiological substrate of its activating phosphatase, defining the boundary of CFL1 involvement in autophagy.

    Evidence RNAi knockdown, phospho-mutant constructs, fluorescent autophagy reporters in primary neurons and cell lines

    PMID:33044112

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether CFL1 itself has any direct role in autophagy remained unclear
    • Other potential SSH1 substrates besides CFL1 and SQSTM1 were not surveyed
  8. 2021 Medium

    Two independent studies placed CFL1 phosphorylation status as a convergence node for upstream oncogenic signaling: the Hhex→RHOGDIA→RHOA/CDC42 axis suppresses CFL1 phosphorylation to restrict lung cancer migration, while the AGAP2-AS1/miR-182-5p ceRNA axis upregulates CFL1 expression to promote colorectal cancer EMT.

    Evidence Co-IP, wound-healing assays, luciferase miRNA-target reporters, xenograft rescue experiments

    PMID:34321041 PMID:34838479

    Open questions at the time
    • Neither study demonstrated direct CFL1-actin severing in the cancer context biochemically
    • Whether CFL1 expression level versus phosphorylation status is the more critical variable in vivo was not resolved
  9. 2023 High

    Identification of HUNK→GEF-H1(pSer645)→RhoA→LIMK-1→p-CFL1 as a metastasis-suppressive cascade in CRC extended the kinase hierarchy upstream of CFL1, while CFL1-driven PHGDH transcription and serine metabolism explained sorafenib resistance in HCC, revealing a non-cytoskeletal transcriptional function for CFL1.

    Evidence In vitro HUNK kinase assay with Ser645 mutagenesis, epistasis in CRC cells; CFL1 siRNA nanoparticle delivery with PHGDH promoter assays and ROS measurement in HCC xenografts

    PMID:37193711 PMID:37203277

    Open questions at the time
    • How CFL1 activates PHGDH transcription mechanistically (as a cytoskeletal protein) was not explained
    • Whether CFL1 enters the nucleus to regulate transcription directly was not tested
  10. 2024 High

    Multiple 2024 studies broadened CFL1's physiological scope: conditional knockout showed CFL1 is absolutely required for connective-tissue mast cell development; c-Myc was identified as a direct transcriptional activator of CFL1 required for oncogene-induced senescence; and neuronal CFL1 was shown to mediate tumor-nerve crosstalk in HNSCC.

    Evidence Mcpt5-Cre conditional knock-in mouse with anaphylaxis models; ChIP-qPCR and Co-IP showing c-Myc–CFL1 promoter binding and physical interaction; conditional neuronal CFL1 KO in HNSCC model

    PMID:38353363 PMID:41684538 PMID:41888102

    Open questions at the time
    • How CFL1 loss specifically prevents CTMC but not basophil development was not mechanistically resolved
    • Whether c-Myc–CFL1 physical interaction has a function beyond transcriptional regulation is unknown
    • Neuronal CFL1 contribution to perineural invasion needs replication
  11. 2025 High

    Gain- and loss-of-function manipulation of Cfl1 in hippocampal dentate gyrus demonstrated that CFL1 regulates synaptic transmission and reward-seeking behavior, and human CFL1 SNPs were associated with alcohol use disorder risk, establishing CFL1 as a neuromodulatory factor in addiction circuitry.

    Evidence Viral vector Cfl overexpression/knockdown in DG, electrophysiology at ML-DG synapses, IntelliCage behavioral paradigm, human SNP association and mRNA correlation analysis

    PMID:40931167

    Open questions at the time
    • Specific CFL1-dependent actin substrates at hippocampal synapses were not identified
    • Whether CFL1 phosphorylation or total expression drives the AUD-related phenotype is unresolved

Open questions

Synthesis pass · forward-looking unresolved questions
  • Key unresolved questions include how CFL1 activates transcription of genes such as PHGDH (whether through nuclear translocation or indirect signaling), the structural basis of the CFL1-actin severing/depolymerization mechanism at atomic resolution in a mammalian context, and the cell-type-specific determinants that make certain lineages (CTMCs, neural tube, hippocampal neurons) uniquely dependent on CFL1 despite ubiquitous expression.
  • No high-resolution structure of human CFL1 bound to F-actin during severing
  • Nuclear function of CFL1 is mechanistically undefined
  • Redundancy with ADF/CFL2 across tissues is poorly mapped

Mechanism profile

Synthesis pass · controlled-vocabulary classification · explore literature graph →
Molecular activity
GO:0008092 cytoskeletal protein binding 7 GO:0098772 molecular function regulator activity 2
Localization
GO:0005856 cytoskeleton 8 GO:0005829 cytosol 2 GO:0005634 nucleus 1
Pathway
R-HSA-162582 Signal Transduction 5 R-HSA-112316 Neuronal System 2 R-HSA-1266738 Developmental Biology 2 R-HSA-168256 Immune System 1
Partners
ACTA1LIMK1MYCRHOAROCK1SSH1VCL

Evidence

Reading pass · 21 per-paper findings extracted from the source corpus
Year Finding Method Journal Conf PMIDs
1998 LIM-kinase 1 (LIMK1) directly phosphorylates cofilin (CFL1) at Serine 3, both in vitro and in vivo. This phosphorylation abolishes cofilin's actin-depolymerizing activity. LIMK1 expression induces actin stress fiber formation, while an inactive LIMK1 suppresses Rac-induced lamellipodium formation. Rac and insulin activate LIMK1, placing LIMK1-mediated cofilin phosphorylation downstream of Rac in actin cytoskeletal reorganization. In vitro kinase assay, site-directed mutagenesis (Ser3), overexpression and dominant-negative LIMK1 in cultured cells, actin depolymerization assay Nature High 9655398
1999 The Rho-associated kinase ROCK phosphorylates and activates LIM-kinase, which in turn phosphorylates cofilin (CFL1) to inactivate its actin-depolymerizing activity. This ROCK→LIMK→cofilin cascade mediates Rho-induced actin cytoskeletal reorganization (stress fiber formation) and neurite retraction. ROCK does not phosphorylate cofilin directly; the Y-27632 ROCK inhibitor blocks cofilin phosphorylation in cells. Pharmacological inhibition (Y-27632), overexpression of LIMK1 in HeLa cells, in vivo phosphorylation assays in neuroblastoma cells, epistasis with dominant-negative constructs Science High 10436159
2002 The Slingshot (SSH) family of phosphatases dephosphorylate phospho-cofilin (p-CFL1) to reactivate its actin-depolymerizing function. SSH binds F-actin and dephosphorylates P-cofilin both in cultured cells and in cell-free assays. Loss of SSH in Drosophila dramatically increases F-actin levels and phospho-cofilin, disrupting epidermal cell morphogenesis. Human SSH homologs (hSSH1) suppress LIMK1-induced actin reorganization by reactivating cofilin. Drosophila loss-of-function genetics, cell-free phosphatase assays, overexpression of hSSH in mammalian cells, F-actin binding assays Cell High 11832213
1996 Human non-muscle cofilin (CFL1) was cloned from a promyelocytic cDNA library and mapped to chromosome 11q13 by PCR in somatic cell hybrids and FISH. Muscle-type cofilin (CFL2) was mapped to chromosome 14. CFL1 encodes an actin-binding protein involved in translocation of the actin-cofilin complex from cytoplasm to nucleus. cDNA cloning, PCR mapping in rodent-human somatic cell hybrids, FISH with genomic cosmid clones, irradiation hybrid panel mapping Annals of human genetics High 8800436
2007 Genetic variants (SNPs) in the human CFL1 gene are associated with increased spina bifida risk, consistent with the essential role of CFL1 in actin depolymerization during neural tube closure. Cfl1 knockout mice fail to close the neural tube at E10.5 and die in utero, establishing CFL1 as essential for neural tube development. Population-based case-control SNP association study, reference to Cfl1 knockout mouse phenotype BMC medical genetics Medium 17352815
2017 miR-200b-3p and miR-429-5p directly target LIMK1, reducing LIMK1 expression and consequently decreasing phosphorylation (inactivation) of cofilin-1 (CFL1). Reduced LIMK1 activity allows CFL1 to remain active, altering F-actin/G-actin dynamics. This LIMK1/CFL1 pathway mediates the suppressive effects of these miRNAs on triple-negative breast cancer cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. Luciferase reporter assay for direct miRNA targeting of LIMK1, Western blotting for CFL1 and p-CFL1, migration/invasion assays, cell cycle analysis Oncotarget Medium 29156719
2019 In contracting zebrafish cardiomyocytes, mechanical forces regulate vinculin (VCL) localization and activation. VCL recruits the phosphatase SSH1 and its effector cofilin (CFL) to regulate F-actin rearrangement and promote myofilament maturation. The VCL-SSH1-CFL axis is essential: loss of VCL or disruption of this pathway impairs myofilament maturation in response to cardiac contractility. Zebrafish genetic knockouts, interactome analysis (contracting vs. non-contracting cardiomyocytes by MS), co-immunoprecipitation, live imaging Developmental cell High 31495694
2020 SSH1, the canonical cofilin (CFL1) phosphatase, also dephosphorylates phospho-Ser403-SQSTM1/p62, thereby impairing autophagic cargo clearance. This action of SSH1 on SQSTM1 is separable from SSH1-mediated CFL1 activation and independent of CFL1, revealing a bifurcated SSH1 function. SSH1-mediated inhibition of SQSTM1 impairs clearance of phospho-MAPT/tau. RNAi knockdown, overexpression, defined phospho-mutant constructs, fluorescent autophagy reporters, experiments in cell lines, primary neurons, and mouse brains Autophagy High 33044112
2021 Hhex (hematopoietically expressed homeobox) inhibits CFL1 phosphorylation, keeping CFL1 in its active F-actin-severing form, thereby suppressing cell migration and protrusion formation in lung cancer cells. Mechanistically, Hhex enhances the interaction of RHOGDIA with RHOA/CDC42, maintaining these GTPases in their inactive state and blocking the RHOA/CDC42→p-CFL1 signaling cascade. This prevents filopodium and lamellipodium formation. Western blot, co-immunoprecipitation, wound-healing scratch assay, laser confocal microscopy, overexpression/knockdown in NSCLC and HEK293FT cells Cell communication and signaling Medium 34321041
2021 E2F4-induced lncRNA AGAP2-AS1 acts as a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) to sponge miR-182-5p, thereby upregulating CFL1 expression. CFL1 restoration counteracts the suppression of CRC cell growth, migration, invasion, and EMT caused by AGAP2-AS1 depletion, placing CFL1 as a downstream effector of this AGAP2-AS1/miR-182-5p axis in colorectal cancer progression. RT-qPCR, Western blot, luciferase reporter assays, rescue experiments in vitro and in vivo (xenograft) Digestive and liver disease Medium 34838479
2022 Computational analysis of nonsynonymous SNPs in CFL1 identifies L84P and L99A as the most damaging variants. Molecular docking shows these variants reduce cofilin-1 binding affinity for actin, and molecular dynamics simulations confirm protein structure destabilization. The actin-binding regions of cofilin-1 are highly conserved and critical for function. In silico prediction tools (SIFT, PolyPhen-2, DynaMut/DUET), molecular docking, molecular dynamics simulation Gene Low 35092861
2022 Estradiol (E2) inhibits HIV-1 infection in PBMCs and endocervical tissue and simultaneously increases total CFL1 and phosphorylated CFL1 (p-CFL1) protein expression, raising the p-CFL1/CFL1 ratio. LIM kinase inhibitor (LIMKi3) abrogates both the anti-HIV effect and E2-induced CFL1/p-CFL1 upregulation, and CFL1 knockdown partially restores HIV infection, indicating that LIMK-mediated CFL1 phosphorylation is part of the mechanism by which E2 restricts HIV-1 entry/spread. HIV infection assay, siRNA knockdown of CFL1, pharmacological LIMK inhibition (LIMKi3), Western blotting for total and p-CFL1, dose-response experiments Scientific reports Medium 35418661
2023 CFL1 promotes transcription of phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase (PHGDH), enhancing serine synthesis and metabolism to increase antioxidant production, thereby scavenging ROS induced by sorafenib and reducing sorafenib sensitivity in hepatocellular carcinoma. siRNA-mediated CFL1 silencing re-sensitizes HCC cells to sorafenib. Transcriptome sequencing comparison of sorafenib-sensitive vs. insensitive patients, CFL1 siRNA knockdown via nanoparticles, PHGDH promoter assays, ROS measurement, in vivo tumor growth assays Advanced science Medium 37203277
2023 HUNK kinase directly phosphorylates GEF-H1 at Serine 645, which activates RhoA and triggers a phosphorylation cascade of LIMK-1 and CFL-1, thereby stabilizing F-actin and inhibiting EMT and metastasis in colorectal cancer cells. This places CFL-1 phosphorylation as a downstream effector of the HUNK→GEF-H1→RhoA→LIMK-1 cascade. In vitro kinase assay (HUNK phosphorylating GEF-H1), site-directed mutagenesis (S645), Western blotting for LIMK-1/p-CFL-1, migration/invasion assays, clinical tissue analysis Cell death & disease High 37193711
2024 CFL1 overexpression in pSS bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells rescues their impaired migration and proliferation. RNA-seq identifies CCR1 as a downstream target gene of CFL1, and inhibition of CCR1 with BX431 suppresses the CFL1-induced increase in migration/proliferation, establishing that CFL1 promotes BM-MSC motility via upregulation of the CCL5/CCR1 axis. Lentivirus-mediated CFL1 overexpression, RNA-seq, Transwell migration assay, wound healing assay, CCR1 inhibitor rescue experiment (BX431), NOD mouse therapeutic model International immunopharmacology Medium 38183912
2024 c-Myc directly transactivates the CFL1 promoter by binding to E-box elements (particularly middle and proximal E-boxes), inducing cofilin-1 expression. Cofilin-1 upregulation is required for c-Myc-induced oncogene-induced senescence (OIS): cofilin-1 knockdown suppresses cMIS. Physical interaction between c-Myc and cofilin-1 was detected, enhanced by H2O2. The conditioned medium from cMIS cells promotes migration and proliferation of other NSCLC cells, an effect abrogated by cofilin-1 silencing. ChIP-qPCR, luciferase reporter assay, siRNA knockdown, co-immunoprecipitation (c-Myc and cofilin-1), senescence assays, conditioned medium transfer experiments Cell death discovery High 41888102
2024 Conditional knockout of neuronal CFL1 (cofilin-1) impedes tumor-nerve interactions in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. HNSCC cells induce CFL1 expression in adjacent neurons, and it is neuronal (not tumoral) CFL1 that drives cancer-nerve crosstalk and perineural invasion, as demonstrated by multiplex fluorescent immunohistochemistry localizing CFL1 to nerves and by conditional KO experiments. Multiplex fluorescent immunohistochemistry, conditional neuronal CFL1 knockout, Gene Ontology/GSEA analysis Molecular carcinogenesis Medium 38353363
2024 miR-342-5p targets CFL1 (cofilin-1) mRNA in HDACi-resistant HCC cells; overexpression of miR-342-5p decreases cofilin-1 protein expression and increases ROS-mediated apoptosis, sensitizing cells to HDACi treatment. This identifies the miR-342-5p/CFL1 axis as a mediator of HDACi resistance. miRNA microarray, qRT-PCR, gain/loss-of-function studies, Western blot, apoptosis assays (Bax, caspase-3, Bcl-2), ROS measurement Cancer cell international Medium 39152428
2024 CFL1 (cofilin-1) is required for mast cell development: expression of a non-functional form of Cfl1 in connective tissue mast cells (CTMCs) using Mcpt5-Cre results in complete absence of CTMCs without affecting basophils. CTMCs lacking Cfl1 function show impaired systemic anaphylaxis but normal susceptibility to contact hypersensitivity and psoriasis-like dermatitis, demonstrating that cofilin-1-mediated actin dynamics are essential specifically for CTMC generation. Conditional knock-in mouse (Mcpt5-Cre-nf-Cfl1fl/fl), mast cell/basophil enumeration, anaphylaxis model, contact hypersensitivity model, imiquimod model, vaccinia virus infection Frontiers in immunology High 41684538
2025 Overexpression of cofilin (Cfl1) in the polymorphic layer of the hippocampal dentate gyrus increases motivation to seek alcohol and sucrose rewards, impairs extinction of alcohol seeking, and inhibits ML-DG synapses; reducing Cfl1 has opposite effects. Three SNPs in human CFL1 (rs369270402, rs2376005, rs36124259) are associated with increased AUD risk, and CFL1 mRNA blood levels correlate with alcohol-related hospital admissions. AUD-prone mice show differential hippocampal Cfl expression linked to actin cytoskeleton and synaptic function genes. RNA sequencing, local viral vector Cfl overexpression/knockdown in DG, IntelliCage behavioral model, electrophysiology (ML-DG synapse recording), human genetic association study Molecular psychiatry High 40931167
2024 Deficiency of ADF and Cofilin1 (Cfl1) in microglia causes profound morphological changes, reduces microglial fine process motility and migration toward laser-induced lesions in vivo, and increases stabilized F-actin with altered microtubule dynamics. Microglial ADF/Cfl1 deficiency also impairs learning and memory, linking microglial cytoskeletal dynamics to neuronal cognitive function. Conditional microglial ADF/Cfl1 knockout, in vivo two-photon imaging, F-actin immunostaining, microtubule dynamics assays, behavioral learning/memory tests bioRxiv (preprint)preprint Medium bio_10.1101_2024.09.27.615114

Source papers

Stage 0 corpus · 73 papers · ranked by NIH iCite citations
Year Title Journal Citations PMID
2006 Global, in vivo, and site-specific phosphorylation dynamics in signaling networks. Cell 2861 17081983
2005 Towards a proteome-scale map of the human protein-protein interaction network. Nature 2090 16189514
2005 A human protein-protein interaction network: a resource for annotating the proteome. Cell 1704 16169070
2002 Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 1479 12477932
2006 A probability-based approach for high-throughput protein phosphorylation analysis and site localization. Nature biotechnology 1336 16964243
1999 Signaling from Rho to the actin cytoskeleton through protein kinases ROCK and LIM-kinase. Science (New York, N.Y.) 1329 10436159
2006 Substrate and functional diversity of lysine acetylation revealed by a proteomics survey. Molecular cell 1260 16916647
2016 ATPase-Modulated Stress Granules Contain a Diverse Proteome and Substructure. Cell 1233 26777405
2015 The BioPlex Network: A Systematic Exploration of the Human Interactome. Cell 1118 26186194
1998 Cofilin phosphorylation by LIM-kinase 1 and its role in Rac-mediated actin reorganization. Nature 1100 9655398
2017 Architecture of the human interactome defines protein communities and disease networks. Nature 1085 28514442
2015 A human interactome in three quantitative dimensions organized by stoichiometries and abundances. Cell 1015 26496610
2014 A proteome-scale map of the human interactome network. Cell 977 25416956
2004 Immunoaffinity profiling of tyrosine phosphorylation in cancer cells. Nature biotechnology 916 15592455
2013 Large-scale genotyping identifies 41 new loci associated with breast cancer risk. Nature genetics 895 23535729
2020 A reference map of the human binary protein interactome. Nature 849 32296183
2018 VIRMA mediates preferential m6A mRNA methylation in 3'UTR and near stop codon and associates with alternative polyadenylation. Cell discovery 829 29507755
2003 Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs. Nature genetics 754 14702039
2007 Large-scale mapping of human protein-protein interactions by mass spectrometry. Molecular systems biology 733 17353931
2021 Dual proteome-scale networks reveal cell-specific remodeling of the human interactome. Cell 705 33961781
2012 A census of human soluble protein complexes. Cell 689 22939629
2004 The human plasma proteome: a nonredundant list developed by combination of four separate sources. Molecular & cellular proteomics : MCP 658 14718574
2011 Phylogenetic-based propagation of functional annotations within the Gene Ontology consortium. Briefings in bioinformatics 656 21873635
2006 A protein-protein interaction network for human inherited ataxias and disorders of Purkinje cell degeneration. Cell 610 16713569
2002 Control of actin reorganization by Slingshot, a family of phosphatases that dephosphorylate ADF/cofilin. Cell 563 11832213
2017 Anticancer sulfonamides target splicing by inducing RBM39 degradation via recruitment to DCAF15. Science (New York, N.Y.) 533 28302793
2006 Hsp90 cochaperone Aha1 downregulation rescues misfolding of CFTR in cystic fibrosis. Cell 517 17110338
2011 Analysis of the myosin-II-responsive focal adhesion proteome reveals a role for β-Pix in negative regulation of focal adhesion maturation. Nature cell biology 490 21423176
2003 Exploring proteomes and analyzing protein processing by mass spectrometric identification of sorted N-terminal peptides. Nature biotechnology 485 12665801
2004 The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome research 438 15489334
2011 CFL1, a WW domain protein, regulates cuticle development by modulating the function of HDG1, a class IV homeodomain transcription factor, in rice and Arabidopsis. The Plant cell 134 21954461
2017 The microRNAs miR-200b-3p and miR-429-5p target the LIMK1/CFL1 pathway to inhibit growth and motility of breast cancer cells. Oncotarget 78 29156719
2010 The expression of CFL1 and N-WASP in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and its correlation with clinicopathological features. Diseases of the esophagus : official journal of the International Society for Diseases of the Esophagus 59 20095995
2000 Candida albicans CFL1 encodes a functional ferric reductase activity that can rescue a Saccharomyces cerevisiae fre1 mutant. Microbiology (Reading, England) 56 10784045
2019 Mechanical Forces Regulate Cardiomyocyte Myofilament Maturation via the VCL-SSH1-CFL Axis. Developmental cell 43 31495694
2013 A low membrane lipid phase transition temperature is associated with a high cryotolerance of Lactobacillus delbrueckii subspecies bulgaricus CFL1. Journal of dairy science 40 23810590
2023 Remodeling Serine Synthesis and Metabolism via Nanoparticles (NPs)-Mediated CFL1 Silencing to Enhance the Sensitivity of Hepatocellular Carcinoma to Sorafenib. Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) 33 37203277
1996 Mapping of human non-muscle type cofilin (CFL1) to chromosome 11q13 and muscle-type cofilin (CFL2) to chromosome 14. Annals of human genetics 33 8800436
2014 Novel role of the Candida albicans ferric reductase gene CFL1 in iron acquisition, oxidative stress tolerance, morphogenesis and virulence. Research in microbiology 32 24631590
2018 Identification of CRKII, CFL1, CNTN1, NME2, and TKT as Novel and Frequent T-Cell Targets in Human IDH-Mutant Glioma. Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research 26 29563135
2016 Plant lectins ConBr and CFL modulate expression toll-like receptors, pro-inflammatory cytokines and reduce the bacterial burden in macrophages infected with Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium. Phytomedicine : international journal of phytotherapy and phytopharmacology 24 28190471
2014 A novel role of the ferric reductase Cfl1 in cell wall integrity, mitochondrial function, and invasion to host cells in Candida albicans. FEMS yeast research 22 25130162
2021 Hhex inhibits cell migration via regulating RHOA/CDC42-CFL1 axis in human lung cancer cells. Cell communication and signaling : CCS 18 34321041
2007 Association between CFL1 gene polymorphisms and spina bifida risk in a California population. BMC medical genetics 18 17352815
2008 Overexpression of the cucumber LEAFY homolog CFL and hormone treatments alter flower development in gloxinia (Sinningia speciosa). Plant molecular biology 17 18392697
2021 E2F4-induced AGAP2-AS1 up-regulation accelerates the progression of colorectal cancer via miR-182-5p/CFL1 axis. Digestive and liver disease : official journal of the Italian Society of Gastroenterology and the Italian Association for the Study of the Liver 16 34838479
2023 HUNK inhibits epithelial-mesenchymal transition of CRC via direct phosphorylation of GEF-H1 and activating RhoA/LIMK-1/CFL-1. Cell death & disease 15 37193711
2020 SSH1 impedes SQSTM1/p62 flux and MAPT/Tau clearance independent of CFL (cofilin) activation. Autophagy 15 33044112
2015 Phylogenetic Patterns of Codon Evolution in the ACTIN-DEPOLYMERIZING FACTOR/COFILIN (ADF/CFL) Gene Family. PloS one 14 26717562
2024 The role of actin cytoskeleton CFL1 and ADF/cofilin superfamily in inflammatory response. Frontiers in molecular biosciences 13 39114368
2022 Identification of the most damaging nsSNPs in the human CFL1 gene and their functional and structural impacts on cofilin-1 protein. Gene 13 35092861
2020 Overexpression of CFL1 in gastric cancer and the effects of its silencing by siRNA with a nanoparticle delivery system in the gastric cancer cell line. Journal of cellular physiology 10 31990066
2013 Matricellular protein Cfl1 regulates cell differentiation. Communicative & integrative biology 8 24567775
2023 Bio-removal of rare earth elements from hazardous industrial waste of CFL bulbs by the extremophile red alga Galdieria sulphuraria. Frontiers in microbiology 7 36860487
2024 CFL1 restores the migratory capacity of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in primary Sjögren's syndrome by regulating CCR1 expression. International immunopharmacology 4 38183912
2024 Neuronal CFL1 upregulation in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma enhances tumor-nerve crosstalk and promotes tumor growth. Molecular carcinogenesis 4 38353363
2025 In vitro chrysene degradation by purified cell free laccase (P-CFL) from Cochliobolus lunatus strain CHR4D in the presence of various redox mediator systems (RMSs) and computational evaluation of their laccase-ligand interactions. Environmental science and pollution research international 3 40146350
2023 Identification cloning and functional analysis of novel natural antisense lncRNA CFL1-AS1 in cattle. Epigenetics 3 37406176
2022 Estradiol inhibits HIV-1BaL infection and induces CFL1 expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and endocervical mucosa. Scientific reports 3 35418661
2004 [Expression of CFL gene during differentiation of floral and vegetative buds in cucumber cotyledonary nodes cultured in vitro]. Zhi wu sheng li yu fen zi sheng wu xue xue bao = Journal of plant physiology and molecular biology 3 15643084
2024 Sensitization of hepatocellular carcinoma cells to HDACi is regulated through hsa-miR-342-5p/CFL1. Cancer cell international 2 39152428
2021 Anti-infective activity of Cratylia argentea lectin (CFL) against experimental infection with virulent Listeria monocytogenes in Swiss mice. Phytomedicine : international journal of phytotherapy and phytopharmacology 2 34781231
2007 Cryotolerance of Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus CFL1 is modified by acquisition of antibiotic resistance. Cryobiology 2 17537423
2023 Multiobjective optimization of frozen and freeze-dried Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus CFL1 production via the modification of fermentation conditions. Journal of applied microbiology 1 36639125
2022 Heterologous Expression of CFL1 Confers Flocculating Ability to Cutaneotrichosporon oleaginosus Lipid-Rich Cells. Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) 1 36547626
2017 CFL-1, a novel F-box protein with leucine-rich repeat may interact with UNC-10 for the regulation of defecation and daumone response in Caenorhabditis elegans. Animal cells and systems 1 30460068
2026 Inactivation of cofilin-1 in Mcpt5-Cre-nf-Cfl1fl/fl mice prevents the formation of connective tissue mast cells without affecting basophils: a new tool to investigate the specific role of CTMCs in disease. Frontiers in immunology 0 41684538
2026 c-Myc transactivates CFL1 to induce senescence-like phenotype and potentiate the bystander effects for the migration and proliferation in lung cancer cells. Cell death discovery 0 41888102
2025 TENS improves CFL injury rat and regulates the intestinal microbiota. PloS one 0 40179112
2025 Hippocampal Cofilin and CFL1 gene variants are linked to Alcohol Use Disorder phenotypes. Molecular psychiatry 0 40931167
2024 CFL1 is Implicated in Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Response during Imatinib Therapy. Journal of Cancer 0 38495482
2024 Serum anti-CFL1, anti-EZR, and anti-CYPA autoantibody as diagnostic markers in ovarian cancer. Scientific reports 0 38684875
2014 A New Runge-Kutta Discontinuous Galerkin Method with Conservation Constraint to Improve CFL Condition for Solving Conservation Laws. Journal of computational physics 0 25414520