| 2005 |
CERS6 (Lass6) encodes a ceramide synthase that preferentially produces short-chain ceramides (C14:0 and C16:0) when overexpressed in cultured cells, with a distinct substrate preference for saturated/unsaturated fatty acyl-CoA compared to Lass5. The N-terminus of CERS6 faces the luminal side of the ER membrane (demonstrated by N-glycosylation of the N-terminal Asn residue), while the C-terminus faces the cytosolic side (demonstrated by proteinase K digestion assay), establishing the topology of the conserved Lag1 motif. |
Overexpression in cultured cells with ceramide species profiling; N-glycosylation analysis; proteinase K digestion assay; Northern blotting for tissue expression |
The Biochemical journal |
High |
15823095
|
| 2005 |
LASS6 (CERS6) protein contains a homeodomain and LAG1 domain, maps to human chromosome 2q24.3, and is conserved in vertebrates (mouse and zebrafish orthologs identified). The gene spans ~318 kb and is broadly expressed across tissues. |
Bioinformatic/genomic database screening and phylogenetic analysis; in silico expression analysis |
International journal of molecular medicine |
Low |
16211262
|
| 2014 |
CerS6 is the ceramide synthase responsible for C16:0 ceramide production in adipose tissue and liver; whole-body and tissue-specific (BAT- and liver-specific) CerS6 knockout mice show reduced C16:0 ceramides, increased energy expenditure, and protection from high-fat-diet-induced obesity and glucose intolerance, placing CerS6-derived C16:0 ceramide as a mediator of metabolic dysfunction in obesity. |
Conditional knockout mouse models (whole-body, BAT-specific, liver-specific CerS6 deletion); ceramide profiling by mass spectrometry; metabolic phenotyping (glucose tolerance tests, energy expenditure measurements) |
Cell metabolism |
High |
25295788
|
| 2016 |
CerS6 is a direct transcriptional target of p53: the CerS6 promoter is activated by p53 in luciferase assays (transcriptionally inactive R175H mutant fails to activate), purified p53 binds within the CerS6 promoter (91 bp upstream to 60 bp downstream of TSS) as shown by in vitro immunoprecipitation and gel shift assays, with a single non-canonical p53 response element upstream of the TSS identified as the key binding motif. Treatment with Nutlin-3 or low-dose actinomycin D (non-genotoxic p53 activators) elevates CerS6 mRNA and protein. |
Luciferase reporter assays with wild-type vs. R175H p53 mutant; in vitro immunoprecipitation; electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA/gel shift); pharmacological p53 activation (Nutlin-3, actinomycin D) |
The Journal of biological chemistry |
High |
27302066
|
| 2016 |
Silencing of CerS6 in melanoma cell lines increases invasion and glycolysis by upregulating GLUT1 expression, which in turn downregulates WNT5A. Silencing GLUT1 in CerS6-silenced cells restores WNT5A expression and reduces invasion/proliferation, placing CerS6 upstream of a GLUT1/WNT5A axis regulating melanoma malignancy. |
siRNA-mediated CerS6 knockdown; gene microarray; qPCR and western blot validation; invasion and proliferation assays; GLUT1 silencing rescue experiment |
Oncology reports |
Medium |
26934938
|
| 2018 |
CerS6 overexpression in cisplatin-resistant oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) cells restores cisplatin sensitivity by enhancing mitochondrial fission, promoting apoptosis, and attenuating cisplatin-induced autophagy; this is associated with altered calpain expression. CerS6 knockdown has the opposite effect. |
Lentiviral CerS6 overexpression in resistant cells; mitochondrial morphology assessment; apoptosis assays; autophagy marker analysis; xenograft tumor model |
Journal of cellular physiology |
Medium |
30054909
|
| 2019 |
Antisense oligonucleotide (ASO)-mediated knockdown of CerS6 predominantly in the liver (~90% reduction in CerS6 mRNA) reduces C16:0 ceramide levels by ~50% in liver and plasma, decreases body weight gain, reduces fat mass, lowers blood glucose (HbA1c), and improves oral glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity in ob/ob and HFD-induced obese mouse models, confirming CerS6 as a therapeutically actionable target for hepatic C16:0 ceramide production. |
Antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) pharmacological knockdown in vivo; ceramide profiling; glucose and insulin tolerance tests; body composition analysis in two obese mouse models |
Molecular metabolism |
High |
30655217
|
| 2020 |
CERS6 is required for cell migration and invasion in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC): CERS6 knockdown alters the ceramide profile, suppresses RAC1-positive lamellipodia/ruffling formation, reduces cell migration in vitro, and attenuates lung metastasis in mice; forced CERS6 expression produces the opposite phenotype. CERS6 overexpression in NSCLC is driven at least in part by reduced miR-101 expression. |
CERS6 knockdown and overexpression in NSCLC cell lines; ceramide profiling; RAC1 localization/lamellipodia assays; in vivo lung metastasis mouse model; luciferase analysis for miR-101 regulation |
Journal of cellular and molecular medicine |
High |
32902157
|
| 2021 |
CEBPγ transcription factor directly binds the Y-box cis-acting element in the CERS6 promoter to induce CERS6 expression, promoting ceramide-dependent lamellipodia formation and cell migration in NSCLC. YBX1 independently regulates lamellipodia and migration but without specific binding to the Y-box for CERS6 induction. |
Luciferase analysis of CERS6 promoter; siRNA knockdown of CEBPγ and YBX1; correlation analysis in 149 NSCLC patient database records; lamellipodia and migration assays |
Cancer science |
Medium |
33934437
|
| 2021 |
AKT1 phosphorylates FOXP3 at S418, which decreases FOXP3 binding to the CERS6 promoter and thereby induces CerS6 expression. CerS6-derived C16-ceramide produced downstream promotes accumulation of mutant p53 in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. This AKT1/FOXP3 axis drives CERS6 transcription and pancreatic tumorigenesis. |
Co-immunoprecipitation (AKT1-FOXP3 interaction); phosphorylation assays (S418 site); chromatin immunoprecipitation (FOXP3 binding to CERS6 promoter); CerS6 overexpression/knockdown; ceramide profiling; colony formation, invasion, and tumor formation assays |
Cancer letters |
Medium |
34343636
|
| 2023 |
CERS6 and LASP1 form a direct protein complex (with the LASP1 LIM domain likely required for interaction) that co-localizes on lamellipodia in lung cancer cell lines. Both CERS6 and LASP1 independently co-immunoprecipitate with actin, but these interactions are markedly reduced when the LASP1-CERS6 complex is abolished. Silencing either CERS6 or LASP1 suppresses cell migration and lamellipodia formation; ectopic addition of C16 ceramide partially rescues these phenotypes. |
Co-immunoprecipitation; liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) for binding partner identification; co-localization microscopy; siRNA knockdown of CERS6 and/or LASP1; cell migration and lamellipodia formation assays; C16 ceramide rescue experiment |
Cancers |
Medium |
37345118
|
| 2023 |
CerS6 deficiency in hypothalamic neurons (conditional KO) attenuates HFD-induced weight gain and improves glucose metabolism. Neuron-specific CerS6 deletion in POMC-expressing cells prevents diet-induced mitochondrial morphology alterations and improves cellular leptin sensitivity, while CerS6 deletion in SF-1-expressing neurons alters feeding behavior and alleviates adverse metabolic effects. CerS6-derived ceramides promote ER/mitochondrial stress in hypothalamic lipotoxicity. |
Conditional neuronal CerS6 knockout mice (POMC-Cre and SF-1-Cre drivers); mitochondrial morphology analysis; leptin sensitivity assays; metabolic phenotyping (glucose tolerance, insulin sensitivity, body weight, food intake); palmitate treatment of cultured hypothalamic neurons in vitro |
Nature communications |
High |
38016943
|
| 2023 |
CERS6-derived C16:0 ceramide (and C14:0 ceramide) inhibit PINK1-mediated mitophagy in renal tubular epithelial cells, likely by binding directly to the PINK1 protein (supported by automated docking analysis). CerS6 deficiency in db/db diabetic mice restores PINK1/Parkin-mediated mitophagy, reduces damaged mitochondria, and attenuates interstitial fibrosis. Inhibiting PINK1 in CERS6-knockdown HK-2 cells abolishes the protective effect. |
CerS6 knockout in db/db mice; ceramide profiling (LC-MS/MS); mitophagy assays (PINK1/Parkin pathway markers); CERS6 knockdown in HK-2 cells with PINK1 inhibition rescue; automated molecular docking of ceramides to PINK1 |
American journal of physiology. Cell physiology |
Medium |
37458434
|
| 2023 |
High glucose promotes CerS6 synthesis through the TLR4/IKKβ signaling pathway in human liver (LO2) cells. CerS6-derived ceramide promotes mitochondrial oxidative stress (mtROS), and CerS6 knockout attenuates mitochondrial oxidative stress, inhibits ferroptosis, and ameliorates markers of liver injury and fibrosis under high-glucose conditions. |
Pharmacological TLR4/IKKβ pathway manipulation; CerS6 knockdown and overexpression in LO2 cells; mitochondrial ROS measurement; ferroptosis marker analysis; Mito-TEMPO antioxidant intervention |
Molecular and cellular endocrinology |
Medium |
37230220
|
| 2024 |
FTO (m6A demethylase) deficiency increases m6A modification on CerS6 mRNA, decreasing its stability and reducing CerS6 expression in intestinal epithelial cells. Reduced CerS6 leads to S1P accumulation, which triggers proinflammatory macrophage activation (secreting SAA1/3) and ultimately induces Th17 cell differentiation, aggravating ulcerative colitis. |
Conditional FTO knockout mice (Villin-Cre); RNA and methylated RNA immunoprecipitation sequencing (MeRIP-seq); ceramide/S1P profiling by LC-MS; macrophage conditioned medium treatment; real-time PCR and 16S rRNA sequencing |
Gut |
High |
37734910
|
| 2024 |
CerS6-derived ceramide (d18:1/16:0) binds to the mitochondrial channel protein VDAC1 at Glu59, initiating mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) leakage, activating the cGAS-STING signaling pathway, and promoting inflammatory responses in kidney podocytes in diabetic kidney disease. Podocyte-specific CerS6 knockout ameliorates glomerular injury and inflammation, while podocyte-specific CerS6 overexpression induces proteinuria. |
Podocyte-specific CerS6 knockout and overexpression in diabetic mice; ceramide-VDAC1 binding analysis (including identification of Glu59 residue); mtDNA leakage assays; cGAS-STING pathway activation measurement; histology and proteinuria assessment |
Nature communications |
High |
39934147
|
| 2024 |
CD36 regulates CerS6 protein stability: CD36 deficiency reduces CerS6 protein expression and reduces LPS-induced inflammatory responses. CerS6-derived C16-ceramide augments LPS-induced inflammation via endoplasmic reticulum stress, activating MAPK, NF-κB, and inflammasome signaling. CerS6 protein expression and LPS-induced lethality were reduced in CD36 knockout mice. |
CD36 knockout mice (in vivo LPS sepsis model); CerS6 protein stability assays; ER stress markers; MAPK and NF-κB pathway analyses; inflammasome complex formation and cytokine measurement |
International immunopharmacology |
Medium |
39461238
|
| 2022 |
CerS6 protein stability is regulated by casein kinase 2α (CK2α), which phosphorylates the C-terminal region of CerS6 to increase its enzymatic activity. The herbal compound DHG promotes CerS6 protein degradation (shown by cycloheximide assay) and attenuates CK2α expression, reducing CerS6 protein levels and decreasing C16:0 ceramide in NASH rats. |
Cycloheximide (CHX) chase assay for CerS6 protein degradation; western blot for CK2α and CerS6 protein; RT-qPCR for mRNA; ceramide profiling by HPLC-QQQ-MS/MS in MCD diet rat model |
Journal of ethnopharmacology |
Medium |
35654350
|
| 2025 |
CERS6 promotes esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) proliferation through a non-ceramide mechanism: CERS6 sustains the stability of RPN1 (ribophorin 1) by inhibiting its ubiquitination, and downstream activation of the RPN1-IRE1-XBP1 signaling pathway reduces ER stress and ROS. ASO-mediated CERS6 targeting inhibits ESCC growth through this same pathway. |
CERS6 overexpression/knockdown in ESCC cells; ubiquitination assays for RPN1; IRE1-XBP1 pathway activation analysis; ROS measurement; xenograft tumor model; ASO treatment |
Cell death discovery |
Medium |
41203639
|
| 2024 |
CerS6 interacts directly with the mitophagy receptor BNIP3, disrupting BNIP3's binding to LC3 and thereby inhibiting mitophagy. Impaired mitochondrial clearance promotes cytoplasmic release of mtDNA and activates STING/NLRP3 signaling in AT2 cells during acute lung injury. AT2-cell-specific CerS6 knockout attenuates apoptosis, inflammation, oxidative stress, and barrier disruption in ALI mouse models. |
AT2-cell-specific CerS6 knockout mice (LPS and CLP models); co-immunoprecipitation of CerS6 with BNIP3; LC3-BNIP3 interaction assay; mtDNA leakage measurement; STING/NLRP3 pathway analysis; RNA-Seq |
Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS |
Medium |
42159698
|
| 2025 |
E4BP4 acts as a transcriptional repressor of Cers6 by interacting with PRDM16 and binding to a 65 kb upstream enhancer region of the Cers6 gene in brown adipose tissue, reducing CerS6 expression and C16:0 ceramide levels. E4BP4 gain-of-function prevents obesity-induced mitochondrial fragmentation and oxidative dysfunction in BAT and improves systemic glucose homeostasis independent of weight loss. |
E4BP4 gain-of-function in BAT; Cers6 mRNA and C16:0 ceramide measurement; PRDM16 co-immunoprecipitation with E4BP4; enhancer region binding analysis; mitochondrial morphology and function assays; metabolic phenotyping |
bioRxivpreprint |
Medium |
bio_10.1101_2025.05.19.652826
|
| 2025 |
The CBX4-HDAC5-CERS6 axis regulates sphingolipid metabolism in acute myeloid leukemia: CBX4 knockdown significantly downregulates CERS6 mRNA and protein expression. CBX4 indirectly regulates CERS6 transcription by suppressing HDAC5, and dual-luciferase reporter assays confirmed that HDAC5 directly targets the CERS6 promoter region. |
siRNA-mediated CBX4 knockdown; dual-luciferase reporter assay (HDAC5 targeting CERS6 promoter); chromatin immunoprecipitation; ceramide measurement; RNA sequencing and proteomics in THP-1 and KG-1 cell lines |
American journal of cancer research |
Medium |
41395279
|