| 2005 |
CERS6 (Lass6) encodes a ceramide synthase that preferentially synthesizes C14:0 and C16:0 ceramides from saturated/unsaturated fatty acyl-CoA substrates, with substrate preferences distinct from the closely related Lass5. The protein is N-glycosylated at its N-terminal Asn residue, indicating the N-terminus faces the luminal side of the ER membrane, while proteinase K digestion demonstrated the C-terminus faces the cytosolic side. |
Overexpression in cultured cells with ceramide species profiling, Northern blotting, glycosylation analysis, proteinase K digestion assay |
The Biochemical journal |
High |
15823095
|
| 2014 |
CerS6 specifically produces C16:0 ceramides in adipose tissue and liver; tissue-specific deletion of CerS6 in brown adipose tissue or liver in mice reduces C16:0 ceramides, increases energy expenditure, improves glucose tolerance, and protects from high-fat-diet-induced obesity, establishing CerS6-derived C16:0 ceramide as a mediator of obesity-associated insulin resistance. |
Conditional and global CerS6 knockout mice, ceramide species profiling by mass spectrometry, metabolic phenotyping (glucose/insulin tolerance tests, energy expenditure) |
Cell metabolism |
High |
25295788
|
| 2016 |
CerS6 is a direct transcriptional target of p53; p53 binds within the CerS6 promoter region spanning 91 bp upstream to 60 bp downstream of the transcription start site at a non-canonical p53 response element, and non-genotoxic p53 activation (Nutlin-3 or low-dose actinomycin D) elevates CerS6 mRNA and protein, linking p53 to ceramide biosynthesis and pro-apoptotic response. |
Luciferase promoter assays, in vitro immunoprecipitation, electrophoretic mobility shift (gel shift) assay with purified p53, pharmacological p53 activation |
The Journal of biological chemistry |
High |
27302066
|
| 2019 |
The lncRNA CERS6-AS1 binds to the RNA-binding protein IGF2BP3, and this interaction enhances the stability of CERS6 mRNA, thereby increasing CERS6 protein levels and promoting breast cancer progression. |
RNA pulldown, RIP assay, mRNA stability assays, rescue overexpression experiments in vitro and in vivo |
Cancer medicine |
Medium |
31701672
|
| 2019 |
Antisense oligonucleotide (ASO)-mediated knockdown of CerS6 in liver of obese mice reduces hepatic CerS6 mRNA by ~90% and C16:0 ceramides by ~50% in liver and plasma, and improves glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity, confirming a causal role for CerS6-derived C16:0 ceramide in insulin resistance. |
ASO-mediated in vivo knockdown, ceramide profiling by mass spectrometry, glucose/insulin tolerance tests in ob/ob and HFD mouse models |
Molecular metabolism |
High |
30655217
|
| 2020 |
CERS6 is required for lung cancer cell migration and invasion; CERS6 knockdown alters the ceramide profile, suppresses RAC1-positive lamellipodia/ruffling formation, and attenuates lung metastasis in mice, while forced CERS6 expression has the opposite effect. miR-101 negatively regulates CERS6 expression. |
siRNA knockdown, forced overexpression, ceramide profiling, RAC1 imaging, in vivo metastasis assay, luciferase promoter analysis |
Journal of cellular and molecular medicine |
High |
32902157
|
| 2021 |
AKT1 phosphorylates FOXP3 at Ser418, reducing FOXP3 binding to the CERS6 promoter and relieving repression of CERS6 transcription; the resulting excess C16:0 ceramide produced by CerS6 promotes accumulation of mutant p53 and pancreatic tumor growth. |
Co-immunoprecipitation, kinase assay (AKT1-FOXP3 phosphorylation), ChIP at CERS6 promoter, ceramide profiling, tumor xenograft |
Cancer letters |
Medium |
34343636
|
| 2021 |
CEBPγ transcription factor binds the Y-box cis-element in the CERS6 promoter to activate CERS6 expression, and CEBPγ or YBX1 knockdown independently reduces CERS6 expression, ceramide-dependent lamellipodia formation, and cancer cell migration in NSCLC. |
Luciferase promoter analysis, siRNA knockdown, correlation analysis in 149 NSCLC patient datasets, cell migration assays |
Cancer science |
Medium |
33934437
|
| 2023 |
CERS6 physically interacts with LASP1 (via LASP1's LIM domain), and both co-localize on lamellipodia in lung cancer cells. CERS6 and LASP1 each co-immunoprecipitate with actin, and these interactions are markedly reduced when the LASP1-CERS6 complex is disrupted. C16:0 ceramide partially rescues migration defects caused by silencing of either CERS6 or LASP1, indicating the LASP1-CERS6-actin ternary complex promotes cancer cell migration. |
Co-immunoprecipitation, LC-MS/MS interactome, co-localization imaging, siRNA knockdown, C16 ceramide rescue experiments |
Cancers |
High |
37345118
|
| 2023 |
CerS6 deficiency in hypothalamic neurons (particularly POMC- and SF-1-expressing neurons) attenuates high-fat diet-induced weight gain, improves insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance, prevents diet-induced mitochondrial morphology alterations, and improves leptin sensitivity, establishing CerS6-derived C16:0 ceramide as a mediator of hypothalamic lipotoxicity and ER/mitochondrial stress. |
Conditional (neuron-specific, POMC-Cre, SF-1-Cre) CerS6 knockout mice, metabolic phenotyping, mitochondrial morphology analysis, leptin sensitivity assays, in vitro palmitate treatment of hypothalamic neurons |
Nature communications |
High |
38016943
|
| 2023 |
CERS6-derived ceramides (d18:1/14:0 and d18:1/16:0) inhibit PINK1-mediated mitophagy in renal tubular epithelial cells, possibly by binding to the PINK1 protein (supported by automated docking), leading to accumulation of damaged mitochondria and exacerbation of renal interstitial fibrosis in diabetic kidney disease. PINK1 inhibition in CERS6 knockdown cells diminished the protective effect. |
CerS6 knockout and knockdown in db/db mice and HK-2 cells, ceramide profiling by LC-MS/MS, mitophagy assays, molecular docking, PINK1 inhibition rescue experiment |
American journal of physiology. Cell physiology |
Medium |
37458434
|
| 2023 |
CerS6-derived ceramide (d18:1/16:0) binds to the mitochondrial channel protein VDAC1 at Glu59, initiating mitochondrial DNA leakage and activating the cGAS-STING innate immune signaling pathway in podocytes, thereby promoting inflammatory responses in diabetic kidney disease. |
Podocyte-specific CerS6 knockout and overexpression mice, ceramide-VDAC1 binding analysis (with Glu59 site identified), mtDNA leakage assay, cGAS-STING pathway analysis |
Nature communications |
High |
39934147
|
| 2023 |
High glucose promotes CerS6 synthesis through the TLR4/IKKβ signaling pathway; CerS6-derived C16:0 ceramide accumulates in mitochondria and promotes mitochondrial oxidative stress (mtROS), which triggers ferroptosis and liver cell injury. CerS6 knockdown attenuates mtROS and ferroptosis, while CerS6 overexpression exacerbates these effects, reversed by mitochondria-targeted antioxidant Mito-TEMPO. |
CerS6 knockout and overexpression in LO2 cells, TLR4/IKKβ pathway inhibition, mitochondrial ROS measurement, ferroptosis markers, Mito-TEMPO rescue |
Molecular and cellular endocrinology |
Medium |
37230220
|
| 2023 |
CerS6-derived C16:0 ceramide promotes lipid droplet biogenesis in hepatocytes during alcohol-associated liver disease; CerS6 deletion decreases PLIN2 (perilipin 2) protein expression in EtOH-fed mice and cells, and exogenous C16:0 ceramide treatment increases PLIN2 protein, establishing a CerS6/ceramide/PLIN2 axis in hepatic steatosis. |
CerS6 KO mice (both sexes) on ethanol diet, RNAseq, in vitro CerS6 deletion in VL17A hepatocytes, C16:0 ceramide treatment, PLIN2 protein analysis |
Molecular metabolism |
Medium |
37714377
|
| 2024 |
FTO (m6A demethylase) deficiency increases m6A modification on CERS6 mRNA, decreasing its stability and downregulating CerS6 expression in intestinal epithelial cells (IECs); this leads to accumulation of sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), which triggers proinflammatory macrophage activation and Th17 cell differentiation, exacerbating ulcerative colitis. |
Fto intestinal epithelial-specific knockout mice with DSS colitis, RNA and methylated RNA immunoprecipitation sequencing (RIP-seq), m6A profiling, conditioned medium macrophage experiments, LC-MS ceramide/S1P quantification |
Gut |
High |
37734910
|
| 2024 |
CD36 regulates CerS6 protein stability; CD36 deficiency leads to accelerated CerS6 protein degradation, reduced C16:0 ceramide production, and attenuated LPS-induced inflammatory responses (MAPK, NF-κB, inflammasome activation). CerS6-derived C16:0 ceramide augments inflammatory responses through ER stress induction. |
CD36 knockout mice, CerS6 protein stability assay, LPS-induced inflammation in vitro and in vivo, cytokine measurement, inflammasome analysis |
International immunopharmacology |
Medium |
39461238
|
| 2024 |
Stress-induced corticosterone (CORT) activates the AMPK/p38 MAPK pathway to upregulate CerS6, increasing mitochondrial C16:0 ceramide; CerS6 knockdown in hepatocytes inhibits CORT-induced C16:0 ceramide elevation and mitochondrial cytochrome c release, while p38 MAPK inhibition (SB203580) attenuates CORT-induced CerS6 protein upregulation. |
Rat restraint stress model, CORT-treated hepatocytes, CerS6 knockdown, ceramide profiling by LC-MS/MS, mitochondrial isolation, cytochrome c release, kinase pathway inhibitor experiments |
Lipids in health and disease |
Medium |
38431645
|
| 2022 |
Casein kinase 2α (CK2α) phosphorylates the C-terminal region of CerS6 to increase its enzymatic activity; the herbal compound DHG reduces CK2α protein expression and promotes CerS6 protein degradation (demonstrated by cycloheximide assay), thereby decreasing C16:0 ceramide in NASH. |
Cycloheximide protein stability assay in vitro, western blotting, CK2α expression analysis, ceramide profiling by HPLC-QQQ-MS/MS in rat NASH model |
Journal of ethnopharmacology |
Medium |
35654350
|
| 2025 |
CBX4 indirectly activates CERS6 transcription by suppressing HDAC5 expression; HDAC5 directly targets the CERS6 promoter (confirmed by dual-luciferase reporter assay and ChIP), and CBX4 knockdown downregulates CERS6 mRNA and protein while activating PI3K/AKT and MAPK signaling in AML cells. |
siRNA knockdown, chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP), dual-luciferase reporter assay, RNA sequencing, proteomics, lipidomics in THP-1 and KG-1 AML cell lines |
American journal of cancer research |
Medium |
41395279
|
| 2025 |
E4BP4 acts as a transcriptional repressor of Cers6 by binding to an enhancer region ~65 kb upstream of the Cers6 gene in brown adipose tissue, interacting with PRDM16 to suppress Cers6 mRNA expression and reduce C16:0 ceramide levels, thereby preventing obesity-induced mitochondrial fragmentation in BAT. |
E4BP4 gain-of-function in BAT, Cers6 mRNA quantification, C16:0 ceramide measurement, mitochondrial morphology analysis, E4BP4-PRDM16 interaction, enhancer binding assay |
bioRxivpreprint |
Medium |
bio_10.1101_2025.05.19.652826
|
| 2025 |
CERS6 sustains the stability of ribophorin 1 (RPN1) by inhibiting its ubiquitination; this activates the RPN1-IRE1-XBP1 ER stress signaling pathway to reduce ER stress and ROS, promoting ESCC cell proliferation. This represents a ceramide-synthesis-independent function of CERS6. |
CERS6 overexpression and knockdown in ESCC cells and xenografts, ubiquitination assay for RPN1, ASO targeting of CERS6, IRE1-XBP1 pathway analysis |
Cell death discovery |
Medium |
41203639
|