Affinage

BANF1

Barrier-to-autointegration factor · UniProt O75531

Length
89 aa
Mass
10.1 kDa
Annotated
2026-06-09
100 papers in source corpus 28 papers cited in narrative 28 extracted findings
Cross-family judge vs UniProt: Affinage preferred faithfulness: 6/6 claims corpus-supported (100%)

Mechanistic narrative

Synthesis pass · prose summary of the discoveries below

BANF1/BAF is a small, highly conserved DNA-bridging protein that organizes post-mitotic nuclear envelope reassembly and protects genomic DNA, functioning as the central scaffold that couples chromatin to the inner nuclear membrane (PMID:10908652, PMID:18628300). It binds double-stranded DNA non-specifically and with high affinity, switching from a solution dimer to a DNA-bound dodecamer and condensing DNA through a looping mechanism rather than simple aggregation (PMID:10908652, PMID:19805345). Through this DNA-bound form BAF directly engages LEM-domain proteins of the nuclear envelope—emerin, LAP2, and MAN1—and lamin A/C, recruiting these otherwise immobile partners to the chromosome 'core' region adjacent to spindle microtubules so that nuclear envelope assembly can proceed; loss of BAF abolishes core assembly of lamin A and emerin and delays envelope formation (PMID:11792821, PMID:11285238, PMID:15109603, PMID:18628300). BAF activity is governed by successive VRK-family phosphorylation of its N-terminus: VRK1/VRK2 phosphorylate Thr2/Thr3/Ser4, and di-phosphorylation rigidifies the N-terminal helix and causes a ~5000-fold loss of dsDNA affinity that releases BAF from chromatin at mitotic onset without impairing its lamin A/C or emerin binding, while VRK3 drives interphase nuclear-to-cytoplasmic relocalization (PMID:16495336, PMID:25899223, PMID:33744941); failure of this regulation, as in VRK1 depletion, traps BAF on chromosomes and produces anaphase bridges and multipolar spindles (PMID:24430874). Beyond envelope assembly, BAF safeguards exposed DNA: it facilitates repair of interphase nuclear membrane ruptures by recruiting emerin and LEMD2 via its LEM-binding surface (PMID:32459568), outcompetes cGAS for self-DNA to restrain autoinflammatory innate immune activation (PMID:32792394, PMID:37620043), and relocalizes to DNA damage sites where it directly binds and inhibits PARP1 auto-ADP-ribosylation and DNA-PKcs to bias double-strand break repair pathway choice (PMID:31796734, PMID:33660778). A homozygous BANF1 p.Ala12Thr mutation causes Néstor-Guillermo progeria syndrome; this allele destabilizes BAF and selectively weakens the BAF–lamin A/C interaction, leaving initial envelope repair intact but creating weak points that drive repetitive re-rupturing (PMID:21549337, PMID:36039758).

Mechanistic history

Synthesis pass · year-by-year structured walk · 18 steps
  1. 2000 High

    Established the fundamental biochemical activity of BAF—how it engages DNA—which was unknown at the molecular level.

    Evidence Analytical ultracentrifugation, biochemical reconstitution, and electron microscopy of recombinant BAF on DNA

    PMID:10908652

    Open questions at the time
    • Did not define which cellular DNA contexts BAF bridges in vivo
    • No structural model of the dodecamer-DNA interface
  2. 2001 High

    Defined how BAF physically links to the nuclear envelope by mapping its direct binding to the LEM domains of emerin and LAP2, identifying the molecular bridge between chromatin and the inner membrane.

    Evidence In vitro binding assays, GST pulldown, yeast two-hybrid, and LEM-domain mutagenesis with Xenopus nuclear assembly readouts

    PMID:11285238 PMID:11792821

    Open questions at the time
    • Did not establish the in vivo order of recruitment during envelope assembly
    • Affinity enhancement of LAP2 for BAF·DNA implied a DNA-induced conformational change not directly visualized
  3. 2002 High

    Showed BAF binding to emerin is competitive with other emerin ligands (GCL), establishing that BAF participates in mutually exclusive nuclear envelope complexes.

    Evidence In vitro competition binding, co-IP from HeLa cells, affinity measurements

    PMID:12493765

    Open questions at the time
    • Functional consequence of BAF-vs-GCL complex switching in cells not defined
  4. 2004 High

    Resolved why BAF behaves dynamically at the envelope while its partners are static, and tied its localization directly to nuclear assembly.

    Evidence FRAP/FLIP/FRET in living HeLa cells comparing BAF to emerin, LAP2β, MAN1

    PMID:15109603 PMID:15546916

    Open questions at the time
    • Mechanism coupling BAF mobility to its partner immobilization at the core not resolved
  5. 2004 High

    Extended BAF's DNA-bridging role to a viral context, showing it and LAP2alpha organize retroviral pre-integration complexes.

    Evidence Co-IP from infected cells, LAP2alpha knockdown, integration assays for HIV-1 and MLV

    PMID:14645565 PMID:15510219

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether PIC organization uses the same BAF surfaces as host chromatin bridging not delineated
  6. 2006 High

    Identified the regulatory switch controlling BAF, showing VRK-mediated N-terminal phosphorylation releases BAF from DNA and chromatin—an answer to how BAF disengages for mitotic envelope breakdown.

    Evidence In vitro kinase assays, site-directed mutagenesis (Thr2/Thr3/Ser4), GFP-BAF localization, plus C. elegans RNAi and ts-mutant genetics

    PMID:16495336 PMID:17170708

    Open questions at the time
    • Did not quantify the magnitude of affinity loss or the structural basis
    • Phosphatase counteracting VRK not identified at this stage
  7. 2008 High

    Demonstrated BAF is the earliest organizer of post-mitotic envelope assembly, nucleating lamin A and emerin at the microtubule-adjacent chromosome core.

    Evidence Time-lapse imaging, FRAP, FRET, correlative light/EM, RNAi, microtubule disruption in human cells

    PMID:18628300

    Open questions at the time
    • How spindle microtubules direct BAF to the core region mechanistically unresolved
  8. 2009 High

    Refined the DNA-condensation mechanism, showing BAF loops rather than aggregates DNA and dissociates with biphasic kinetics matching PIC behavior.

    Evidence Single-molecule TIRF DNA-looping assays

    PMID:19805345

    Open questions at the time
    • Structural basis of the slow dissociation phase not defined
  9. 2011 Medium

    Linked BANF1 to human disease and to stem cell biology, establishing physiological requirement for the protein.

    Evidence Exome sequencing identifying p.A12T progeroid syndrome with fibroblast rescue; separate proteomic/RNAi study of Banf1 in ESC self-renewal

    PMID:21549337 PMID:21750191

    Open questions at the time
    • A12T mechanism (stability vs binding) not yet dissected
    • Sox2-association role and ESC cell-cycle phenotype mechanism not established
  10. 2014 High

    Established the in-cell consequence of failed BAF release, showing VRK1 loss traps BAF on mitotic chromosomes and causes segregation errors.

    Evidence RNAi, FRAP of GFP-BAF, live mitosis imaging, anaphase bridge quantification in human cells

    PMID:24430874

    Open questions at the time
    • Did not identify the phosphatase resetting BAF for the next cycle
  11. 2015 Medium

    Expanded BAF regulation to cell-cycle-specific VRK isoforms and to a cytosolic DNA-sensing role in membrane assembly around foreign DNA.

    Evidence VRK3 in vitro kinase and translocation assays; dsDNA-bead live-cell imaging with BAF knockdown

    PMID:25899223 PMID:25991860

    Open questions at the time
    • VRK3 single-lab kinase finding awaits independent confirmation
    • How BAF directs membrane vs autophagy fate around cytosolic DNA not mechanistically resolved
  12. 2016 Medium

    Showed BAF mediates prelamin/progerin effects on chromatin, connecting BAF to lamin-dependent heterochromatin organization in progeria.

    Evidence BAF mutants and siRNA, immunofluorescence, EM, HGPS patient cells

    PMID:26701887

    Open questions at the time
    • Single-lab correlative chromatin readouts
    • Direct prelamin A–BAF binding interface not mapped
  13. 2019 High

    Revealed a genome-protective enzymatic role, showing BAF directly inhibits PARP1 during oxidative damage and that the NGPS allele impairs this.

    Evidence Co-IP, in vitro PARP1 activity assay, NGPS patient cell oxidative repair assays

    PMID:31796734

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether DNA-bound or free BAF inhibits PARP1 not resolved
  14. 2020 High

    Defined two further DNA-guardian functions: outcompeting cGAS on self-DNA to block innate immune activation, and recruiting emerin/LEMD2 to repair interphase membrane ruptures.

    Evidence Competition/cGAS activity assays with BAF depletion; live-cell rupture imaging with LEM-binding mutant rescue and LEMD2/emerin depletion

    PMID:32459568 PMID:32792394

    Open questions at the time
    • How BAF dynamically samples self-DNA without chronically silencing surveillance not fully defined
    • Order of BAF vs ESCRT/membrane machinery at rupture sites not established
  15. 2020 Medium

    Identified a centromere-localized BAF pool in Drosophila protected from phosphorylation by CENP-C-recruited PP4, implicating a phosphatase arm in resetting BAF and in chromosome segregation.

    Evidence Immunofluorescence, genetic disruption, live imaging in Drosophila

    PMID:32814801

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether a vertebrate cenBAF/PP4 pathway operates not shown
    • Single-lab ortholog study
  16. 2021 High

    Provided the structural mechanism of BAF regulation and a second damage-response function, quantifying phospho-induced DNA release and showing BAF inhibits DNA-PKcs to bias DSB repair choice.

    Evidence Crystal structures ± phosphorylation, NMR dynamics, quantitative binding (Ser4/Thr3 di-phosphorylation, ~5000-fold dsDNA affinity loss); separately Co-IP, in vitro DNA-PKcs assay, NHEJ/HR pathway assays

    PMID:33660778 PMID:33744941

    Open questions at the time
    • How BAF balances PARP1 vs DNA-PKcs inhibition at a given lesion unresolved
  17. 2022 High

    Pinpointed the molecular defect of the NGPS A12T allele as selective loss of lamin A/C binding causing repetitive re-rupturing, separating envelope stability from initial repair.

    Evidence Crystal structure of A12T, in vitro BAF–lamin A/C binding, CRISPR reversion, live-cell rupture imaging in patient fibroblasts

    PMID:36039758

    Open questions at the time
    • Reconciling A12T binding defect with the earlier stability defect not fully integrated
  18. 2023 Medium

    Placed BANF1 in disease-relevant immune signaling, both as a TMIGD1-interacting NF-κB suppressor and as a tumor-intrinsic restraint on cGAS-STING antitumor immunity.

    Evidence Co-IP/GST pulldown/MS and rescue in intestinal organoids and colitis model; tumor BANF1 KO in syngeneic vs immunodeficient mice with immune profiling

    PMID:37542259 PMID:37620043

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct molecular link between cytoplasmic BANF1 and NF-κB machinery not defined
    • Whether antitumor effect uses the same DNA-shielding mechanism as cGAS competition not directly tested

Open questions

Synthesis pass · forward-looking unresolved questions
  • The identity and regulation of the phosphatase(s) that reset BAF after VRK phosphorylation in vertebrates, and how BAF partitions among its envelope-assembly, DNA-repair, and immune-shielding functions, remain unresolved.
  • No vertebrate BAF phosphatase definitively identified in the corpus
  • Quantitative rules governing competition between BAF and cGAS/PARP1/DNA-PKcs for the same DNA unknown

Mechanism profile

Synthesis pass · controlled-vocabulary classification · explore literature graph →
Molecular activity
GO:0003677 DNA binding 4 GO:0060090 molecular adaptor activity 4 GO:0098772 molecular function regulator activity 3 GO:0005198 structural molecule activity 2
Localization
GO:0005829 cytosol 4 GO:0005634 nucleus 3 GO:0005635 nuclear envelope 3 GO:0005694 chromosome 3
Pathway
R-HSA-1640170 Cell Cycle 2 R-HSA-1643685 Disease 2 R-HSA-168256 Immune System 2 R-HSA-1852241 Organelle biogenesis and maintenance 2 R-HSA-73894 DNA Repair 2
Partners
CGASDNA-PKCSEMDLAP2LMNAMAN1PARP1VRK1

Evidence

Reading pass · 28 per-paper findings extracted from the source corpus
Year Finding Method Journal Conf PMIDs
2000 BAF (BANF1) bridges double-stranded DNA in a discrete, higher-order nucleoprotein complex: BAF is a dimer in solution but forms a dodecamer upon DNA binding, with DNA bound at multiple discrete sites. DNA interactions are entirely nonspecific with respect to sequence. Analytical ultracentrifugation, biochemical reconstitution, electron microscopy Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America High 10908652
2001 BAF (BANF1) binds directly to emerin via the LEM-domain of emerin; this interaction requires conserved residues in the LEM-motif. BAF binding to emerin is distinct from emerin's lamin A-binding domain in the central region. In vitro binding assays with site-directed mutants of emerin, GST pulldown, yeast two-hybrid Journal of cell science High 11792821
2001 LAP2 isoforms bind directly to BAF·DNA complexes via their LEM domain; the binding affinity of LAP2 for BAF·DNA complexes is higher than for BAF alone, suggesting conformational change in BAF upon DNA binding. Mutagenesis shows that variable regions of LAP2 isoforms modulate binding affinity 9-fold. In vitro binding assays, Xenopus nuclear assembly inhibition assays, LEM-domain mutagenesis The EMBO journal High 11285238
2002 BAF (BANF1) competes with the transcriptional repressor germ cell-less (GCL) for binding to emerin in vitro; emerin forms stable complexes with either lamin A plus GCL or lamin A plus BAF. BAF and GCL bind overlapping domains on emerin. In vitro binding assays, co-immunoprecipitation from HeLa cells, binding affinity measurements The Journal of biological chemistry High 12493765
2003 BAF (BANF1) binds directly to HIV-1 p55 Gag and its cleaved product matrix with low micromolar affinity (1.1–1.4 μM); BAF co-purifies with HIV-1 virions and co-immunoprecipitates with Gag from cell lysates, indicating BAF is a host component of virions and pre-integration complexes. Purified recombinant protein binding assays, co-immunoprecipitation, virion purification with subtilisin treatment Journal of virology High 14645565
2004 LAP2alpha and BAF collaborate to organize the Moloney murine leukemia virus pre-integration complex (PIC): LAP2alpha is a component of the PIC, stabilizes BAF association with the PIC, and stimulates intermolecular integration while suppressing autointegration. Depletion of LAP2alpha significantly inhibited viral replication. Co-immunoprecipitation from infected cells, LAP2alpha knockdown cell lines, integration assays The EMBO journal High 15510219
2004 BAF (BANF1) is highly dynamic at the nuclear envelope during interphase (FRAP half-time ~260 ms), in stark contrast to its nuclear envelope partners emerin, LAP2β, and MAN1 which are relatively immobile. FRET confirmed direct binding between CFP-BAF and YFP-emerin at the inner nuclear membrane. Nuclear and cytoplasmic BAF pools are distinctly regulated. During telophase, GFP-BAF and GFP-emerin co-localize and are both immobile at chromosome 'core' regions during nuclear assembly. FRAP, FLIP, FRET in living HeLa cells Journal of structural biology High 15109603
2004 LAP2alpha and BAF transiently co-localize at telomeres and chromatin 'core' structures during nuclear assembly; BAF binds LAP2alpha in vitro and in mitotic extracts, and a subfraction of BAF relocalizes with LAP2alpha to core structures during mitosis. Live cell imaging, fluorescence microscopy, in vitro binding assays, co-immunoprecipitation from mitotic extracts Journal of cell science Medium 15546916
2006 VRK1 and VRK2 (vaccinia-related kinases) phosphorylate the N-terminus of BAF (BANF1) at Ser4 and Thr2/Thr3. Phosphorylation abrogates BAF interaction with DNA and reduces its interaction with LEM-domain proteins. Co-expression of VRK1 with GFP-BAF disperses BAF from nuclear chromatin/matrix throughout the cell. In vitro kinase assays, site-directed mutagenesis, co-expression with GFP-BAF, fluorescence microscopy Molecular biology of the cell High 16495336
2006 C. elegans BAF-1 is directly involved in nuclear envelope (NE) formation; NE defects occur independent of and before chromatin organization phenotypes. VRK (vaccinia-related kinase) phosphorylates BAF and regulates its localization; VRK depletion results in impaired NE formation and BAF delocalization. RNAi, temperature-sensitive baf-1 mutation, live-cell imaging in C. elegans embryos The EMBO journal High 17170708
2008 BAF (BANF1) assembles first at the 'core' region of telophase chromosomes adjacent to spindle microtubules, forming an immobile complex with lamin A and emerin. MT disruption abolishes BAF accumulation at the core. RNAi of BAF eliminates core assembly of lamin A and emerin, causes abnormal cytoplasmic accumulation of precursor nuclear membranes, and significantly delays nuclear envelope assembly. Time-lapse live imaging, FRAP, FRET in human cells, correlative light/EM, RNAi, MT disruption Journal of cell science High 18628300
2009 BAF (BANF1) condenses DNA by a looping mechanism, not by simple aggregation. BAF dissociation from DNA occurs with multiphasic kinetics: a fast initial phase followed by a much slower phase, mirroring BAF dissociation kinetics from retroviral pre-integration complexes. Total internal reflection fluorescence (TIRF) microscopy with single-molecule DNA looping assays Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America High 19805345
2011 A homozygous BANF1 mutation (p.Ala12Thr) causes a progeroid syndrome. Functional analysis shows fibroblasts from patients have dramatically reduced BAF protein levels (mutation impairs protein stability). Progeroid fibroblasts display nuclear lamina abnormalities including blebs and abnormal emerin distribution, rescued by ectopic wild-type BANF1 expression. Exome sequencing, patient fibroblast analysis, protein stability assay, emerin immunofluorescence, BANF1 rescue experiment American journal of human genetics High 21549337
2011 Banf1 (BAF) is required for self-renewal of mouse and human embryonic stem cells; knockdown of Banf1 promotes differentiation of mouse ESCs (primarily into mesoderm/trophectoderm markers) and decreases survival of human ESCs. Banf1 knockdown alters cell cycle distribution, causing increased G2-M phase cells. Banf1 was identified as a Sox2-associated protein. Proteomic screen, RNAi knockdown, differentiation marker analysis, cell cycle analysis by flow cytometry Journal of cell science Medium 21750191
2014 VRK1 depletion in human cells causes aberrant nuclear architecture, elevates the immobile fraction of GFP-BAF at the nuclear envelope, and prevents BAF dispersal from chromosomes at mitotic onset. Without VRK1, BAF remains chromosome-bound throughout mitosis, increasing anaphase bridges and multipolar spindles. RNAi depletion, FRAP of GFP-BAF at nuclear envelope, live imaging during mitosis, anaphase bridge quantification Molecular biology of the cell High 24430874
2015 VRK3, previously considered a pseudokinase, phosphorylates BAF (BANF1) on Ser4. VRK3-mediated phosphorylation induces translocation of BAF from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. VRK3 expression peaks in interphase while VRK1 peaks in late G2/early M, suggesting cell-cycle-specific regulation of BAF by different VRK kinases. In vitro kinase assays, GFP-BAF translocation assay, cell cycle synchronization, VRK3 depletion Biochimica et biophysica acta Medium 25899223
2015 BAF (BANF1) acts as a cytosolic DNA sensor: BAF binds to exogenous dsDNA immediately after it appears in the cytosol upon endosome breakdown. BAF-positive DNA induces assembly of a nuclear envelope-like membrane around the DNA and avoids autophagy. BAF knockdown decreases NE-like membrane assembly and increases autophagic membrane formation around DNA. Live-cell imaging with dsDNA-coated polystyrene beads, fluorescence microscopy, BAF knockdown Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America Medium 25991860
2016 BAF (BANF1) is necessary to modulate prelamin A effects on chromatin structure; in cells where BAF cannot interact with prelamin A (BAF mutant unable to bind prelamin A, or BAF-depleted cells), prelamin A-dependent chromatin changes do not occur (no H3K9me3 induction, no HP1-alpha/LAP2-alpha relocalization). The LAP2-alpha nuclear localization defect in HGPS cells involves the progerin-BAF interaction. Transfection of BAF mutants, siRNA knockdown, immunofluorescence, electron microscopy, HGPS patient cell analysis Oncotarget Medium 26701887
2019 Banf1 (BANF1) controls the DNA damage response to oxidative stress by directly binding PARP1 upon oxidative DNA damage. BAF binding inhibits PARP1 auto-ADP-ribosylation activity. Cells from NGPS patients with the Banf1 A12T mutation have defective PARP1 activity and impaired repair of oxidative lesions. Co-immunoprecipitation, in vitro PARP1 activity assay, NGPS patient cell analysis, oxidative stress assays Nature communications High 31796734
2020 BAF (BANF1) dynamically outcompetes cGAS for DNA binding on genomic self-DNA, preventing formation of DNA-cGAS complexes required for enzymatic activity. Upon acute loss of nuclear membrane integrity, BAF restricts cGAS-mediated immune activation on exposed DNA. Competition binding assays, nuclear membrane disruption assay, cGAS activity assays, BAF depletion Science High 32792394
2020 BAF (BANF1) facilitates nuclear membrane repair during interphase by recruiting nuclear membrane proteins emerin and LEMD2 to rupture sites. BAF depletion significantly delays nuclear membrane repair. A BAF mutant lacking the LEM-protein binding domain fails to rescue the repair defect, indicating LEM-protein binding is a key function of BAF during membrane repair. Live-cell imaging of GFP-BAF at rupture sites, BAF depletion, mutant rescue assays, LEMD2/emerin depletion Molecular biology of the cell High 32459568
2020 BAF (BANF1) is present in human spermatozoa (along with BAF-L) while all LEM-domain proteins tested are lost during spermiogenesis, indicating that BAF persists in a context where its canonical nuclear envelope partners are absent and may contribute to sperm nucleus structure and post-fertilization male pronucleus formation. RT-PCR, immunofluorescence, western blotting in human spermatids/spermatozoa Reproduction (Cambridge, England) Low 28684548
2021 VRK1 successively phosphorylates BAF on Ser4 (after first phosphorylating Thr3). Di-phosphorylated BAF shows greatly reduced N-terminal helix flexibility in solution (NMR) due to intramolecular interactions between phosphorylated residues and the positively charged C-terminal helix α6. Phosphorylation causes a ~5000-fold loss of affinity for dsDNA but does not impair binding to lamin A/C Igfold domain or emerin. Crystal structures of BAF before/after phosphorylation, NMR (solution dynamics), quantitative binding assays Nucleic acids research High 33744941
2021 Banf1 (BANF1) modulates DNA double-strand break repair pathway choice: Banf1 relocalizes from the nuclear envelope to DSB sites, directly binds and inhibits DNA-PKcs activity. Banf1 depletion increases NHEJ and decreases homologous recombination, attributed to unrestrained DNA-PKcs activity. Immunofluorescence of Banf1 relocalization, co-immunoprecipitation, in vitro DNA-PKcs activity assay, NHEJ/HR pathway assays after Banf1 depletion Nucleic acids research High 33660778
2022 The NGPS-causing BAF A12T mutation does not affect BAF 3D structure or phosphorylation by VRK1, but specifically decreases BAF interaction with lamin A/C. Disrupted BAF-lamin A/C interaction does not prevent initial NE rupture repair but generates weak points leading to higher frequency of NE re-rupturing in NGPS patient cells. Crystal structure of BAF A12T, in vitro binding assays (BAF–lamin A/C), CRISPR/Cas9 reversion, live-cell NE rupture imaging in patient fibroblasts Nucleic acids research High 36039758
2020 In Drosophila, a small fraction of BAF (cenBAF) associates with centromeres during mitosis, maintained there by PP4 phosphatase recruited via CENP-C, which prevents cenBAF phosphorylation and release. cenBAF is required for proper centromere assembly and accurate chromosome segregation; disrupting cenBAF localization prevents PP2A inactivation in mitosis and causes persistent global BAF–chromatin association, delayed anaphase onset, and NE defects. Immunofluorescence, genetic disruption, live imaging in Drosophila Communications biology Medium 32814801
2023 TMIGD1 directly interacts with cytoplasmic BANF1 to inhibit NF-κB activation; TMIGD1 knockdown impairs intestinal barrier integrity and induces pro-inflammatory cytokine production, effects that are restored by exogenous BANF1 expression, placing BANF1 downstream of TMIGD1 in the TMIGD1–BANF1–NF-κB pathway. Co-immunoprecipitation, GST pull-down, mass spectrometry, BANF1 rescue in epithelial cells and organoids, in vivo mouse colitis model BMC medicine Medium 37542259
2023 Tumor-intrinsic BANF1 knockout activates antitumor immune responses via the cGAS-STING pathway, increasing CD8+ T cell infiltration and decreasing myeloid-derived suppressor cells. This effect requires an immunocompetent host (absent in immunodeficient mice), establishing BANF1 as a regulator of cGAS-STING-dependent antitumor immunity. BANF1 KO in tumor cells, syngeneic tumor models in immunocompetent and immunodeficient mice, flow cytometry, RNA-seq Journal for immunotherapy of cancer Medium 37620043

Source papers

Stage 0 corpus · 100 papers · ranked by NIH iCite citations
Year Title Journal Citations PMID
1998 Rapid and phosphoinositol-dependent binding of the SWI/SNF-like BAF complex to chromatin after T lymphocyte receptor signaling. Cell 624 9845365
2019 BAF complex vulnerabilities in cancer demonstrated via structure-based PROTAC design. Nature chemical biology 446 31178587
2017 Cancer-Specific Retargeting of BAF Complexes by a Prion-like Domain. Cell 396 28844694
2017 AP-1 Transcription Factors and the BAF Complex Mediate Signal-Dependent Enhancer Selection. Molecular cell 353 29272704
2016 The Many Roles of BAF (mSWI/SNF) and PBAF Complexes in Cancer. Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in medicine 342 27413115
2001 Regulation of CSF1 promoter by the SWI/SNF-like BAF complex. Cell 290 11509180
2001 Distinct functional domains in emerin bind lamin A and DNA-bridging protein BAF. Journal of cell science 274 11792821
2020 Structure of nucleosome-bound human BAF complex. Science (New York, N.Y.) 272 32001526
2016 Dynamics of BAF-Polycomb complex opposition on heterochromatin in normal and oncogenic states. Nature genetics 245 27941796
2017 SMARCB1 is required for widespread BAF complex-mediated activation of enhancers and bivalent promoters. Nature genetics 226 28945250
2013 BAF complexes facilitate decatenation of DNA by topoisomerase IIα. Nature 226 23698369
2000 Barrier-to-autointegration factor (BAF) bridges DNA in a discrete, higher-order nucleoprotein complex. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 223 10908652
2006 The vaccinia-related kinases phosphorylate the N' terminus of BAF, regulating its interaction with DNA and its retention in the nucleus. Molecular biology of the cell 207 16495336
2002 Reciprocal regulation of CD4/CD8 expression by SWI/SNF-like BAF complexes. Nature 205 12110891
2002 Transcriptional repressor germ cell-less (GCL) and barrier to autointegration factor (BAF) compete for binding to emerin in vitro. The Journal of biological chemistry 205 12493765
2019 The BAF complex in development and disease. Epigenetics & chromatin 198 30898143
2019 Spliceosomal disruption of the non-canonical BAF complex in cancer. Nature 197 31597964
2008 Live cell imaging and electron microscopy reveal dynamic processes of BAF-directed nuclear envelope assembly. Journal of cell science 193 18628300
2006 Caenorhabditis elegans BAF-1 and its kinase VRK-1 participate directly in post-mitotic nuclear envelope assembly. The EMBO journal 183 17170708
2001 LAP2 binds to BAF.DNA complexes: requirement for the LEM domain and modulation by variable regions. The EMBO journal 180 11285238
2018 A non-canonical BRD9-containing BAF chromatin remodeling complex regulates naive pluripotency in mouse embryonic stem cells. Nature communications 176 30510198
2017 Chromatin Remodeling BAF (SWI/SNF) Complexes in Neural Development and Disorders. Frontiers in molecular neuroscience 174 28824374
2020 BAF restricts cGAS on nuclear DNA to prevent innate immune activation. Science (New York, N.Y.) 170 32792394
2018 Vitamin D Switches BAF Complexes to Protect β Cells. Cell 170 29754817
2004 LAP2alpha and BAF transiently localize to telomeres and specific regions on chromatin during nuclear assembly. Journal of cell science 169 15546916
2011 Exome sequencing and functional analysis identifies BANF1 mutation as the cause of a hereditary progeroid syndrome. American journal of human genetics 163 21549337
2004 BAF: roles in chromatin, nuclear structure and retrovirus integration. Trends in cell biology 139 15130582
2021 Acute BAF perturbation causes immediate changes in chromatin accessibility. Nature genetics 129 33558760
2014 The role of BAF (mSWI/SNF) complexes in mammalian neural development. American journal of medical genetics. Part C, Seminars in medical genetics 121 25195934
2004 Dynamic interaction between BAF and emerin revealed by FRAP, FLIP, and FRET analyses in living HeLa cells. Journal of structural biology 120 15109603
2019 Systematic characterization of BAF mutations provides insights into intracomplex synthetic lethalities in human cancers. Nature genetics 108 31427792
2016 7SK-BAF axis controls pervasive transcription at enhancers. Nature structural & molecular biology 96 26878240
2015 Loss of BAF (mSWI/SNF) Complexes Causes Global Transcriptional and Chromatin State Changes in Forebrain Development. Cell reports 96 26655900
2020 A Genome-wide CRISPR Screen Reveals a Role for the Non-canonical Nucleosome-Remodeling BAF Complex in Foxp3 Expression and Regulatory T Cell Function. Immunity 94 32640256
2014 Coffin-Siris syndrome and related disorders involving components of the BAF (mSWI/SNF) complex: historical review and recent advances using next generation sequencing. American journal of medical genetics. Part C, Seminars in medical genetics 91 25169878
2018 Binding of TMPRSS2-ERG to BAF Chromatin Remodeling Complexes Mediates Prostate Oncogenesis. Molecular cell 89 30078722
2020 BAF facilitates interphase nuclear membrane repair through recruitment of nuclear transmembrane proteins. Molecular biology of the cell 86 32459568
2015 Barrier to Autointegration Factor (BANF1): interwoven roles in nuclear structure, genome integrity, innate immunity, stress responses and progeria. Current opinion in cell biology 81 26072104
2007 Nucleoplasmic lamins and their interaction partners, LAP2alpha, Rb, and BAF, in transcriptional regulation. The FEBS journal 80 17489094
2014 Depletion of the protein kinase VRK1 disrupts nuclear envelope morphology and leads to BAF retention on mitotic chromosomes. Molecular biology of the cell 78 24430874
2017 TOP2 synergizes with BAF chromatin remodeling for both resolution and formation of facultative heterochromatin. Nature structural & molecular biology 74 28250416
2014 Stochastic genome-nuclear lamina interactions: modulating roles of Lamin A and BAF. Nucleus (Austin, Tex.) 72 24717229
2023 The BAF chromatin remodeler synergizes with RNA polymerase II and transcription factors to evict nucleosomes. Nature genetics 71 38049663
2020 MUC1-C Activates the BAF (mSWI/SNF) Complex in Prostate Cancer Stem Cells. Cancer research 71 33323379
2018 Mutations in the BAF-Complex Subunit DPF2 Are Associated with Coffin-Siris Syndrome. American journal of human genetics 71 29429572
2004 A BAF-centred view of the immune system. Nature reviews. Immunology 71 15573131
2013 The clinicopathologic significance of p53 and BAF-250a (ARID1A) expression in clear cell carcinoma of the endometrium. Modern pathology : an official journal of the United States and Canadian Academy of Pathology, Inc 70 23524907
2020 Merkel cell polyomavirus activates LSD1-mediated blockade of non-canonical BAF to regulate transformation and tumorigenesis. Nature cell biology 67 32284543
2009 Barrier-to-autointegration factor (BAF) condenses DNA by looping. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 64 19805345
2023 The SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complexes BAF and PBAF differentially regulate epigenetic transitions in exhausted CD8+ T cells. Immunity 63 37315535
2012 The SWI/SNF-like BAF complex is essential for early B cell development. Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) 59 22427636
2022 BAF Complex Maintains Glioma Stem Cells in Pediatric H3K27M Glioma. Cancer discovery 58 36305736
2019 Barrier-to-autointegration factor 1 (Banf1) regulates poly [ADP-ribose] polymerase 1 (PARP1) activity following oxidative DNA damage. Nature communications 52 31796734
2019 EWS-FLI1 modulated alternative splicing of ARID1A reveals novel oncogenic function through the BAF complex. Nucleic acids research 51 31392992
2019 Unwinding chromatin at the right places: how BAF is targeted to specific genomic locations during development. Development (Cambridge, England) 51 31570369
2018 Small Molecule Targeting of Specific BAF (mSWI/SNF) Complexes for HIV Latency Reversal. Cell chemical biology 51 30197195
2005 hZimp7, a novel PIAS-like protein, enhances androgen receptor-mediated transcription and interacts with SWI/SNF-like BAF complexes. Molecular endocrinology (Baltimore, Md.) 51 16051670
2021 Interplay of BAF and MLL4 promotes cell type-specific enhancer activation. Nature communications 50 33712604
2021 BAF complexes drive proliferation and block myogenic differentiation in fusion-positive rhabdomyosarcoma. Nature communications 50 34836971
2016 The BAF chromatin remodelling complex is an epigenetic regulator of lineage specification in the early mouse embryo. Development (Cambridge, England) 49 26952987
2004 LAP2alpha and BAF collaborate to organize the Moloney murine leukemia virus preintegration complex. The EMBO journal 48 15510219
2021 A Role for SMARCB1 in Synovial Sarcomagenesis Reveals That SS18-SSX Induces Canonical BAF Destruction. Cancer discovery 46 34078620
2003 Barrier-to-autointegration factor BAF binds p55 Gag and matrix and is a host component of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 virions. Journal of virology 46 14645565
2020 BICRA, a SWI/SNF Complex Member, Is Associated with BAF-Disorder Related Phenotypes in Humans and Model Organisms. American journal of human genetics 43 33232675
2016 Barrier-to-autointegration factor (BAF) involvement in prelamin A-related chromatin organization changes. Oncotarget 43 26701887
2021 BAF subunit switching regulates chromatin accessibility to control cell cycle exit in the developing mammalian cortex. Genes & development 42 33602870
2011 Banf1 is required to maintain the self-renewal of both mouse and human embryonic stem cells. Journal of cell science 41 21750191
2018 Germline variants in SMARCB1 and other members of the BAF chromatin-remodeling complex across human disease entities: a meta-analysis. European journal of human genetics : EJHG 40 29706634
2019 The BAF and PRC2 Complex Subunits Dpf2 and Eed Antagonistically Converge on Tbx3 to Control ESC Differentiation. Cell stem cell 39 30609396
2016 The SWI/SNF BAF-A complex is essential for neural crest development. Developmental biology 39 26806701
2022 Altered BAF occupancy and transcription factor dynamics in PBAF-deficient melanoma. Cell reports 38 35385731
2018 BAFfling pathologies: Alterations of BAF complexes in cancer. Cancer letters 38 29374542
2014 Roles of chromatin remodeling BAF complex in neural differentiation and reprogramming. Cell and tissue research 38 24496512
2020 HRP2-DPF3a-BAF complex coordinates histone modification and chromatin remodeling to regulate myogenic gene transcription. Nucleic acids research 37 32459350
2015 Small Molecule Inhibitors of BAF; A Promising Family of Compounds in HIV-1 Latency Reversal. EBioMedicine 37 26870822
2020 Long non-coding RNA uc.291 controls epithelial differentiation by interfering with the ACTL6A/BAF complex. EMBO reports 36 32017402
2015 BAF is a cytosolic DNA sensor that leads to exogenous DNA avoiding autophagy. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 36 25991860
2013 BAF chromatin remodeling complex: cortical size regulation and beyond. Cell cycle (Georgetown, Tex.) 36 23974113
2021 Intrinsically disordered Meningioma-1 stabilizes the BAF complex to cause AML. Molecular cell 35 33974912
2023 Canonical BAF complex activity shapes the enhancer landscape that licenses CD8+ T cell effector and memory fates. Immunity 34 37315534
2015 BANF1 is downregulated by IRF1-regulated microRNA-203 in cervical cancer. PloS one 34 25658920
2021 Di-phosphorylated BAF shows altered structural dynamics and binding to DNA, but interacts with its nuclear envelope partners. Nucleic acids research 33 33744941
2022 MUC1-C Dictates JUN and BAF-Mediated Chromatin Remodeling at Enhancer Signatures in Cancer Stem Cells. Molecular cancer research : MCR 32 35022313
2022 The BAF A12T mutation disrupts lamin A/C interaction, impairing robust repair of nuclear envelope ruptures in Nestor-Guillermo progeria syndrome cells. Nucleic acids research 31 36039758
2012 The BAF complex and HIV latency. Transcription 30 22771990
2022 The FUS::DDIT3 fusion oncoprotein inhibits BAF complex targeting and activity in myxoid liposarcoma. Molecular cell 29 35390276
2021 Inability to switch from ARID1A-BAF to ARID1B-BAF impairs exit from pluripotency and commitment towards neural crest formation in ARID1B-related neurodevelopmental disorders. Nature communications 28 34753942
2017 Expression of VRK1 and the downstream gene BANF1 in esophageal cancer. Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie 28 28298069
2021 The BAF chromatin remodeling complexes: structure, function, and synthetic lethalities. Biochemical Society transactions 27 34431497
2023 Inhibition of tumor intrinsic BANF1 activates antitumor immune responses via cGAS-STING and enhances the efficacy of PD-1 blockade. Journal for immunotherapy of cancer 25 37620043
2022 The SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling assemblies BAF and PBAF differentially regulate cell cycle exit and cellular invasion in vivo. PLoS genetics 25 34982771
2018 The role of ARID1B, a BAF chromatin remodeling complex subunit, in neural development and behavior. Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology & biological psychiatry 24 30149092
2023 Decreased TMIGD1 aggravates colitis and intestinal barrier dysfunction via the BANF1-NF-κB pathway in Crohn's disease. BMC medicine 22 37542259
2022 BCL7A-containing SWI/SNF/BAF complexes modulate mitochondrial bioenergetics during neural progenitor differentiation. The EMBO journal 22 36305367
2021 Barrier-to-autointegration-factor (Banf1) modulates DNA double-strand break repair pathway choice via regulation of DNA-dependent kinase (DNA-PK) activity. Nucleic acids research 22 33660778
2020 Dose-dependent functions of SWI/SNF BAF in permitting and inhibiting cell proliferation in vivo. Science advances 22 32494730
2017 LEM-domain proteins are lost during human spermiogenesis but BAF and BAF-L persist. Reproduction (Cambridge, England) 22 28684548
2015 Presumed pseudokinase VRK3 functions as a BAF kinase. Biochimica et biophysica acta 22 25899223
2021 NELL2-cdc42 signaling regulates BAF complexes and Ewing sarcoma cell growth. Cell reports 21 34233189
2020 A fraction of barrier-to-autointegration factor (BAF) associates with centromeres and controls mitosis progression. Communications biology 21 32814801

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