Affinage

POU2F1

POU domain, class 2, transcription factor 1 · UniProt P14859

Length
743 aa
Mass
76.5 kDa
Annotated
2026-06-10
68 papers in source corpus 40 papers cited in narrative 40 extracted findings
Cross-family judge vs UniProt: Affinage preferred faithfulness: 8/8 claims corpus-supported (100%)

Mechanistic narrative

Synthesis pass · prose summary of the discoveries below

POU2F1 (Oct-1/OTF-1) is a ubiquitous POU-homeodomain transcription factor that binds octamer and octamer-related DNA elements to activate or repress transcription, with binding-site sequence determining whether it engages DNA as a monomer or homodimer at PORE/MORE sites (PMID:3677172, PMID:31184608). It was first purified as a sequence-specific activator of the histone H2b gene in a reconstituted system, an activity that is octamer-element dependent and lost in G2-synchronized cells, establishing cell-cycle-coupled transcriptional control (PMID:3677172). The same protein is physically and functionally identical to the adenovirus DNA replication factor NF-III, giving it a dual role in transcription and viral DNA replication (PMID:3413485), and it serves as the cellular octamer-binding component recruited by herpesvirus VP16 at TAATGARAT elements (PMID:2842768); in bovine cells it acts as a pro-viral factor required for BoHV-1 gene expression and replication (PMID:39459888). POU2F1 acts combinatorially: it cooperates with Sp1 (PMID:2191301), functions as a co-factor with Sox2 at composite Sox/octamer sites to drive Pax6 enhancer activity during lens and nasal placode induction (PMID:17140559), and mediates hormone-receptor-dependent induction of the MMTV promoter through cooperative DNA binding with progesterone and glucocorticoid receptors (PMID:1846780), while the glucocorticoid receptor can also directly bind its homeodomain to repress its DNA-binding activity (PMID:1406672). Its access to target sites is gated by chromatin state, requiring SWI/SNF-dependent nucleosome remodeling (PMID:9614938) and being blocked by promoter DNA methylation (PMID:28278364). POU2F1 functions as a temporal transcription factor in retinal progenitors, inducing Pou2f2 which represses Nrl to set the cone-versus-rod photoreceptor fate window (PMID:32878923), and in mouse colon it directs target genes governing mitotic stability, metabolism, and stress responses and has context-dependent roles in tumorigenesis (PMID:31059499). Across cancers POU2F1 drives metabolic and pro-tumor programs by directly binding promoters of glycolytic and lipogenic genes including ALDOA, LDHA, and DHCR24/ELOVL2 (PMID:34997215, PMID:40819704, PMID:41947242). Its protein level is controlled by O-GlcNAcylation at T255/S728, which integrates metabolic state into its DNA binding and nuclear-periphery localization (PMID:23580612), and by ubiquitin turnover—TRIM21 catalyzes K48-linked ubiquitination at K272 driving proteasomal degradation (PMID:38385081), opposed by USP18-mediated deubiquitination (PMID:42157946).

Mechanistic history

Synthesis pass · year-by-year structured walk · 16 steps
  1. 1987 High

    Established POU2F1 as a bona fide sequence-specific transcriptional activator by demonstrating it directly stimulates a target promoter through the octamer element, and that this activity is cell-cycle-regulated.

    Evidence DNA affinity purification from HeLa extracts and reconstituted in vitro transcription of the H2b gene with octamer mutagenesis

    PMID:3677172

    Open questions at the time
    • Mechanism of G2-specific loss of activity not defined
    • No in vivo target validation
  2. 1988 High

    Revealed an unexpected dual function by showing the octamer-binding transcription factor is identical to the adenovirus DNA replication factor NF-III, linking transcription and viral DNA replication machinery.

    Evidence SDS-PAGE comigration, shared binding site/affinity, and reciprocal substitution in in vitro replication and transcription assays

    PMID:3413485

    Open questions at the time
    • Structural basis of dual activity not resolved
    • Relevance to cellular DNA replication not addressed
  3. 1988 High

    Defined POU2F1 as the host octamer-binding factor commandeered by herpesvirus VP16, and showed an additional cellular factor is required for VP16 complex assembly.

    Evidence Affinity purification, EMSA, and depletion-complementation at TAATGARAT promoters

    PMID:2842768

    Open questions at the time
    • Identity of the additional cellular factor not established in this work
  4. 1990 High

    Showed POU2F1 acts combinatorially with other factors, establishing cooperative protein-protein and protein-DNA interactions as a core mode of action.

    Evidence Synthetic enhancers, cooperative EMSA, and in vitro transcription with Sp1; OTF-depletion/reconstitution comparing OTF-1 and OTF-2

    PMID:2123291 PMID:2191301

    Open questions at the time
    • Identity of B-cell-specific co-factor for immunoglobulin transcription not defined
    • Functional non-redundancy of OTF-1 vs OTF-2 in cells unresolved
  5. 1991 Medium

    Demonstrated POU2F1 mediates hormonal induction by binding degenerate octamer motifs cooperatively with steroid receptors, and binds non-canonical purine-rich sites, broadening its sequence repertoire.

    Evidence In vitro transcription with purified progesterone receptor and MMTV promoter mutagenesis; methylation interference footprinting at the Aγ-globin promoter

    PMID:1846780 PMID:2007132

    Open questions at the time
    • Basis for high-affinity binding to non-octamer site I not determined
    • In vivo hormone induction at endogenous loci not shown
  6. 1992 High

    Identified a repressive mode in which the glucocorticoid receptor directly binds the POU2F1 homeodomain off-DNA to inhibit its DNA-binding activity, mapping the same subdomain used by VP16.

    Evidence In vivo reporter assays, in vitro binding with purified GR, cross-linking/IP, and domain mapping

    PMID:1406672

    Open questions at the time
    • Structural details of the GR-homeodomain interface not resolved
  7. 1994 Medium

    Confirmed that in vitro-defined POU2F1 contacts reflect genuine in vivo promoter occupancy at a chromosomal locus.

    Evidence In vivo DMS footprinting of the integrated MMTV LTR compared with in vitro methylation interference

    PMID:7787882

    Open questions at the time
    • Limited functional follow-up
    • Single integrated locus examined
  8. 1998 High

    Established chromatin context as a gate for POU2F1 access, showing it cannot bind a full nucleosome but binds after ATP-dependent SWI/SNF remodeling to a tetramer-like state.

    Evidence Reconstituted chromatin particles, hydroxyl radical mapping, and SWI/SNF remodeling/factor-binding assays

    PMID:9614938

    Open questions at the time
    • In vivo coupling of SWI/SNF recruitment to POU2F1 binding not demonstrated
  9. 2006 High

    Defined POU2F1 as a developmental Sox2 co-factor required in vivo for placode induction via composite Sox/octamer enhancer elements.

    Evidence Compound heterozygous mouse genetics, in vitro cooperative transactivation, and transgenic Pax6 enhancer analysis

    PMID:17140559

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct biochemical contacts of the Oct1-Sox2 complex not structurally resolved
  10. 2013 High

    Linked POU2F1 activity to metabolic state through O-GlcNAcylation at T255/S728, which alters target binding, nuclear-periphery localization, and stress-gene control.

    Evidence PTM site mapping with mutagenesis, ChIP, FRAP/localization, and functional rescue under overgrowth/starvation

    PMID:23580612

    Open questions at the time
    • Enzymes adding/removing O-GlcNAc on POU2F1 not identified
    • Mechanism coupling O-GlcNAc to lamin B1 association unclear
  11. 2019 High

    Demonstrated context-dependent roles in tissue regeneration and tumorigenesis and generated genome-wide target maps implicating mitotic, metabolic, and stress pathways.

    Evidence Conditional colon knockout, organoid/DSS/carcinogen and Apc-LOH models, and ChIP-seq

    PMID:31059499

    Open questions at the time
    • Mechanistic basis of opposite tumor phenotypes across models not resolved
    • Direct vs indirect targets not all validated
  12. 2019 Medium

    Clarified that binding-site sequence/conformation dictates POU2F1 monomer versus homodimer/multimer assembly, defining how DNA shapes its functional output.

    Evidence Systematic EMSA across PORE/MORE substitution series

    PMID:31184608

    Open questions at the time
    • Functional consequences of monomer vs dimer states at endogenous targets not tested
  13. 2020 High

    Established POU2F1 as a temporal transcription factor in retina, acting through a Pou2f1→Pou2f2⊣Nrl cascade to set the cone-versus-rod fate window.

    Evidence Retroviral misexpression, conditional knockout, promoter binding at the Nrl POU motif, and epistasis with Ikzf1/Casz1 in mouse retina

    PMID:32878923

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct POU2F1 targets beyond Pou2f2 in retina not mapped
    • Timing signals controlling POU2F1 expression unknown
  14. 2024 High

    Identified turnover control of POU2F1 protein by TRIM21-mediated K48 ubiquitination at K272 downstream of PI3K/AKT attenuation, linking signaling to its degradation and metabolic/DNA-damage phenotypes.

    Evidence Co-IP, ubiquitination site mapping with K272 mutagenesis, TRIM21 manipulation, and in vivo CRC model

    PMID:38385081

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether other E3 ligases target POU2F1 not addressed here
  15. 2025 Medium

    Consolidated a recurrent oncogenic theme in which POU2F1 directly drives metabolic-remodeling genes (glycolysis, lipogenesis) and feeds PI3K/AKT signaling across cancers.

    Evidence ChIP and luciferase confirmation of direct binding at ALDOA, LDHA, and DHCR24/ELOVL2 with knockdown/rescue and xenografts

    PMID:34997215 PMID:40819704 PMID:41947242

    Open questions at the time
    • Tissue selectivity of metabolic target choice unexplained
    • Most evidence from individual single-lab cancer studies
  16. 2026 Medium

    Extended POU2F1 stability control by identifying USP18 as a deubiquitinase that opposes its degradation, regulated upstream by an lncRNA-EIF4E phase-separation axis.

    Evidence Co-IP, ubiquitination assays, EIF4E phase-separation assay, and knockdown in CRC cells

    PMID:42157946

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct USP18 catalysis on specific POU2F1 ubiquitin sites not mapped
    • Single-lab evidence

Open questions

Synthesis pass · forward-looking unresolved questions
  • How POU2F1's combinatorial partner choice, PTM state, and binding-site conformation are integrated to select activating versus repressive outputs at specific loci in vivo remains unresolved.
  • No unified model linking PTMs (O-GlcNAc, ubiquitin) to target selection
  • Structural basis of context-dependent activation vs repression unknown
  • Genome-wide direct target maps available in few cell types only

Mechanism profile

Synthesis pass · controlled-vocabulary classification · explore literature graph →
Molecular activity
GO:0003677 DNA binding 8 GO:0140110 transcription regulator activity 6
Localization
GO:0005634 nucleus 2 GO:0005635 nuclear envelope 1
Pathway
R-HSA-74160 Gene expression (Transcription) 4 R-HSA-1430728 Metabolism 3 R-HSA-1266738 Developmental Biology 2 R-HSA-4839726 Chromatin organization 2
Partners
NR3C1PGRSOX2SP1TRIM21USP18VP16

Evidence

Reading pass · 40 per-paper findings extracted from the source corpus
Year Finding Method Journal Conf PMIDs
1987 OTF-1 (POU2F1) was purified from HeLa nuclear extracts and shown to directly stimulate transcription of the human histone H2b gene in a reconstituted in vitro system, dependent on an intact octamer element and the TATA motif but not other H2b promoter elements. Activity was absent in G2-synchronized cells, establishing cell-cycle-dependent regulation. DNA affinity chromatography purification, SDS-PAGE renaturation, reconstituted in vitro transcription assay Cell High 3677172
1988 OTF-1 (POU2F1) is physically and functionally identical to the adenovirus DNA replication factor NF-III: identical SDS-PAGE mobility, same binding site and affinity at the adenovirus origin, ability to substitute for NF-III in activating adenovirus DNA replication in vitro, and NF-III can substitute for OTF-1 in H2b transcription, demonstrating a dual role in transcription and DNA replication. SDS-PAGE, DNA-binding assays, in vitro adenovirus DNA replication assay, in vitro transcription complementation assay Science High 3413485
1988 OTF-1 (POU2F1) binds the TAATGARAT sequence in HSV immediate-early gene promoters. The herpes simplex virus trans-activator Vmw65 (VP16) induces formation of an additional, more-retarded complex containing OTF-1, and at least one additional cellular factor (distinct from OTF-1) is required for this complex formation. Affinity purification, electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA), complementation with OTF-1-depleted nuclear extracts Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America High 2842768
1990 OTF-1 (POU2F1) and Sp1 physically interact and show cooperative binding to DNA: Sp1 binding sites stimulate transcription more strongly when paired with low-affinity OTF-1 sites than high-affinity ones, and this functional cooperation is mirrored by cooperative protein–DNA complex formation in vitro. Synthetic enhancer constructs, in vitro transcription assays, EMSA cooperative binding Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America High 2191301
1990 Purified OTF-1 (POU2F1) and OTF-2 show indistinguishable DNA-binding affinity and contacts on H2b and immunoglobulin promoters and equivalent intrinsic capacity to activate transcription from either promoter in OTF-depleted extracts. Full immunoglobulin gene transcription additionally requires a B-cell-specific component that interacts with OTFs. High-resolution DNase I footprinting, EMSA competition, reconstituted in vitro transcription with OTF-depleted HeLa and B-cell extracts Molecular and cellular biology High 2123291
1991 The MMTV promoter contains two degenerate octamer motifs upstream of the TATA box that bind OTF-1 (POU2F1). In vitro, mutation of these octamer motifs abolishes the stimulatory effect of purified progesterone receptor on transcription without affecting basal transcription. Progesterone and glucocorticoid receptors bound to the HRE facilitate binding of OTF-1 to these sites, revealing OTF-1 as a mediator of hormonal induction through cooperative DNA binding with hormone receptors. DNA binding assays, in vitro transcription with purified progesterone receptor, transfection with promoter mutants Cell High 1846780
1991 OTF-1 (POU2F1) binds two distinct sites in the Aγ-globin gene promoter: site II (octamer-related) and site I (purine-rich, -291 to -267) with equal affinity despite site I having no obvious octamer similarity, as shown by immunological identity and methylation interference footprinting. Immunological identity assay, EMSA, methylation interference footprinting Biochemistry Medium 2007132
1992 The glucocorticoid receptor (GR) negatively regulates OTF-1 (POU2F1) function in a hormone-dependent manner by directly associating with OTF-1 in solution, independent of DNA binding, resulting in repression of OTF-1 DNA-binding activity. The homeodomain subdomain of OTF-1 that interacts with VP16 is also critical for GR interaction. In vivo reporter assays, nuclear extract DNA-binding assay, in vitro incubation with purified GR, chemical cross-linking and immunoprecipitation Molecular and cellular biology High 1406672
1998 OTF-1 (POU2F1) can bind its cognate site on the MMTV promoter assembled into an H3/H4 tetramer particle but cannot access the same site on a full histone octamer particle. SWI/SNF complex remodels the octamer particle to a tetramer-like state in an ATP-dependent manner, enabling OTF-1 binding. Chromatin reconstitution with recombinant histones, site-directed hydroxyl radical mapping, factor-binding assays on nucleosomal templates, SWI/SNF remodeling assay Journal of molecular biology High 9614938
2006 Oct-1 (Pou2f1) acts as a co-factor for Sox2 during mouse lens and nasal placode induction. Genetic combination of Sox2 and Pou2f1 hypomorphic alleles causes impaired lens placode induction and complete failure of nasal placode induction. Oct-1 and Sox2 cooperatively bind composite Sox/Octamer sites in the Pax6 lens ectoderm enhancer to drive transactivation, and these same sites are required for enhancer activity in transgenic mice. Genetic epistasis (compound heterozygous mouse mutants), in vitro transactivation assay, transgenic enhancer analysis in mice Developmental biology High 17140559
2013 Oct1/Pou2f1 is modified by O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) at positions T255 and S728. Under anchorage-independent overgrowth conditions, O-GlcNAcylation correlates with 3-fold increased Oct1 binding to the Gadd45a promoter, transcriptional repression of Gadd45a, reduced association with lamin B1, and reduced nuclear periphery puncta. The O-GlcNAc sites are required for both Gadd45a repression under overgrowth and Gadd45a activation upon acute starvation, and for anchorage-independent survival. Specific ubiquitination sites on Oct1 were also identified. O-GlcNAc site mapping, ChIP assay, site-directed mutagenesis of modification sites, FRAP/localization imaging, functional reporter assays FASEB journal High 23580612
2015 In gastric cancer cells, the ACK1 kinase phosphorylates AKT at Thr308 and Ser473, activating the AKT pathway which up-regulates POU2F1, which in turn directly binds the ECD promoter to drive ECD transcription. ECD silencing blocks ACK1-induced EMT, migration, and invasion, placing POU2F1 as a transcriptional effector downstream of ACK1/AKT in this signalling axis. SILAC proteomics, promoter binding assay, knockdown/overexpression functional assays, in vivo metastasis model, phosphorylation analysis The Journal of pathology Medium 25678401
2017 POU2F1 directly binds the CTHRC1 promoter and activates its transcription; HPV E6/E7 proteins regulate CTHRC1 expression via an E6/E7-p53-POU2F1 axis in cervical cancer, and CTHRC1 promotes invasion by activating the Wnt/PCP signaling pathway. Promoter binding/reporter assays, gain/loss-of-function, in vitro invasion assay, in vivo metastasis model Scientific reports Medium 28303973
2017 POU2F1 is regulated upstream by the AKT pathway in hepatocellular carcinoma cells, and POU2F1 overexpression reverses the inhibition of malignant phenotypes (proliferation, EMT, migration, invasion) caused by AKT knockdown, positioning POU2F1 as a key downstream effector of AKT. POU2F1 induces transcription of EMT genes Twist1, Snai1, Snai2, and ZEB1. Knockdown/overexpression epistasis, Western blotting, in vitro functional assays Oncotarget Medium 28489585
2017 POU2F1 directly binds the promoters of fibrosis repressors IL1R2, CD69, and TGIF2 (shown by ChIP) in cardiac fibroblasts and represses their expression. Pathological substrate stiffness upregulates POU2F1, which promotes cardiac fibroblast differentiation into myofibroblasts; POU2F1 knockdown upregulates these repressors and attenuates differentiation. ChIP assay, knockdown/overexpression on polyacrylamide hydrogels and in mouse MI tissue, immunofluorescence, Western blotting Science China. Life sciences Medium 32617828
2017 POU2F1 is methylation-sensitive in its DNA binding at the HSP70 promoter: hypermethylation of a distal HSP70 promoter region reduces POU2F1 binding and reduces recruitment of the NuRD chromatin-remodeling complex, resulting in higher histone H3 acetylation at the HSP70 promoter. In vitro methylation-transcription assay, in vivo MeDIP, chromatin immunoprecipitation (POU2F1 and NuRD complex), histone acetylation analysis Journal of neurochemistry Medium 28278364
2019 Oct1/Pou2f1 deletion in mouse colon blocks recovery from dextran sodium sulfate-induced damage and impairs organoid passaging, but preserves homeostasis. In a carcinogen-induced colon cancer model, Oct1 loss severely restricts tumorigenicity, while in an Apc-LOH model, Oct1 loss progressively increases tumor burden. Oct1 ChIP-seq identifies direct target genes associated with mitotic stability, metabolism, and stress response. Conditional gene deletion in mouse colon, organoid assays, DSS treatment model, chemical carcinogenesis model, Apc-LOH model, ChIP-seq PLoS genetics High 31059499
2020 In developing mouse retina, Pou2f1 induces Pou2f2 expression; Pou2f2 then binds a POU motif in the Nrl (rod-inducing factor) promoter to repress its expression, thereby controlling the temporal window of cone photoreceptor production. Forced sustained Pou2f1/2 expression expands cone production; conditional inactivation of Pou2f2 increases Nrl and reduces cones. Pou2f1 is part of a cross-regulatory cascade with temporal factors Ikzf1 and Casz1. Retroviral misexpression, conditional knockout, promoter binding assay (POU motif in Nrl promoter), genetic epistasis Development High 32878923
2021 POU2F1 directly binds the promoter of TTC3-AS1 (by ChIP and DNA-affinity precipitation) and activates its transcription in gastric cancer cells. TTC3-AS1 knockdown neutralizes the pro-tumor effects of POU2F1 overexpression in vitro and in mouse GC models, placing TTC3-AS1 downstream of POU2F1. ChIP assay, DNA-affinity precipitation, luciferase reporter assay, knockdown/overexpression, in vivo mouse model Journal of oncology Medium 34257651
2021 POU2F1 directly binds and suppresses the NPR3 promoter (primarily at the -900 to -800 bp region), as shown by dual-luciferase reporter and site-directed mutagenesis assays. POU2F1 over-expression enhances cell proliferation and activates the PI3K/AKT pathway, effects reversed by NPR3 overexpression. Dual-luciferase reporter assay, site-directed mutagenesis, knockdown/overexpression, in vivo xenograft Cellular signalling Medium 34229087
2021 POU2F1 autoregulates its own gene through two mechanisms: it acts via negative feedback on the ubiquitous (U) promoter through low-affinity binding sites, and via positive feedback on the tissue-specific (L) promoter through high-affinity canonical Oct sites. Knockdown activates the U promoter and downregulates the L promoter; overexpression has opposite effects. Binding confirmed by ChIP and EMSA. ChIP, EMSA, promoter reporter assay, knockdown/overexpression in Namalwa cells Molekuliarnaia biologiia Medium 34837701
2021 POU2F1 activates transcription of CRK, which in turn promotes PD-L1 expression in lung cancer cells. POU2F1 overexpression increases PD-L1 surface expression; knockdown of POU2F1 reduces PD-L1 and enhances anti-PD-1 efficacy in a mouse tumor model. Luciferase reporter assay (CRK promoter), overexpression/knockdown, flow cytometry, immunofluorescence, in vivo mouse tumor model with anti-PD-1 American journal of translational research Medium 33594317
2022 POU2F1 directly binds the ALDOA promoter (by ChIP and luciferase assay) to enhance ALDOA expression, thereby promoting aerobic glycolysis, the pentose phosphate pathway, and oxaliplatin resistance in colon cancer cells. ChIP assay, dual-luciferase reporter assay, knockdown/overexpression functional assays, metabolic flux measurements Oncogene Medium 34997215
2022 C/EBPβ is a transcriptional activator of POU2F1, as confirmed by dual-luciferase reporter assay. Exercise training activates AMPK, which suppresses C/EBPβ, thereby reducing POU2F1 expression and attenuating Ang II-induced cardiac fibrosis in vivo. POU2F1 overexpression in vivo nullifies the cardioprotective effect of exercise. Dual-luciferase reporter assay, in vivo adeno-associated virus overexpression, AMPK agonist/inhibitor pharmacology, RNA sequencing Journal of sport and health science Medium 36374849
2023 In spinal dorsal horn neurons, POU2F1 binds to the DNMT3a promoter and activates its transcription; oxaliplatin treatment upregulates POU2F1, leading to increased DNMT3a expression, hypermethylation of the Lrfn4 promoter, and decreased LRFN4 expression, which mediates mechanical allodynia and cold hyperalgesia. Intrathecal POU2F1 siRNA prevents DNMT3a upregulation and LRFN4 downregulation. ChIP assay (POU2F1 on DNMT3a promoter), MeDIP, qPCR, siRNA knockdown in vivo, behavioral pain assays Neurochemical research Medium 37592110
2024 TRIM21 E3 ubiquitin ligase directly interacts with POU2F1 and induces K48-linked ubiquitination at K272 of POU2F1, leading to its proteasomal degradation. DADS treatment promotes this K272 ubiquitination by upregulating TRIM21 via attenuation of PI3K/AKT signaling. Reduced POU2F1 impairs PPP flux and PRPP production, enhancing DNA damage and apoptosis in CRC cells. Co-immunoprecipitation, ubiquitination site mapping, K272 mutagenesis, TRIM21 knockdown/overexpression, PI3K signaling manipulation, in vivo tumor model International journal of biological sciences High 38385081
2019 POU2F1 protein directly binds the -713 to -703 bp region of the Slc7a11 promoter to inhibit its transcriptional activity, as shown by dual-luciferase reporter and site-directed mutagenesis assays in rabbit melanocytes. Dual-luciferase reporter assay, site-directed mutagenesis, rabbit melanocyte culture, knockdown/overexpression International journal of molecular sciences Medium 31137576
2014 POU2F1 consensus binding sites within the 5' DNA of HOXD10 and HOXD11 are required for optimal promoter activity (by luciferase reporter), and POU2F1 knockdown significantly reduces HOXD10 and HOXD11 expression and inhibits HNSCC cell proliferation. Luciferase reporter assay with mutant POU2F1 binding sites, siRNA knockdown, proliferation and invasion assays Oncotarget Medium 25301728
2020 In gastric cancer, POU2F1 directly binds to POU2F1 binding sites within both the miR-4490 promoter (repressing miR-4490 transcription) and the USP22 promoter (activating USP22 transcription), as confirmed by ChIP and dual-luciferase reporter assays. POU2F1 promotes GC proliferation and EMT-induced metastasis through this axis. ChIP assay, dual-luciferase reporter assay, ISH, IHC, flow cytometry, in vitro/in vivo functional assays Cellular oncology Medium 32857323
2021 POU2F1 binds the FAM201A promoter and transcriptionally activates it, forming a positive feedback loop with miR-146a-5p: FAM201A sponges miR-146a-5p to upregulate POU2F1, and POU2F1 in turn drives FAM201A transcription. Confirmed by ChIP and luciferase reporter assay in chondrocytes. ChIP assay, luciferase reporter assay, miRNA sponge assay, IL-1β chondrocyte injury model Molecular medicine reports Medium 34796909
2022 POU2F1 directly binds and activates the promoter of TTC3-AS1 in gastric cancer (confirmed by ChIP and DNA-affinity precipitation), and LINC01564 lncRNA binds the 3'UTR of POU2F1 mRNA to stabilize it (confirmed by RIP and RNA pulldown), forming a positive regulatory loop. RIP, RNA pulldown, ChIP assay, MTT, invasion/clonogenic assay, in vivo metastasis model Journal of translational medicine Medium 35562740
2021 A CHD-associated SNP rs492554 and linked SNP rs12406992 map within a POU2F1 binding motif in the SESN2 regulatory region; the protective T allele shows preferential binding affinity to POU2F1 by EMSA and luciferase assay. POU2F1 knockdown suppresses luciferase expression driven by the T-C haplotype, demonstrating POU2F1 acts as an allele-specific transcriptional activator of SESN2. EMSA, luciferase reporter assay, POU2F1 knockdown, eQTL analysis Frontiers in cell and developmental biology Medium 34249922
2024 POU2F1 directly binds the miR-29b1/a cluster promoter (shown by ChIP and luciferase) to repress miR-29b-3p and miR-29a-3p transcription. This elevates PIK3R1 and PIK3R3 (direct targets of these miRNAs), activating PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling to promote gastric cancer cell invasion and metastasis. Co-immunoprecipitation demonstrated PIK3R1-PIK3R3 interaction. ChIP assay, luciferase reporter assay, co-immunoprecipitation, Transwell invasion assay, in vivo metastasis model, miRNA/target validation Chinese medical journal Medium 39183556
2019 The nucleotide sequence and position of substitutions at PORE (palindromic octamer-related element) and MORE (more PORE) sites determines whether Oct-1/POU2F1 binds as a monomer, homodimer, or multimer. Specific substitutions suppress dimer formation while others stimulate it, demonstrating that DNA sequence conformation of the binding site controls the character of POU2F1-DNA interaction. EMSA with nucleotide substitution series in PORE/MORE sites Molekuliarnaia biologiia Medium 31184608
1994 OTF-1 (POU2F1) and NFI binding sites on the stably integrated MMTV LTR are permanently occupied in vivo in NIH3T3 and GR cells that exhibit hormone-independent MMTV expression, as shown by in vivo DMS footprinting, with guanine contacts identical to those identified by in vitro methylation interference. In vivo dimethyl sulfate (DMS) footprinting, in vitro methylation interference assay Cellular & molecular biology research Medium 7787882
2024 Bovine Oct1/POU2F1 acts as a pro-viral factor for BoHV-1 replication: CRISPR/Cas9 Oct1 knockout in MDBK cells significantly reduces viral gene expression (all three temporal gene classes) and viral replication, a phenotype rescued by re-expression of wild-type Oct1. CRISPR/Cas9 knockout, viral infection at high and low MOI, viral gene expression analysis, rescue overexpression Viruses Medium 39459888
2025 POU2F1 directly activates LDHA transcription in pituitary adenoma cells (confirmed by dual-luciferase reporter and ChIP assays), promoting proliferation, invasion, migration, sphere formation, and aerobic glycolysis. LDHA overexpression ameliorates PI3K/AKT pathway inactivation induced by POU2F1 silencing, placing POU2F1 upstream of LDHA and PI3K/AKT. Dual-luciferase reporter assay, ChIP assay, knockdown/overexpression, in vivo xenograft Brain research Medium 40819704
2026 POU2F1 promotes chemoresistance in colorectal cancer by stimulating MCT4 expression, thereby reducing cytosolic lactate and decreasing lactylation of PPP1R11. Reduced PPP1R11 lactylation destabilizes PPP1R11 E3 ligase activity, preventing MDR2 ubiquitination and degradation, thus stabilizing MDR2 and conferring chemoresistance. Knockdown/overexpression, MCT4 and PPP1R11 lactylation assays, MDR2 ubiquitination assay, in vivo tumor model Advanced science Medium 41793212
2026 POU2F1 directly activates transcription of DHCR24 and ELOVL2 (confirmed by ChIP and luciferase assays), driving cholesterol biosynthesis and lipid metabolic remodeling in endometrial cancer. POU2F1 knockdown reduces DHCR24 and ELOVL2 levels, proliferation, migration, and invasion, effects reversed by DHCR24/ELOVL2 restoration. ChIP assay, luciferase reporter assay, knockdown/overexpression, xenograft model Cancer & metabolism Medium 41947242
2026 USP18 deubiquitinase stabilizes POU2F1 by removing its ubiquitin chains; the lncRNA ABHD11-AS1 suppresses USP18 translation by binding EIF4E and disrupting its phase separation, leading to increased POU2F1 ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation in CRC cells. Co-immunoprecipitation, ubiquitination assay, EIF4E phase separation assay, siRNA knockdown, Western blotting International journal of biological sciences Medium 42157946

Source papers

Stage 0 corpus · 68 papers · ranked by NIH iCite citations
Year Title Journal Citations PMID
1987 Purification and characterization of OTF-1, a transcription factor regulating cell cycle expression of a human histone H2b gene. Cell 472 3677172
1988 A herpesvirus trans-activating protein interacts with transcription factor OTF-1 and other cellular proteins. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 361 2842768
1991 Ubiquitous transcription factor OTF-1 mediates induction of the MMTV promoter through synergistic interaction with hormone receptors. Cell 202 1846780
1988 Transcription factor OTF-1 is functionally identical to the DNA replication factor NF-III. Science (New York, N.Y.) 192 3413485
2016 Long non-coding RNA TUG1 contributes to tumorigenesis of human osteosarcoma by sponging miR-9-5p and regulating POU2F1 expression. Tumour biology : the journal of the International Society for Oncodevelopmental Biology and Medicine 114 27658774
1989 Distamycins inhibit the binding of OTF-1 and NFE-1 transfactors to their conserved DNA elements. Nucleic acids research 110 2922260
2022 The POU2F1-ALDOA axis promotes the proliferation and chemoresistance of colon cancer cells by enhancing glycolysis and the pentose phosphate pathway activity. Oncogene 108 34997215
1990 Cooperative interactions between transcription factors Sp1 and OTF-1. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 105 2191301
1990 Activation of octamer-containing promoters by either octamer-binding transcription factor 1 (OTF-1) or OTF-2 and requirement of an additional B-cell-specific component for optimal transcription of immunoglobulin promoters. Molecular and cellular biology 102 2123291
2006 Sox2 and Pou2f1 interact to control lens and olfactory placode development. Developmental biology 94 17140559
1992 Functional interference between the ubiquitous and constitutive octamer transcription factor 1 (OTF-1) and the glucocorticoid receptor by direct protein-protein interaction involving the homeo subdomain of OTF-1. Molecular and cellular biology 88 1406672
1991 Chromosomal location of the octamer transcription factors, Otf-1, Otf-2, and Otf-3, defines multiple Otf-3-related sequences dispersed in the mouse genome. Genomics 75 1676977
2015 ACK1 promotes gastric cancer epithelial-mesenchymal transition and metastasis through AKT-POU2F1-ECD signalling. The Journal of pathology 70 25678401
2017 E6/E7-P53-POU2F1-CTHRC1 axis promotes cervical cancer metastasis and activates Wnt/PCP pathway. Scientific reports 58 28303973
2020 Pou2f1 and Pou2f2 cooperate to control the timing of cone photoreceptor production in the developing mouse retina. Development (Cambridge, England) 53 32878923
1998 The mouse mammary tumour virus promoter positioned on a tetramer of histones H3 and H4 binds nuclear factor 1 and OTF1. Journal of molecular biology 49 9614938
2016 miR-449a promotes liver cancer cell apoptosis by downregulation of Calpain 6 and POU2F1. Oncotarget 48 26375440
2014 POU2F1 activity regulates HOXD10 and HOXD11 promoting a proliferative and invasive phenotype in head and neck cancer. Oncotarget 45 25301728
2020 lncRNA CRNDE promotes the proliferation and metastasis by acting as sponge miR-539-5p to regulate POU2F1 expression in HCC. BMC cancer 40 32252678
2017 Methyl CpG level at distal part of heat-shock protein promoter HSP70 exhibits epigenetic memory for heat stress by modulating recruitment of POU2F1-associated nucleosome-remodeling deacetylase (NuRD) complex. Journal of neurochemistry 38 28278364
2019 Oct1/Pou2f1 is selectively required for colon regeneration and regulates colon malignancy. PLoS genetics 32 31059499
2017 POU2F1 promotes growth and metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma through the FAT1 signaling pathway. American journal of cancer research 28 28861323
1993 Chromosomal structure and expression of the human OTF1 locus encoding the Oct-1 protein. Genomics 28 8314572
2021 LncRNA NEAT1 Promotes Inflammatory Response in Sepsis via the miR-31-5p/POU2F1 Axis. Inflammation 25 33710444
2022 Exercise training attenuates angiotensin II-induced cardiac fibrosis by reducing POU2F1 expression. Journal of sport and health science 24 36374849
2017 POU2F1 over-expression correlates with poor prognoses and promotes cell growth and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in hepatocellular carcinoma. Oncotarget 24 28489585
2013 Regulation of Oct1/Pou2f1 transcription activity by O-GlcNAcylation. FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology 24 23580612
2021 NPR3, transcriptionally regulated by POU2F1, inhibits osteosarcoma cell growth through blocking the PI3K/AKT pathway. Cellular signalling 22 34229087
2020 Pathological matrix stiffness promotes cardiac fibroblast differentiation through the POU2F1 signaling pathway. Science China. Life sciences 22 32617828
2019 LncRNA SND1-IT1 accelerates the proliferation and migration of osteosarcoma via sponging miRNA-665 to upregulate POU2F1. European review for medical and pharmacological sciences 22 31799644
1991 The constitutively expressed octamer binding protein OTF-1 and a novel octamer binding protein expressed specifically in cervical cells bind to an octamer-related sequence in the human papillomavirus 16 enhancer. Nucleic acids research 22 1653419
2019 Slc7a11 Modulated by POU2F1 is Involved in Pigmentation in Rabbit. International journal of molecular sciences 21 31137576
2010 Association of the POU class 2 homeobox 1 gene (POU2F1) with susceptibility to Type 2 diabetes in Chinese populations. Diabetic medicine : a journal of the British Diabetic Association 19 21059098
2022 The interaction between long non-coding RNA LINC01564 and POU2F1 promotes the proliferation and metastasis of gastric cancer. Journal of translational medicine 17 35562740
1993 Differential inhibition of the DNA binding of transcription factors NF kappa B and OTF-1 by nitrogen mustard and quinacrine mustard: transcriptional implications. Carcinogenesis 17 8403225
2022 SOX12 Promotes Thyroid Cancer Cell Proliferation and Invasion by Regulating the Expression of POU2F1 and POU3F1. Yonsei medical journal 15 35619584
2024 Diallyl disulfide induces DNA damage and growth inhibition in colorectal cancer cells by promoting POU2F1 ubiquitination. International journal of biological sciences 14 38385081
2020 The POU2F1/miR-4490/USP22 axis regulates cell proliferation and metastasis in gastric cancer. Cellular oncology (Dordrecht, Netherlands) 13 32857323
2021 POU2F1 induces the immune escape in lung cancer by up-regulating PD-L1. American journal of translational research 12 33594317
1991 Transcription factor OTF-1 interacts with two distinct DNA elements in the A gamma-globin gene promoter. Biochemistry 12 2007132
2020 Characterization of POU2F1 Gene and Its Potential Impact on the Expression of Genes Involved in Fur Color Formation in Rex Rabbit. Genes 10 32443864
2024 POU2F1 inhibits miR-29b1/a cluster-mediated suppression of PIK3R1 and PIK3R3 expression to regulate gastric cancer cell invasion and migration. Chinese medical journal 9 39183556
2022 Heme-Peroxidase 2 Modulated by POU2F1 and SOX5 is Involved in Pigmentation in Pacific Oyster (Crassostrea gigas). Marine biotechnology (New York, N.Y.) 9 35275290
2021 POU2F1 Promotes Cell Viability and Tumor Growth in Gastric Cancer through Transcriptional Activation of lncRNA TTC3-AS1. Journal of oncology 8 34257651
2021 Positive feedback loop of lncRNA FAM201A/miR‑146a‑5p/POU2F1 regulates IL‑1β‑induced chondrocyte injury in vitro. Molecular medicine reports 8 34796909
2014 Genetic association of IDE, POU2F1, PON1, IL1α and IL1β with type 2 diabetes in Pakistani population. Molecular biology reports 8 24477584
1995 The human OTF1 locus which overlaps the CD3Z gene is located at 1q22-->q23. Cytogenetics and cell genetics 7 7842742
2023 POU2F1/DNMT3a Pathway Participates in Neuropathic Pain by Hypermethylation-Mediated LRFN4 Downregulation Following Oxaliplatin Treatment. Neurochemical research 5 37592110
2024 Bovine Transcription Factor POU Class 2 Homeobox 1 (POU2F1/Oct1) Protein Promotes BoHV-1 Replication in MDBK Cells. Viruses 3 39459888
2021 A Functional Variant Rs492554 Associated With Congenital Heart Defects Modulates SESN2 Expression Through POU2F1. Frontiers in cell and developmental biology 3 34249922
2020 Structural facets of POU2F1 in light of the functional annotations and sequence-structure patterns. Journal of biomolecular structure & dynamics 3 32081083
2023 High expression of transcription factor POU2F1 confers improved survival on smokers with lung adenocarcinoma: a retrospective study of two cohorts. Translational lung cancer research 2 37197633
2021 [POU2F1 (Oct-1) Differently Autoregulates the Alternative Promoters of Its Own Gene by Binding to Different Regulatory Sites]. Molekuliarnaia biologiia 2 34837701
2019 [Multiple Interactions of the Oct-1 (POU2F1) Transcription Factor with PORE and MORE Sites]. Molekuliarnaia biologiia 2 31184608
1994 In vivo binding of proteins to stably integrated MMTV DNA in murine cell lines: occupancy of NFI and OTF1 binding sites in the absence and presence of glucocorticoids. Cellular & molecular biology research 2 7787882
2022 The Emergence of a New Isoform of POU2F1 in Primates through the Use of Egoistic Mobile Genetic Elements. Doklady. Biochemistry and biophysics 1 35538289
2021 GSK3 Kinase Inhibitor, CHIR, Suppress Transcription of Tissue Specific POU2F1 Isoform in Burkitt Namalwa Lymphoma Cells. Doklady. Biochemistry and biophysics 1 33689071
1994 Identification of a marsupial OTF1 gene: cross-species STS analysis and in situ cross-hybridization to Macropus eugenii chromosomes 3/4 and 5. Cytogenetics and cell genetics 1 8258303
2026 POU2F1 Promotes Chemoresistance in Colorectal Cancer Cells via Attenuates the MDR2 Degradation Mediated by PPP1R11 Lactylation. Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) 0 41793212
2026 Isoimperatorin suppresses triple-negative breast cancer by modulating miR-874-3p/POU2F1 axis: a new avenue for metabolic and redox intervention. Biological research 0 41821073
2026 POU2F1 drives cholesterol biosynthesis and lipid remodeling through the DHCR24/ELOVL2 axis in endometrial cancer. Cancer & metabolism 0 41947242
2026 Exosomal miR-199a-3p From Dermal Papilla Cells Regulates Hair Follicle Pigmentation by Targeting POU2F1 in Melanocytes. FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology 0 41948944
2026 Upregulated lncRNA XIST drives trophoblast dysfunction through targeting miR-545-5p/POU2F1 axis in recurrent spontaneous abortion. American journal of translational research 0 42007150
2026 Preliminary Study on the Mechanism of Arctigenin in Alleviating Osteoarthritis Pain by Suppressing Chondrocyte Pyroptosis: The Potential Role of the POU2F1/GRB10 Axis. Chemical biology & drug design 0 42041039
2026 EBNA1 inhibitors reveal CDC7 and POU2F1 as direct functional targets in EBV epithelial cancers. mBio 0 42132380
2026 ABHD11-AS1 Suppresses Colorectal Cancer Progression by Disrupting EIF4E-mediated POU2F1 Ubiquitination. International journal of biological sciences 0 42157946
2025 POU2F1 facilitates the malignant phenotypes and aerobic glycolysis of pituitary adenoma by activating LDHA transcription. Brain research 0 40819704
2025 Laminar double hydroxide-loaded miR-654-3p targets POU2F1-mediated metabolic reprogramming against colorectal cancer. Bioorganic chemistry 0 41260064

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