Affinage

ALDH3A2

Aldehyde dehydrogenase family 3 member A2 · UniProt P51648

Length
485 aa
Mass
54.8 kDa
Annotated
2026-06-09
69 papers in source corpus 14 papers cited in narrative 14 extracted findings
Cross-family judge vs UniProt: tie faithfulness: 6/6 claims corpus-supported (100%)

Mechanistic narrative

Synthesis pass · prose summary of the discoveries below

ALDH3A2 encodes a fatty aldehyde dehydrogenase (FALDH) that oxidizes long-chain and reactive aliphatic aldehydes derived from lipid metabolism, a function established directly by expression of missense mutants that abolish aldehyde-oxidizing activity (PMID:15931689, PMID:34082469). The catalytic center maps to defined structural domains, with mutations in the catalytic domain and at the C-terminal α-helix governing substrate gating producing profound loss of activity (PMID:15241804, PMID:34082469). A central physiological role of this activity is detoxification of reactive lipid peroxidation products: in adipocytes FALDH clears 4-hydroxynonenal and prevents HNE-IRS adduct formation, restoring insulin signaling through PI3K/PKB (PMID:18174527), and in keratinocytes its loss impairs sphingolipid long-chain base metabolism, drives oxidative stress gene induction, keratinocyte hyperproliferation, and delayed skin barrier recovery (PMID:27053112). ALDH3A2 expression is transcriptionally controlled: it is induced by the pan-PPAR agonist bezafibrate, indicating PPARα-mediated regulation (PMID:16837225), and is activated during mesendoderm differentiation of human embryonic stem cells by Activin/Smad2 and Wnt/β-catenin signaling via FOXH1 recruitment following EZH2-dependent H3K27me3 reduction, with its knockdown attenuating differentiation (PMID:30282636). Across multiple cancer contexts ALDH3A2 modulates lipid handling and redox balance to control proliferation and ferroptosis: it limits ferroptosis sensitivity in ovarian cancer (PMID:37247796), suppresses tumor progression in gastric cancer by blocking NRF2 nuclear translocation to downregulate SLC47A1 and the UPRmt, lowering GPX4 and promoting lipid peroxidation and ferroptosis (PMID:41444219), suppresses glycolysis and proliferation in pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PMID:40618980), and conversely promotes lipid accumulation and EMT in renal and triple-negative breast cancer cells through PI3K-AKT and AMPK/mTOR/SREBP1 signaling (PMID:38039946, PMID:41413590). The gene structure comprises 10 exons under a TATA-less, GC-rich promoter with Sp1/AP-2 sites and produces alternatively spliced and differentially polyadenylated transcripts (PMID:9027499, PMID:9070922).

Mechanistic history

Synthesis pass · year-by-year structured walk · 8 steps
  1. 1997 Medium

    Defining the ALDH3A2 gene architecture and promoter established how the enzyme is transcribed and that splicing diversity could generate isoforms with altered membrane association.

    Evidence Genomic sequencing, in vitro transcription, nuclear extract binding, S1/primer extension, and Northern/RT-PCR analysis

    PMID:9027499 PMID:9070922

    Open questions at the time
    • Functional consequence of the alternatively spliced isoform on membrane binding not directly tested
    • Identity of GC-box-binding factors beyond Sp1/AP-2 not resolved
  2. 2005 High

    Expression of disease-associated missense mutants confirmed that the encoded protein is a catalytically active long-chain fatty aldehyde dehydrogenase whose activity is lost by point mutation.

    Evidence Expression of missense mutants with enzyme activity assays in cultured fibroblasts

    PMID:15241804 PMID:15931689

    Open questions at the time
    • Full substrate spectrum not enumerated by these assays
    • Structural basis of activity loss inferred rather than crystallographically resolved
  3. 2008 High

    Adipocyte rescue experiments showed the enzyme's biological purpose includes detoxifying the lipid peroxidation product HNE, linking FALDH activity to preservation of insulin signaling.

    Evidence Adenoviral FALDH overexpression in 3T3-L1 adipocytes with HNE-IRS adduct detection and kinase/metabolic readouts

    PMID:18174527

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether endogenous FALDH levels are rate-limiting for HNE clearance in vivo not addressed
    • Quantitative contribution relative to other aldehyde-detoxifying enzymes unclear
  4. 2006 Medium

    Pharmacologic induction by bezafibrate placed ALDH3A2 transcription under PPARα control, suggesting a route to restore activity in deficient cells.

    Evidence Enzyme activity and mRNA measurement in control and SLS patient fibroblasts after bezafibrate treatment

    PMID:16837225

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct PPARα binding to the promoter not demonstrated
    • Partial (~37%) activity restoration in mutant cells leaves clinical relevance uncertain
  5. 2016 High

    A knockout mouse defined ALDH3A2 as the dominant keratinocyte FALDH and connected its loss to disrupted sphingolipid metabolism, oxidative stress, hyperproliferation, and barrier dysfunction.

    Evidence Aldh3a2(-/-) mouse with keratinocyte enzyme assays, lipid metabolite profiling, transepidermal water loss, and gene expression analysis

    PMID:27053112

    Open questions at the time
    • Molecular link between long-chain base accumulation and hyperproliferation not fully dissected
    • Specific oxidative-stress effectors driving the phenotype not identified
  6. 2018 Medium

    Identifying ALDH3A2 as an Activin/Wnt-FOXH1 target downstream of H3K27me3 remodeling extended its role from lipid detoxification to a requirement for mesendoderm differentiation.

    Evidence siRNA knockdown in differentiating hESCs with H3K27me3 ChIP, reporter assays, and co-immunoprecipitation

    PMID:30282636

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether ALDH3A2's enzymatic activity is required for differentiation not separated from a non-catalytic role
    • Downstream metabolic targets in differentiation unknown
  7. 2023 Medium

    Genetic manipulation in renal and ovarian cancer cells revealed ALDH3A2 as a modulator of lipid metabolism and ferroptosis sensitivity with context-dependent tumor effects.

    Evidence Knockout/overexpression and miR-1182 axis manipulation with ferroptosis assays, RNA-seq, PI3K-AKT readouts, and lipid accumulation assays

    PMID:37247796 PMID:38039946

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct enzymatic substrate driving ferroptosis sensitivity not pinpointed
    • Single cell-line systems per tumor type
  8. 2025 Medium

    Mechanistic cancer studies positioned ALDH3A2 at lipid-redox control nodes—NRF2/GPX4/UPRmt, glycolytic flux, and AMPK/mTOR/SREBP1—with opposing pro- or anti-tumor outcomes by tissue.

    Evidence Overexpression/knockdown with rescue epistasis (GPX4, UPRmt, mTOR inhibition), lipidomics, glycolytic enzyme blots, macrophage co-culture, and xenograft/metastasis models

    PMID:40618980 PMID:41413590 PMID:41444219

    Open questions at the time
    • How a single aldehyde dehydrogenase produces opposite tumor effects across tissues mechanistically unreconciled
    • Whether signaling effects require catalytic activity versus aldehyde substrate flux not isolated
    • Each axis shown in a single lab/model

Open questions

Synthesis pass · forward-looking unresolved questions
  • It remains unresolved how ALDH3A2 catalytic aldehyde clearance is mechanistically coupled to the divergent NRF2, AMPK/mTOR, PI3K-AKT, and glycolytic signaling outcomes reported across tissues.
  • No unifying model linking enzymatic substrate flux to the multiple downstream signaling axes
  • No structural data on substrate gating in the corpus
  • Catalytic-dead mutant tests of signaling roles absent

Mechanism profile

Synthesis pass · controlled-vocabulary classification · explore literature graph →
Molecular activity
GO:0016491 oxidoreductase activity 4 GO:0016787 hydrolase activity 2
Pathway
R-HSA-1430728 Metabolism 4 R-HSA-5357801 Programmed Cell Death 2 R-HSA-74160 Gene expression (Transcription) 2

Evidence

Reading pass · 14 per-paper findings extracted from the source corpus
Year Finding Method Journal Conf PMIDs
1997 The ALDH3A2 (FALDH) gene consists of 10 exons spanning ~30.5 kb with a TATA-less promoter; GC-rich sequences surrounding the transcription initiation site interact with proteins in HeLa nuclear extracts and promote transcription in vitro. An alternatively spliced mRNA was detected that encodes an enzyme isoform likely to have altered membrane-binding properties. Genomic sequencing, in vitro transcription assay, nuclear extract binding, Northern blot, RT-PCR Genomics Medium 9027499
1997 The ALDH3A2 gene spans ~31 kb with 10 exons and 9 introns; transcription initiates 195 nt upstream of the ATG codon from a TATA-less promoter containing Sp1 and AP-2 binding sites. Two mRNA species (~4.0 and ~2.0 kb) arise from differential use of two polyadenylation sites. Expression is highest in liver and skeletal muscle. S1 nuclease protection, primer extension, Northern blot, sequence analysis Genomics Medium 9070922
2005 FALDH (ALDH3A2) catalyzes the oxidation of long-chain aldehydes derived from lipid metabolism; missense mutations in the ALDH3A2 gene result in profound reduction in enzyme activity as demonstrated by expression studies, confirming the catalytic function of the encoded protein. Expression studies of missense mutants, enzyme activity assays in cultured fibroblasts Human mutation High 15931689
2004 The ALDH3A2 missense mutation c.1139G>A (Ser380Asn) in the FALDH catalytic domain results in a protein with profoundly reduced enzymatic activity when expressed in cells; splice-site mutations produce aberrant mRNA transcripts (exon skipping). Expression of mutant FALDH constructs with enzyme activity assay; RT-PCR of fibroblast RNA for splice mutations Human mutation Medium 15241804
2006 FALDH activity in human fibroblasts is induced by bezafibrate (a pan-PPAR agonist), indicating that ALDH3A2 expression is under PPARα-mediated transcriptional control; in SLS patient fibroblasts with the p.R228C mutation, bezafibrate induced FALDH activity to ~37% of control and increased FALDH mRNA ~1.8-fold. Enzyme activity assay in cultured human fibroblasts after bezafibrate treatment; mRNA quantification by Northern/RT analysis Molecular genetics and metabolism Medium 16837225
2008 FALDH (ALDH3A2) detoxifies 4-hydroxynonenal (HNE) in adipocytes; overexpression of FALDH by adenoviral infection in 3T3-L1 adipocytes reduces HNE-IRS-1/-2 adduct formation, partially restores HNE-impaired IRS-1 tyrosine phosphorylation, and rescues downstream PI3K and PKB activity and metabolic responses to insulin. Adenoviral FALDH overexpression in 3T3-L1 adipocytes; immunoprecipitation to detect HNE-IRS adducts; kinase activity assays; metabolic response assays Diabetes High 18174527
2016 In Aldh3a2 knockout mice, ALDH3A2 is the major fatty aldehyde dehydrogenase active in undifferentiated keratinocytes; its loss leads to severely impaired long-chain base (sphingolipid) metabolism, keratinocyte hyperproliferation with widened intercellular spaces in the basal epidermal layer, upregulation of oxidative stress-induced genes, and delayed skin barrier recovery after perturbation. Aldh3a2(-/-) mouse model; FALDH enzyme activity assays in keratinocytes; lipid metabolite analysis; skin barrier function measurement (transepidermal water loss); gene expression analysis The Journal of biological chemistry High 27053112
2018 During mesendoderm differentiation of human embryonic stem cells, Activin/Smad2 and Wnt/β-catenin signaling activate ALDH3A2 expression via FOXH1 recruitment to open chromatin regions following EZH2-dependent H3K27me3 reduction; knockdown of ALDH3A2 greatly attenuates mesendoderm differentiation. siRNA knockdown of ALDH3A2 in hESCs during differentiation; chromatin immunoprecipitation (H3K27me3); reporter assays; co-immunoprecipitation The Journal of biological chemistry Medium 30282636
2021 ALDH3A2 mutations in structural domains reduce or abolish FALDH enzymatic activity: mammalian expression of exon-9 mutants (p.Pro442Leu, p.Trp450Ter) confirmed profound reduction in aldehyde-oxidizing activity; p.Glu67Ter and p.Gly403Asp mutants also showed diminished aldehyde-oxidizing activity; p.Pro442Leu at the C-terminal α-helix is predicted and functionally consistent with impairment of the substrate gating process. Mammalian expression of ALDH3A2 mutant constructs; enzyme activity assays; skin biopsy histopathology Human mutation Medium 34082469
2023 Knockout of ALDH3A2 in ovarian cancer cells increases ferroptosis sensitivity, while overexpression attenuates it; ALDH3A2 knockout activates lipid metabolic, GSH metabolic, phospholipid metabolic, and aldehyde metabolic pathways as revealed by transcriptomic sequencing. ALDH3A2 knockout and overexpression in ovarian cancer cell lines; ferroptosis sensitivity assays; RNA sequencing Gene Medium 37247796
2023 ALDH3A2 is downregulated in ccRCC via miR-1182; silencing ALDH3A2 promotes lipid accumulation in ccRCC cells by activating the PI3K-AKT pathway, thereby promoting tumor progression and EMT. miR-1182 overexpression/inhibition; ALDH3A2 knockdown and overexpression; Western blot for PI3K-AKT pathway; lipid accumulation assays; in vitro functional assays Translational oncology Medium 38039946
2025 ALDH3A2 overexpression in rat pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (RPASMCs) suppresses proliferation, anti-apoptosis signaling, cell cycle progression (S+G2/M), hypoxia-induced migration, and inhibits glycolytic enzymes (HK2, PGK1) and lactate dehydrogenase, identifying ALDH3A2 as a regulator of glycolysis in these cells. ALDH3A2 overexpression in RPASMCs; proliferation, cell cycle, migration assays; Western blot for glycolytic enzymes; MCT-induced PAH rat model validation European journal of pharmacology Medium 40618980
2025 ALDH3A2 in gastric cancer suppresses tumor progression by impairing the mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt) through downregulation of SLC47A1 via blockade of NRF2 nuclear translocation, leading to mitochondrial dysfunction, GPX4 downregulation, lipid peroxidation, and ferroptosis; ALDH3A2-induced ferroptosis promotes IL-6 release driving M1 macrophage polarization with elevated IL-1β, which inhibits GC cell progression by downregulating PD-L1. ALDH3A2 overexpression/knockdown in GC cell lines; GPX4 overexpression rescue; UPRmt restoration rescue; NRF2 nuclear translocation assay; co-culture macrophage polarization assay; in vivo xenograft model Cell death & disease Medium 41444219
2025 ALDH3A2 overexpression in TNBC cells promotes migration/invasion and EMT activation; mechanistically, ALDH3A2 drives arachidonic acid (AA) enrichment and lipid accumulation, suppresses AMPK phosphorylation (via AMP/ATP imbalance), and activates mTOR/SREBP1 signaling; mTOR inhibition attenuates ALDH3A2-induced lipid metabolic alterations. ALDH3A2 overexpression/knockdown in TNBC cell lines; lipidomic profiling; Western blot for AMPK/mTOR/SREBP1; lipid droplet quantification; mTOR inhibitor rescue; murine metastasis model Breast cancer research Medium 41413590

Source papers

Stage 0 corpus · 69 papers · ranked by NIH iCite citations
Year Title Journal Citations PMID
2005 Sjögren-Larsson syndrome: diversity of mutations and polymorphisms in the fatty aldehyde dehydrogenase gene (ALDH3A2). Human mutation 98 15931689
2008 FALDH reverses the deleterious action of oxidative stress induced by lipid peroxidation product 4-hydroxynonenal on insulin signaling in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Diabetes 84 18174527
2007 Modular proteins from the Drosophila sallimus (sls) gene and their expression in muscles with different extensibility. Journal of molecular biology 84 17316686
2010 Persistent ER stress induces the spliced leader RNA silencing pathway (SLS), leading to programmed cell death in Trypanosoma brucei. PLoS pathogens 73 20107599
1995 Isolation, sequencing, and mutagenesis of the gene encoding NAD- and glutathione-dependent formaldehyde dehydrogenase (GD-FALDH) from Paracoccus denitrificans, in which GD-FALDH is essential for methylotrophic growth. Journal of bacteriology 68 7798140
1997 Genomic organization and expression of the human fatty aldehyde dehydrogenase gene (FALDH). Genomics 57 9027499
1999 Sjögren-Larsson syndrome: clinical and MRI/MRS findings in FALDH-deficient patients. Neurology 49 10227616
1996 Effect of SLS-2 spaceflight on immunologic parameters of rats. Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985) 48 8828661
2019 Multi-subtype classification model for non-small cell lung cancer based on radiomics: SLS model. Medical physics 46 31002395
2012 Amino acid residues critical for the specificity for betaine aldehyde of the plant ALDH10 isoenzyme involved in the synthesis of glycine betaine. Plant physiology 42 22345508
1998 Spectrum of mutations and sequence variants in the FALDH gene in patients with Sjögren-Larsson syndrome. Human mutation 40 9829906
1997 Human fatty aldehyde dehydrogenase gene (ALDH10): organization and tissue-dependent expression. Genomics 38 9070922
2013 Plant ALDH10 family: identifying critical residues for substrate specificity and trapping a thiohemiacetal intermediate. The Journal of biological chemistry 36 23408433
2016 Disruption of the Sjögren-Larsson Syndrome Gene Aldh3a2 in Mice Increases Keratinocyte Growth and Retards Skin Barrier Recovery. The Journal of biological chemistry 33 27053112
2015 Alteration of osa-miR156e expression affects rice plant architecture and strigolactones (SLs) pathway. Plant cell reports 33 25604991
2006 Drosophila rolling pebbles colocalises and putatively interacts with alpha-Actinin and the Sls isoform Zormin in the Z-discs of the sarcomere and with Dumbfounded/Kirre, alpha-Actinin and Zormin in the terminal Z-discs. Journal of muscle research and cell motility 33 16699917
2015 Hydrolysis-acidogenesis of food waste in solid-liquid-separating continuous stirred tank reactor (SLS-CSTR) for volatile organic acid production. Bioresource technology 32 26512860
2002 Effect of skin barrier competence on SLS and water-induced IL-1alpha expression. Experimental dermatology 32 12102660
1997 A missense mutation in the FALDH gene identified in Sjögren-Larsson syndrome patients originating from the northern part of Sweden. Human genetics 28 9254849
2012 Strigolactone analogs as molecular probes in chasing the (SLs) receptor/s: design and synthesis of fluorescent labeled molecules. Molecular plant 27 23180673
2006 Bezafibrate induces FALDH in human fibroblasts; implications for Sjögren-Larsson syndrome. Molecular genetics and metabolism 23 16837225
2004 Sjögren-Larsson syndrome: seven novel mutations in the fatty aldehyde dehydrogenase gene ALDH3A2. Human mutation 23 15241804
2020 Comprehensive in silico screening and molecular dynamics studies of missense mutations in Sjogren-Larsson syndrome associated with the ALDH3A2 gene. Advances in protein chemistry and structural biology 22 32085885
2012 Spliced leader RNA silencing (SLS) - a programmed cell death pathway in Trypanosoma brucei that is induced upon ER stress. Parasites & vectors 21 22650251
2012 Patterns of autophagy in urothelial cell carcinomas--the significance of "stone-like" structures (SLS) in transurethral resection biopsies. Urologic oncology 18 22281431
2023 Inhibit ALDH3A2 reduce ovarian cancer cells survival via elevating ferroptosis sensitivity. Gene 16 37247796
2015 Case of Sjögren-Larsson syndrome with a large deletion in the ALDH3A2 gene confirmed by single nucleotide polymorphism array analysis. The Journal of dermatology 16 25855245
1994 ANP binding sites are increased in choroid plexus of SLS-1 rats after 9 days of spaceflight. Aviation, space, and environmental medicine 15 8161323
2023 miR-1182-mediated ALDH3A2 inhibition affects lipid metabolism and progression in ccRCC by activating the PI3K-AKT pathway. Translational oncology 14 38039946
2014 Exploring the evolutionary route of the acquisition of betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase activity by plant ALDH10 enzymes: implications for the synthesis of the osmoprotectant glycine betaine. BMC plant biology 14 24884441
2007 Novel and recurrent ALDH3A2 mutations in Italian patients with Sjögren-Larsson syndrome. Journal of human genetics 14 17902024
2018 Activin/Smad2 and Wnt/β-catenin up-regulate HAS2 and ALDH3A2 to facilitate mesendoderm differentiation of human embryonic stem cells. The Journal of biological chemistry 12 30282636
1993 Norepinephrine content in discrete brain areas and neurohypophysial vasopressin in rats after a 9-d spaceflight (SLS-1). Aviation, space, and environmental medicine 12 8338496
2018 Route of Glucose Uptake in the Group a Streptococcus Impacts SLS-Mediated Hemolysis and Survival in Human Blood. Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology 11 29594067
1995 Choroidal responses in microgravity. (SLS-1, SLS-2 and hindlimb-suspension experiments). Acta astronautica 11 11540975
2023 SLS 3D Printing To Fabricate Poly(vinyl alcohol)/Hydroxyapatite Bioactive Composite Porous Scaffolds and Their Bone Defect Repair Property. ACS biomaterials science & engineering 10 37939039
2019 Phenotypic and mutational spectrum of thirty-five patients with Sjögren-Larsson syndrome: identification of eleven novel ALDH3A2 mutations and founder effects. Journal of human genetics 10 31273323
2019 Potential role of ALDH3A2 on the lipid and glucose metabolism regulated by (-)-hydroxycitric acid in chicken embryos. Animal science journal = Nihon chikusan Gakkaiho 9 31132807
2015 The response of trypanosomes and other eukaryotes to ER stress and the spliced leader RNA silencing (SLS) pathway in Trypanosoma brucei. Critical reviews in biochemistry and molecular biology 9 25985970
2004 Influence of a SLS-containing dentifrice on the anti-plaque efficacy of a chlorhexidine mouthrinse. Journal of clinical periodontology 9 15016027
2022 ALDH3A2, ODF2, QSOX2, and MicroRNA-503-5p Expression to Forecast Recurrence in TMPRSS2-ERG-Positive Prostate Cancer. International journal of molecular sciences 8 36232996
1996 Central and peripheral noradrenergic responses to 14 days of spaceflight (SLS-2) or hindlimb suspension in rats. Aviation, space, and environmental medicine 8 8725473
2019 Genetic assessment of ten Egyptian patients with Sjögren-Larsson syndrome: expanding the clinical spectrum and reporting a novel ALDH3A2 mutation. Archives of dermatological research 7 31388754
2013 A Turkish family with Sjögren-Larsson syndrome caused by a novel ALDH3A2 mutation. Annals of Indian Academy of Neurology 7 24101836
2011 Sjögren-Larsson syndrome: novel mutations in the ALDH3A2 gene in a French cohort. Journal of the neurological sciences 7 21872273
1999 Comparative effects of UW and SLS solutions on concentrative proline uptake in cold preserved rat hepatocytes. Therapie 7 10667097
2024 Evaluation of a rapid multi-attribute combinatorial high-throughput UV-Vis/DLS/SLS analytical platform for rAAV quantification and characterization. Molecular therapy. Methods & clinical development 5 39170800
2022 The plant streptolysin S (SLS)-associated gene B confers nitroaromatic tolerance and detoxification. Journal of hazardous materials 5 35364534
2022 Ultra-/Small Angle X-ray Scattering (USAXS/SAXS) and Static Light Scattering (SLS) Modeling as a Tool to Determine Structural Changes and Effect on Growth in S. epidermidis. ACS applied bio materials 5 35905477
2021 Novel ALDH3A2 mutations in structural and functional domains of FALDH causing diverse clinical phenotypes in Sjögren-Larsson syndrome patients. Human mutation 5 34082469
2010 An Indian family with Sjögren-Larsson syndrome caused by a novel ALDH3A2 mutation. International journal of dermatology 5 20883264
2023 Protective effects of extracts from Acer truncatum leaves on SLS-induced HaCaT cells. Frontiers in pharmacology 4 37007019
2025 Effects of exogenous SLs on growth and physiological characteristics of flue-cured tobacco seedlings under different degrees of drought stress. Frontiers in plant science 3 39902209
2024 3D printing modality effect: Distinct printing outcomes dependent on selective laser sintering (SLS) and melt extrusion. Journal of biomedical materials research. Part A 3 38348580
2022 Whole Genome Analysis of SLs Pathway Genes and Functional Characterization of DlSMXL6 in Longan Early Somatic Embryo Development. International journal of molecular sciences 3 36430536
2021 The Spliced Leader RNA Silencing (SLS) Pathway in Trypanosoma brucei Is Induced by Perturbations of Endoplasmic Reticulum, Golgi Complex, or Mitochondrial Protein Factors: Functional Analysis of SLS-Inducing Kinase PK3. mBio 3 34844425
2020 Compound heterozygous mutations in the ALDH3A2 gene cause Sjögren-Larsson syndrome: a case report. The International journal of neuroscience 3 31944864
2017 Identification of a novel deletion within ALDH3A2 gene in an Iranian Family with Sjögren-Larsson Syndrome. Clinical case reports 3 29375833
2012 Oxidation of fatty aldehydes to fatty acids by Escherichia coli cells expressing the Vibrio harveyi fatty aldehyde dehydrogenase (FALDH). World journal of microbiology & biotechnology 3 23180547
1998 Keratin 17 is expressed during the course of SLS-induced irritant contact dermatitis, but unlike keratin 16, the degree of expression is unrelated to the density of dividing keratinocytes. Contact dermatitis 3 9686973
2024 A Phase 2 Open Label Study of Efficacy, Safety, and Tolerability of SLS-002 (Intranasal Racemic Ketamine) in Adults with MDD at Imminent Risk of Suicide. Psychopharmacology bulletin 2 38449472
2022 Segment-Long-Spacing (SLS) and the Polymorphic Structures of Fibrillar Collagen. Sub-cellular biochemistry 2 36151387
2008 Resonance light-scattering enhancement effect of the protein-Y3+-TTA-SLS system and its analytical application. Luminescence : the journal of biological and chemical luminescence 2 18548750
2025 Bone Regeneration in SLS-Manufactured Resorbable 3D-Scaffolds-An Experimental Pilot Study in Minipigs. Polymers 1 41012261
2026 Sharper, smaller, brighter: enhanced optical performance at the X06DA-PXIII beamline after the SLS 2.0 upgrade. Journal of synchrotron radiation 0 41879511
2025 Significance of ALDH3A2, a mitochondrial metabolism and glycolysis related gene, in pulmonary arterial hypertension. European journal of pharmacology 0 40618980
2025 ALDH3A2 targets arachidonic acid to promote cell metastasis in TNBC via AMPK/m-TOR signaling pathway. Breast cancer research : BCR 0 41413590
2025 ALDH3A2 negatively orchestrates gastric cancer progression through a synergistic induction of ferroptosis and ferroptosis-driven macrophage reprogramming. Cell death & disease 0 41444219
1992 [SLS--a new type of polynucleotide chain folding]. Molekuliarnaia biologiia 0 1491672

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