- Length
- 461 aa
- Mass
- 53.3 kDa
- Annotated
- 2026-04-28
83 papers in source corpus
6 papers cited in narrative
6 extracted findings
Mechanistic narrative
Synthesis pass · prose summary of the discoveries below
Insufficient on-target evidence to synthesize a narrative — discovery timeline does not match the canonical CDS1 protein.
Mechanism profile
Synthesis pass · controlled-vocabulary classification · explore literature graph →
No controlled-vocabulary terms were assigned to this entry.
Evidence
Reading pass · 6 per-paper findings extracted from the source corpus
| Year | Finding | Method | Journal | Conf | PMIDs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1996 | The yeast CDS1 gene on chromosome II encodes CDP-diacylglycerol synthase (CDS), an integral membrane protein essential for vegetative growth and spore germination. Null cds1 mutants are inviable, and CDS1 accounts for the majority (if not all) of CDP-diacylglycerol synthase activity in S. cerevisiae. Overexpression elevates phosphatidylinositol synthesis relative to phosphatidylserine, while reduced expression has the opposite effect, demonstrating that CDS1 activity controls the flux between these two phospholipid branches. | Null mutant construction, GAL1-driven overexpression/depletion, enzymatic activity assays, phospholipid labeling | The Journal of biological chemistry | High | 8557688 |
| 2019 | In H9c2 cardiomyoblasts, sustained vasopressin-induced phospholipase C activation selectively upregulates CDS1 mRNA (not CDS2 or TAMM41) through a pathway requiring protein kinase C and the transcription factor cFos (AP-1). CDS1 and CDS2 proteins localize to the endoplasmic reticulum, while TAMM41 localizes to mitochondria. This upregulation provides a compensatory mechanism to maintain phosphatidylinositol levels during chronic PLC signaling. | Pharmacological inhibition (PKC inhibitor, AP-1 inhibitor T-5224), real-time PCR, immunoblotting for cFos, subcellular localization studies | Biochimica et biophysica acta. Molecular and cell biology of lipids | Medium | 30862571 |
| 2025 | CDS1 and CDS2 form a synthetic lethal pair: CDS2 is an essential gene specifically in cancer cells with low CDS1 expression. CDS2 knockout disrupts phosphoinositide synthesis and induces apoptosis, and re-expression of CDS1 rescues the cell fitness defect, demonstrating functional redundancy between the two CDP-diacylglycerol synthase paralogs in maintaining phosphoinositide homeostasis. | Genome-wide CRISPR-Cas9 single-gene and combinatorial paired-gene screening, CDS1 re-expression rescue assays, phosphoinositide synthesis measurement, in vivo xenograft validation | Nature genetics | High | 40615675 |
| 2025 | Loss of CDS1 in nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells reduces CDP-diacylglycerol production, leading to accumulation of intracellular lipid droplets. CDS1 re-expression suppresses cell growth, migration, invasion, and tumor formation in vivo, and promotes NF-κB pathway activation with elevated inflammatory cytokines, suggesting CDS1 suppresses NPC by modulating lipid droplet levels and tumor immunogenicity. | CDS1 knockdown and re-expression (loss-of-function/gain-of-function), colony formation assay, migration/invasion assays, in vivo tumor model, NF-κB pathway analysis, cytokine measurement | Cell adhesion & migration | Medium | 40566856 |
| 2025 | CDS1 catalyzes synthesis and secretion of CDP-diacylglycerol (CDP-DAG), which binds to transcription factor CEBPG and induces ferroptosis in myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), thereby relieving MDSC-mediated immunosuppression and enhancing cytotoxic T lymphocyte infiltration in colorectal cancer. CDP-DAG exhibits synergistic anti-tumor effects with anti-PDL1 therapy. | Bioinformatic analysis, in vitro cellular models, in vivo tumor systems, CEBPG binding assays, ferroptosis assays, immune cell profiling, combination therapy experiments | Cellular signalling | Medium | 41161459 |
| 2025 | In a mouse model of allergic asthma, bacterial cellulose downregulates epithelial CDS1 expression, resulting in decreased phosphatidylinositol (PI) and PI(4,5)P2 synthesis and suppression of PI3K/AKT signaling. CDS1 overexpression reverses these effects in vivo, confirming that CDS1-dependent PI synthesis is required to sustain PI3K/AKT pathway activity in airway epithelial cells. | Mouse asthma model, intranasal treatment, single-cell RNA sequencing, metabolomics of BALF, CDS1 overexpression in vivo, PI/PIP2 quantification, PI3K/AKT pathway analysis | International journal of biological macromolecules | Medium | 41407218 |
Source papers
Stage 0 corpus · 83 papers · ranked by NIH iCite citations
| Year | Title | Journal | Citations | PMID |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2007 | ATM and ATR substrate analysis reveals extensive protein networks responsive to DNA damage. | Science (New York, N.Y.) | 2519 | 17525332 |
| 2009 | Persistent DNA damage signalling triggers senescence-associated inflammatory cytokine secretion. | Nature cell biology | 1754 | 19597488 |
| 2002 | Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences. | Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America | 1479 | 12477932 |
| 1997 | Mitotic and G2 checkpoint control: regulation of 14-3-3 protein binding by phosphorylation of Cdc25C on serine-216. | Science (New York, N.Y.) | 1191 | 9278512 |
| 2015 | The BioPlex Network: A Systematic Exploration of the Human Interactome. | Cell | 1118 | 26186194 |
| 2005 | ATM activation by DNA double-strand breaks through the Mre11-Rad50-Nbs1 complex. | Science (New York, N.Y.) | 1109 | 15790808 |
| 1998 | Linkage of ATM to cell cycle regulation by the Chk2 protein kinase. | Science (New York, N.Y.) | 1094 | 9836640 |
| 2017 | Architecture of the human interactome defines protein communities and disease networks. | Nature | 1085 | 28514442 |
| 2000 | DNA damage-induced activation of p53 by the checkpoint kinase Chk2. | Science (New York, N.Y.) | 1050 | 10710310 |
| 2010 | The ATM-Chk2 and ATR-Chk1 pathways in DNA damage signaling and cancer. | Advances in cancer research | 1019 | 21034966 |
| 2015 | A human interactome in three quantitative dimensions organized by stoichiometries and abundances. | Cell | 1015 | 26496610 |
| 2004 | Telomere shortening triggers senescence of human cells through a pathway involving ATM, p53, and p21(CIP1), but not p16(INK4a). | Molecular cell | 1014 | 15149599 |
| 2013 | Large-scale genotyping identifies 41 new loci associated with breast cancer risk. | Nature genetics | 895 | 23535729 |
| 2002 | Low-penetrance susceptibility to breast cancer due to CHEK2(*)1100delC in noncarriers of BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations. | Nature genetics | 867 | 11967536 |
| 2001 | The ATM-Chk2-Cdc25A checkpoint pathway guards against radioresistant DNA synthesis. | Nature | 854 | 11298456 |
| 1999 | The DNA sequence of human chromosome 22. | Nature | 808 | 10591208 |
| 2000 | The human homologs of checkpoint kinases Chk1 and Cds1 (Chk2) phosphorylate p53 at multiple DNA damage-inducible sites. | Genes & development | 725 | 10673501 |
| 2021 | Dual proteome-scale networks reveal cell-specific remodeling of the human interactome. | Cell | 705 | 33961781 |
| 1999 | Heterozygous germ line hCHK2 mutations in Li-Fraumeni syndrome. | Science (New York, N.Y.) | 705 | 10617473 |
| 2000 | Ataxia telangiectasia-mutated phosphorylates Chk2 in vivo and in vitro. | Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America | 700 | 10973490 |
| 2011 | Phylogenetic-based propagation of functional annotations within the Gene Ontology consortium. | Briefings in bioinformatics | 656 | 21873635 |
| 2000 | Chk2/hCds1 functions as a DNA damage checkpoint in G(1) by stabilizing p53. | Genes & development | 618 | 10673500 |
| 2004 | Direct activation of the ATM protein kinase by the Mre11/Rad50/Nbs1 complex. | Science (New York, N.Y.) | 601 | 15064416 |
| 2017 | Associations Between Cancer Predisposition Testing Panel Genes and Breast Cancer. | JAMA oncology | 471 | 28418444 |
| 2007 | Phosphorylation of HuR by Chk2 regulates SIRT1 expression. | Molecular cell | 470 | 17317627 |
| 2003 | Chk1 regulates the S phase checkpoint by coupling the physiological turnover and ionizing radiation-induced accelerated proteolysis of Cdc25A. | Cancer cell | 456 | 12676583 |
| 2000 | hCds1-mediated phosphorylation of BRCA1 regulates the DNA damage response. | Nature | 449 | 10724175 |
| 2001 | Initiation of a G2/M checkpoint after ultraviolet radiation requires p38 kinase. | Nature | 444 | 11333986 |
| 2004 | The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). | Genome research | 438 | 15489334 |
| 2022 | OpenCell: Endogenous tagging for the cartography of human cellular organization. | Science (New York, N.Y.) | 432 | 35271311 |
| 2004 | CHEK2 is a multiorgan cancer susceptibility gene. | American journal of human genetics | 428 | 15492928 |
| 1998 | S-phase-specific activation of Cds1 kinase defines a subpathway of the checkpoint response in Schizosaccharomyces pombe. | Genes & development | 342 | 9450932 |
| 1998 | Replication checkpoint requires phosphorylation of the phosphatase Cdc25 by Cds1 or Chk1. | Nature | 314 | 9774107 |
| 1998 | Replication checkpoint enforced by kinases Cds1 and Chk1. | Science (New York, N.Y.) | 286 | 9572736 |
| 2000 | Threonine 68 is required for radiation-induced phosphorylation and activation of Cds1. | Nature cell biology | 266 | 11025670 |
| 1999 | A human homologue of the checkpoint kinase Cds1 directly inhibits Cdc25 phosphatase. | Current biology : CB | 240 | 9889122 |
| 2000 | Damage tolerance protein Mus81 associates with the FHA1 domain of checkpoint kinase Cds1. | Molecular and cellular biology | 238 | 11073977 |
| 1999 | A human Cds1-related kinase that functions downstream of ATM protein in the cellular response to DNA damage. | Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America | 238 | 10097108 |
| 2001 | Mrc1 channels the DNA replication arrest signal to checkpoint kinase Cds1. | Nature cell biology | 207 | 11715017 |
| 2000 | Chk1 and Cds1: linchpins of the DNA damage and replication checkpoint pathways. | Journal of cell science | 179 | 11058076 |
| 1999 | Cdc25 inhibited in vivo and in vitro by checkpoint kinases Cds1 and Chk1. | Molecular biology of the cell | 176 | 10198041 |
| 2003 | Swi1 prevents replication fork collapse and controls checkpoint kinase Cds1. | Molecular and cellular biology | 139 | 14560029 |
| 1996 | The CDS1 gene encoding CDP-diacylglycerol synthase in Saccharomyces cerevisiae is essential for cell growth. | The Journal of biological chemistry | 120 | 8557688 |
| 2005 | Replication checkpoint kinase Cds1 regulates Mus81 to preserve genome integrity during replication stress. | Genes & development | 109 | 15805465 |
| 1999 | Basis for the checkpoint signal specificity that regulates Chk1 and Cds1 protein kinases. | Molecular and cellular biology | 92 | 10330167 |
| 2002 | Checking in on Cds1 (Chk2): A checkpoint kinase and tumor suppressor. | BioEssays : news and reviews in molecular, cellular and developmental biology | 83 | 12111733 |
| 1999 | Role of human Cds1 (Chk2) kinase in DNA damage checkpoint and its regulation by p53. | The Journal of biological chemistry | 80 | 10531348 |
| 2003 | Replication checkpoint kinase Cds1 regulates recombinational repair protein Rad60. | Molecular and cellular biology | 77 | 12897162 |
| 2006 | Two-stage mechanism for activation of the DNA replication checkpoint kinase Cds1 in fission yeast. | Genes & development | 74 | 16618806 |
| 2000 | Response of Xenopus Cds1 in cell-free extracts to DNA templates with double-stranded ends. | Molecular biology of the cell | 70 | 10793133 |
| 1999 | Genetic control of telomere integrity in Schizosaccharomyces pombe: rad3(+) and tel1(+) are parts of two regulatory networks independent of the downstream protein kinases chk1(+) and cds1(+). | Genetics | 59 | 10430579 |
| 2001 | Threonine-11, phosphorylated by Rad3 and atm in vitro, is required for activation of fission yeast checkpoint kinase Cds1. | Molecular and cellular biology | 50 | 11313465 |
| 2002 | CDS1 and promoter single nucleotide polymorphisms of the CTLA-4 gene in human myasthenia gravis. | Genes and immunity | 37 | 11857062 |
| 2018 | Hydrolase CehA and Monooxygenase CfdC Are Responsible for Carbofuran Degradation in Sphingomonas sp. Strain CDS-1. | Applied and environmental microbiology | 29 | 29884759 |
| 2004 | Cds1 phosphorylation by Rad3-Rad26 kinase is mediated by forkhead-associated domain interaction with Mrc1. | The Journal of biological chemistry | 29 | 15173168 |
| 2001 | Critical role of Caenorhabditis elegans homologs of Cds1 (Chk2)-related kinases in meiotic recombination. | Molecular and cellular biology | 29 | 11158318 |
| 2008 | Cds1 controls the release of Cdc14-like phosphatase Flp1 from the nucleolus to drive full activation of the checkpoint response to replication stress in fission yeast. | Molecular biology of the cell | 28 | 18385517 |
| 2005 | Rad3-Cds1 mediates coupling of initiation of meiotic recombination with DNA replication. Mei4-dependent transcription as a potential target of meiotic checkpoint. | The Journal of biological chemistry | 27 | 16286472 |
| 2009 | Autoinhibition and autoactivation of the DNA replication checkpoint kinase Cds1. | The Journal of biological chemistry | 21 | 19357077 |
| 1993 | Iminium salt of copper benzochlorin (CDS1), a novel photosensitizer for photodynamic therapy: mechanism of cell killing. | Photochemistry and photobiology | 19 | 8378428 |
| 2001 | Inactivation of the checkpoint kinase Cds1 is dependent on cyclin B-Cdc2 kinase activation at the meiotic G(2)/M-phase transition in Xenopus oocytes. | Journal of cell science | 18 | 11591827 |
| 2006 | HIV-1 Vpr induces G2 cell cycle arrest in fission yeast associated with Rad24/14-3-3-dependent, Chk1/Cds1-independent Wee1 upregulation. | Microbes and infection | 16 | 16968670 |
| 2008 | Involvement of fission yeast Clr6-HDAC in regulation of the checkpoint kinase Cds1. | Nucleic acids research | 14 | 18440981 |
| 2025 | The synthetic lethal interaction between CDS1 and CDS2 is a vulnerability in uveal melanoma and across multiple tumor types. | Nature genetics | 10 | 40615675 |
| 2014 | Meiotic nuclear movements in fission yeast are regulated by the transcription factor Mei4 downstream of a Cds1-dependent replication checkpoint pathway. | Genes to cells : devoted to molecular & cellular mechanisms | 10 | 25492408 |
| 2009 | A Cds1-mediated checkpoint protects the MBF activator Rep2 from ubiquitination by anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome-Ste9 at S-phase arrest in fission yeast. | Molecular and cellular biology | 10 | 19596787 |
| 2004 | Xenopus Cds1 is regulated by DNA-dependent protein kinase and ATR during the cell cycle checkpoint response to double-stranded DNA ends. | Molecular and cellular biology | 10 | 15509799 |
| 2019 | Sustained phospholipase C stimulation of H9c2 cardiomyoblasts by vasopressin induces an increase in CDP-diacylglycerol synthase 1 (CDS1) through protein kinase C and cFos. | Biochimica et biophysica acta. Molecular and cell biology of lipids | 9 | 30862571 |
| 2015 | Casein kinase 1γ ensures monopolar growth polarity under incomplete DNA replication downstream of Cds1 and calcineurin in fission yeast. | Molecular and cellular biology | 8 | 25691662 |
| 2007 | Characterization and physical mapping of the porcine CDS1 and CDS2 genes. | Animal biotechnology | 8 | 17364441 |
| 2005 | Chk2/Cds1 protein kinase blocks apoptosis during early development of Xenopus laevis. | Developmental dynamics : an official publication of the American Association of Anatomists | 8 | 15937936 |
| 2008 | Crosstalk between Nap1 protein and Cds1 checkpoint kinase to maintain chromatin integrity. | Biochimica et biophysica acta | 7 | 18474252 |
| 2014 | Pcf1, a large subunit of CAF-1, required for maintenance of checkpoint kinase Cds1 activity. | SpringerPlus | 5 | 24478943 |
| 2009 | The Schizosaccharomyces pombe checkpoint kinases Chk1 and Cds1 are important for cell survival in response to cisplatin. | PloS one | 4 | 19587778 |
| 2006 | Methylation Inactivates Expression of CDP-diacylglycerol Synthase 1 (CDS1) in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. | Cancer genomics & proteomics | 4 | 31394702 |
| 2018 | Nutrient Limitation Inactivates Mrc1-to-Cds1 Checkpoint Signalling in Schizosaccharomyces pombe. | Cells | 3 | 29473861 |
| 2004 | Evolutionary conservation of a novel splice variant of the Cds1/CHK2 checkpoint kinase restricted to its regulatory domain. | Cell cycle (Georgetown, Tex.) | 3 | 15467464 |
| 2020 | Mutation in histone deacetylase clr6 promotes the survival of S. pombe cds1 null mutant in response to hydroxyurea. | Molecular genetics and genomics : MGG | 1 | 32124033 |
| 2025 | Loss of CDS1 impairs the tumorigenic characteristics of nasopharyngeal carcinoma by modulating lipid metabolism. | Cell adhesion & migration | 0 | 40566856 |
| 2025 | CDS1 deficiency promotes colorectal cancer progression by suppressing CDP-DAG-induced ferroptosis in MDSCs. | Cellular signalling | 0 | 41161459 |
| 2025 | Bacterial cellulose repairs asthmatic epithelial injury by reprogramming CDS1-mediated phosphatidylinositol metabolism to inhibit PI3K/AKT signaling. | International journal of biological macromolecules | 0 | 41407218 |
| 2007 | [Dds20 operates in cds1-independent mechanism of tolerance to UV-induced DNA damage in Schizosaccharomyces pombe cells]. | Genetika | 0 | 17486762 |
| 2006 | [Construction of double-labelled carbofuran-degrading bacterium Sphingomonas sp. CDS-1]. | Wei sheng wu xue bao = Acta microbiologica Sinica | 0 | 17037065 |