Affinage

AIMP1

Aminoacyl tRNA synthase complex-interacting multifunctional protein 1 · UniProt Q12904

Length
312 aa
Mass
34.4 kDa
Annotated
2026-06-09
76 papers in source corpus 27 papers cited in narrative 27 extracted findings
Cross-family judge vs UniProt: Affinage preferred faithfulness: 6/6 claims corpus-supported (100%)

Mechanistic narrative

Synthesis pass · prose summary of the discoveries below

AIMP1 (p43/proEMAP II) is a multifunctional auxiliary component of the tRNA multisynthetase complex (MSC) that doubles as the precursor of the secreted inflammatory cytokine EMAP II (PMID:11306575, PMID:14500886). Structurally, AIMP1 scaffolds the MSC: its N-terminal helix forms a coiled-coil with the N-terminal domain of ArgRS, an interaction required for ArgRS catalytic activity, while it anchors GlnRS and bridges the ternary subcomplex to AIMP2/p38 (PMID:25288775). Full-length proEMAP II binds tRNA with high affinity through an OB-fold-based site, and caspase-7 cleavage liberates the C-terminal EMAP II domain, abolishing tRNA binding and releasing the cytokine (PMID:11306575, PMID:11157763); proteasome-dependent processing also contributes to mature EMAP II generation (PMID:17443684). As a secreted factor, AIMP1 acts through distinct structural domains for endothelial apoptosis (aa 101–114), fibroblast proliferation (aa 6–46), and endothelial migration (aa 114–192) (PMID:16472771), and signals through the receptor CD23 to drive ERK1/2 activation and TNF-α secretion in monocytes and to promote osteoclastogenesis (PMID:22767513, PMID:25617125). Intracellularly, AIMP1 is phosphorylated at Ser-140 by JNK downstream of TLR4–MyD88, triggering its dissociation from gp96 and increased gp96 surface presentation (PMID:20510162), and it acts as a broad negative regulator of signaling—binding Smad2/3 to restrain TGF-β signaling (PMID:26890138), binding the PPARγ DNA-binding domain to suppress adipogenesis (PMID:25146391), and limiting mTORC1-coupled autophagy in myeloid cells (PMID:41862581). Genetically, frameshift mutant AIMP1 proteins associated with hypomyelinating leukodystrophy (HLD3) mislocalize to lysosomes, form aggregates, sequester actin, and impair neuronal differentiation (PMID:32384815).

Mechanistic history

Synthesis pass · year-by-year structured walk · 15 steps
  1. 2001 High

    Established that AIMP1 is a tRNA-binding precursor whose proteolytic cleavage couples loss of synthetase-complex function to release of a phagocyte-recruiting cytokine.

    Evidence In vitro caspase-7 digestion, quantitative tRNA binding (KD = 0.2 µM), and mononuclear phagocyte migration assay

    PMID:11306575

    Open questions at the time
    • Did not define the receptor mediating phagocyte migration
    • In vivo trigger for caspase-7 cleavage not established
  2. 2001 High

    Defined the atomic architecture of the EMAP II cytokine domain, showing how an OB-fold creates a novel tRNA-binding surface.

    Evidence 1.14 Å X-ray crystallography of the human EMAP II domain

    PMID:11157763

    Open questions at the time
    • Structure of the full-length protein and its MSC contacts not solved here
    • Does not address how cleavage abolishes tRNA binding
  3. 2003 Medium

    Confirmed AIMP1 as an integral structural subunit of both nuclear and cytosolic MSC, framing its synthetase-scaffolding role.

    Evidence Biochemical fractionation, gel filtration, immunoblotting, and electron microscopy

    PMID:14500886

    Open questions at the time
    • Did not resolve specific synthetase contacts
    • Functional distinction between nuclear and cytosolic pools unclear
  4. 2014 High

    Resolved the molecular logic of AIMP1's scaffolding role: its N-terminal helix stabilizes ArgRS and anchors GlnRS, linking AIMP1 structure to synthetase catalytic activity.

    Evidence Crystal structure of the ArgRS–GlnRS–AIMP1 subcomplex with mutagenesis and aminoacylation assays

    PMID:25288775

    Open questions at the time
    • Full MSC assembly architecture beyond the ternary core not resolved
    • How cytokine release reshapes the complex not addressed
  5. 2006 Medium

    Mapped distinct extracellular functions of secreted AIMP1 to separate structural domains, explaining its pleiotropic activity on different cell types.

    Evidence Deletion fragment mapping with endothelial apoptosis, fibroblast proliferation, and migration assays plus elastase 2 cleavage

    PMID:16472771

    Open questions at the time
    • Receptors for each domain not all identified
    • Physiological proteases generating each fragment in vivo unclear
  6. 2012 High

    Identified CD23 as a functional AIMP1 receptor driving ERK1/2-dependent TNF-α secretion, providing a defined extracellular signaling axis.

    Evidence Soluble-receptor screen, reciprocal binding, CD23 siRNA knockdown, and TNF-α/ERK readouts in monocytes

    PMID:22767513

    Open questions at the time
    • Structural basis of AIMP1–CD23 binding unknown
    • Why the EMAP II fragment cannot engage CD23 not explained
  7. 2010 High

    Linked TLR4 signaling to AIMP1 post-translational control, showing JNK phosphorylation at Ser-140 governs gp96 surface presentation.

    Evidence LPS/TLR4 stimulation, JNK inhibition, S140A mutagenesis, co-IP, and flow cytometry for surface gp96

    PMID:20510162

    Open questions at the time
    • Downstream consequence of surface gp96 for immunity not defined here
    • Whether Ser-140 phosphorylation affects MSC association unknown
  8. 2014 Medium

    Established AIMP1 as an intracellular brake on signaling through direct Smad2/3 and PPARγ interactions, controlling TGF-β output and adipogenesis.

    Evidence Co-IP, luciferase reporters, siRNA/knockout cells with chondrogenic and adipogenesis readouts

    PMID:25146391 PMID:26890138

    Open questions at the time
    • Structural mode of Smad and PPARγ binding not determined
    • Whether these functions require free or MSC-bound AIMP1 unclear
  9. 2014 Medium

    Showed viral hijacking of AIMP1 stability by HCV E2, connecting AIMP1 degradation to de-repression of TGF-β signaling and gp96 surface expression.

    Evidence GST pulldown, co-IP, proteasome inhibition, grp78-displacement analysis, and downstream signaling readouts

    PMID:24816397

    Open questions at the time
    • E3 ligase mediating AIMP1 ubiquitination not identified
    • Relevance to HCV pathogenesis in vivo not established
  10. 2006 Medium

    Clarified how secreted EMAP II sensitizes endothelium to apoptosis by trafficking TNF-R1 and TRADD to the membrane rather than altering receptor levels.

    Evidence Flow cytometry, immunofluorescence co-staining, and apoptosis assays in endothelial cells

    PMID:10880244 PMID:17051333

    Open questions at the time
    • Receptor mediating EMAP II uptake/signaling not defined
    • Reconciliation of transcriptional vs. trafficking effects across studies
  11. 2011 Medium

    Extended AIMP1's extracellular targets to the cytoskeleton and integrins, linking it to endothelial viability and adhesion control.

    Evidence Affinity purification, pulldown, co-IP, immunofluorescence, and α5β1 integrin blockade with viability/adhesion assays

    PMID:21416500

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct vs. indirect cytoskeletal interactions not separated
    • Functional significance of α-tubulin phosphorylation unclear
  12. 2018 Medium

    Defined AIMP1 as a regulator of adaptive and innate immunity in vivo, shaping dendritic cell function, T-cell polarization, and antiviral/antitumor protection.

    Evidence AIMP1-knockout/deficient mice, BMDC and T-cell assays, and in vivo tumor, influenza, and airway models

    PMID:21711348 PMID:22472603 PMID:29379495 PMID:31084930

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether immune phenotypes reflect intracellular or secreted AIMP1 not resolved
    • Receptors mediating each immune effect not uniformly defined
  13. 2022 Medium

    Revealed disease-context AIMP1 partnerships in cancer, including ANP32A-dependent histone acetylation and fascin binding that drive proliferation and invasion.

    Evidence Protein chip, co-IP, mass spectrometry, ChIP-seq, and knockdown phenotyping in myeloma and laryngeal carcinoma

    PMID:31287215 PMID:36042007

    Open questions at the time
    • Generality of these interactions beyond specific tumors unknown
    • Direct vs. complex-mediated nature of ANP32A effect on chromatin unclear
  14. 2025 Medium

    Identified an autophagy-limiting function for AIMP1 via mTORC1 uncoupling, distinguishing it from its synthetase role and tying it to innate immune kinetics.

    Evidence Gene-essentiality analysis, Aimp1 depletion in murine myeloid cells, mTORC1 assays, and transcriptomics

    PMID:41862581

    Open questions at the time
    • Molecular link between AIMP1 and mTORC1 not defined
    • Whether autophagy role requires MSC dissociation unknown
  15. 2020 Medium

    Connected HLD3 leukodystrophy mutations to a cellular defect: mutant AIMP1 mislocalizes to lysosomes, aggregates, sequesters actin, and blocks neuronal differentiation.

    Evidence Immunofluorescence localization, immunoprecipitation, actin fiber and neuronal differentiation assays with ibuprofen rescue

    PMID:32384815

    Open questions at the time
    • Mechanism by which mutants are routed to lysosomes unclear
    • Whether loss of MSC function contributes to leukodystrophy not addressed

Open questions

Synthesis pass · forward-looking unresolved questions
  • How AIMP1 partitions between its MSC-scaffolding role and its diverse secreted-cytokine and intracellular-regulatory functions, and what governs the switch, remains unresolved.
  • No unified model linking MSC residence, cleavage, and secretion
  • Receptor identity for several extracellular activities undefined
  • Structural basis of CD23, Smad, and PPARγ binding unknown

Mechanism profile

Synthesis pass · controlled-vocabulary classification · explore literature graph →
Molecular activity
GO:0003723 RNA binding 2 GO:0005198 structural molecule activity 2 GO:0048018 receptor ligand activity 2 GO:0098772 molecular function regulator activity 2 GO:0060090 molecular adaptor activity 1
Localization
GO:0005576 extracellular region 2 GO:0005634 nucleus 1 GO:0005764 lysosome 1 GO:0005829 cytosol 1
Pathway
R-HSA-168256 Immune System 4 R-HSA-162582 Signal Transduction 2 R-HSA-392499 Metabolism of proteins 2 R-HSA-5357801 Programmed Cell Death 2 R-HSA-9612973 Autophagy 1
Partners
AIMP2CD23GP96PPARGQARSRARSSMAD2SMAD3
Complex memberships
multisynthetase complex (MSC)

Evidence

Reading pass · 27 per-paper findings extracted from the source corpus
Year Finding Method Journal Conf PMIDs
2001 The EMAPII cytokine domain of p43/AIMP1 is released from the multisynthetase complex after caspase-7 cleavage in vitro, and the released EMAPII domain can induce migration of human mononuclear phagocytes. The full-length p43/proEMAPII has strong tRNA binding capacity (KD = 0.2 µM), which is lost upon release of the EMAPII domain, suggesting cleavage limits tRNA availability for aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases in the complex. In vitro caspase-7 digestion assay, tRNA binding assay (Kd measurement), mononuclear phagocyte migration assay The Journal of biological chemistry High 11306575
2001 Crystal structure of human EMAPII domain at 1.14 Å resolution reveals that it is a monomer consisting of an OB-fold (Trbp-like) domain and an extra domain related by degenerate 2-fold symmetry, mimicking the dimer interface of bacterial Trbp proteins, and generating a novel OB-fold-based tRNA-binding site. X-ray crystallography (1.14 Å resolution) The EMBO journal High 11157763
2014 Crystal structure of the ArgRS–GlnRS–AIMP1 ternary subcomplex shows that the N-terminal helix of AIMP1 forms a coiled-coil with the N-terminal domain of ArgRS and anchors the C-terminal core of GlnRS. Mutation of AIMP1's N-terminal helix destabilizes ArgRS's N-terminal domain and abrogates ArgRS catalytic activity; mutation of ArgRS's N-terminal helix liberates GlnRS. AIMP1 also anchors the ternary complex to AIMP2/p38. X-ray crystallography, site-directed mutagenesis, aminoacylation activity assay, co-immunoprecipitation Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America High 25288775
2003 AIMP1/p43 is an integral component of both the nuclear and cytosolic human multisynthetase complexes, isolated to near homogeneity; gel filtration and immunoblot analysis demonstrate that a major biological role for p43 is as a structural part of the multisynthetase complex. Biochemical fractionation, gel filtration chromatography, immunoblotting, electron microscopy (negative staining) Protein science : a publication of the Protein Society Medium 14500886
2006 Structural domain mapping of secreted AIMP1 using deletion fragments established three functionally distinct extracellular domains: aa 101–114 mediates pro-apoptotic activity toward endothelial cells (caspase-3 activation), aa 6–46 mediates fibroblast proliferation, and aa 114–192 mediates endothelial cell migration. Deletion fragment generation, endothelial cell death/caspase-3 assay, fibroblast proliferation assay, endothelial migration assay; elastase 2 cleavage Biochemical and biophysical research communications Medium 16472771
2012 CD23 (low-affinity IgE receptor) was identified as the functional receptor for AIMP1 that mediates TNF-α secretion from THP-1 monocytic cells and primary human PBMCs. CD23 knockdown attenuated AIMP1 binding and AIMP1-induced TNF-α secretion. AIMP1-induced TNF-α secretion via CD23 involves ERK1/2 activation. Notably, the C-terminal EMAP II fragment of AIMP1 cannot bind CD23 or activate ERK1/2. Screen of 499 soluble receptors, co-immunoprecipitation, CD23 knockdown (siRNA), TNF-α ELISA, ERK1/2 phosphorylation assay, binding assay Journal of cell science High 22767513
2010 TLR4 activation by LPS induces phosphorylation of AIMP1 at serine-140 by JNK (via MyD88 pathway), causing dissociation of AIMP1 from gp96 and resulting in increased gp96 cell surface expression. Alanine mutation of serine-140 suppressed LPS-induced gp96 surface presentation. TLR4/LPS stimulation, JNK inhibitor experiments, site-directed mutagenesis (S140A), co-immunoprecipitation, flow cytometry for gp96 surface expression Biochemical and biophysical research communications High 20510162
2014 AIMP1 negatively regulates TGF-β signaling by interacting directly with Smad2 and Smad3, as demonstrated by co-immunoprecipitation and luciferase reporter assay. AIMP1 downregulation by siRNA promotes Smad2/3 phosphorylation and restores chondrogenic differentiation in dedifferentiated and OA-derived degenerated chondrocytes. Co-immunoprecipitation, luciferase reporter assay, siRNA knockdown, Western blot for p-Smad2/3, in vivo mouse implantation model Cell death & disease Medium 26890138
2014 HCV envelope protein E2 directly interacts with AIMP1/p43 (by GST pulldown and co-immunoprecipitation) and promotes its degradation via ubiquitin-dependent proteasome pathway. E2 also disrupts the stabilizing interaction between AIMP1 and the ER chaperone grp78, further reducing cellular AIMP1. Loss of AIMP1 caused by E2 results in upregulation of TGF-β signaling and increased surface expression of gp96. GST pulldown, co-immunoprecipitation, confocal immunofluorescence, proteasome inhibitor experiments, TGF-β signaling assay, flow cytometry for gp96 surface expression PloS one Medium 24816397
2006 EMAP-II pre-treatment of human endothelial cells does not increase TNF-R1 protein expression but induces redistribution of TNF-R1 from Golgi storage pools to the cell membrane and mobilizes TRADD to the membrane (in separate vesicles from TNF-R1), thereby sensitizing endothelial cells to TNF-induced apoptosis. Flow cytometry, immunofluorescence co-staining, Western blot, apoptosis assay Apoptosis : an international journal on programmed cell death Medium 17051333
2000 Recombinant EMAP-II upregulates TNF-R1 (but not TNF-R2) mRNA and protein expression in human umbilical vein endothelial cells ~4-6 fold within 2 h, and conditioned media from high-EMAP-II expressing cell lines upregulated TNF-R1 by up to 20-fold; effect was blocked by anti-EMAP-II antibody. Northern blot/RT-PCR, ELISA, neutralizing antibody blockade Cytokine Medium 10880244
2007 RARS overexpression impairs AIMP1 secretion in HeLa and MCF7 cells, and proteasome inhibition impairs cleavage of AIMP1 to generate mature EMAP II, indicating that the proteasome is involved in proteolytic processing of AIMP1 to produce EMAP II. RARS overexpression, proteasome inhibitor treatment, AIMP1/EMAP II detection (Western blot/ELISA) Journal of cellular physiology Medium 17443684
2014 AIMP1 negatively regulates adipogenesis by directly interacting with the DNA-binding domain of PPARγ via co-immunoprecipitation, thereby inhibiting PPARγ transcriptional activity. AIMP1-deficient cells show augmented adipogenesis compared to controls. Co-immunoprecipitation, luciferase reporter assay, AIMP1 knockout/deficient cells, adipogenesis assay Journal of cell science Medium 25146391
2011 Exogenous AIMP1 decreases endothelial cell viability through an α5β1 integrin-dependent mechanism and inhibits cell adhesion. Affinity purification, pulldown, and co-immunoprecipitation demonstrate that AIMP1 interacts with four cytoskeletal proteins: filamin-A, α-tubulin, vinculin, and cingulin. α-Tubulin is phosphorylated upon AIMP1 treatment, and AIMP1 colocalizes with filamin-A and cingulin. Affinity purification, pulldown, co-immunoprecipitation, immunofluorescence, integrin-blocking antibody, cell viability and adhesion assays Journal of cellular biochemistry Medium 21416500
2015 AIMP1 promotes osteoclastogenesis and acts synergistically with RANKL; downregulation of CD23 (its receptor) abolishes AIMP1-mediated osteoclastogenesis, confirming that AIMP1 signals through CD23 to promote osteoclast differentiation. Osteoclastogenesis assay, CD23 knockdown, RANKL synergy assay, ELISA for serum AIMP1 in RA patients Biomaterials Medium 25617125
2019 AIMP1 binds and colocalizes with FSCN1 (fascin) in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma cells, as validated by co-immunoprecipitation/Western blotting and immunofluorescence; knockdown of AIMP1 inhibits LSCC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. Co-immunoprecipitation, mass spectrometry, immunofluorescence, siRNA knockdown with proliferation/migration/invasion assays Proteomics Medium 31287215
2022 In multiple myeloma, AIMP1 interacts with ANP32A (acidic leucine-rich nuclear phosphoprotein 32A) to regulate histone H3 acetylation, increasing H3 acetylation enrichment at the GAREM2 locus, which promotes p-ERK1/2 (MAPK pathway activation). AIMP1 also promotes osteoclast differentiation by activating NFATc1. Protein chip assay, co-immunoprecipitation, ChIP-seq, RNA-seq, MTT assay, xenograft model, TRAC staining Cancer communications (London, England) Medium 36042007
2019 AIMP1 regulates T cell responses by inhibiting TCR-dependent activation: AIMP1 reduces lipid raft association upon TCR engagement, decreases Ca2+ influx, and downregulates phosphorylation of PLCγ and PI3K in CD4+ T cells. AIMP1 also specifically enhances differentiation of regulatory T (Treg) cells without affecting Th1, Th2, or Th17 differentiation. T cell activation assay, Ca2+ influx measurement, microscopic lipid raft analysis, Western blot for p-PLCγ/p-PI3K, Treg differentiation flow cytometry Biochemical and biophysical research communications Medium 31084930
2018 AIMp1/p43 absence in bone marrow-derived dendritic cells impairs cytokine production, costimulatory molecule expression, p38 MAPK signaling, and TH1 polarization of co-cultured T cells. AIMp1-deficient DCs showed significantly compromised vaccine-mediated protection against melanoma in vivo, and AIMp1 in the host was critical for antiviral immunity against influenza. AIMp1 knockout BMDC, cytokine ELISA, flow cytometry for costimulatory molecules, p38 MAPK phosphorylation assay, T cell co-culture TH1 polarization assay, in vivo tumor and influenza models Frontiers in immunology Medium 29379495
2012 AIMP1 deficiency in mice results in spontaneous airway hyperreactivity and TH2-biased immune responses; adoptive transfer of AIMP1-deficient CD4+ T cells to OVA-sensitized mice exacerbates airway inflammation. AIMP1-deficient mice show decreased serum IL-12p40, and AIMP1-deficient lung DCs show increased surface molecule expression, establishing AIMP1 as a negative regulator of TH2 responses in vivo. AIMP1-deficient mouse model, methacholine challenge (Penh values), adoptive transfer of CD4+ T cells, cytokine ELISA, histological analysis Clinical immunology (Orlando, Fla.) Medium 22472603
2024 An AIMP1-derived peptide (TN41, aa 6–46) is generated by MMP1-mediated cleavage of AIMP1 secreted from Wnt-treated hair follicle stem cells, and this fragment activates dermal papilla cells by activating Akt and ERK, increasing β-catenin. TN41 promotes hair shaft elongation in cultured human hair follicles and enhances DPC spheroid hair-inducing activity. Deletion mapping identified aa 6–46 as the active region. Deletion mapping, MMP1 cleavage assay, Akt/ERK/β-catenin Western blot, hair follicle organ culture, DPC spheroid assay International journal of biological sciences Medium 39494335
2025 AIMP1 derived from dopaminergic neurons is elevated in PD; Aimp1 knockout or knockdown improves DA neuron viability and reduces microglial activation in MPTP-induced PD mouse model. RNA-seq analysis revealed AIMP1 promotes microglial inflammatory response. AIMP1-induced microglial activation is CD23-dependent. MPTP mouse model, Aimp1 KO/KD, immunofluorescence for TH and microglia markers, RNA-seq, ELISA, in vitro MPP+ cell model CNS neuroscience & therapeutics Medium 40522094
2025 EMAP-II packaged in macrophage-derived extracellular vesicles (from OGD/R-activated macrophages) is transferred to neutrophils, where it suppresses PI3K/AKT signaling, induces mitochondrial oxidative stress (mtROS), and drives pathological NETs formation in lung ischemia/reperfusion injury. shRNA-mediated EMAP-II knockdown in macrophages abolished OGD/R-EV-induced mtROS and NETs formation and mitigated pulmonary inflammation in mice. Proteomic profiling of EVs, shRNA EMAP-II knockdown, PI3K/AKT pharmacological inhibition, mtROS measurement, NETs assay, mouse LIRI model Redox biology Medium 40616949
2025 AIMP1 functions as a limiter of autophagy, at least in part by uncoupling mTORC1 activity, while minimally affecting protein synthesis. Depletion of Aimp1 in murine myeloid cells impairs innate immunity kinetics, revealing that Aimp1's redundancy for protein synthesis allows it to reinforce autophagic activity. Gene essentiality genomics analysis, Aimp1 depletion in murine myeloid cells, transcriptomics, mTORC1 activity assays, innate immunity kinetics assay Communications biology Medium 41862581
2011 AIMP1 upregulates TLR2 protein expression in bone marrow-derived DCs in a time- and dose-dependent manner via NF-κB activation (blocked by BAY11-7082), and enhances TLR2-mediated IL-6 and IL-12 production and costimulatory molecule expression when combined with TLR2 agonists. Flow cytometry, RT-PCR, NF-κB inhibitor (BAY11-7082), ELISA for IL-6/IL-12, costimulatory molecule expression assay Immunology Medium 21711348
2025 AIMP1 downregulates the tight junction protein ZO-1 in brain microvascular endothelial cells, increasing blood-brain barrier permeability. siRNA knockdown of AIMP1 restored ZO-1 protein levels and reduced BBB permeability. The miRNA let-7f-5p directly targets AIMP1 (validated by luciferase reporter assay) and overexpression of let-7f-5p suppresses AIMP1 and partially rescues ZO-1 levels. siRNA knockdown, Western blot, luciferase reporter assay, Na-F permeability assay, TEER measurement Clinical and experimental immunology Medium 41316924
2020 HLD3-associated frameshift mutant AIMP1 proteins (292CA) localize predominantly to lysosomes where they form aggregates and specifically interact with actin to block actin fiber formation; Q39X mutant also aggregates in lysosomes but without actin interaction. Both 292CA and Q39X mutants inhibit neuronal differentiation in N1E-115 cells; ibuprofen treatment reverses mutant-induced inhibitory differentiation and lysosomal localization. Immunofluorescence (lysosome/organelle localization), immunoprecipitation, actin fiber formation assay, neuronal differentiation assay, ibuprofen treatment Medicines (Basel, Switzerland) Medium 32384815

Source papers

Stage 0 corpus · 76 papers · ranked by NIH iCite citations
Year Title Journal Citations PMID
2001 The EMAPII cytokine is released from the mammalian multisynthetase complex after cleavage of its p43/proEMAPII component. The Journal of biological chemistry 114 11306575
2010 Pelizaeus-Merzbacher-like disease caused by AIMP1/p43 homozygous mutation. American journal of human genetics 75 21092922
2022 Clinical powers of Aminoacyl tRNA Synthetase Complex Interacting Multifunctional Protein 1 (AIMP1) for head-neck squamous cell carcinoma. Cancer biomarkers : section A of Disease markers 71 35068446
2000 Prostate adenocarcinoma cells release the novel proinflammatory polypeptide EMAP-II in response to stress. Cancer research 64 10850427
2001 Structure of the EMAPII domain of human aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase complex reveals evolutionary dimer mimicry. The EMBO journal 57 11157763
2014 Structure of the ArgRS-GlnRS-AIMP1 complex and its implications for mammalian translation. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 48 25288775
2008 AIMP1/p43 protein induces the maturation of bone marrow-derived dendritic cells with T helper type 1-polarizing ability. Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) 43 18292511
2002 Expression of EMAP-II by activated monocytes/microglial cells in different regions of the rat hippocampus after trimethyltin-induced brain damage. Experimental neurology 41 12429238
2007 FTY720 attenuates accumulation of EMAP-II+ and MHC-II+ monocytes in early lesions of rat traumatic brain injury. Journal of cellular and molecular medicine 35 17488479
2000 Tumour necrosis factor receptor I (p55) is upregulated on endothelial cells by exposure to the tumour-derived cytokine endothelial monocyte- activating polypeptide II (EMAP-II). Cytokine 35 10880244
2004 In vivo therapy of local tumor progression by targeting vascular endothelium with EMAP-II. The Journal of surgical research 34 15172191
2009 Deciphering the immune function and regulation by a TLR of the cytokine EMAPII in the lesioned central nervous system using a leech model. Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) 32 19917687
2018 AIMp1 Potentiates TH1 Polarization and Is Critical for Effective Antitumor and Antiviral Immunity. Frontiers in immunology 29 29379495
2006 Structural separation of different extracellular activities in aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase-interacting multi-functional protein, p43/AIMP1. Biochemical and biophysical research communications 27 16472771
2004 Endothelial monocyte-activating polypeptide-II (EMAP-II): a novel inducer of lymphocyte apoptosis. Journal of leukocyte biology 27 14982944
2003 EMAP-II expression is associated with macrophage accumulation in primary uveal melanoma. Investigative ophthalmology & visual science 27 12714608
2005 Gingival crevicular fluid EMAP-II, MIP-1alpha and MIP-1beta levels of patients with periodontal disease. Journal of clinical periodontology 25 15998272
2011 Expression of AIMP1, 2 and 3, the scaffolds for the multi-tRNA synthetase complex, is downregulated in gastric and colorectal cancer. Tumori 23 21789020
2009 Antitumor activity and pharmacokinetic properties of ARS-interacting multi-functional protein 1 (AIMP1/p43). Cancer letters 23 19573982
2018 MiR-429 Regulated by Endothelial Monocyte Activating Polypeptide-II (EMAP-II) Influences Blood-Tumor Barrier Permeability by Inhibiting the Expressions of ZO-1, Occludin and Claudin-5. Frontiers in molecular neuroscience 22 29467620
2012 Identification of CD23 as a functional receptor for the proinflammatory cytokine AIMP1/p43. Journal of cell science 22 22767513
2015 Missense variants in AIMP1 gene are implicated in autosomal recessive intellectual disability without neurodegeneration. European journal of human genetics : EJHG 21 26173967
2014 AIMP1 deficiency presents as a cortical neurodegenerative disease with infantile onset. Neurogenetics 21 24958424
2019 Mass Spectrometric Analysis Identifies AIMP1 and LTA4H as FSCN1-Binding Proteins in Laryngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Proteomics 18 31287215
2018 Dual functional bioactive-peptide, AIMP1-derived peptide (AdP), for anti-aging. Journal of cosmetic dermatology 18 29921010
2016 AIMP1 downregulation restores chondrogenic characteristics of dedifferentiated/degenerated chondrocytes by enhancing TGF-β signal. Cell death & disease 18 26890138
2015 The antibody atliximab attenuates collagen-induced arthritis by neutralizing AIMP1, an inflammatory cytokine that enhances osteoclastogenesis. Biomaterials 18 25617125
2015 Stepping Out of the Cytosol: AIMp1/p43 Potentiates the Link Between Innate and Adaptive Immunity. International reviews of immunology 18 26325028
2009 P43/pro-EMAPII: a potential biomarker for discriminating traumatic versus ischemic brain injury. Journal of neurotrauma 18 19317603
2019 Pathogenic variants in AIMP1 cause pontocerebellar hypoplasia. Neurogenetics 17 30924036
2003 Isolation and characterization of human nuclear and cytosolic multisynthetase complexes and the intracellular distribution of p43/EMAPII. Protein science : a publication of the Protein Society 17 14500886
2022 AIMP1 promotes multiple myeloma malignancy through interacting with ANP32A to mediate histone H3 acetylation. Cancer communications (London, England) 16 36042007
2014 Degradation of AIMP1/p43 induced by hepatitis C virus E2 leads to upregulation of TGF-β signaling and increase in surface expression of gp96. PloS one 15 24816397
2006 EMAP-II facilitates TNF-R1 apoptotic signalling in endothelial cells and induces TRADD mobilization. Apoptosis : an international journal on programmed cell death 15 17051333
2018 EMAPII Monoclonal Antibody Ameliorates Influenza A Virus-Induced Lung Injury. Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy 14 29910176
2019 Atializumab, a humanized anti-aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase-interacting multifunctional protein-1 (AIMP1) antibody significantly improves nephritis in (NZB/NZW) F1 mice. Biomaterials 13 31394431
2007 Proteasomes and RARS modulate AIMP1/EMAP II secretion in human cancer cell lines. Journal of cellular physiology 13 17443684
2017 EMAP-II sensitize U87MG and glioma stem-like cells to temozolomide via induction of autophagy-mediated cell death and G2/M arrest. Cell cycle (Georgetown, Tex.) 12 28436750
2010 Toll-like receptor 4-mediated c-Jun N-terminal kinase activation induces gp96 cell surface expression via AIMP1 phosphorylation. Biochemical and biophysical research communications 12 20510162
2007 EMAP-II downregulation contributes to the beneficial effects of rapamycin after vascular injury. Cardiovascular research 12 18029408
2006 Intratumoural expression of TNF-R1 and EMAP-II in relation to response of patients treated with TNF-based isolated limb perfusion. International journal of cancer 12 16615114
2019 AIMP1 regulates TCR signaling and induces differentiation of regulatory T cells by interfering with lipid raft association. Biochemical and biophysical research communications 11 31084930
2018 Novel Homozygous Mutation of the AIMP1 Gene: A Milder Neuroimaging Phenotype With Preservation of the Deep White Matter. Pediatric neurology 11 30477741
2018 Biallelic Loss-of-Function Variants in AIMP1 Cause a Rare Neurodegenerative Disease. Journal of child neurology 11 30486714
2012 AIMP1 deficiency enhances airway hyperreactivity in mice via increased TH2 immune responses. Clinical immunology (Orlando, Fla.) 11 22472603
2014 The expression of aminoacyl-tRNA-synthetase-interacting multifunctional protein-1 (Aimp1) is regulated by estrogen in the mouse uterus. Molecular and cellular endocrinology 9 25132647
2008 Gene transfer of AIMP1 and B7.1 into epitope-loaded, fibroblasts induces tumor-specific CTL immunity, and prolongs the survival period of tumor-bearing mice. Vaccine 9 18793691
2018 Serum aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase-interacting multifunctional protein-1 (AIMP1), a novel disease activity predictive biomarker of systemic lupus erythematosus. Clinical and experimental rheumatology 8 29352840
2025 EMAP-II from macrophage-derived extracellular vesicles drives neutrophil extracellular traps formation via PI3K/AKT/mtROS in lung ischemia/reperfusion injury. Redox biology 7 40616949
2020 Rare homozygous nonsense variant in AIMP1 causing Early Onset Epileptic Encephalopathy with Burst Suppression (EOEE-BS). European journal of medical genetics 7 32531460
2017 Suppression of AIMP1 protects cognition in Alzheimer's disease model mice 3xTg-AD. Neuroreport 7 27906773
2000 Clinical significance of the expression of endothelial-monocyte activating polypeptide II (EMAPII) in the treatment of glioblastoma with recombinant mutant human tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-SAM2). Anticancer research 7 11131676
2024 AIMP1-Derived Peptide Secreted from Hair Follicle Stem Cells Promotes Hair Growth by Activating Dermal Papilla Cells. International journal of biological sciences 6 39494335
2011 The activity of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase-interacting multi-functional protein 1 (AIMP1) on endothelial cells is mediated by the assembly of a cytoskeletal protein complex. Journal of cellular biochemistry 6 21416500
2011 Enhancement of toll-like receptor 2-mediated immune responses by AIMP1, a novel cytokine, in mouse dendritic cells. Immunology 6 21711348
2020 Rare Neurologic Disease-Associated Mutations of AIMP1 are Related with Inhibitory Neuronal Differentiation Which is Reversed by Ibuprofen. Medicines (Basel, Switzerland) 5 32384815
2019 AIMP1 Mutation Long-Term Follow-Up, With Decreased Brain N-Acetylaspartic Acid and Secondary Mitochondrial Abnormalities. Child neurology open 5 30828585
2019 Functional Fragments of AIMP1-Derived Peptide (AdP) and Optimized Hydrosol for Their Topical Deposition by Box-Behnken Design. Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) 5 31121831
2014 AIMP1 negatively regulates adipogenesis by inhibiting PPARγ. Journal of cell science 5 25146391
2008 A DNA adjuvant encoding a fusion protein between anti-CD3 single-chain Fv and AIMP1 enhances T helper type 1 cell-mediated immune responses in antigen-sensitized mice. Immunology 5 18547366
2023 Secreted aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase-interacting multifunctional protein-1 (AIMP1) is a promising predictor for the severity of acute AQP4-IgG positive neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder. Multiple sclerosis and related disorders 4 36623394
2009 The significance of EMAP-II after allogeneic stem cell transplantation. Transplant immunology 4 19565673
2025 AIMP1 exerts hearing protection role in age related hearing loss mice by regulating SIRT1 expression. BMC geriatrics 3 40836274
2023 A Novel Homozygous Splice Site Variant in AIMP1 Gene Causing Hypomyelinating Leukodystrophy: Case Report and Review of the Literature. Neuropediatrics 3 36652953
2022 NeoPep S: A New Generation of AIMP1-derived Peptide (AdP) Effects on Wound Healing In Vivo. In vivo (Athens, Greece) 3 35478120
2021 Peripheral nerves are involved in hypomyelinating leukodystrophy-3 caused by a homozygous AIMP1 variant. Brain & development 3 33402283
2025 Dopaminergic Neuron-Derived AIMP1 Promotes Neurodegeneration via CD23-Dependent Microglial Activation. CNS neuroscience & therapeutics 1 40522094
2025 Sulforaphane targets STAT3-CKMT2-AS1 to suppress gastric cancer via PSMB8 downregulation and AIMP1 stabilization. Phytomedicine : international journal of phytotherapy and phytopharmacology 1 41135276
2020 The Role of the AIMP1 Pathway in Diabetic Retinopathy: AIMP1-Targeted Intervention Study in Diabetic Retinopathy. Ophthalmic research 1 31962335
2020 Stabilization of AIMP1/p43 and EMAP II recombinant proteins in the complexes with polysaccharide dextran-70. Pharmacological reports : PR 1 32016851
2010 Lesional expression of EMAPII in macrophages/microglia following cerebral ischemia in rats. The International journal of neuroscience 1 21047177
2010 Hypoxia-induced EMAP-II transcription in colorectal cancer. The Egyptian journal of immunology 1 23082492
2026 The redundant protein synthesis gene Aimp1 challenges the canonical inverse relationship between translation and autophagy. Communications biology 0 41862581
2025 AIMP1: multifunctional regulator in physiology and pathology with therapeutic implications. PeerJ 0 41282993
2025 Let-7f-5p/AIMP1/ZO-1 axis mediates blood-brain barrier dysfunction in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders. Clinical and experimental immunology 0 41316924
2024 Hereditary Spastic Paraplegia Linked to Abnormal Splicing From an AIMP1 Missense Variant. Clinical genetics 0 39726207

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