Affinage

ZFHX3

Zinc finger homeobox protein 3 · UniProt Q15911

Length
3703 aa
Mass
404.4 kDa
Annotated
2026-06-11
100 papers in source corpus 37 papers cited in narrative 37 extracted findings
Cross-family judge vs UniProt: Affinage preferred faithfulness: 7/7 claims corpus-supported (100%)

Mechanistic narrative

Synthesis pass · prose summary of the discoveries below

ZFHX3 (ATBF1) is a very large nuclear transcription factor harboring multiple homeodomains and zinc fingers that directly binds AT-rich promoter and enhancer elements to control transcriptional programs governing differentiation, proliferation, circadian timing, and immune responses (PMID:1719379, PMID:7507206, PMID:26232227). It was first defined as a sequence-specific regulator that suppresses the alpha-fetoprotein enhancer by competing with HNF1 for an AT motif (PMID:1719379, PMID:7507206), and exists as two alternative-promoter isoforms (ATBF1-A and -B) with opposing roles in differentiation: the neuronally-induced ATBF1-A represses myogenic regulators (MyoD, myogenin, MRF4) and other targets through its homeodomain IV and an N-terminal repressor region, whereas ATBF1-B promotes myogenic differentiation (PMID:7592926, PMID:11312261). Across diverse tissues ZFHX3 directly regulates defined target genes by AT-motif binding, including MUC5AC repression in gastric cancer, Pit1 enhancer activation in pituitary development, MYC repression in prostate cancer, and SCN5A repression in cardiomyocytes (PMID:17330845, PMID:18272476, PMID:30979864, PMID:34884836). ZFHX3 functions as a nodal partner of nuclear receptor and signaling pathways: it physically interacts with ERα, ERβ, AR, PR, RUNX3, HIF1A, p53, PIAS3, c/v-Myb, and the BAF chromatin-remodeling complex to modulate their transcriptional output, including ER coactivator competition, HIF1A-driven VEGFA angiogenesis, PR-dependent mammary morphogenesis, and AR transactivation of prostate target genes (PMID:10318867, PMID:14715251, PMID:14978340, PMID:18272476, PMID:20720010, PMID:20599712, PMID:23159610, PMID:30979864, PMID:30954439, PMID:32277050, PMID:38412861, PMID:40596315). Its abundance and activity are tightly controlled by post-translational modification—SUMOylation at Lys-2806 (via SAE1/UBC9/PIAS2, reversed by SENP1/2) stabilizes the protein against ubiquitination, the estrogen-responsive E3 ligase EFP drives its proteasomal degradation, and multisite phosphorylation protects it from calpain-1 cleavage (PMID:22452784, PMID:23022192, PMID:32249212). In physiological contexts, ZFHX3 sustains adult SCN circadian rhythmicity through AT-motif-dependent neuropeptide gene control, maintains atrial electrical and structural integrity, supports mammary lactogenesis via Prlr-Jak2-Stat5 signaling, and mediates CO2/hypercapnia suppression of innate immune genes in alveolar macrophages (PMID:26232227, PMID:27129249, PMID:28816086, PMID:37449401, PMID:38227369). A heterozygous GGC/polyglycine-repeat expansion in ZFHX3 causes spinocerebellar ataxia type 4 through intranuclear ZFHX3-p62-ubiquitin aggregates and impaired autophagy, while loss-of-function variation causes syndromic intellectual disability (PMID:38684900, PMID:38412861).

Mechanistic history

Synthesis pass · year-by-year structured walk · 23 steps
  1. 1991 Medium

    Established the molecular identity of ZFHX3 as a sequence-specific DNA-binding transcription factor, answering what kind of protein it is and what it recognizes.

    Evidence cDNA cloning and DNA-binding assays identifying a 306 kDa multi-homeodomain/zinc-finger protein bound to the AFP enhancer AT motif

    PMID:1719379

    Open questions at the time
    • Did not establish whether binding activates or represses transcription
    • No genome-wide binding map
    • No in vivo function defined
  2. 1994 High

    Defined the transcriptional mechanism—selective repression by competition for an AT motif—showing how ZFHX3 achieves target gene specificity.

    Evidence EMSA, AT-motif mutagenesis, and CAT reporter assays demonstrating HNF1 competition at the AFP regulatory region

    PMID:7507206

    Open questions at the time
    • Generalizability of HNF1 competition to other targets unknown
    • No structural basis for AT-motif recognition
  3. 1995 High

    Revealed isoform diversity with developmentally regulated expression, framing ZFHX3 as a context-dependent regulator.

    Evidence cDNA cloning, Northern/RNase protection, and promoter-reporter assays distinguishing ATBF1-A and -B during RA-induced neuronal differentiation

    PMID:7592926

    Open questions at the time
    • Functional differences between isoforms not yet defined at this stage
    • Tissue distribution of each isoform incomplete
  4. 2001 High

    Assigned opposing differentiation roles to the two isoforms and mapped the repressor domains, explaining how isoform choice dictates cell-fate outcome.

    Evidence Forced expression in C2C12 cells with promoter-reporter and EMSA mapping homeodomain IV binding to the MRF4 promoter

    PMID:10623580 PMID:11312261

    Open questions at the time
    • Mechanism of N-terminal general repression at molecular level unresolved
    • Cofactors mediating repression not identified
  5. 2001 High

    Identified an intrinsic DNA/RNA-dependent ATPase activity within ZFHX3, indicating an enzymatic capacity beyond DNA binding.

    Evidence In vitro ATPase assay with recombinant GST-AHZ fusion and site-directed mutagenesis of homeodomain IV and zinc finger 21

    PMID:11755205

    Open questions at the time
    • Biological role of ATPase activity in cells not established
    • Whether ATPase activity couples to chromatin remodeling unknown
  6. 2004 Medium

    Placed ZFHX3 in protein-interaction networks (PIAS3-STAT3, p53-p21) and Myb regulation, revealing it as a modulator of other transcriptional pathways rather than a solitary factor.

    Evidence Yeast two-hybrid, co-IP, and reporter assays for PIAS3/STAT3 and p53/p21; earlier deletion-mapped v/c-Myb interaction

    PMID:10318867 PMID:14715251 PMID:14978340

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct vs. bridged interactions not all distinguished
    • Endogenous relevance of p53 and PIAS3 complexes in vivo limited
  7. 2005 Medium

    Linked ZFHX3 subcellular trafficking to cell-cycle control, showing CRM1-dependent export and adhesion/ATM-dependent nuclear entry govern its growth-arrest function.

    Evidence Overexpression, leptomycin B and caffeine inhibition, cell-cycle analysis, and microscopy in Neuro2A/P19 cells

    PMID:16251211

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct ATM-ZFHX3 connection not demonstrated
    • Physiological signal triggering nuclear import unresolved
  8. 2007 High

    Demonstrated direct in vivo promoter occupancy at an endogenous target (MUC5AC), strengthening ZFHX3 as a bona fide chromatin-bound repressor.

    Evidence ChIP, reporter assays with AT-motif deletion, and endogenous protein analysis in gastric cancer

    PMID:17330845

    Open questions at the time
    • Cofactors at MUC5AC promoter unidentified
    • Functional consequence for gastric tumorigenesis not directly tested
  9. 2008 High

    Established a developmental activator role at a distal enhancer, expanding ZFHX3 beyond repression to context-dependent activation.

    Evidence In vivo enhancer mapping, mass spectrometry, genetic analysis, and in vitro transcription at the Pit1 locus

    PMID:18272476

    Open questions at the time
    • Determinants of activator vs. repressor mode unresolved
    • Coactivators recruited at the Pit1 enhancer not defined
  10. 2010 High

    Integrated ZFHX3 into hormone and stress signaling—ER repression via coactivator competition, RUNX3 cooperation, and a cytoplasmic ATM-protective axis—defining it as a hormone-responsive growth regulator.

    Evidence Reciprocal co-IP, AIB1 competition, and proliferation assays in breast cancer; co-IP/localization with RUNX3; pharmacological PDGFRB/ATM dissection in neurons

    PMID:20599712 PMID:20720010 PMID:20876357

    Open questions at the time
    • Selectivity for AIB1 over other coactivators mechanistically unexplained
    • Cytoplasmic ATM axis lacks reconstitution
  11. 2011 High

    Uncovered an estrogen-ZFHX3 autoregulatory feedback loop coupling transcriptional induction to proteasomal turnover.

    Evidence Promoter-reporter, ChIP of ERα at the ZFHX3 promoter, and proteasome-inhibitor protein stability assays

    PMID:21367855

    Open questions at the time
    • Identity of the degradation machinery not yet defined at this stage
  12. 2012 High

    Resolved the post-translational control circuitry—EFP-mediated ubiquitination, multisite SUMOylation, PML body association, and phosphorylation-dependent protection from calpain-1—explaining how ZFHX3 stability is tuned.

    Evidence Knockdown/overexpression with ubiquitination assays (EFP); NLS mapping, SUMOylation assays, PML colocalization; MS phosphosite mapping with calpain-1 cleavage assays

    PMID:22452784 PMID:23022192 PMID:24651376

    Open questions at the time
    • Functional consequence of PML body localization unclear
    • Kinases responsible for protective phosphorylation not identified
  13. 2012 High

    Defined ZFHX3 as a progesterone-PR target required for mammary progenitor expansion, linking it to hormone-driven tissue morphogenesis.

    Evidence ChIP of PR at the ZFHX3 promoter, reporter assays, RNAi, and Matrigel colony assays

    PMID:23159610

    Open questions at the time
    • Downstream ZFHX3 target genes in mammary progenitors not enumerated
  14. 2015 High

    Demonstrated a causal role in circadian transcription via AT-motif activation of SCN neuropeptide genes, establishing ZFHX3 as a clock-output regulator.

    Evidence Dominant missense mouse mutant, RNA-seq, in vitro AT-motif reporter, and lentiviral SCN transduction with behavioral analysis

    PMID:26232227

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct neuropeptide promoter binding in vivo not fully mapped
    • Relationship to core clock machinery left open
  15. 2016 Medium

    Connected ZFHX3 to atrial electrophysiology and calcium handling, providing a mechanistic basis for its genetic association with atrial fibrillation.

    Evidence Stable shRNA knockdown with patch clamp and calcium imaging in HL-1 atrial myocytes

    PMID:26930642

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct transcriptional targets among ion channel genes not all defined
    • In vivo cardiac relevance not yet tested at this stage
  16. 2017 High

    Proved ZFHX3 is required in adult SCN independent of development, distinguishing ongoing maintenance from developmental patterning of rhythmicity.

    Evidence Tamoxifen-inducible conditional knockout with within-animal before/after wheel-running analysis

    PMID:28816086

    Open questions at the time
    • Molecular targets sustaining adult rhythm not specified
    • Cell-type within SCN responsible not delineated
  17. 2019 High

    Established ZFHX3 as a tumor suppressor through ERβ/AR partnership and MYC repression, and as essential for PR-driven mammary branching and calcium influx.

    Evidence Co-IP and ChIP co-occupancy at MYC; conditional KO with PR co-IP and morphogenesis assays; TRPV6 promoter reporter and calcium-rescue assays

    PMID:30954439 PMID:30979864 PMID:31519324

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct vs. indirect MYC promoter regulation by ZFHX3 not fully separated
    • Breadth of PR-dependent ZFHX3 targets incomplete
  18. 2020 High

    Defined the SUMOylation enzyme cascade controlling ZFHX3 stability and a HIF1A-VEGFA angiogenic axis, integrating modification and hypoxic signaling with tumor growth.

    Evidence SUMOylation assays with SAE1/UBC9/PIAS2 and SENP1/2, ubiquitination crosstalk, xenografts; co-IP/ChIP and angiogenesis assays for HIF1A-VEGFA

    PMID:32249212 PMID:32277050

    Open questions at the time
    • How SUMO at Lys-2806 sterically blocks ubiquitination unresolved
    • ZFHX3 contribution to HIF1A recruitment vs. coactivation unclear
  19. 2021 Medium

    Detailed ZFHX3 repression of the cardiac sodium channel SCN5A and bidirectional androgen-AR control of ZFHX3 expression, refining its cardiac and prostate roles.

    Evidence Patch clamp and reporter assays for SCN5A/Nav1.5 and Nedd4-2; ChIP of AR at ZFHX3 promoter AREs with castration model

    PMID:34884836 PMID:34953044

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct SCN5A promoter occupancy by ZFHX3 not shown
    • Mechanism switching ligand-bound vs. ligand-free AR effects unresolved
  20. 2023 High

    Provided in vivo causal proof that cardiomyocyte ZFHX3 loss produces AF and dilated cardiomyopathy and that an AF-risk enhancer SNP lowers ZFHX3 expression, linking GWAS signal to mechanism.

    Evidence CRISPR editing, ChIP, luciferase in iPSC-cardiomyocytes, gene-dose conditional cardiac KO, imaging, electrophysiology, and multi-omics

    PMID:37449401

    Open questions at the time
    • Full set of ZFHX3-regulated atrial genes driving remodeling not defined
    • Whether enhancer SNP acts through identified targets unconfirmed
  21. 2024 High

    Identified disease-causing genetic mechanisms—a polyglycine GGC expansion causing SCA4 via aggregation/autophagy impairment and loss-of-function causing intellectual disability via BAF complex interaction—defining ZFHX3's clinical neurology.

    Evidence Long-read genome sequencing, neuropathology, autophagy assays with siRNA rescue (SCA4); IP-MS, ChIP-seq, and Drosophila model (intellectual disability)

    PMID:38412861 PMID:38684900

    Open questions at the time
    • How polyglycine ZFHX3 impairs autophagy mechanistically unresolved
    • Whether SCA4 reflects gain-of-toxic-function vs. dysregulated levels not fully separated
  22. 2024 High

    Expanded ZFHX3 roles into m6A RNA regulation (FTO repression) and CO2/hypercapnia-controlled innate immunity, broadening its regulatory reach.

    Evidence MeRIP-seq, FTO promoter reporter and m6A quantification in prostate cancer; myeloid-specific KO with RNA-seq and influenza infection model

    PMID:38227369 PMID:38871709

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct ZFHX3 binding at FTO promoter vs. indirect regulation not fully separated
    • How ZFHX3 senses CO2 signals upstream unknown
  23. 2025 Medium

    Showed ZFHX3 is integral to AR signaling in prostate epithelium, binding AR and supporting AR target gene transactivation and enzalutamide responsiveness.

    Evidence Co-IP mapping the N-terminal AR-binding region, ChIP at AR targets, RNA-seq, and proliferation assays

    PMID:40596315

    Open questions at the time
    • Reconciliation of ZFHX3 as AR coactivator here vs. AR target/repressor elsewhere unresolved
    • Single-lab; reciprocal validation of AR-binding region limited

Open questions

Synthesis pass · forward-looking unresolved questions
  • How ZFHX3's intrinsic ATPase activity, AT-motif binding, and context-dependent partner selection are mechanistically integrated to switch between activation and repression at specific loci remains unresolved.
  • No structural model of ZFHX3-DNA or ZFHX3-partner complexes
  • Determinants of activator vs. repressor output undefined
  • Genome-wide direct target catalog incomplete across tissues

Mechanism profile

Synthesis pass · controlled-vocabulary classification · explore literature graph →
Molecular activity
GO:0140110 transcription regulator activity 6 GO:0003677 DNA binding 5 GO:0003723 RNA binding 1 GO:0016787 hydrolase activity 1 GO:0140657 ATP-dependent activity 1
Localization
GO:0005634 nucleus 4 GO:0005829 cytosol 2 GO:0005654 nucleoplasm 1
Pathway
R-HSA-74160 Gene expression (Transcription) 6 R-HSA-162582 Signal Transduction 4 R-HSA-1643685 Disease 3 R-HSA-397014 Muscle contraction 3 R-HSA-392499 Metabolism of proteins 2 R-HSA-9909396 Circadian clock 2 R-HSA-168256 Immune System 1
Partners
ARESR1ESR2HIF1APGRPIAS3RUNX3TP53
Complex memberships
BAF chromatin remodeling complexPML nuclear bodies

Evidence

Reading pass · 37 per-paper findings extracted from the source corpus
Year Finding Method Journal Conf PMIDs
1991 ATBF1 (ZFHX3) was identified as a large DNA-binding protein (306 kDa) containing four homeodomains and 17 zinc finger motifs that binds to an AT-rich motif in the human alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) gene enhancer, establishing its identity as a transcriptional regulatory protein. cDNA cloning and sequencing; DNA-binding assays Molecular and cellular biology Medium 1719379
1994 ATBF1 selectively suppresses AFP enhancer and promoter activities by binding to AT-rich elements (AT motifs); suppression was abrogated by site-specific mutagenesis of the AT motif. ATBF1 competes with HNF1 for the same binding site, providing a mechanism for selective AFP (but not albumin) repression. Gel retardation (EMSA), site-directed mutagenesis, cotransfection/CAT reporter assays Molecular and cellular biology High 7507206
1995 ATBF1 exists as two isoforms generated by alternative promoter usage and splicing: ATBF1-B (306 kDa, 4 homeodomains, 18 zinc fingers) and ATBF1-A (404 kDa, with an additional 920-amino acid N-terminal extension). ATBF1-A expression is driven by a neuronal differentiation-dependent promoter activated during retinoic acid-induced neuronal differentiation of P19 and NT2/D1 cells. cDNA cloning, Northern blot, RNase protection assay, transient transfection/CAT reporter assay The Journal of biological chemistry High 7592926
1999 ATBF1 physically interacts with v-Myb and c-Myb proteins; the interaction requires amino acids 2484–2520 of ATBF1 and 279–300 of v-Myb (plus Leu325/Leu332 of the Myb leucine zipper). ATBF1 forms in vivo complexes with v-Myb and inhibits v-Myb transcriptional activity in co-transfection experiments. Yeast two-hybrid, in vitro binding/deletion mutagenesis, co-transfection luciferase assay, co-immunoprecipitation The Journal of biological chemistry High 10318867
2001 ATBF1-A isoform inhibits myogenic differentiation of C2C12 cells by repressing MyoD and myogenin and elevating Id3 and cyclin D1; the fourth homeodomain of ATBF1-A binds an AT-rich element adjacent to the E1 E-box of the MRF4 promoter to mediate transcriptional repression. The ATBF1-A-specific N-terminal region acts as a general transcriptional repressor. Conversely, ATBF1-B accelerates myogenic differentiation. Forced expression/transfection, Western blot, promoter-reporter assay, EMSA with defined homeodomain construct The Journal of biological chemistry High 11312261
2001 ATBF1-A directly binds an AT motif in the aminopeptidase N (APN) gene promoter and suppresses APN transcription in the crypt-villus axis of the small intestine; deletion of the AT motif abolishes suppression. ATBF1-A expression decreases upon butyrate-induced enterocyte differentiation. In situ hybridization, transient transfection/dual luciferase reporter assay with AT-motif deletion construct, RT-PCR Biochemical and biophysical research communications Medium 10623580
2001 ATBF1-A protein possesses an intrinsic DNA/RNA-dependent ATPase activity; a 263-amino acid segment (AHZ) containing the ATPase A-motif, homeodomain IV, and zinc finger 21 hydrolyzes ATP in a DNA/RNA-dependent manner. Site-directed mutagenesis of homeodomain IV and zinc finger 21 (but not the A-motif alone) abolished both DNA/RNA binding and ~80–90% of ATPase activity, establishing these domains as essential for enzymatic function. In vitro ATPase assay with recombinant GST-fusion protein, site-directed mutagenesis Biochimica et biophysica acta High 11755205
2004 ATBF1 interacts with PIAS3 (identified by yeast two-hybrid) and forms in vivo complexes with PIAS3 in HepG2 cells; ATBF1 alone has no effect on STAT3 signaling but synergistically enhances PIAS3-mediated inhibition of IL-6-activated STAT3, suppressing IL-6-mediated cellular responses. Yeast two-hybrid, co-immunoprecipitation, luciferase reporter assay (STAT3-responsive) Biochemical and biophysical research communications Medium 14715251
2004 ATBF1 directly interacts with p53 (co-immunoprecipitation) and stimulates p21(Waf1/Cip1) promoter activity; MMC treatment and ATBF1 overexpression synergistically activated p21 promoter activity up to 7-fold, placing ATBF1 in a p53-p21 cell cycle regulatory pathway. Immunoprecipitation, dual luciferase promoter-reporter assay Microbiology and immunology Medium 14978340
2005 ATBF1 overexpression in Neuro 2A cells causes cell cycle arrest and nuclear localization; in P19 cells, ATBF1 is cytoplasmic in floating/nonadherent conditions (due to CRM1-dependent nuclear export) but translocates to the nucleus and arrests the cell cycle upon cell-matrix adhesion. Nuclear localization (and hence cell cycle arrest) is suppressed by caffeine (an ATM inhibitor), and cytoplasmic retention requires CRM1-dependent export. Overexpression, cell cycle analysis, pharmacological inhibition (caffeine, leptomycin B), fluorescence microscopy Development (Cambridge, England) Medium 16251211
2007 Nuclear ATBF1 suppresses MUC5AC gene expression in gastric cancer by binding to an AT motif-like element in the MUC5AC promoter; chromatin immunoprecipitation confirmed ATBF1 occupancy at this element, and deletion of the AT motif abolished ATBF1-mediated suppression in reporter assays. Dual luciferase reporter assay, chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP), overexpression with endogenous MUC5AC protein analysis, immunohistochemistry International journal of cancer High 17330845
2008 Atbf1 is required for early activation of the Pit1 gene in the developing pituitary; Atbf1 binds to and activates one of two critical distant enhancers of the Pit1 locus, as demonstrated by in vivo enhancer mapping combined with proteomics (mass spectrometry) identification and genetic/in vitro validation. In vivo enhancer mapping, proteomics/mass spectrometry, genetic analysis, in vitro transcription assay Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America High 18272476
2010 ZFHX3 (ATBF1) induces expression of PDGFRB and thereby activates ATM in the cytoplasm under oxidative stress (but not genotoxic stress), defining a novel signaling axis: ATM→CREB→ZFHX3→PDGFRB→cytoplasmic ATM activation for neuronal protection. PDGFRB inhibition with AG1433 suppressed oxidative-stress-induced ATM activation but not X-ray-induced ATM activation. Pharmacological inhibition (AG1433), immunofluorescence/subcellular fractionation, reporter/expression assays in primary cerebellar neurons and cell lines Disease models & mechanisms Medium 20876357
2010 ATBF1 inhibits estrogen receptor (ER)-mediated transcription and cell proliferation in ER-positive breast cancer cells by physically interacting with ER (in vitro and in vivo immunoprecipitation) and selectively competing with the coactivator AIB1 (but not GRIP1 or SRC1) for ER binding. In vitro and in vivo co-immunoprecipitation, competition binding assays, luciferase reporter assay, cell proliferation assay The Journal of biological chemistry High 20720010
2010 ATBF1 physically associates with RUNX3 (co-immunoprecipitation) and both proteins translocate together to the nucleus in response to TGF-β1 stimulation in gastric cancer cells. ATBF1 and RUNX3 synergistically upregulate p21(Waf1/Cip1) promoter activity. Co-immunoprecipitation, confocal laser scanning microscopy (subcellular localization), dual luciferase reporter assay, immunohistochemistry Biochemical and biophysical research communications Medium 20599712
2011 Estrogen upregulates ATBF1 transcription via direct binding of ERα to a half-estrogen-responsive element in the ATBF1 promoter; at higher estrogen levels, ATBF1 protein is degraded via the proteasome system, creating an autoregulatory feedback loop between ATBF1 and estrogen-ERα signaling. Promoter-reporter assay, ChIP (ER binding to ATBF1 promoter), Western blot/protein stability assay, pharmacological proteasome inhibition The Journal of biological chemistry High 21367855
2012 EFP (oestrogen-responsive finger protein) is the E3 ubiquitin ligase that mediates oestrogen-induced ATBF1 protein ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation; EFP knockdown increases ATBF1 protein levels, EFP overexpression decreases them, and EFP physically interacts with and ubiquitinates ATBF1. RNAi knockdown, overexpression, co-immunoprecipitation, ubiquitination assay, Western blot The Biochemical journal High 22452784
2012 ATBF1 nuclear localization is defined by a 3-amino acid NLS motif (KRK2615-2617); ectopically expressed ATBF1 forms nuclear body-like dots that physically associate with PML nuclear bodies. ATBF1 is SUMOylated at multiple lysine residues (K2349, K2806, K3258) in a nuclear-specific manner. PIAS3, which directly interacts with ATBF1, paradoxically diminishes rather than enhances ATBF1 SUMOylation. Site-directed mutagenesis of NLS, fluorescence microscopy/co-localization with PML, SUMOylation assay, co-immunoprecipitation PloS one Medium 24651376
2012 ATBF1 protein is phosphorylated at multiple serine residues in embryonic brain (Ser1600, Ser2634, Ser2795, Ser2804, Ser2900, Ser3431, Ser3613, Ser3697) and this phosphorylation protects ATBF1 from cleavage by calpain-1. Dephosphorylation with alkaline phosphatase sensitizes ATBF1 to calpain-1 digestion; calcineurin inhibition with FK506 enhances ATBF1 resistance to calpain-1. Mass spectrometry phosphopeptide identification, in vitro calpain-1 cleavage assay, alkaline phosphatase treatment, FK506 pharmacological treatment Biochemical and biophysical research communications High 23022192
2012 Progesterone-PR signaling directly induces ATBF1 transcription; activated PR binds to the ATBF1 promoter (demonstrated by ChIP) and upregulates ATBF1 at both mRNA and protein levels. ATBF1 induction is required for Pg-promoted mammary progenitor cell expansion, as prevention of ATBF1 induction inhibited Pg-PR-driven colony formation and stem cell marker expression. ChIP (PR binding to ATBF1 promoter), promoter-reporter assay, RNAi knockdown, RT-PCR, Western blot, Matrigel colony assay Biochemical and biophysical research communications High 23159610
2015 ZFHX3 regulates circadian transcription via direct interaction with AT motifs in target gene promoters in the SCN. A dominant missense mutation (Zfhx3^Sci) decreases ZFHX3's ability to activate AT motifs in vitro; in Zfhx3^Sci/+ SCN, neuropeptide gene expression (critical for intercellular signaling) is disturbed while core clock genes are largely unaffected. Lentiviral transduction showed ZFHX3-mediated AT motif activation is circadian with reduced amplitude in mutant SCN. Dominant missense mouse mutant, RNA sequencing, in vitro AT-motif reporter assay, lentiviral SCN transduction, behavioral circadian analysis Cell High 26232227
2016 ZFHX3 knockdown in HL-1 atrial myocytes dysregulates calcium homeostasis (increased SR Ca2+ content, Ca2+ transient, and Ca2+ leak) and increases atrial arrhythmogenesis by altering expression of SERCA2a, ryanodine receptor, Kv1.4, Kv1.5, Kir3.4, and associated ionic currents. Stable shRNA knockdown, patch clamp, confocal fluorescence microscopy (calcium imaging), Western blot International journal of cardiology Medium 26930642
2016 ZFHX3 maintains prolactin receptor (Prlr) expression and Prlr-Jak2-Stat5 signaling activity in mammary epithelial cells; Zfhx3 knockout in mouse mammary tissue interrupts lactogenesis, reduces β-casein expression, and causes failure of lactation with underdeveloped alveoli. Conditional knockout, Western blot (Prlr, Stat5 phosphorylation), RT-PCR, histology, HC11 cell knockdown model The Journal of biological chemistry High 27129249
2017 Adult-specific inducible knockout of Zfhx3 in mice shortens circadian free-running period by >1 h and causes complete behavioral arrhythmicity in 30% of homozygous animals, confirming a sustained role for ZFHX3 in adult SCN circadian rhythmicity independent of developmental effects. Tamoxifen-inducible Cre-mediated conditional knockout (UBC-cre/ERT2), wheel-running circadian behavior analysis before and after excision in same animals Journal of biological rhythms High 28816086
2019 ZFHX3 and ERβ physically interact with each other in prostate cancer cells; both occupy the same region of the MYC promoter, and loss of ZFHX3 prevents ERβ from repressing MYC transcription and inhibiting cell proliferation, establishing MYC repression as a mechanism for ZFHX3's tumor suppressor activity. Co-immunoprecipitation, ChIP (ZFHX3 and ERβ on MYC promoter), siRNA knockdown, cell proliferation assay, luciferase reporter assay Oncogenesis High 30979864
2019 Zfhx3 is essential for progesterone/PR signaling-driven ductal side-branching and alveologenesis; postnatal Zfhx3 deletion attenuates Pg-PR-mediated branching morphogenesis. ZFHX3 physically associates with PR (co-IP), and Pg/PR signaling expands PR/Zfhx3-positive epithelial cells. Zfhx3 loss impairs PR-dependent gene transcription. Conditional knockout, co-immunoprecipitation (ZFHX3-PR), histology, RT-PCR, Western blot Journal of genetics and genomics High 30954439
2019 ZFHX3 regulates calcium influx in mammary epithelial cells partly via transcriptional regulation of the TRPV6 calcium channel; ZFHX3 knockdown reduces TRPV6 expression (confirmed by luciferase reporter assay of TRPV6 promoter), and calcium entry in ZFHX3-KD cells is partially rescued by wild-type but not pore-dead TRPV6. siRNA knockdown, luciferase reporter assay (TRPV6 promoter), calcium imaging, rescue with TRPV6 mutants Biochemical and biophysical research communications Medium 31519324
2020 SUMOylation of ZFHX3 at Lys-2806 (the major site) is mediated by E1 enzyme SAE1, E2 enzyme UBC9, and E3 ligase PIAS2; SUMO-specific peptidases SENP1 and SENP2 deSUMOylate ZFHX3. SUMOylation at Lys-2806 enhances ZFHX3 stability by interfering with ubiquitination/proteasomal degradation, and promotes ZFHX3-mediated cell proliferation and xenograft tumor growth. SUMOylation assay with identified enzymes, mutagenesis of SUMOylation sites, ubiquitination assay, protein stability analysis, cell proliferation/xenograft assay The Journal of biological chemistry High 32249212
2020 ZFHX3 physically associates with HIF1A and is required for HIF1A to transcriptionally activate the VEGFA gene and exert angiogenic activity; hypoxia increases ZFHX3 transcription via HIF1A binding to the ZFHX3 promoter (ChIP), and ZFHX3 loss blocks HIF1A-driven VEGFA expression, HUVEC migration/tube formation, and microvessel formation in HCC xenografts. Co-immunoprecipitation (ZFHX3-HIF1A), ChIP (HIF1A on ZFHX3 promoter), siRNA knockdown, luciferase reporter, HUVEC tube formation/migration assays, xenograft tumor assay The Journal of biological chemistry High 32277050
2021 ZFHX3 transcriptionally represses SCN5A (encoding Nav1.5 sodium channel), reduces cardiac sodium current (INa) density in HL-1 cardiomyocytes, and increases expression of Nedd4-2 ubiquitin ligase to enhance Nav1.5 proteasomal degradation. ZFHX3 also reduces transcriptional activity of SCN5A, PITX2, TBX5, and NKX25 minimal promoters. Transfection/siRNA in HL-1 cells, patch clamp (INa measurement), luciferase promoter-reporter assay, Western blot International journal of molecular sciences Medium 34884836
2021 Androgen/AR bidirectionally regulates ZFHX3 transcription in prostate cancer cells: androgen-induced AR binding to AREs in the ZFHX3 promoter upregulates ZFHX3 transcription, while ligand-free AR binds a distinct ARE to repress ZFHX3 transcription. Castration reduces Zfhx3 mRNA/protein in mouse prostates. ChIP (AR occupancy on ZFHX3 promoter in androgen-present vs. androgen-absent conditions), RT-PCR, Western blot, in vivo castration model Journal of cellular and molecular medicine Medium 34953044
2023 Cardiomyocyte-restricted Zfhx3 loss causes atrial dilation, increased AF susceptibility (gene-dose dependent), altered conduction velocity, atrial action potential duration changes, calcium handling abnormalities, atrial thrombus, and dilated cardiomyopathy. SNP rs12931021 modulates an enhancer regulating ZFHX3 expression, with the AF risk allele associated with decreased ZFHX3 transcription (demonstrated by CRISPR editing and luciferase assay in iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes). CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing, chromatin immunoprecipitation, luciferase assay, conditional cardiac KO (hetero- and homozygous), echocardiography, MRI, electrophysiology, calcium imaging, RNA-seq, snATAC-seq analysis Circulation research High 37449401
2024 A heterozygous GGC-repeat expansion in the last coding exon of ZFHX3 (encoding polyglycine) causes spinocerebellar ataxia type 4 (SCA4). Intranuclear ZFHX3-p62-ubiquitin aggregates are abundant in SCA4 basis pontis neurons. In patient fibroblasts and iPSCs, the GGC expansion leads to increased ZFHX3 protein levels and impairs autophagy; siRNA-mediated ZFHX3 knockdown normalizes both autophagy and protein levels. Long-read single-strand whole-genome sequencing, immunohistochemistry (intranuclear aggregates), autophagy assays in fibroblasts and iPSCs, siRNA rescue experiments Nature genetics High 38684900
2024 Loss-of-function ZFHX3 variation causes syndromic intellectual disability; ZFHX3 interacts with the BRG1/Brm-associated factor (BAF) chromatin remodeling complex and the cleavage and polyadenylation complex (identified by co-immunoprecipitation/mass spectrometry confirmed by reverse co-IP and Western blot). ChIP-seq revealed ZFHX3 predominantly binds promoters of genes involved in nervous system development. Immunoprecipitation followed by mass spectrometry, reverse co-IP, Western blot, ChIP-seq, DNA methylation profiling, Drosophila knockdown model American journal of human genetics High 38412861
2024 ZFHX3 acts as a tumor suppressor in prostate cancer by repressing FTO transcription; ZFHX3 knockdown increases FTO expression and thereby decreases global m6A RNA modification levels. FTO-mediated m6A demethylation regulates E2F2 and CDKN2C expression. Conversely, FTO regulates ZFHX3 expression in an m6A-dependent manner, establishing a bidirectional regulatory loop. siRNA knockdown, RT-PCR, Western blot, m6A quantification, MeRIP-seq, transcriptome sequencing, luciferase reporter assay (FTO promoter) Cell death discovery Medium 38871709
2024 Myeloid-specific Zfhx3 deletion blocks hypercapnia-induced suppression of innate immune gene expression in alveolar macrophages and reduces influenza A virus replication, lung injury, and mortality in hypercapnic mice, establishing Zfhx3 as a mammalian mediator of CO2 effects on immune gene expression. Myeloid-specific conditional knockout (Zfhx3 flox × LysM-Cre), RNA-seq of alveolar macrophages, influenza A infection model with viral titer/lung injury measurement JCI insight High 38227369
2025 ZFHX3 protein physically binds AR via multiple regions (particularly residues 1–223 of ZFHX3); ZFHX3 loss weakens AR transactivity and AR binding to target gene promoters (e.g., KLK3, FKBP5, TMPRSS2), and attenuates enzalutamide's anti-proliferative efficacy, establishing ZFHX3 as integral to AR signaling in prostate epithelial cells. Co-immunoprecipitation (ZFHX3-AR), ChIP (AR on target promoters), RNA-seq, luciferase reporter assay, cell proliferation/colony formation assay Scientific reports Medium 40596315

Source papers

Stage 0 corpus · 100 papers · ranked by NIH iCite citations
Year Title Journal Citations PMID
2009 A sequence variant in ZFHX3 on 16q22 associates with atrial fibrillation and ischemic stroke. Nature genetics 373 19597491
2005 Frequent somatic mutations of the transcription factor ATBF1 in human prostate cancer. Nature genetics 143 15750593
1991 A human alpha-fetoprotein enhancer-binding protein, ATBF1, contains four homeodomains and seventeen zinc fingers. Molecular and cellular biology 135 1719379
1995 Cloning and characterization of an ATBF1 isoform that expresses in a neuronal differentiation-dependent manner. The Journal of biological chemistry 87 7592926
2005 Homeotic factor ATBF1 induces the cell cycle arrest associated with neuronal differentiation. Development (Cambridge, England) 77 16251211
2020 ZFHX3 mutation as a protective biomarker for immune checkpoint blockade in non-small cell lung cancer. Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII 76 32653938
1994 ATBF1, a multiple-homeodomain zinc finger protein, selectively down-regulates AT-rich elements of the human alpha-fetoprotein gene. Molecular and cellular biology 74 7507206
2015 The Regulatory Factor ZFHX3 Modifies Circadian Function in SCN via an AT Motif-Driven Axis. Cell 72 26232227
2010 Significant association of SNP rs2106261 in the ZFHX3 gene with atrial fibrillation in a Chinese Han GeneID population. Human genetics 64 21107608
2001 Positive and negative regulation of myogenic differentiation of C2C12 cells by isoforms of the multiple homeodomain zinc finger transcription factor ATBF1. The Journal of biological chemistry 64 11312261
2001 Alpha-fetoprotein producing gastric cancer lacks transcription factor ATBF1. Oncogene 64 11314020
2010 The ZFHX3 (ATBF1) transcription factor induces PDGFRB, which activates ATM in the cytoplasm to protect cerebellar neurons from oxidative stress. Disease models & mechanisms 60 20876357
1999 Myb-interacting protein, ATBF1, represses transcriptional activity of Myb oncoprotein. The Journal of biological chemistry 54 10318867
2006 Translocation-excision-deletion-amplification mechanism leading to nonsyntenic coamplification of MYC and ATBF1. Genes, chromosomes & cancer 53 16235245
2004 ATBF1 enhances the suppression of STAT3 signaling by interaction with PIAS3. Biochemical and biophysical research communications 50 14715251
2019 ZFHX3 is indispensable for ERβ to inhibit cell proliferation via MYC downregulation in prostate cancer cells. Oncogenesis 48 30979864
2012 Heterozygous deletion of Atbf1 by the Cre-loxP system in mice causes preweaning mortality. Genesis (New York, N.Y. : 2000) 44 22644989
2010 ATBF1 inhibits estrogen receptor (ER) function by selectively competing with AIB1 for binding to the ER in ER-positive breast cancer cells. The Journal of biological chemistry 44 20720010
2015 Patterns of CTCF and ZFHX3 Mutation and Associated Outcomes in Endometrial Cancer. Journal of the National Cancer Institute 42 26330387
2024 Adaptive Long-Read Sequencing Reveals GGC Repeat Expansion in ZFHX3 Associated with Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 4. Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society 40 38197134
2016 ZFHX3 knockdown increases arrhythmogenesis and dysregulates calcium homeostasis in HL-1 atrial myocytes. International journal of cardiology 39 26930642
2010 Tumor suppressor, AT motif binding factor 1 (ATBF1), translocates to the nucleus with runt domain transcription factor 3 (RUNX3) in response to TGF-beta signal transduction. Biochemical and biophysical research communications 38 20599712
1996 Cloning of the cDNA encoding the mouse ATBF1 transcription factor. Gene 37 8654949
2014 Incidence of dementia in relation to genetic variants at PITX2, ZFHX3, and ApoE ε4 in atrial fibrillation patients. Pacing and clinical electrophysiology : PACE 34 25494715
2012 Oestrogen causes ATBF1 protein degradation through the oestrogen-responsive E3 ubiquitin ligase EFP. The Biochemical journal 34 22452784
1994 Activation of ATBF1, a multiple-homeodomain zinc-finger gene, during neuronal differentiation of murine embryonal carcinoma cells. Developmental biology 34 8174773
2024 A GGC-repeat expansion in ZFHX3 encoding polyglycine causes spinocerebellar ataxia type 4 and impairs autophagy. Nature genetics 31 38684900
2023 Loss of the Atrial Fibrillation-Related Gene, Zfhx3, Results in Atrial Dilation and Arrhythmias. Circulation research 31 37449401
2020 SUMOylation of the transcription factor ZFHX3 at Lys-2806 requires SAE1, UBC9, and PIAS2 and enhances its stability and function in cell proliferation. The Journal of biological chemistry 31 32249212
2014 Deletion of atbf1/zfhx3 in mouse prostate causes neoplastic lesions, likely by attenuation of membrane and secretory proteins and multiple signaling pathways. Neoplasia (New York, N.Y.) 31 24934715
2007 Genetic alterations of the ATBF1 gene in gastric cancer. Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research 30 17671116
2006 Infrequent mutation of ATBF1 in human breast cancer. Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology 30 16932943
2003 ATBF1-A protein, but not ATBF1-B, is preferentially expressed in developing rat brain. The Journal of comparative neurology 30 12926016
2016 Zinc Finger Homeodomain Factor Zfhx3 Is Essential for Mammary Lactogenic Differentiation by Maintaining Prolactin Signaling Activity. The Journal of biological chemistry 29 27129249
2014 Genetic polymorphisms in ZFHX3 are associated with atrial fibrillation in a Chinese Han population. PloS one 29 24983873
2004 Susceptibility to killer T cells of gastric cancer cells enhanced by Mitomycin-C involves induction of ATBF1 and activation of p21 (Waf1/Cip1) promoter. Microbiology and immunology 29 14978340
2019 MicroRNA-133 suppresses ZFHX3-dependent atrial remodelling and arrhythmia. Acta physiologica (Oxford, England) 28 31152485
2017 Inducible Knockout of Mouse Zfhx3 Emphasizes Its Key Role in Setting the Pace and Amplitude of the Adult Circadian Clock. Journal of biological rhythms 28 28816086
2014 Down-regulation of ATBF1 activates STAT3 signaling via PIAS3 in pacing-induced HL-1 atrial myocytes. Biochemical and biophysical research communications 28 24857987
2011 Estrogen up-regulates ATBF1 transcription but causes its protein degradation in estrogen receptor-alpha-positive breast cancer cells. The Journal of biological chemistry 28 21367855
2008 Atbf1 is required for the Pit1 gene early activation. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 28 18272476
2007 Subcellular localization of ATBF1 regulates MUC5AC transcription in gastric cancer. International journal of cancer 27 17330845
2002 Regulation of the alpha-fetoprotein gene by the isoforms of ATBF1 transcription factor in human hepatoma. Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.) 27 11786962
2020 The transcription factor ZFHX3 is crucial for the angiogenic function of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α in liver cancer cells. The Journal of biological chemistry 26 32277050
2012 Upregulation of ATBF1 by progesterone-PR signaling and its functional implication in mammary epithelial cells. Biochemical and biophysical research communications 26 23159610
2012 Atbf1 regulates pubertal mammary gland development likely by inhibiting the pro-proliferative function of estrogen-ER signaling. PloS one 26 23251482
2016 The Zfhx3-Mediated Axis Regulates Sleep and Interval Timing in Mice. Cell reports 25 27373158
2008 Down-regulation of ATBF1 is a major inactivating mechanism in hepatocellular carcinoma. Histopathology 25 18312352
2024 Haploinsufficiency of ZFHX3, encoding a key player in neuronal development, causes syndromic intellectual disability. American journal of human genetics 24 38412861
2024 ZFHX3 variants cause childhood partial epilepsy and infantile spasms with favourable outcomes. Journal of medical genetics 24 38508705
2015 Novel Nucleotide Variations, Haplotypes Structure and Associations with Growth Related Traits of Goat AT Motif-Binding Factor (ATBF1) Gene. Asian-Australasian journal of animal sciences 24 26323396
2020 ZFHX3 Promotes the Proliferation and Tumor Growth of ER-Positive Breast Cancer Cells Likely by Enhancing Stem-Like Features and MYC and TBX3 Transcription. Cancers 23 33217982
2019 Zfhx3 is required for the differentiation of late born D1-type medium spiny neurons. Experimental neurology 22 31491374
2014 Characterization of nuclear localization and SUMOylation of the ATBF1 transcription factor in epithelial cells. PloS one 22 24651376
2000 AT motif binding factor 1-A (ATBF1-A) negatively regulates transcription of the aminopeptidase N gene in the crypt-villus axis of small intestine. Biochemical and biophysical research communications 22 10623580
2018 High-throughput behavioral assay to investigate seizure sensitivity in zebrafish implicates ZFHX3 in epilepsy. Journal of neurogenetics 21 29718741
1996 Developmental changes in expression of the ATBF1 transcription factor gene. Brain research. Molecular brain research 21 9013792
2008 Loss of heterozygosity at the ATBF1-A locus located in the 16q22 minimal region in breast cancer. BMC cancer 20 18796146
2020 ZFHX3 knockdown dysregulates mitochondrial adaptations to tachypacing in atrial myocytes through enhanced oxidative stress and calcium overload. Acta physiologica (Oxford, England) 19 33332716
2015 Additive Effect of Zfhx3/Atbf1 and Pten Deletion on Mouse Prostatic Tumorigenesis. Journal of genetics and genomics = Yi chuan xue bao 19 26233892
2008 ATBF1 and NQO1 as candidate targets for allelic loss at chromosome arm 16q in breast cancer: absence of somatic ATBF1 mutations and no role for the C609T NQO1 polymorphism. BMC cancer 19 18416817
2006 Germline ATBF1 mutations and prostate cancer risk. The Prostate 18 16637072
2019 Zfhx3 is essential for progesterone/progesterone receptor signaling to drive ductal side-branching and alveologenesis in mouse mammary glands. Journal of genetics and genomics = Yi chuan xue bao 17 30954439
2024 Spinocerebellar ataxia type 4 is caused by a GGC expansion in the ZFHX3 gene and is associated with prominent dysautonomia and motor neuron signs. Journal of internal medicine 16 38973251
2021 Zfhx3 Transcription Factor Represses the Expression of SCN5A Gene and Decreases Sodium Current Density (INa). International journal of molecular sciences 15 34884836
2019 A deletion mutation within the ATBF1 gene is strongly associated with goat litter size. Animal biotechnology 15 30732523
2016 Association of ZFHX3 gene variation with atrial fibrillation, cerebral infarction, and lung thromboembolism: An autopsy study. Journal of cardiology 15 28007413
2020 Human exome and mouse embryonic expression data implicate ZFHX3, TRPS1, and CHD7 in human esophageal atresia. PloS one 14 32502225
2018 Maintenance of low inflammation level by the ZFHX3 SNP rs2106261 minor allele contributes to reduced atrial fibrillation recurrence after pulmonary vein isolation. PloS one 14 30180182
2023 A novel neurodevelopmental syndrome caused by loss-of-function of the Zinc Finger Homeobox 3 (ZFHX3) gene. medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences 13 37292950
2024 ZFHX3 acts as a tumor suppressor in prostate cancer by targeting FTO-mediated m6A demethylation. Cell death discovery 10 38871709
2015 Rs7193343 polymorphism in zinc finger homeobox 3 (ZFHX3) gene and atrial fibrillation: an updated meta-analysis of 10 case-control comparisons. BMC cardiovascular disorders 10 26112950
2024 Myeloid Zfhx3 deficiency protects against hypercapnia-induced suppression of host defense against influenza A virus. JCI insight 9 38227369
2021 Zfhx3 modulates retinal sensitivity and circadian responses to light. FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology 9 34383984
2020 Transcription factor FOXA3 promotes the development of Hepatoblastoma via regulating HNF1A, AFP, and ZFHX3 expression. Journal of clinical laboratory analysis 9 33368532
2016 A diagnostic marker for superficial urothelial bladder carcinoma: lack of nuclear ATBF1 (ZFHX3) by immunohistochemistry suggests malignant progression. BMC cancer 9 27756245
2012 Interruption of nuclear localization of ATBF1 during the histopathologic progression of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Head & neck 9 22791392
2019 Transcription factor ZFHX3 regulates calcium influx in mammary epithelial cells in part via the TRPV6 calcium channel. Biochemical and biophysical research communications 8 31519324
2015 The CAA repeat polymorphism in the ZFHX3 gene is associated with risk of coronary heart disease in a Chinese population. The Tohoku journal of experimental medicine 8 25797214
2012 AT motif binding factor 1 (ATBF1) is highly phosphorylated in embryonic brain and protected from cleavage by calpain-1. Biochemical and biophysical research communications 8 23022192
2021 Zfhx3-mediated genetic ablation of the SCN abolishes light entrainable circadian activity while sparing food anticipatory activity. iScience 7 34632336
2001 DNA/RNA-dependent ATPase activity is associated with ATBF1, a multiple homeodomain-zinc finger protein. Biochimica et biophysica acta 7 11755205
2021 AR imposes different effects on ZFHX3 transcription depending on androgen status in prostate cancer cells. Journal of cellular and molecular medicine 6 34953044
2017 Cellular localization of ATBF1 protein and its functional implication in breast epithelial cells. Biochemical and biophysical research communications 6 28624455
2017 Association study between ZFHX3 gene polymorphisms and obesity in Korean population. Journal of exercise rehabilitation 6 29114518
2023 Influence of ZFHX3 Polymorphisms on the Risk of Ischemic Stroke in Chinese Han Population. Cardiovascular toxicology 5 36800142
2014 Chromosome 16q22 variants in a region associated with cardiovascular phenotypes correlate with ZFHX3 expression in a transcript-specific manner. BMC genetics 5 25539802
2024 ZFHX3 methylation in peripheral blood monocytes as a potential biomarker for pancreatic cancer detection. Pancreatology : official journal of the International Association of Pancreatology (IAP) ... [et al.] 4 38853072
2022 Inactivation of PTEN and ZFHX3 in Mammary Epithelial Cells Alters Patterns of Collective Cell Migration. International journal of molecular sciences 4 36613756
2022 Association of ZFHX3 Genetic Polymorphisms and Extra-Pulmonary Vein Triggers in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation Who Underwent Catheter Ablation. Frontiers in physiology 3 35069262
2015 A complex insertion/deletion polymorphism in the compositionally biased region of the ZFHX3 gene in patients with coronary heart disease in a Chinese population. International journal of clinical and experimental medicine 3 26221345
2025 ZFHX3 is integral to androgen/AR signaling involving protein association with AR in prostate cancer cells. Scientific reports 2 40596315
2024 Evaluation of Potential Roles of Zinc Finger Homeobox 3 (Zfhx3) Expressed in Chondrocytes and Osteoblasts on Skeletal Growth in Mice. Calcified tissue international 2 39085428
2023 Myeloid Zfhx3 Deficiency Protects Against Hypercapnia-induced Suppression of Host Defense Against Influenza A Virus. bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology 2 36909510
2025 Identification of GGC Repeat Expansions in ZFHX3 among Chilean Movement Disorder Patients. Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society 1 40459184
2025 ZFHX3 silencing alleviates ischemic stroke by suppressing pericyte contraction and calcium influx through inhibiting WNK3 expression. Experimental neurology 1 40602592
2025 ZFHX3 Knockdown Enhances Metabolic Distress in Atrial Myocytes Through Mitochondrial and Calcium Dysregulation: Mitigation by Trimetazidine. International journal of molecular sciences 1 40943496
2022 ATBF1 is a potential diagnostic marker of histological grade and functions via WNT5A in breast cancer. BMC cancer 1 36476423
2015 ATBF1 is a novel amyloid-β protein precursor (AβPP) binding protein that affects AβPP expression. Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD 1 25079792
2025 ZFHX3-associated neural tube defect. BMJ case reports 0 41198152

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